Toe board slip form structure and hydropower station building and using method based on adjustment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, in particular to a toe board slip form structure and an adjustment-based hydropower station building and using method.The toe board slip form structure comprises an outer sleeve formwork, an embedded formwork and a nose ridge steel formwork and further comprises a telescopic lead screw and an angle adjusting lead screw, and the telescopic lead screw is matched with the outer sleeve formwork and the embedded formwork through a size adjusting assembly; the angle adjusting lead screw is matched with the embedded template and the nose ridge steel template through a deflection assembly, a locking mechanism is arranged on the embedded template, a bearing assembly is arranged between the embedded template and the nose ridge steel template, and the locking mechanism is matched with the telescopic lead screw, the angle adjusting lead screw and the bearing assembly. The locking mechanism locks the telescopic lead screw, the angle adjusting lead screw and the bearing assembly at a time after the size and the angle are determined, the displacement risk caused by follow-up vibration or manual mistaken touch is thoroughly eliminated, the overall structure is compact, section change and angle switching can be rapidly completed without repeated disassembly and assembly on site, the construction efficiency is improved, and the concrete forming precision is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, specifically to a toe plate slipform structure and a method for constructing and using a hydropower station based on regulation. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of concrete-faced rockfill dams for hydropower and dikes, the toe slab, as a key seepage-proof component between the face and the bedrock, requires flexible adjustment of its cross-sectional dimensions and the slope of its water-facing side according to changes in terrain and geological conditions. Traditionally, loosely assembled wooden molds or combined steel molds are used, with manual assembly, wedging, and support on site, followed by minor adjustments using hand-operated hoists or jacks.

[0003] The above methods have the following common drawbacks: The adjustment methods are discrete; there is a lack of continuous sliding function between wooden or small combined steel formwork units; changes in size require repeated additions and removals of formwork panels, making true stepless transition impossible; angle adjustment relies on additional wedges or shims, resulting in low precision and poor repeatability. Locking reliability is insufficient; formwork is often temporarily fixed using pins, wires, or simple spiral buckles, which are easily loosened by subsequent concrete vibration and personnel movement, leading to formwork displacement, misalignment, and difficulty in ensuring the flatness of the formed surface. Labor intensity is high, and turnover efficiency is low; each cross-sectional change requires dismantling, transportation, and reassembly, and the supporting system also needs synchronous adjustment, resulting in long on-site operation cycles and frequent coordination between machinery and manual labor, which is not conducive to rapid construction. The stress system is unreasonable; angle adjustment components often bear the formwork's own weight, concrete lateral pressure, and construction live load simultaneously, resulting in long-term unbalanced loading, easy deformation and failure, increasing later maintenance costs and posing safety hazards.

[0004] In recent years, although there have been attempts to combine screw rods with formwork, these methods generally only offer unidirectional adjustment, or can only extend or retract to change the width, or only deflect to change the angle; and after adjustment, they still rely on scattered independent locking points, lacking a one-time overall locking measure. Faced with the variable cross-section and slope requirements brought about by complex river valley terrain, existing technologies still struggle to simultaneously, quickly, and accurately adjust both "size-angle" parameters, and cannot effectively suppress the displacement risks caused by subsequent construction disturbances. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a toe plate slipform structure and a method for constructing and using a hydropower station based on regulation, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A toe plate sliding formwork structure includes an outer template, an inner template, and a nose sill steel template. The outer template and the inner template slide together, and the nose sill steel template is rotatably connected to the inner template via a hinge. It also includes a telescopic lead screw and an angle adjusting lead screw. The telescopic lead screw cooperates with the outer template and the inner template through a size adjustment component. When the operator rotates the telescopic lead screw, the size adjustment component can drive the inner template to slide horizontally relative to the outer template to change the size. The angle adjustment screw cooperates with the embedded template and the nose sill steel template through the deflection component. When the operator rotates the angle adjustment screw, the deflection component can drive the nose sill steel template to deflect relative to the embedded template to change the tilt angle. The embedded template is equipped with a locking mechanism, and a support component is provided between the embedded template and the nose sill steel template to reduce the stress on the angle adjustment screw. The locking mechanism cooperates with the telescopic screw, the angle adjustment screw and the support component respectively. After the size and tilt angle are adjusted, the operator drives the locking mechanism to operate, and the locking mechanism can lock the telescopic screw, the angle adjustment screw and the support component respectively.

[0007] The toe plate sliding mold structure as described above: The size adjustment assembly includes a threaded ring and a main side retaining ring, wherein the threaded ring is fixedly mounted on the outer template. One end of the telescopic screw is rotatably mounted on the embedded template, and the telescopic screw and the threaded ring are threaded together. The main side retaining ring is coaxially fixedly mounted on one end of the telescopic screw, and a handwheel is coaxially fixedly mounted on the other end of the telescopic screw.

[0008] The toe plate sliding mold structure as described above: The skew assembly includes a pin, a collar, and a threaded sleeve. The pin is configured as two pins, which are respectively rotatably mounted on the inner template and the nose sill steel template. The collar and the threaded sleeve are rotatably connected to the two pins respectively, and the collar is close to the embedded template.

[0009] The toe plate sliding mold structure as described above: One end of the angle adjusting screw is rotatably connected to the collar, and the angle adjusting screw and the threaded sleeve are threadedly engaged. An adjusting wheel is coaxially fixed at one end of the angle adjusting screw, and a large gear is coaxially fixed at one end of the angle adjusting screw.

[0010] The toe plate sliding mold structure as described above: The yaw assembly also includes a fixed plate and a rotating shaft. One end of the fixed plate is fixedly connected to the collar. The rotating shaft is rotatably disposed at the other end of the fixed plate along the length direction of the angle adjusting screw. A small gear that meshes with the large gear is coaxially fixedly disposed at one end of the rotating shaft. A driven bevel gear is coaxially fixed on the pin shaft, and a driving bevel gear that meshes with the driven bevel gear is coaxially fixed on the other end of the rotating shaft. A locking gear is coaxially fixed on the pin shaft.

[0011] The toe plate sliding mold structure as described above: The supporting assembly includes a support rod, a sliding plate, and a connecting rod. The middle part of the support rod is rotatably connected to the central axis of the hinge, and one end of the support rod is fixedly connected to the nose sill steel template. A slide rail is horizontally fixed on the embedded template, and the slide plate is slidably mounted on the slide rail. The two ends of the connecting rod are rotatably connected to the other ends of the slide plate and the support rod, respectively. A support toothed plate is horizontally fixed on the slide plate.

[0012] The toe plate sliding mold structure as described above: The locking mechanism includes a worm wheel and a worm that are rotatably mounted on the embedded template, and the worm wheel and the worm mesh with each other. A knob is coaxially fixed at one end of the worm. A transmission gear is coaxially fixed on the worm gear, and a movable toothed plate that meshes with the transmission gear is horizontally slidably arranged on the embedded template. An active trapezoidal block is fixedly arranged at one end of the movable toothed plate.

[0013] The toe plate sliding mold structure as described above: A rectangular slider is horizontally slidable on the embedded template. One end of the rectangular slider is fixedly provided with a secondary side retaining ring that cooperates with the main side retaining ring. A movable frame is horizontally slidable on the embedded template. The movable frame is fixedly connected to the movable toothed plate and the rectangular slider respectively via an L-shaped rod, and a locking rack that cooperates with the locking gear is fixedly installed on the movable frame.

[0014] The toe plate sliding mold structure as described above: The locking mechanism further includes a rectangular sliding column that is vertically slidably disposed on the embedded template. A driven trapezoidal block that cooperates with the active trapezoidal block is fixedly disposed at the top of the rectangular sliding column. The inclined surfaces of the active trapezoidal block and the driven trapezoidal block are in contact with each other. A locking toothed plate that cooperates with the support toothed plate is horizontally fixedly disposed at the bottom of the rectangular sliding column. A cylindrical base is vertically fixed on the embedded template. A sliding rod is slidably fitted on the bottom of the cylindrical base. The bottom of the sliding rod is fixedly connected to the locking tooth plate. A spring is installed inside the cylindrical base. The two ends of the spring abut against the inner bottom of the cylindrical base and the top of the sliding rod, respectively. When the knob is turned, the moving toothed plate will slide horizontally under the action of the worm gear, worm and transmission gear, thereby driving the secondary side toothed ring and the main side toothed ring to lock each other, the locking rack and the locking gear to lock each other, and the locking toothed plate and the supporting toothed plate to lock each other.

[0015] A method for regulating the construction of a hydropower station using the aforementioned toe plate slipform structure includes the following steps: Step 1: Assembly and initial positioning. Fix the outer formwork to the bedrock or pre-concrete surface to form a stationary slideway. Fit the inner formwork into the outer formwork, and then hinge the nose sill steel formwork to the front end of the inner formwork. Install the telescopic screw rod, angle adjustment screw rod, support components and locking mechanism in sequence to complete the overall assembly. Turn the handwheel and adjustment wheel to make the formwork cross-section at the minimum size and the nose sill inclination angle at the middle position. Then hoist the entire slipform structure to the design pile number to complete the initial positioning. Step 2: Steplessly adjust the cross-sectional dimensions. Turn the handwheel clockwise or counterclockwise, and the telescopic screw will screw in or out of the threaded ring, pushing the inner template to slide along the outer template. Observe the on-site layout line or scale markings. Stop rotating immediately when the cross-sectional width reaches the design value. The self-locking of the screw pair will take effect immediately, and the template length will be temporarily maintained. Step 3: Synchronously adjust the slope of the water-facing surface. Rotate the adjusting wheel, and the angle adjusting screw pulls or pushes the nose sill steel template through the deflection component, causing it to deflect around the hinge. The support rod moves accordingly and drives the slide plate to slide on the slide rail through the connecting rod. The triangular support automatically adapts to the new angle. When the slope meter or template shows that the inclination angle meets the design requirements, the rotation stops, the screw pair self-locking takes effect again, and the inclination angle of the nose sill steel template is temporarily maintained. Step 4: Locking to form a rigid cavity. Turn the locking mechanism knob clockwise. The worm gear drives the worm wheel and transmission gear to rotate at low speed. The moving toothed plate advances horizontally. The secondary side retaining ring meshes with the main side retaining ring. The telescopic screw is completely locked. The locking rack is inserted into the locking gear. The pin shaft cannot rotate. The oscillating component is rigidly fixed. The active trapezoidal block pushes the driven trapezoidal block. The locking toothed plate falls and meshes with the supporting toothed plate. The slide plate position is fixed. The supporting triangle remains rigid. The three locking mechanisms are completed simultaneously. The template system switches from an adjustable state to a rigid form. Concrete pouring, vibration, and curing are then carried out. The cross-sectional dimensions and slope remain constant throughout the construction process. After forming, rotating the knob in the opposite direction unlocks the formwork at once. The slipform structure can be slid as a whole to the next section for continued operation.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The sliding cooperation between the outer and inner formwork allows for stepless adjustment of dimensions. With the help of hinges and a tilting assembly, the nose-shaped steel formwork can flexibly deflect under the drive of the angle-adjusting screw, meeting the construction needs of different slopes. The telescopic screw and the angle-adjusting screw operate independently without interference, making the adjustment process simple and intuitive. The locking mechanism locks the telescopic screw, angle-adjusting screw, and support assembly all at once after the dimensions and angle are determined, completely eliminating the risk of displacement caused by subsequent vibration or accidental human intervention. The support assembly synchronously shares the load, reducing the load on the angle-adjusting screw and extending its service life. The overall structure is compact, requiring no repeated disassembly and assembly on site, allowing for rapid changes in cross-section and angle switching, improving construction efficiency and ensuring concrete forming accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the toe plate sliding formwork.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the toe plate sliding mold structure from another perspective.

[0019] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0022] Figure 6 This is another schematic diagram of the overall structure of the toe plate sliding mold structure.

[0023] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged view of point D in the middle.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a sectional view of the cylinder seat in the toe plate sliding mold structure.

[0025] Figure 9 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of point E in the middle.

[0026] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a portion of the toe plate sliding formwork structure.

[0027] Figure 11 This is a half-section schematic diagram of the overall structure of the toe plate sliding mold structure.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Outer template; 2. Inner template; 3. Nose sill steel template; 4. Hinge; 5. Telescopic screw rod; 6. Angle adjustment screw rod; 7. Threaded ring; 8. Main side retaining ring; 9. Handwheel; 10. Pin; 11. Collar; 12. Threaded sleeve; 13. Adjusting wheel; 14. Large gear; 15. Fixing plate; 16. Rotating shaft; 17. Small gear; 18. Driven bevel gear; 19. Driving bevel gear; 20. Locking gear; 21. Support rod 22. Slide plate; 23. Linkage rod; 24. Slide rail; 25. Support toothed plate; 26. Worm gear; 27. Worm; 28. Knob; 29. ​​Transmission gear; 30. Moving toothed plate; 31. Active trapezoidal block; 32. Rectangular slider; 33. Secondary side retaining ring; 34. Moving frame; 35. L-shaped rod; 36. Locking rack; 37. Rectangular sliding column; 38. Driven trapezoidal block; 39. Locking toothed plate; 40. Cylinder seat; 41. Slide rod; 42. Spring. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0030] Please see Figure 1-11 As an embodiment of the present invention, a toe plate sliding formwork structure includes an outer template 1, an inner template 2, and a nose sill steel template 3. The outer template 1 and the inner template 2 are slidably engaged with each other, and the nose sill steel template 3 is rotatably connected to the inner template 2 via a hinge 4. It also includes a telescopic lead screw 5 and an angle adjusting lead screw 6. The telescopic lead screw 5 cooperates with the outer template 1 and the inner template 2 through a size adjustment component. When the operator rotates the telescopic lead screw 5, the size adjustment component can drive the inner template 2 to slide horizontally relative to the outer template 1 to change the size. The angle adjusting screw 6 cooperates with the embedded template 2 and the nose sill steel template 3 through the deflection component. When the operator rotates the angle adjusting screw 6, the deflection component can drive the nose sill steel template 3 to deflect relative to the embedded template 2 to change the tilt angle. The embedded template 2 is equipped with a locking mechanism, and a support component is provided between the embedded template 2 and the nose sill steel template 3 to reduce the force on the angle adjustment screw 6. The locking mechanism cooperates with the telescopic screw 5, the angle adjustment screw 6 and the support component respectively. After the size and tilt angle are adjusted, the operator drives the locking mechanism to operate, and the locking mechanism can lock the telescopic screw 5, the angle adjustment screw 6 and the support component respectively.

[0031] In this embodiment, the operating logic of the entire sliding mode structure revolves around the adjustment and locking process, and can be divided into three parallel action chains that eventually converge. The first action chain is responsible for the cross-sectional expansion and contraction. The outer template 1 is fixed on the on-site support system to form a stationary slide. The inner template 2 is suspended from the telescopic screw 5 through the size adjustment component. When the operator rotates the telescopic screw 5, the spiral motion of the telescopic screw 5 is converted into a horizontal thrust by the size adjustment component, which pushes the inner template 2 to slide along the outer template 1. The total length of the template changes steplessly. After the expansion and contraction are in place, the locking mechanism immediately clamps the telescopic screw 5 to block its rotation and axial movement, so that the cross-sectional dimensions are rigidly fixed. The second action chain is responsible for adjusting the angle of the water-facing side. The nose sill steel template 3 is hinged to the front end of the embedded template 2 via the hinge 4 and can rotate around the horizontal axis. The angle adjustment screw 6 cooperates with the sway component. When the angle adjustment screw 6 is rotated, the angle adjustment screw 6 pulls or pushes the nose sill steel template 3 through the sway component, causing it to deflect around the hinge 4. The slope changes accordingly. After the angle is confirmed, the locking mechanism simultaneously clamps the angle adjustment screw 6 to suppress the springback of the hinge point and maintain the set tilt angle. The third action chain is force sharing and auxiliary locking. One end of the support component is hinged to the embedded template 2, and the other end abuts against the back of the nose sill steel template 3 after the angle is adjusted to form a triangular support, which directly transmits part of the concrete side pressure to the embedded template 2, thereby reducing the continuous load of the angle adjustment screw 6. The locking mechanism locks the hinge point of the support component in the final process to ensure that the support length remains unchanged and prevents the unloading of force from loosening due to vibration or accidental contact. The three action chains converge at the adjustment completion point, and the locking mechanism can simultaneously lock the telescopic screw 5, the angle adjustment screw 6 and the support component with one action, so that the formwork system switches from an adjustable state to a rigid form. Subsequent vibration, pouring and personnel interference cannot change the set cross-sectional dimensions and inclination angle, achieving dual stability of dimensions and slope.

[0032] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the size adjustment assembly includes a threaded ring 7 and a main side retaining ring 8, wherein the threaded ring 7 is fixedly disposed on the outer template 1; One end of the telescopic screw 5 is rotatably mounted on the embedded template 2, and the telescopic screw 5 and the threaded ring 7 are threadedly engaged. The main side retaining ring 8 is coaxially fixedly mounted on one end of the telescopic screw 5, and a handwheel 9 is coaxially fixedly mounted on the other end of the telescopic screw 5.

[0033] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4The outer template 1 remains stationary at the construction site, with a threaded ring 7 fixed at its end, which is equivalent to a fixed nut. The telescopic screw 5 passes through the threaded ring 7, and the two form a pair of helical pairs. The end of the telescopic screw 5 near the inner template 2 is radially constrained, and can only rotate but not move axially. Therefore, a rotating hinge is formed between the telescopic screw 5 and the inner template 2. The handwheel 9 is coaxially fixed to the extended end of the telescopic screw 5, becoming the only point of force application for the operator. When the handwheel 9 is turned clockwise or counterclockwise, it drives the telescopic screw 5 to rotate synchronously. Since the threaded ring 7 is fixed, the rotational motion of the telescopic screw 5 is immediately converted into axial displacement relative to the threaded ring 7. The axial displacement of the telescopic screw 5 directly pushes or pulls the inner template 2, causing the inner template 2 to slide horizontally along the slide of the outer template 1. The total length of the template increases or decreases accordingly. Once the handwheel 9 stops rotating, the self-locking characteristic of the screw pair immediately takes effect. The friction between the threaded ring 7 and the telescopic screw 5 prevents any reverse loosening. The inner template 2 is rigidly held in the new position, realizing stepless, reversible, and dimension adjustment without the need for additional locking pins.

[0034] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the swaying assembly includes a pin 10, a collar 11 and a threaded sleeve 12, wherein two pins 10 are provided and are respectively rotatably mounted on the embedded template 2 and the nose sill steel template 3. The collar 11 and the threaded sleeve 12 are rotatably connected to the two pins 10 respectively, and the collar 11 is close to the inner template 2; One end of the angle adjusting screw 6 is rotatably connected to the collar 11, and the angle adjusting screw 6 and the threaded sleeve 12 are threadedly engaged with each other. An adjusting wheel 13 is coaxially fixed at the other end of the angle adjusting screw 6, and a large gear 14 is coaxially fixed at one end of the angle adjusting screw 6. The yaw assembly also includes a fixed plate 15 and a rotating shaft 16. One end of the fixed plate 15 is fixedly connected to the collar 11. The rotating shaft 16 is rotatably disposed at the other end of the fixed plate 15 along the length direction of the angle adjusting screw 6. A small gear 17 that meshes with the large gear 14 is coaxially fixedly disposed at one end of the rotating shaft 16. A driven bevel gear 18 is coaxially fixed on the pin 10, and a driving bevel gear 19 that meshes with the driven bevel gear 18 is coaxially fixed on the other end of the rotating shaft 16. A locking gear 20 is coaxially fixed on the pin 10.

[0035] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The entire assembly is pivoted on two pins 10, one on the embedded template 2 and the other on the nose sill steel template 3. The collar 11 and the threaded sleeve 12 are rotatably mounted on these two pins 10, and can rotate freely, forming two joints. The angle adjusting screw 6 passes through the collar 11 and the threaded sleeve 12. The optical shaft section of the angle adjusting screw 6 is supported by the collar 11 and can only rotate. The threaded section cooperates with the threaded sleeve 12 to form a helical pair. The adjusting wheel 13 is fixed to the outer end of the angle adjusting screw 6, becoming the only entry point for manual operation. When the adjusting wheel 13 drives the angle adjusting screw 6 to rotate, the screw pair converts the rotation into the linear displacement of the threaded sleeve 12. Since the threaded sleeve 12 is hinged to the nose sill steel template 3 through the pin 10, and the collar 11 is hinged to the inner template 2 through the pin 10, the distance between the inner template 2 and the nose sill steel template 3 shortens or lengthens with the angle adjusting screw 6, and the nose sill steel template 3 is forced to deflect around the hinge 4, and the tilt angle changes accordingly. While the angle adjusting screw 6 rotates, the large gear 14, which is fixed to the same optical shaft section, rotates synchronously. The large gear 14 drives the small gear 17, causing the rotating shaft 16 to rotate at an increased speed within the fixed plate 15. The driving bevel gear 19 at the tail end of the rotating shaft 16 rotates accordingly, driving the driven bevel gear 18, which is fixed to the pin shaft 10, to generate additional torque on the pin shaft 10. Since the pin shaft 10 is in rotational engagement with the collar 11 and the threaded sleeve 12, this additional torque will not interfere with normal sway and is prepared for locking. When the angle is set, the operator stops rotating, and the helical pair self-locks to prevent the angle adjusting screw 6 from reversing. At this time, if the external locking device is activated, the locking gear 20 is wedged, and the pin shaft 10 cannot rotate. The collar 11, the threaded sleeve 12, the angle adjusting screw 6, the rotating shaft 16, and the bevel gear set all form a rigid closed loop, and the nose sill steel template 3 is completely fixed. Subsequent vibration or external force can no longer change its inclination angle.

[0036] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the supporting component includes a support rod 21, a sliding plate 22 and a connecting rod 23. The middle part of the support rod 21 is rotatably connected to the central axis of the hinge 4, and one end of the support rod 21 is fixedly connected to the nose sill steel template 3. The embedded template 2 is horizontally fixed with a slide rail 24, the slide plate 22 is slidably mounted on the slide rail 24, the two ends of the connecting rod 23 are rotatably connected to the slide plate 22 and the other end of the support rod 21, respectively, and the slide plate 22 is horizontally fixed with a support tooth plate 25.

[0037] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 7 and Figure 9The middle of the support rod 21 is hinged to the central axis of the hinge 4, one end is fixed to the side wall of the nose sill steel template 3, and the other end becomes the movable end. The side wall of the embedded template 2 is horizontally laid with a slide rail 24, and the slide plate 22 is embedded in the slide rail 24 and can slide freely along the length of the embedded template 2. The two ends of the connecting rod 23 are respectively hinged to the slide plate 22 and the movable end of the support rod 21, forming a variable triangle. When the nose sill steel formwork 3 deflects around the hinge 4, the support rod 21 swings synchronously. Its movable end pushes and pulls the slide plate 22 through the connecting rod 23, so that the slide plate 22 slides horizontally on the slide rail 24. The included angle of the two sides of the triangle changes accordingly, but the length of the connecting rod 23 and the length of the support rod 21 remain unchanged. The geometric relationship automatically adapts to the new tilt angle. The support tooth plate 25 on the slide plate 22 moves with the slide plate 22 and engages with the external locking mechanism after the angle is determined. The position of the slide plate 22 is instantly fixed. At this time, the support rod 21, the connecting rod 23, the slide rail 24 and the embedded formwork 2 form a rigid triangle. The concrete lateral pressure on the nose sill steel formwork 3 is directly transmitted to the slide rail 24 through the support rod 21 and the connecting rod 23, and then diffused to the body of the embedded formwork 2 by the slide rail 24. The angle adjusting screw 6 no longer bears the bending moment and thrust alone, realizing a lasting unloading.

[0038] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the locking mechanism includes a worm wheel 26 and a worm 27 respectively rotatably disposed on the embedded template 2, and the worm wheel 26 and the worm 27 mesh with each other, and a knob 28 is coaxially fixedly disposed at one end of the worm 27; A transmission gear 29 is coaxially fixed on the worm gear 26, and a movable toothed plate 30 that meshes with the transmission gear 29 is horizontally slidably disposed on the embedded template 2. An active trapezoidal block 31 is fixedly disposed at one end of the movable toothed plate 30. A rectangular slider 32 is horizontally slidably arranged on the embedded template 2. One end of the rectangular slider 32 is fixedly provided with a secondary side toothed ring 33 that cooperates with the main side toothed ring 8. A movable frame 34 is horizontally slidably arranged on the embedded template 2. The movable frame 34 is fixedly connected to the movable toothed plate 30 and the rectangular slider 32 respectively via L-shaped rods 35. A locking rack 36 that cooperates with the locking gear 20 is fixedly provided on the movable frame 34. The locking mechanism further includes a rectangular sliding column 37 that is vertically slidably disposed on the embedded template 2. The top of the rectangular sliding column 37 is fixedly disposed with a driven trapezoidal block 38 that cooperates with the active trapezoidal block 31. The inclined surfaces of the active trapezoidal block 31 and the driven trapezoidal block 38 are in contact with each other. The bottom of the rectangular sliding column 37 is horizontally fixedly disposed with a locking toothed plate 39 that cooperates with the support toothed plate 25. A cylindrical base 40 is vertically fixed on the embedded template 2. A sliding rod 41 is slidably fitted on the bottom of the cylindrical base 40. The bottom of the sliding rod 41 is fixedly connected to the locking tooth plate 39. A spring 42 is provided inside the cylindrical base 40. The two ends of the spring 42 abut against the inner bottom of the cylindrical base 40 and the top of the sliding rod 41, respectively. When the knob 28 is turned, the movable toothed plate 30 will slide horizontally under the action of the worm gear 26, the worm 27 and the transmission gear 29, thereby driving the secondary side retaining ring 33 and the main side retaining ring 8 to lock each other, the locking rack 36 and the locking gear 20 to lock each other, and the locking toothed plate 39 and the supporting toothed plate 25 to lock each other.

[0039] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The locking mechanism uses knob 28 as the only entry point. Through the deceleration and force amplification of worm gear 26 and worm 27 and the reversing action of trapezoidal inclined plane, a single rotation action is simultaneously divided into three locking mechanisms, which respectively fix the telescopic, swaying and support systems, thus achieving "locking with a single turn". The knob 28 is coaxially fixed to the worm 27, the worm 27 meshes with the worm wheel 26, and the transmission gear 29 is coaxially mounted on the back of the worm wheel 26. When the knob 28 is rotated, the worm 27 drives the worm wheel 26 to rotate at a low speed, and the transmission gear 29 rotates synchronously and drives the moving toothed plate 30 to slide in the horizontal direction. The moving toothed plate 30 simultaneously pulls the rectangular slider 32 and the moving frame 34 through the L-shaped rod 35 to form a rigid linkage. The first locking mechanism is completed by the rectangular slider 32. The front end of the rectangular slider 32 is fixed with a secondary side locking ring 33. When the rectangular slider 32 is pushed towards the telescopic screw 5 by the L-shaped rod 35, the secondary side locking ring 33 engages with the main side locking ring 8, and the rotation and axial displacement of the telescopic screw 5 are immediately blocked, thus locking the size adjustment system. The second locking mechanism is completed by the movable frame 34. The movable frame 34 is fixedly equipped with a locking rack 36, which moves synchronously with the movable gear plate 30. The locking rack 36 is inserted into the tooth groove of the locking gear 20, the pin shaft 10 cannot rotate, the sway assembly is rigidly fixed, and the inclination angle of the nose sill steel template 3 remains unchanged. The third locking mechanism is achieved by reversing the inclined plane. An active trapezoidal block 31 is fixed at the tail end of the moving toothed plate 30, and its inclined plane is in contact with the driven trapezoidal block 38. When the moving toothed plate 30 is pushed horizontally, the inclined plane forces the driven trapezoidal block 38 to move down, which drives the rectangular slide column 37 to slide down vertically. The locking toothed plate 39 at the bottom of the rectangular slide column 37 falls down and engages with the support toothed plate 25 on the slide plate 22. The position of the slide plate 22 is locked, the supporting triangle cannot extend or retract, and the supporting component maintains rigid support. Spring 42 is pre-compressed inside cylinder seat 40 and continuously pushes the locking tooth plate 39 upward through slide rod 41 to ensure that the inclined surface is always in contact and eliminate gaps. When unlocking is required, rotate knob 28 in the opposite direction. Under the double protection of spring 42 and worm gear 26 and worm 27 self-locking, each component is smoothly reset, the three locks are released at the same time, and the system returns to the adjustable state.

[0040] A method for regulating the construction of a hydropower station using the aforementioned toe plate slipform structure includes the following steps: Step 1: Assembly and initial positioning. Fix the outer formwork to the bedrock or pre-concrete surface to form a stationary slideway. Fit the inner formwork into the outer formwork, and then hinge the nose sill steel formwork to the front end of the inner formwork. Install the telescopic screw rod, angle adjustment screw rod, support components and locking mechanism in sequence to complete the overall assembly. Turn the handwheel and adjustment wheel to make the formwork cross-section at the minimum size and the nose sill inclination angle at the middle position. Then hoist the entire slipform structure to the design pile number to complete the initial positioning. Step 2: Steplessly adjust the cross-sectional dimensions. Turn the handwheel clockwise or counterclockwise, and the telescopic screw will screw in or out of the threaded ring, pushing the inner template to slide along the outer template. Observe the on-site layout line or scale markings. Stop rotating immediately when the cross-sectional width reaches the design value. The self-locking of the screw pair will take effect immediately, and the template length will be temporarily maintained. Step 3: Synchronously adjust the slope of the water-facing surface. Rotate the adjusting wheel, and the angle adjusting screw pulls or pushes the nose sill steel template through the deflection component, causing it to deflect around the hinge. The support rod moves accordingly and drives the slide plate to slide on the slide rail through the connecting rod. The triangular support automatically adapts to the new angle. When the slope meter or template shows that the inclination angle meets the design requirements, the rotation stops, the screw pair self-locking takes effect again, and the inclination angle of the nose sill steel template is temporarily maintained. Step 4: Locking to form a rigid cavity. Turn the locking mechanism knob clockwise. The worm gear drives the worm wheel and transmission gear to rotate at low speed. The moving toothed plate advances horizontally. The secondary side retaining ring meshes with the main side retaining ring. The telescopic screw is completely locked. The locking rack is inserted into the locking gear. The pin shaft cannot rotate. The oscillating component is rigidly fixed. The active trapezoidal block pushes the driven trapezoidal block. The locking toothed plate falls and meshes with the supporting toothed plate. The slide plate position is fixed. The supporting triangle remains rigid. The three locking mechanisms are completed simultaneously. The template system switches from an adjustable state to a rigid form. Concrete pouring, vibration, and curing are then carried out. The cross-sectional dimensions and slope remain constant throughout the construction process. After forming, rotating the knob in the opposite direction unlocks the formwork at once. The slipform structure can be slid as a whole to the next section for continued operation.

[0041] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0042] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A toe plate slipform structure, comprising an outer template (1), an inner template (2), and a nose sill steel template (3), characterized in that, The outer template (1) and the inner template (2) slide together, and the nose sill steel template (3) is rotatably connected to the inner template (2) via a hinge (4); It also includes a telescopic lead screw (5) and an angle adjusting lead screw (6). The telescopic lead screw (5) cooperates with the outer template (1) and the inner template (2) through a size adjustment component. When the operator rotates the telescopic lead screw (5), the size adjustment component can drive the inner template (2) to slide horizontally relative to the outer template (1) to change the size. The angle adjustment screw (6) cooperates with the embedded template (2) and the nose sill steel template (3) through the deflection component. When the operator rotates the angle adjustment screw (6), the deflection component can drive the nose sill steel template (3) to deflect relative to the embedded template (2) to change the tilt angle. The embedded template (2) is provided with a locking mechanism, and a support component is provided between the embedded template (2) and the nose sill steel template (3) to reduce the force on the angle adjustment screw (6). The locking mechanism cooperates with the telescopic screw (5), the angle adjustment screw (6) and the support component respectively. After the size and tilt angle are adjusted, the operator drives the locking mechanism to run. The locking mechanism can lock the telescopic screw (5), the angle adjustment screw (6) and the support component respectively.

2. The toe plate sliding mold structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The size adjustment assembly includes a threaded ring (7) and a main side retaining ring (8), wherein the threaded ring (7) is fixedly mounted on the outer template (1); One end of the telescopic screw (5) is rotatably mounted on the embedded template (2), and the telescopic screw (5) and the threaded ring (7) are threaded together. The main side retaining ring (8) is coaxially fixedly mounted on one end of the telescopic screw (5), and the other end of the telescopic screw (5) is coaxially fixedly mounted with a handwheel (9).

3. The toe plate sliding mold structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sway assembly includes a pin (10), a collar (11), and a threaded sleeve (12). The pin (10) is configured as two and is rotatably mounted on the inner template (2) and the nose sill steel template (3), respectively. The collar (11) and the threaded sleeve (12) are rotatably connected to the two pins (10), and the collar (11) is close to the inner template (2).

4. The toe plate sliding mold structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of the angle adjusting screw (6) is rotatably connected to the collar (11), and the angle adjusting screw (6) and the threaded sleeve (12) are threadedly engaged with each other; An adjusting wheel (13) is coaxially fixed at one end of the angle adjusting screw (6), and a large gear (14) is coaxially fixed at one end of the angle adjusting screw (6).

5. The toe plate sliding mold structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The yaw assembly also includes a fixed plate (15) and a rotating shaft (16). One end of the fixed plate (15) is fixedly connected to the collar (11). The rotating shaft (16) is rotatably disposed at the other end of the fixed plate (15) along the length direction of the angle adjusting screw (6). One end of the rotating shaft (16) is coaxially fixedly provided with a small gear (17) that meshes with the large gear (14). A driven bevel gear (18) is coaxially fixed on the pin (10), and a driving bevel gear (19) that meshes with the driven bevel gear (18) is coaxially fixed on the other end of the rotating shaft (16). A locking gear (20) is coaxially fixed on the pin (10).

6. The toe plate sliding mold structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The supporting assembly includes a support rod (21), a sliding plate (22), and a connecting rod (23). The middle part of the support rod (21) is rotatably connected to the central axis of the hinge (4), and one end of the support rod (21) is fixedly connected to the nose sill steel template (3). The embedded template (2) is horizontally fixed with a slide rail (24), the slide plate (22) is slidably mounted on the slide rail (24), the two ends of the connecting rod (23) are rotatably connected to the other end of the slide plate (22) and the support rod (21) respectively, and the slide plate (22) is horizontally fixed with a support tooth plate (25).

7. A toe plate sliding mold structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The locking mechanism includes a worm wheel (26) and a worm (27) respectively rotatably mounted on the embedded template (2), and the worm wheel (26) and the worm (27) mesh with each other, and a knob (28) is coaxially fixed at one end of the worm (27). A transmission gear (29) is coaxially fixed on the worm gear (26), and a movable toothed plate (30) that meshes with the transmission gear (29) is horizontally slidably arranged on the embedded template (2). An active trapezoidal block (31) is fixedly arranged at one end of the movable toothed plate (30).

8. The toe plate sliding mold structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, A rectangular slider (32) is horizontally slidably arranged on the embedded template (2). A secondary side toothed ring (33) that cooperates with the main side toothed ring (8) is fixedly arranged at one end of the rectangular slider (32). A movable frame (34) is horizontally slidably arranged on the embedded template (2). The movable frame (34) is fixedly connected to the movable toothed plate (30) and the rectangular slider (32) respectively via an L-shaped rod (35). A locking rack (36) that cooperates with the locking gear (20) is fixedly provided on the movable frame (34).

9. A toe plate sliding mold structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The locking mechanism further includes a rectangular slide column (37) that is vertically slidably disposed on the embedded template (2). The top of the rectangular slide column (37) is fixedly disposed with a driven trapezoidal block (38) that cooperates with the active trapezoidal block (31). The inclined surfaces of the active trapezoidal block (31) and the driven trapezoidal block (38) are in contact with each other. The bottom of the rectangular slide column (37) is horizontally fixedly disposed with a locking toothed plate (39) that cooperates with the support toothed plate (25). A cylindrical base (40) is vertically fixed on the embedded template (2). A sliding rod (41) is slidably fitted on the bottom of the cylindrical base (40). The bottom of the sliding rod (41) is fixedly connected to the locking tooth plate (39). A spring (42) is provided inside the cylindrical base (40). The two ends of the spring (42) abut against the inner bottom of the cylindrical base (40) and the top of the sliding rod (41), respectively. When the knob (28) is turned, the moving toothed plate (30) will slide horizontally under the action of the worm gear (26), worm (27) and transmission gear (29), thereby driving the secondary side retaining ring (33) and the main side retaining ring (8) to lock each other, the locking rack (36) and the locking gear (20) to lock each other, and the locking toothed plate (39) and the supporting toothed plate (25) to lock each other.

10. A method for adjusting the construction of a hydropower station using the toe plate slipform structure according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Assembly and initial positioning. Fix the outer formwork to the bedrock or pre-concrete surface to form a stationary slideway. Fit the inner formwork into the outer formwork, and then hinge the nose sill steel formwork to the front end of the inner formwork. Install the telescopic screw rod, angle adjustment screw rod, support components and locking mechanism in sequence to complete the overall assembly. Turn the handwheel and adjustment wheel to make the formwork cross-section at the minimum size and the nose sill inclination angle at the middle position. Then hoist the entire slipform structure to the design pile number to complete the initial positioning. Step 2: Steplessly adjust the cross-sectional dimensions. Turn the handwheel clockwise or counterclockwise, and the telescopic screw will screw in or out of the threaded ring, pushing the inner template to slide along the outer template. Observe the on-site layout line or scale markings. Stop rotating immediately when the cross-sectional width reaches the design value. The self-locking of the screw pair will take effect immediately, and the template length will be temporarily maintained. Step 3: Synchronously adjust the slope of the water-facing surface. Rotate the adjusting wheel, and the angle adjusting screw pulls or pushes the nose sill steel template through the deflection component, causing it to deflect around the hinge. The support rod moves accordingly and drives the slide plate to slide on the slide rail through the connecting rod. The triangular support automatically adapts to the new angle. When the slope meter or template shows that the inclination angle meets the design requirements, the rotation stops, the screw pair self-locking takes effect again, and the inclination angle of the nose sill steel template is temporarily maintained. Step 4: Locking to form a rigid cavity. Turn the locking mechanism knob clockwise. The worm gear drives the worm wheel and transmission gear to rotate at low speed. The moving toothed plate advances horizontally. The secondary side retaining ring meshes with the main side retaining ring. The telescopic screw is completely locked. The locking rack is inserted into the locking gear. The pin shaft cannot rotate. The oscillating component is rigidly fixed. The active trapezoidal block pushes the driven trapezoidal block. The locking toothed plate falls and meshes with the supporting toothed plate. The slide plate position is fixed. The supporting triangle remains rigid. The three locking mechanisms are completed simultaneously. The template system switches from an adjustable state to a rigid form. Concrete pouring, vibration, and curing are then carried out. The cross-sectional dimensions and slope remain constant throughout the construction process. After forming, rotating the knob in the opposite direction unlocks the formwork at once. The slipform structure can be slid as a whole to the next section for continued operation.

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