Uniform overflow device suitable for physical model test
By designing a fluid delivery device and a uniform overflow device for the overflow plate, the problem of difficulty in adjusting the relationship between flow rate and water level in traditional facilities was solved, realizing uniform fluid overflow and flexible adjustment of boundary parameters, thus improving the flexibility and efficiency of physical model tests.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-14
AI Technical Summary
Traditional fixed overflow weirs or pipeline facilities are difficult to adjust the relationship between flow rate and water level, resulting in low flexibility and efficiency of physical model tests, which cannot meet the needs of dynamic research.
A uniform overflow device comprising a fluid conveying device, a buffer tank, and an overflow plate was designed. By adjusting the angle of the overflow plate and the conveying capacity of the fluid conveying device, uniform fluid overflow can be achieved to meet the test conditions of different boundary states.
It achieves uniform fluid overflow, enables rapid adjustment of overflow boundary parameters, provides stable and flexible boundary condition data support, and improves the efficiency of physical model test correction and optimization.
Smart Images
Figure CN121855819A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of experimental equipment technology, and in particular to a uniform overflow device suitable for physical model experiments. Background Technology
[0002] Physical model testing is a key technical means for research, verification, and prediction in engineering fields such as hydraulics, oceanography, and the environment. Accurately simulating boundary conditions, especially boundary flow rates, is fundamental to ensuring the accuracy and reliability of test results. However, traditional fixed overflow weirs or pipelines have a fixed flow-to-water-level relationship, making them difficult to adjust once constructed. When test schemes need optimization or the operating conditions change, this inherent physical structure becomes a major bottleneck restricting the flexibility and efficiency of the test.
[0003] In practical scientific research and engineering, the research process is often dynamic, frequently requiring precise adjustments to the boundary flows of a particular point in the model based on preliminary experimental results. However, limitations imposed by the model's construction cycle, the spatial structure of the experimental site, and the time and economic costs of modifications make short-term modifications to existing physical models and their associated facilities extremely difficult or even impossible. This contradiction between "model fixation" and "dynamic demand" severely hinders the rapid correction and debugging of experimental conditions, impacting the depth and efficiency of scientific research. These problems urgently need to be addressed. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This invention discloses a uniform overflow device suitable for physical model experiments, aiming to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art.
[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a uniform overflow device suitable for physical model testing, comprising a fluid delivery device, a buffer tank, and an overflow plate; the fluid delivery device is used to inject test fluid into the buffer tank; the bottom surface of the buffer tank is provided with a drain hole; the overflow plate is disposed on the bottom surface of the buffer tank, and one side is hinged to the bottom surface of the buffer tank, so that it can rotate between a position that fits against the bottom surface of the buffer tank and blocks the drain hole and a position that forms an angle with the bottom surface of the buffer tank; the surface of the overflow plate facing the bottom surface of the buffer tank has an overflow groove; one side wall of the overflow groove is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the overflow plate and is the overflow outlet side, and the fluid flowing out through the overflow groove flows into the liquid surface at the boundary of the model.
[0006] In the uniform overflow device suitable for physical model tests of the present invention, a plurality of drainage through holes are included; the plurality of drainage through holes are equally spaced along the extension direction of the overflow plate axis.
[0007] In the uniform overflow device of the present invention suitable for physical model testing, the drain hole is located near the overflow plate shaft.
[0008] The uniform overflow device for physical model testing of the present invention also includes a support; the support is used to install the buffer tank and can adjust the lowest end of the overflow plate to be 5-10 cm higher than the liquid surface at the model boundary during overflow.
[0009] In the uniform overflow device for physical model testing of the present invention, the support includes a main body and a plurality of adjustable legs; the main body is used to install the buffer groove; the plurality of adjustable legs are disposed on the bottom surface of the main body, jointly supporting the main body, and the length of each adjustable leg is adjustable.
[0010] In the uniform overflow device of the present invention applicable to physical model tests, the overflow trough is a square trough with a depth of 2-3 cm, a length-to-width ratio of 1-2, and a length equal to the test boundary length.
[0011] The uniform overflow device for physical model testing of the present invention includes a plurality of fluid delivery devices; the plurality of fluid delivery devices are spaced apart along the extension direction of the overflow plate shaft.
[0012] The uniform overflow device for physical model testing of the present invention further includes an angle adjustment component, a controller, and multiple flow rate measuring elements; the angle adjustment component is used to adjust the angle between the overflow plate and the bottom surface of the buffer tank, and is connected to the controller; multiple flow rate measuring elements are spaced apart along the outflow side wall of the overflow tank, used to measure the fluid flow rate at different outlet positions, and each flow rate measuring element is connected to the controller; the controller is connected to the fluid conveying device to adjust the conveying capacity of the flow rate measuring elements and / or adjust the angle between the overflow plate and the bottom surface of the buffer tank through the flow rate measuring elements, so that the measured values of each flow rate measuring element are consistent.
[0013] In the uniform overflow device of the present invention suitable for physical model tests, the width of the inner side of the buffer tank is greater than or equal to... Where Q is the experimental boundary flow rate, T is the buffer time (1-2 min), B is the length of the buffer tank (B = experimental boundary length + m), and H is the depth of the buffer tank (0.2-0.4 m).
[0014] In the uniform overflow device for physical model testing of the present invention, the fluid delivery device is a variable frequency pump.
[0015] The technical solution adopted in this invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a uniform overflow device suitable for physical model experiments. It utilizes a fluid delivery device to feed fluid into a buffer tank, where the fluid is initially buffered. The fluid is then discharged through a drain hole at the bottom of the buffer tank to an overflow plate, which disperses the fluid, preventing concentration or deviation. The dispersed fluid is further buffered and dispersed by the overflow tank, achieving uniform overflow. By adjusting the angle of the overflow plate and the delivery rate of the fluid delivery device, different overflow boundary states (such as flow velocity) can be achieved, thereby obtaining overflow boundary parameters under different boundary states. This allows for the adjustment and switching of overflow boundary test conditions, providing stable and flexible boundary condition data support for the correction and optimization of physical model experiments. Attached Figure Description
[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, forming part of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a uniform overflow device suitable for physical model experiments according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer groove of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bracket of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overflow channel of the present invention.
[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Fluid conveying equipment; 2. Buffer tank; 21. Drainage through hole; 3. Overflow plate; 31. Overflow trough; 311. First tank wall; 312. Tank body; 3121. First arc-shaped part; 3122. Second arc-shaped part; 313. Elastic sheet; 4. Support; 41. Main body; 42. Adjustable support leg; 5. Angle adjustment assembly; 6. Controller; 7. Flow rate measuring element. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the term "or" is generally used to include the meaning of "and / or," unless otherwise expressly indicated.
[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or a magnetic connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0020] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0021] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this application provides a uniform overflow device suitable for physical model experiments.
[0022] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a uniform overflow device suitable for physical model testing includes a fluid delivery device 1, a buffer tank 2, and an overflow plate 3. The fluid delivery device 1 is used to inject test fluid, such as water, into the buffer tank 2. A drain hole 21 is provided on the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2. The overflow plate 3 is disposed on the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2, and one side is hinged to the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2 so that it can rotate between a position that fits against the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2 and blocks the drain hole 21 and a position that forms an angle with the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2. The surface of the overflow plate 3 facing the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2 has an overflow groove 31. One side wall of the overflow groove 31 is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the overflow plate 3 and is the overflow outlet side. The fluid flowing out through the overflow groove 31 flows into the liquid surface at the boundary of the model.
[0023] This invention provides a uniform overflow device suitable for physical model testing. It utilizes a fluid delivery device to feed fluid into a buffer tank, where the fluid is initially buffered. The fluid is then discharged through a drain hole at the bottom of the buffer tank to an overflow plate, which disperses the fluid, preventing concentration or deviation. The dispersed fluid is further buffered and dispersed by the overflow trough, achieving uniform overflow. By adjusting the angle of the overflow plate and the delivery rate of the fluid delivery device, different overflow boundary states (such as flow velocity) can be achieved, thereby obtaining overflow boundary parameters under different boundary states. This allows for the adjustment and switching of overflow boundary test conditions, providing stable and flexible boundary condition data support for the correction and optimization of physical model testing. Furthermore, adjusting the angle of the overflow plate can adjust the fluid terminal velocity to match the required boundary flow velocity. Combined with the overflow trough, this achieves a uniform fluid output with the required flow velocity.
[0024] In some preferred embodiments, a plurality of drainage holes 21 are included; the plurality of drainage holes 21 are equally spaced along the extension direction of the overflow plate 3. Based on this, the dispersion of fluid flowing from the buffer tank 2 onto the overflow plate 3 is improved, and the water volume distribution from the tank to the overflow plate 3 is kept consistent to improve the uniformity of the flow.
[0025] Preferably, the diameter of the drain hole 21 is 5cm, and the distance between adjacent drain holes 21 (the minimum distance between the edges of the holes) is 15-20cm; under this condition, it is more conducive to the dispersion and falling of fluid.
[0026] Preferably, the drain hole 21 is positioned near the pivot of the overflow plate 3. Based on this, on the one hand, the distance between the drain hole 21 and the overflow plate 3 is reduced, thereby reducing the impact force of the fluid falling onto the overflow plate 3 and thus reducing the influence on the flow of the fluid on the overflow plate 3. On the other hand, the distance the fluid travels on the overflow plate 3 is increased, so that the fluid is fully dispersed and the uniformity is improved.
[0027] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, it also includes a bracket 4; the bracket 4 is used to install the buffer tank 2 and can adjust the lowest end of the overflow plate 3 to be 5-10cm higher than the liquid surface at the model boundary during overflow; to ensure that the fluid has a low potential energy when it flows out of the overflow plate 3 and enters the model boundary area, reducing the disturbance to the model flow field, allowing the fluid to enter the test area smoothly, providing initial conditions for flow velocity uniformity, and adapting to water level changes under different test conditions.
[0028] Preferably, the support 4 includes a main body 41 and multiple adjustable legs 42; the main body 41 is used to install the buffer tank 2; the multiple adjustable legs 42 are disposed on the bottom surface of the main body 41, jointly supporting the main body 41, and the length of each adjustable leg 42 is adjustable; based on this, the height of the overflow plate 3 can be adjusted to ensure that the lowest end of the overflow plate 3 is 5-10cm higher than the liquid surface at the model boundary, and the flow rate at each outlet position of the overflow plate 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the length of the adjustable legs 42 to achieve a consistent flow rate at each position. More preferably, the main body 41 is a square frame, and the buffer tank 2 is installed inside the frame.
[0029] Preferably, the adjustable support leg 42 can be a manually operated telescopic rod with positioning function or an electric telescopic rod, or a structure with a motor and gear rack, as long as the length can be adjusted, it is not limited here.
[0030] In some preferred embodiments, the overflow trough 31 is a square trough with a depth of 2-3 cm, a length-to-width ratio of 1-2, and a length equal to the boundary length of the physical model test. Based on this, the requirements for energy dissipation, flow stabilization, and flow velocity regulation can be met.
[0031] Specifically, the length of the square groove is equal to the width of the test boundary.
[0032] In some preferred embodiments, a plurality of fluid conveying devices 1 are included; the plurality of fluid conveying devices 1 are spaced apart along the extension direction of the overflow plate 3; based on the spaced distribution of the plurality of fluid conveying devices 1, the uniformity of fluid flowing into the buffer tank 2 is improved, and a wide range of flow rate adjustment is achieved.
[0033] Specifically, the number N of fluid transport devices 1 is determined by the following formula: Where Q is the overflow head flow rate, which is consistent with the experimental boundary flow rate and is set according to requirements; Q p,max The maximum operating flow rate of the selected pump is N, which is a positive integer.
[0034] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, it also includes an angle adjustment component 5, a controller 6, and multiple flow rate measuring elements 7; the angle adjustment component 5 is used to adjust the angle between the overflow plate 3 and the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2, and is connected to the controller 6; multiple flow rate measuring elements 7 are spaced along the outflow side wall of the overflow tank 31, used to measure the fluid flow rate at different outlet positions, and each flow rate measuring element 7 is connected to the controller 6; the controller 6 is connected to the fluid conveying device 1, so as to adjust the conveying capacity of the fluid conveying device 1 and / or adjust the angle between the overflow plate 3 and the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2 based on the measured values of each flow rate measuring element 7, so that the measured values of each flow rate measuring element 7 are consistent; based on this, automatic adjustment of flow rate is realized, making flow rate control more accurate.
[0035] Preferably, controller 6 is a PLC controller.
[0036] Preferably, the flow rate measuring element 7 can be a propeller flow rate meter, model ZSX-II.
[0037] Preferably, if the deviation between the measured values of multiple flow rate measuring elements 7 is greater than 10%, the angle of the overflow plate 3 can be adjusted first, or the angle of the overflow plate 3 and the conveying capacity of the fluid conveying device 1 can be adjusted. When the adjustable support leg 42 is used, the length of each adjustable support leg 42 can be adjusted first. A baffle plate can also be set to block the drain hole 21.
[0038] In some preferred embodiments, the angle adjustment component 5 includes a flexible rope 51 and a motor 52; the motor 52 is fixed on the outer side of the buffer groove 2, one end of the flexible rope 51 is wound around the shaft of the motor 52, and the other end is fixed on the overflow plate 3. The angle of the overflow plate 3 can be adjusted by the motor 52 winding or releasing the flexible rope 51.
[0039] In some preferred embodiments, the width of the inner side of the buffer groove 2 is greater than or equal to Where Q is the experimental boundary flow rate, T is the buffer time (1-2 min), B is the length of buffer tank 2 (B = experimental boundary length + 0.1-0.2 m), and H is the depth of buffer tank 2 (0.2-0.4 m).
[0040] In some preferred embodiments, the fluid conveying device 1 is a variable frequency pump; thus, the flow rate of the conveyed fluid is adjusted by controlling the rotational speed of the variable frequency pump.
[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the buffer tank 2 is a square tank formed by combining aluminum plates and angle steel, with an open structure at the top and a drainage through hole 21 on the bottom plate.
[0042] In some preferred embodiments, the buffer tank 2 is a square tank, and the overflow plate 3 is a square plate adapted to the bottom surface of the square tank, such as having the same size as the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2, or being slightly smaller than the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2, so as to cover the drain hole 21.
[0043] Taking the buffer tank 2 as a cuboid tank as an example, the drain holes 21 are evenly spaced along the length of the tank. The long side of the overflow plate 3 is parallel to the long side of the bottom surface of the buffer tank 2 and is rotatably connected, that is, the long side is the pivot.
[0044] In some preferred embodiments, such as Figure 4As shown, the overflow trough 31 includes a first trough wall 311, which is rotatably connected to the trough body 312 so that the first trough wall 311 remains vertical when the overflow plate 3 rotates. This ensures that the depth of the buffer space formed on the side of the first trough wall 311 is approximately consistent during the rotation of the overflow plate 3, thereby ensuring a stable and consistent buffering effect on the fluid and thus ensuring stable overflow.
[0045] Preferably, the bottom surface of the first tank wall 311 is arc-shaped, and correspondingly, the surface of the tank body 312 adjacent to the bottom surface of the first tank wall 311 is arc-shaped, allowing the first tank wall 311 to rotate freely. More preferably, an elastic sheet 313 is provided on the side of the first tank wall 311 located inside the tank; one side of the elastic sheet 313 is fixed to the first tank wall 311, and the other side abuts against the bottom surface of the overflow tank 31, or against both the bottom and side surfaces, to prevent fluid from flowing out through the gap between the first tank wall 311 and the tank body 312, such as by being positioned along the gap between the first tank wall 311 and the tank body 312. The elastic sheet 313 may be a rubber strip.
[0046] More preferably, the arc-shaped surface adjacent to the bottom surface of the first tank wall 311 of the tank body 312 includes a first arc-shaped portion 3121 and a second arc-shaped portion 2122. The first arc-shaped portion 3121 is adapted to the shape of the bottom surface of the first tank wall 311, and the second arc-shaped portion 2122 has the same rotation arc shape as the edge of the elastic sheet 313, so as to further ensure the consistency of the depth of the buffer space formed on the side of the first tank wall 311 during the rotation of the overflow plate 3.
[0047] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A uniform overflow device suitable for physical model experiments, characterized in that, Includes fluid conveying equipment, buffer tanks, and overflow plates; The fluid delivery device is used to inject test fluid into the buffer tank; The bottom surface of the buffer tank is provided with a drain hole; The overflow plate is disposed on the bottom surface of the buffer tank, and one side is hinged to the bottom surface of the buffer tank so that it can rotate between a position that fits against the bottom surface of the buffer tank and blocks the drain hole and a position that forms an angle with the bottom surface of the buffer tank. The surface of the overflow plate facing the bottom surface of the buffer tank has an overflow groove. One side of the overflow trough wall is set parallel to the axis of rotation of the overflow plate and is the overflow outlet side. The fluid flowing out of the overflow trough flows into the liquid surface at the boundary of the model.
2. The uniform overflow device suitable for physical model tests according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes multiple drainage through holes; The multiple drainage holes are equally spaced along the extension direction of the overflow plate shaft.
3. The uniform overflow device suitable for physical model tests according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drain hole is located near the overflow plate shaft.
4. The uniform overflow device suitable for physical model tests according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support frame; The bracket is used to install the buffer tank and can be adjusted so that the lowest end of the overflow plate is 5-10 cm higher than the liquid surface at the model boundary during overflow.
5. The uniform overflow device suitable for physical model tests according to claim 4, characterized in that, The support includes a main body and multiple adjustable legs; The main body is used to install the buffer slot; Multiple adjustable legs are disposed on the bottom surface of the main body to jointly support the main body, and the length of each adjustable leg is adjustable.
6. The uniform overflow device suitable for physical model tests according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The overflow trough is a square trough with a depth of 2-3 cm, a length-to-width ratio of 1-2, and a length equal to the test boundary length.
7. The uniform overflow device suitable for physical model tests according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes multiple fluid transport devices; Multiple fluid conveying devices are spaced apart along the extension direction of the overflow plate's rotating shaft.
8. The uniform overflow device suitable for physical model tests according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It also includes an angle adjustment assembly, a controller, and multiple flow rate measurement elements; The angle adjustment component is used to adjust the angle between the overflow plate and the bottom surface of the buffer tank, and is connected to the controller; Multiple flow rate measuring elements are spaced apart along the outflow side wall of the overflow tank to measure the fluid flow rate at different outlet positions, and each of the flow rate measuring elements is connected to the controller; The controller is connected to the fluid delivery device to adjust the delivery volume of each flow velocity measuring element and / or adjust the angle between the overflow plate and the bottom surface of the buffer tank through the flow velocity measuring elements, so that the measured values of each flow velocity measuring element are consistent.
9. The uniform overflow device suitable for physical model tests according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The width of the inner side of the buffer groove is greater than or equal to Where Q is the experimental boundary flow rate, T is the buffer time (1-2 min), B is the length of the buffer tank (B = experimental boundary length + m), and H is the depth of the buffer tank (0.2-0.4 m).
10. The uniform overflow device suitable for physical model tests according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The fluid transport equipment is a variable frequency pump.