Automatic husking equipment for camellia oleifera fruits

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to automatic husking equipment for camellia oleifera fruits, which can realize dynamic self-adaptive adjustment of a husking gap through sliding fit of a fixed wheel and a fixed shaft and arrangement of an elastic component between the fixed wheel and the fixed shaft, effectively adapt to camellia oleifera fruits with non-uniform fruit diameters, prevent the equipment from being blocked and stopped, and improve the husking efficiency. The production continuity is ensured; and the operation and maintenance cost is reduced. The fixed wheel and the roller screen drum are coaxially arranged, the spiral ribs on the inner wall of the roller screen drum are matched, the roller screen drum and the spiral ribs rotate in the same upward spiral direction to form a hinged structure, stable guide conveying force can be formed, camellia oleifera fruits stably move downwards along a husking gap after being hinged into the roller screen drum, the retention and accumulation phenomena are completely eradicated, and the husking efficiency is improved. The condition of excessive husking or non-husking is reduced, and the seed perfectness rate is improved. Through the gradient gap design that the distance between the wheel wall of the fixed wheel and the inner wall of the roller screen drum is gradually reduced from top to bottom, gradually-increased accurate extrusion can be achieved, and it is guaranteed that power output is stable in combination with direct transmission of the driving device and the roller screen drum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to an automatic peeling device for camellia oleifera fruit. Background Technology

[0002] Camellia oleifera is a unique and advantageous woody oilseed crop in my country. As a high-quality edible oil, camellia oil enjoys continuously rising market demand, driving the rapid development of the camellia oleifera industry towards large-scale and intensive production. Peeling the camellia fruit is a crucial upstream step in the camellia oleifera processing chain. The continuity, stability, and seed integrity rate of the peeling operation directly affect the efficiency and product quality of subsequent seed storage, pressing, and refining processes, playing a key role in improving the overall economic benefits of the camellia oleifera industry. Traditional manual peeling methods can no longer meet the efficiency demands of large-scale processing, making automated peeling equipment a core piece of equipment for industrial upgrading. However, existing automated peeling equipment is limited by its structural design and has many shortcomings in practical applications, making it difficult to meet the current needs of high-quality development in the camellia oleifera industry.

[0003] Existing automatic shelling equipment for camellia oleifera fruits generally suffers from the following technical problems that urgently need to be solved: First, it has poor adaptability to camellia oleifera fruits with uneven diameters. When processing camellia oleifera fruits of mixed sizes, the equipment is prone to jamming and shutdown, requiring manual intervention to clean them, which seriously disrupts the continuity of production and increases operation and maintenance costs. Second, the smoothness of the conveying of camellia oleifera fruits in the shelling interval is insufficient, often resulting in stagnation and accumulation, leading to over-shelling or unshelling in some areas. This not only reduces shelling efficiency but also causes seed damage, affecting the quality of subsequent processing. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an automatic peeling device for camellia fruit, in order to solve the technical problems of poor adaptability to camellia fruit with uneven fruit size, which can easily cause equipment jamming and stoppage, as well as discontinuous conveying.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an automatic shelling device for camellia fruit, comprising a fixed wheel, a rotary screen, a fixed shaft, an elastic component, and a driving device. The fixed wheel is slidably connected to the fixed shaft, and the fixed wheel and the fixed shaft are disposed inside the rotary screen. The fixed wheel and the rotary screen are coaxially arranged, and the distance from the wheel wall of the fixed wheel to the inner wall of the rotary screen gradually decreases from top to bottom. The inner wall of the rotary screen is provided with spiral ribs. The rotary screen is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft and rotates relative to the fixed wheel. The rotation direction of the rotary screen is consistent with the upward spiral direction of the spiral ribs. The elastic component is disposed between the fixed wheel and the fixed shaft, and the driving device is drively connected to the rotary screen.

[0006] Furthermore, the feed end of the rotary screen cylinder is provided with a guide funnel, and the outlet of the guide funnel faces the initial gap between the fixed wheel and the rotary screen cylinder.

[0007] Furthermore, the wheel wall of the fixed wheel is provided with rough texture, which is uniformly distributed anti-slip bumps or spiral ridges.

[0008] More preferably, the spiral direction of the rough texture is opposite to the spiral direction of the helical ribs.

[0009] Furthermore, the pitch of the spiral rib gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a fixing frame, the fixing shaft is fixedly connected to the fixing frame, and the driving device is fixed on the fixing frame.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a conveyor belt and ball bearings, with the two ends of the conveyor belt connected to the drive device and the sieve cylinder respectively, and the ball bearings disposed between the sieve cylinder and the fixed shaft.

[0012] Furthermore, the elastic component is a spring, one end of which is fixedly connected to a fixed wheel, and the other end of which is connected to a fixed shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner wall of the rotary screen cylinder is also provided with a wear-resistant coating, which is a ceramic coating or a polyurethane coating.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention utilizes the sliding fit between the fixed wheel and the fixed shaft, along with the elastic components between them, to achieve dynamic adaptive adjustment of the peeling gap. This effectively adapts to camellia fruits with uneven diameters, preventing equipment jamming and downtime, ensuring continuous production, and reducing maintenance costs. The coaxial arrangement of the fixed wheel and the rotary screen, combined with the spiral ribs on the inner wall of the rotary screen and the upward spiraling direction of the rotary screen and the ribs, forms a hinge structure. This creates a stable guiding and conveying force, allowing the camellia fruits to smoothly descend along the peeling gap after being hinged into the rotary screen, preventing accumulation and reducing over-peeling or unpeeling, thus improving seed integrity. The gradient gap design, with the distance between the fixed wheel wall and the inner wall of the rotary screen gradually decreasing from top to bottom, enables progressively increasing precise extrusion. Combined with the direct transmission between the drive device and the rotary screen, this ensures stable power output, avoids load fluctuations, significantly improves peeling accuracy and overall operating efficiency, and meets the needs of large-scale batch processing. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the overall structure in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0017] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. Rotary screen cylinder; 2. Fixed wheel; 3. Spiral ribs; 4. Fixed shaft; 5. Ball bearing; 6. Drive device; 7. Conveyor belt; 8. Spring; 9. Fixed frame; 10. Seed; 12. Shell; 13. Camellia oleifera fruit. Detailed Implementation

[0019] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0022] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0023] Please see Figure 1This embodiment provides an automatic shelling device for camellia fruit, including a fixed wheel 2, a rotary screen cylinder 1, a fixed shaft 4, an elastic component, and a drive device 6. The fixed wheel 2 is slidably connected to the fixed shaft 4. The fixed wheel 2 and the fixed shaft 4 are arranged inside the rotary screen cylinder 1. The fixed wheel 2 and the rotary screen cylinder 1 are coaxially arranged. The distance from the wheel wall of the fixed wheel 2 to the inner wall of the rotary screen cylinder 1 forms a shelling gap, which gradually decreases from top to bottom. The inner wall of the rotary screen cylinder 1 is provided with spiral ribs 3. The rotary screen cylinder 1 is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft 4. The rotary screen cylinder 1 rotates relative to the fixed wheel 2. The rotation direction of the rotary screen cylinder 1 is consistent with the upward spiral direction of the spiral ribs 3. The elastic component is arranged between the fixed wheel 2 and the fixed shaft 4. The drive device 6 is drivenly connected to the rotary screen cylinder 1.

[0024] This embodiment achieves dynamic adaptive adjustment of the peeling gap through the sliding fit between the fixed wheel 2 and the fixed shaft 4, and the setting of elastic components between them. This effectively adapts to camellia fruits 13 with uneven fruit diameters, avoids equipment jamming and downtime, ensures continuous production, and reduces maintenance costs. The coaxial arrangement of the fixed wheel 2 and the rotary screen 1, combined with the spiral ribs 3 on the inner wall of the rotary screen 1 and the upward spiral direction of the rotary screen 1 and the spiral ribs 3 forming an interlocking structure, creates a stable guiding and conveying force. After the camellia fruit 13 is interlocked into the rotary screen 1, it descends smoothly along the peeling gap, preventing stagnation and accumulation, reducing over-peeling or unpeeling of the 12, and improving the integrity rate of the seeds 10. The gradient gap design, with the distance between the fixed wheel 2 wall and the inner wall of the rotary screen 1 gradually decreasing from top to bottom, achieves progressively increasing precise extrusion. Combined with the direct transmission between the drive device 6 and the rotary screen 1, it ensures stable power output, avoids load fluctuations, significantly improves the accuracy of peeling 12 and overall operating efficiency, and adapts to the needs of large-scale batch processing.

[0025] In one embodiment, the feed end of the rotary screen cylinder 1 is provided with a guide funnel, the outlet of which faces the initial gap between the fixed wheel 2 and the rotary screen cylinder 1. The guide funnel at the feed end of the rotary screen cylinder 1 provides concentrated guidance for the fed camellia fruit 13. Combined with its outlet facing the initial gap between the fixed wheel 2 and the rotary screen cylinder 1, this ensures that the camellia fruit 13 enters the rotary screen cylinder 1 accurately and smoothly, preventing scattering or deviation from the rotary screen cylinder 1 during feeding. This allows the camellia fruit 13 to enter the gradient extrusion starting position in an orderly manner, forming a smooth connection with the subsequent guiding and conveying and gradient extrusion structure of the rotary screen cylinder 1, further improving the continuity and stability of the peeling operation 12, and ensuring the overall peeling efficiency and processing uniformity of 12.

[0026] In one embodiment, the wall of the fixed wheel 2 is provided with rough texture, which consists of uniformly distributed anti-slip bumps or spiral ridges. The rough texture on the wall of the fixed wheel 2, through the uniformly distributed anti-slip bumps or spiral ridges, can significantly increase the friction between the wall of the fixed wheel 2 and the camellia fruit 13, effectively preventing relative slippage between the camellia fruit 13 and the wall of the fixed wheel 2 during the shelling process. Simultaneously, the anti-slip bumps or spiral ridges can provide multi-point or linear auxiliary extrusion during the extrusion process, further improving the reliability and uniformity of shell cracking in conjunction with the gradient extrusion structure. This ensures that the camellia fruit 13 fully completes the shelling operation during stable conveying, contributing to improved overall shelling quality and efficiency.

[0027] In this embodiment, as a further preferred embodiment, the spiral direction of the rough texture is opposite to that of the spiral rib 3. This opposite spiral direction further increases the relative friction between the wall of the fixed wheel 2 and the camellia fruit 13, preventing slippage and idle rotation of the camellia fruit 13 during the extrusion and conveying process. The reverse spiral structure allows the camellia fruit 13 to rotate slightly as it descends along the peeling gap, ensuring even force distribution across all parts of the shell 12. Combined with the gradient extrusion effect, this improves the uniformity and thoroughness of shell cracking. Simultaneously, the reverse spiral design enhances the adhesion between the camellia fruit 13 and the spiral rib 3 and the wall of the fixed wheel 2, ensuring that each camellia fruit 13 fully participates in the peeling process, further guaranteeing overall peeling quality and processing efficiency.

[0028] In this embodiment, the pitch of the spiral rib 3 gradually decreases from top to bottom. This gradual decrease in pitch, combined with the gradient extrusion structure where the distance between the fixed roller 2 wall and the inner wall of the rotary screen cylinder 1 gradually changes, allows the conveying rhythm of the camellia fruit 13 along the peeling gap to be adjusted synchronously with the extrusion intensity. The larger upper pitch enables rapid feeding and initial guidance of the camellia fruit 13, while the smaller lower pitch slows down the downward speed of the camellia fruit 13, providing sufficient time for the shell 12 to fully crack in the high-pressure gradient region, thus improving the thoroughness of peeling. Simultaneously, the gradual pitch enhances the continuous guiding constraint on the camellia fruit 13, preventing it from shifting or becoming disordered due to pressure changes in the later stages of extrusion, further ensuring the stability and uniformity of the peeling operation and contributing to improved overall processing quality.

[0029] In one embodiment, a fixing frame 9 is further included, with the fixing shaft 4 fixedly connected to the fixing frame 9, and the driving device 6 fixed on the fixing frame 9. The added fixing frame 9 provides a stable mounting reference for the fixing shaft 4 and the driving device 6. The fixed connection between the fixing shaft 4 and the fixing frame 9 ensures that the coaxiality of the fixed wheel 2 and the rotary screen cylinder 1 remains stable, avoiding uneven peeling gaps caused by component misalignment during operation. The driving device 6 is fixed on the fixing frame 9, which ensures the stability and reliability of the transmission connection between it and the rotary screen cylinder 1, reducing vibration and deviation during power transmission.

[0030] Furthermore, the system also includes a conveyor belt 7 and ball bearings 5. The two ends of the conveyor belt 7 are connected to the drive device 6 and the rotary screen cylinder 1, respectively. The ball bearings 5 ​​are positioned between the rotary screen cylinder 1 and the fixed shaft 4. The connection between the drive device 6 and the rotary screen cylinder 1 at both ends of the conveyor belt 7 enables smooth and efficient power transmission, ensuring accurate transmission of power from the drive device 6 to the rotary screen cylinder 1, maintaining a stable rotational speed, reducing power loss and vibration during power transmission, and further improving the consistency of the rotary screen cylinder 1's rotation. The ball bearings 5 ​​positioned between the rotary screen cylinder 1 and the fixed shaft 4 significantly reduce frictional resistance during relative rotation, reducing component wear, and ensuring stable coaxiality between the rotary screen cylinder 1 and the fixed shaft 4, preventing misalignment or jamming during relative rotation. The combined effect of these two components further enhances the operational stability and reliability of the equipment's transmission system and rotating structure, extends the equipment's service life, and ensures continuous and smooth peeling operations.

[0031] In the above embodiments, preferably, the elastic component is a spring 8, one end of the spring 8 is fixedly connected to the fixed wheel 2, and the other end of the spring 8 is connected to the fixed shaft 4.

[0032] In the above embodiments, preferably, the inner wall of the rotary screen cylinder 1 is further provided with a wear-resistant coating, which is a ceramic coating or a polyurethane coating.

[0033] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic shelling apparatus for tea-oil camellia fruits, characterized by comprising: The device includes a fixed wheel, a rotary screen cylinder, a fixed shaft, an elastic component, and a drive device. The fixed wheel is slidably connected to the fixed shaft. The fixed wheel and the fixed shaft are disposed inside the rotary screen cylinder. The fixed wheel and the rotary screen cylinder are coaxially arranged. The distance from the wheel wall of the fixed wheel to the inner wall of the rotary screen cylinder gradually decreases from top to bottom. The inner wall of the rotary screen cylinder is provided with helical ribs. The rotary screen cylinder is rotatably connected to the fixed shaft. The rotary screen cylinder rotates relative to the fixed wheel. The rotation direction of the rotary screen cylinder is consistent with the upward helical direction of the helical ribs. The elastic component is disposed between the fixed wheel and the fixed shaft. The drive device is drivenly connected to the rotary screen cylinder.

2. The automatic shelling apparatus of camellia fruit according to claim 1, wherein, The feed end of the rotary screen cylinder is provided with a guide funnel, and the outlet of the guide funnel faces the initial gap between the fixed wheel and the rotary screen cylinder.

3. The automatic peeling device for camellia fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed wheel has a rough texture on its wall, which consists of evenly distributed anti-slip bumps or spiral ridges.

4. The automatic peeling device for camellia fruit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The direction of the rough texture is opposite to the direction of the spiral ribs.

5. The automatic peeling device for camellia fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pitch of the spiral ribs gradually decreases from top to bottom.

6. The automatic peeling device for camellia fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a fixing frame, the fixing shaft is fixedly connected to the fixing frame, and the driving device is fixed on the fixing frame.

7. The automatic peeling device for camellia fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a conveyor belt and ball bearings. The two ends of the conveyor belt are respectively connected to the drive device and the sieve cylinder, and the ball bearings are disposed between the sieve cylinder and the fixed shaft.

8. The automatic peeling device for camellia fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic component is a spring, one end of which is fixedly connected to a fixed wheel, and the other end of which is connected to a fixed shaft.

9. The automatic peeling device for camellia fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the rotary screen cylinder is also provided with a wear-resistant coating, which is a ceramic coating or a polyurethane coating.

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