Carbon dioxide zero emission type organic waste energy utilization system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste treatment, and particularly discloses a carbon dioxide zero emission type organic waste energy utilization system. Comprising a collection tank, an HP pulping machine, a solid-liquid separation treatment system, a high-temperature combustion furnace, an anaerobic reactor, a first gas separation system, a second gas separation system, an organic fertilizer generation system, a microbial fermentation system, an absorption and purification system, a generator set and an electrolysis system, the HP pulping machine is used for breaking bags, crushing organic materials and separating light impurities such as plastic bags and inorganic or metal heavy substances such as knives and forks; the waste is subjected to multiple treatment, methane is generated for power generation operation, a large amount of generated electric energy is supplied to operation of the electrolysis system, the adverse factor that the electrolysis system needs a large amount of energy to treat carbon dioxide is made up, and the carbon dioxide treatment efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of waste treatment technology, specifically relating to a system for the energy utilization of organic waste with zero carbon dioxide emissions. Background Technology

[0002] Organic waste refers to solid, liquid, or gaseous organic items and substances generated during production, daily life, and other activities that have lost their original value or have been discarded or abandoned even if they have not lost their value. In the process of treating organic waste, a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions are easily generated, which has a significant impact on the surrounding environment.

[0003] In Chinese patent CN111687182A, a system for the energy utilization of organic waste with zero carbon dioxide emissions is mentioned. It rationally produces carbon dioxide and hydrogen through incineration, and uses them to generate methane under high temperature and the action of a catalyst. At the same time, it rationally utilizes anaerobic fermentation to generate calcium carbonate precipitate by reacting carbon dioxide and calcium hydroxide solution, thereby achieving zero carbon dioxide emissions.

[0004] Carbon dioxide treatment methods include photosynthesis, electrolysis, photoelectrochemical reactions, and bioreactors. However, photosynthesis, photoelectrochemical reactions, and bioreactors have limited efficiency. In electrolysis, carbon dioxide is broken down into oxygen and some carbon-based products. These carbon products can be reused, for example, to manufacture graphene or other useful materials. Its main advantage is that it can be carried out anywhere and does not require any external intervention. However, it requires a large amount of energy to drive the reaction, so it is necessary to find some cheap and renewable electrical energy sources to drive the reaction. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a system for the energy utilization of organic waste with zero carbon dioxide emissions, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] Systems for the energy utilization of organic waste with zero carbon dioxide emissions include:

[0008] Collection tank, HP pulping machine, solid-liquid separation system, high-temperature combustion furnace, anaerobic reactor, first gas separation system, second gas separation system, organic fertilizer generation system, microbial fermentation system, absorption and purification system, generator set and electrolysis system;

[0009] The HP pulping machine is used to break open bags, crush organic materials, and separate lightweight impurities such as plastic bags and heavy inorganic or metallic substances such as knives and forks.

[0010] The solid-liquid separation system is used to separate organic slurry produced by the HP pulping machine into solid and liquid phases.

[0011] The high-temperature combustion furnace is used to burn the solid phase separated by the solid-liquid separation system at high temperature.

[0012] The anaerobic reactor is used to decompose liquid organic matter separated from the solid-liquid separation system using anaerobic microorganisms.

[0013] The electrolysis system is used to electrolyze the carbon dioxide produced in the anaerobic reactor.

[0014] Preferably, the high-temperature combustion furnace burns solid phase at high temperature to form combustion gas and residual ash, and the combustion gas is separated into hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases by a first gas separation system.

[0015] Preferably, the anaerobic reactor decomposes organic matter into reaction gases and residues, and the reaction gases are separated into biogas, carbon dioxide and other gases by a second gas separation system.

[0016] Preferably, the organic fertilizer generation system is used to mix and granulate the residual ash and residue produced by the high-temperature combustion furnace and anaerobic reactor to form organic fertilizer.

[0017] Preferably, the microbial fermentation system is used to convert hydrogen and carbon dioxide separated in the first gas separation system into water and methane using methanogenic bacteria.

[0018] Preferably, the absorption and purification system is used to purify the biogas separated by the second gas separation system into methane using the physicochemical absorption properties of organic amine solution and carbon dioxide.

[0019] Preferably, the generator set is used to generate thermal power using methane produced by the microbial fermentation system and the absorption and purification system, and to transmit the generated electrical energy to the electrolysis system.

[0020] Preferably, the electrolysis system decomposes carbon dioxide separated by the second gas separation system into oxygen, hydrogen, and other gases.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] By processing waste through multiple steps to generate methane for power generation, the large amount of electricity generated is used to power the electrolysis system. This compensates for the high energy requirements of the electrolysis system for carbon dioxide treatment, improving the efficiency of carbon dioxide treatment. It is suitable for treating various types of organic waste, eliminating environmental pollution while obtaining clean energy, and there are no greenhouse gas emissions in the process. It can achieve the effects of waste treatment, clean and renewable energy production, and carbon dioxide emission reduction. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system flow of the present invention;

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Collection tank; 2. HP pulping machine; 3. Solid-liquid separation system; 4. High-temperature combustion furnace; 5. Anaerobic reactor; 6. First gas separation system; 7. Second gas separation system; 8. Fertilizer generation system; 9. Microbial fermentation system; 10. Absorption and purification system; 11. Generator set; 12. Electrolysis system. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Example:

[0027] Please see Figure 1 As shown, a system for the energy utilization of zero-carbon dioxide emission organic waste includes:

[0028] Collection tank 1, HP pulping machine 2, solid-liquid separation system 3, high-temperature combustion furnace 4, anaerobic reactor 5, first gas separation system 6, second gas separation system 7, organic fertilizer generation system 8, microbial fermentation system 9, absorption and purification system 10, generator set 11, and electrolysis system 12;

[0029] HP Pulping Machine 2 is used to break bags, crush organic materials, and separate lightweight impurities such as plastic bags and inorganic or heavy metal materials such as knives and forks. During the pulping process, organic waste rotates with the rotor, and the high-speed vortex generated by the continuous changes in flow state and flow rate causes collisions and kneading between materials, thereby achieving the separation of organic and inorganic materials.

[0030] The solid-liquid separation system 3 is used to separate the organic slurry produced by the HP pulper 2 into solid and liquid phases. The process is as follows: the organic slurry produced by the HP pulper 2 is pumped to the first-stage desander for desanding. After desanding, it flows into the slurry buffer tank and then into the subsequent deoiling unit after the second-stage desanding. The separated light and heavy impurities are further processed by the dewatering machine and the press. The liquid phase is combined with the organic slurry for processing, thereby separating them into solid and liquid phases.

[0031] The high-temperature combustion furnace 4 is used to burn the solid phase separated by the solid-liquid separation treatment system 3 at high temperature.

[0032] Anaerobic reactor 5 is used to decompose the liquid organic matter separated in solid-liquid separation system 3 using anaerobic microorganisms. It adopts a mechanical stirring system and a heat exchange system to keep the microorganisms and materials in a completely mixed state, minimizing the concentration and temperature gradient in the reactor.

[0033] The electrolysis system 12 is used to electrolyze the carbon dioxide produced in the anaerobic reactor 5.

[0034] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the high-temperature combustion furnace 4 burns solid phase at high temperature to form combustion gas and residual ash. The combustion gas is separated into hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases by the first gas separation system 6. The anaerobic reactor 5 decomposes organic matter into reaction gas and residue. The reaction gas is separated into biogas, carbon dioxide and other gases by the second gas separation system 7. The organic fertilizer generation system 8 is used to mix and granulate the residual ash and residue produced by the high-temperature combustion furnace 4 and the anaerobic reactor 5 to form organic fertilizer. The microbial fermentation system 9 is used to convert the hydrogen and carbon dioxide separated in the first gas separation system 6 into water and methane using methanogenic bacteria.

[0035] The absorption and purification system 10 is used to purify the biogas separated from the second gas separation system 7 into methane using the physicochemical absorption characteristics of organic amine solution and carbon dioxide. The process is as follows: under pressurized and ambient temperature conditions in the absorption tower, the biogas undergoes an absorption reaction with carbon dioxide to decarbonize and purify methane. The rich absorption liquid undergoes a reverse desorption reaction under depressurized and heated conditions in the regeneration tower, releasing high-purity carbon dioxide gas. At the same time, the rich liquid is regenerated and has the ability to reabsorb carbon dioxide, realizing the continuous decarbonization and purification of methane in the absorption tower, and enabling the decarbonized liquid to continuously absorb and regenerate in a cycle.

[0036] The generator set 11 is used to generate thermal power from the methane produced by the microbial fermentation system 9 and the absorption and purification system 10, and transmits the generated electrical energy to the electrolysis system 12. The methane power generation process includes four stages: gas treatment, gas introduction, internal combustion engine ignition, and power generation output. Gas treatment includes processes such as water removal and impurity removal to ensure smooth and reliable gas flow. Gas introduction involves introducing energy such as natural gas or biogas into the internal combustion engine for combustion. After the internal combustion engine is ignited, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is generated, which is converted into rotational energy and then output as electrical energy through the generator.

[0037] The electrolysis system 12 electrolyzes the carbon dioxide separated by the second gas separation system 7, decomposing it into oxygen, hydrogen, and other gases.

[0038] As can be seen from the above, during the process, solid and liquid waste is transported to the inside of collection tank 1. Collection tank 1 then transports the waste to the inside of HP pulping machine 2, where bag breaking, organic material crushing, and separation of lightweight impurities such as plastic bags and inorganic or heavy metallic substances such as knives and forks are completed, separating them into organic solid waste and organic residue. The organic residue is then transported to solid-liquid separation system 3 for further separation, where it is separated into solid and liquid phases. The solid and liquid phases are then transported to the inside of high-temperature combustion furnace 4 and anaerobic reactor 5, respectively. High-temperature combustion furnace 4 burns the solid phase at high temperature to produce residual ash, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Anaerobic reactor 5 converts the liquid phase into biogas, carbon dioxide, other gases, and residual waste. The slag, residue, and waste are transported to the organic fertilizer generation system 8, where they are mixed and granulated to form organic fertilizer. The hydrogen and carbon dioxide produced by the high-temperature combustion furnace 4 are transported to the microbial fermentation system 9, where methanogenic bacteria convert them into water and methane. The biogas and carbon dioxide produced by the anaerobic reactor 5 are respectively transferred to the absorption and purification system 10 and the electrolysis system 12. The absorption and purification system 10 converts the biogas into methane. The methane produced by the microbial fermentation system 9 and the absorption and purification system 10 is transported to the generator set 11. By burning the methane, the heat energy is converted into electrical energy, which is then supplied to the electrolysis system 12, causing the electrolysis system 12 to decompose the carbon dioxide transferred inside into oxygen, hydrogen, and other gases.

[0039] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A system for the energy utilization of organic waste with zero carbon dioxide emissions, characterized in that, include: Collection tank (1), HP pulping machine (2), solid-liquid separation treatment system (3), high temperature combustion furnace (4), anaerobic reactor (5), first gas separation system (6), second gas separation system (7), organic fertilizer generation system (8), microbial fermentation system (9), absorption and purification system (10), generator set (11) and electrolysis system (12); The HP pulping machine (2) is used to complete bag breaking, crushing of organic materials, and separation of light impurities such as plastic bags, and inorganic or heavy metal substances such as knives and forks. The solid-liquid separation system (3) is used to separate the organic slurry produced by the HP pulper (2) into a solid phase and a liquid phase; The high-temperature combustion furnace (4) is used to burn the solid phase separated by the solid-liquid separation treatment system (3) at high temperature; The anaerobic reactor (5) is used to decompose the liquid organic matter separated in the solid-liquid separation system (3) using anaerobic microorganisms; The electrolysis system (12) is used to electrolyze the carbon dioxide generated in the anaerobic reactor (5). 2.The system for energy utilization of organic waste without carbon dioxide emission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature combustion furnace (4) burns solid phase at high temperature to form combustion gas and residual ash. The combustion gas is separated into hydrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases by the first gas separation system (6). 3.The system for energy utilization of organic waste without carbon dioxide emission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anaerobic reactor (5) decomposes organic matter into reaction gases and residues. The reaction gases are separated into biogas, carbon dioxide and other gases by a second gas separation system (7). 4.The system for energy utilization of organic waste without carbon dioxide emission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer generation system (8) is used to mix and granulate the residual ash and residue produced by the high-temperature combustion furnace (4) and the anaerobic reactor (5) to form organic fertilizer. 5.The system for energy utilization of organic waste without carbon dioxide emission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial fermentation system (9) is used to convert the hydrogen and carbon dioxide separated in the first gas separation system (6) into water and methane using methanogenic bacteria. 6.The system for energy utilization of organic waste without carbon dioxide emission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The absorption and purification system (10) is used to purify the biogas separated by the second gas separation system (7) into methane by utilizing the physicochemical absorption characteristics of organic amine solution and carbon dioxide. 7.The system for energy utilization of organic waste without carbon dioxide emission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The generator set (11) is used to generate electricity by using methane produced by the microbial fermentation system (9) and the absorption and purification system (10), and transmits the generated electricity to the electrolysis system (12). 8.The system for energy utilization of organic waste without carbon dioxide emission according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolysis system (12) decomposes the carbon dioxide separated by the second gas separation system (7) into oxygen, hydrogen and other gases.

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