Machining center universal quick-change clamp and machining center quick-change system

Abstract

The invention discloses a machining center universal quick-change clamp and a machining center quick-change system, the machining center universal quick-change clamp comprises a bottom plate, a first positioning strip, a second positioning strip, a base plate and a locking mechanism, and the locking mechanism comprises a locking screw and a pressing block. Due to the fact that the pressing inclined faces are matched with the inclined faces of the base plates, axial force can be converted into two component forces in the perpendicular direction through the inclined faces in the moving process of the pressing blocks, and the two component forces push the two adjacent outer side walls of the base plates to move in the direction of the first positioning strip and the direction of the second positioning strip respectively till the outer side walls of the base plates completely abut against the positioning strips. And at the moment, the substrate is accurately positioned and firmly locked. According to the structure, positioning and locking can be completed through cooperation of mechanical structures, and the operation process is simple and convenient. Meanwhile, the positioning accuracy of the base plate in the two vertical directions can be effectively guaranteed through the matched structure of the positioning strip and the inclined face which are perpendicular to each other, the situation of single-side deviation is avoided, and the consistency of part machining is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of clamping equipment technology, and in particular to a general quick-change fixture and quick-change system for machining centers. Background Technology

[0002] This invention belongs to the field of clamping tooling and proposes a tooling for machining centers to achieve rapid loading and unloading and precise positioning, as well as its usage method. It is used in the mold changing process of machining, especially in CNC machining processes with small batch production scale. This invention significantly shortens the clamping time.

[0003] Parts loading and unloading is an essential part of the machining process. Traditional clamping methods include manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic methods, and clamping tools include screw clamps, vises, three-jaw chucks, zero-point positioning fixtures, and special fixtures. However, all of them have disadvantages such as affecting equipment utilization due to in-machine clamping, high fixture costs, and the need for auxiliary power and air supply.

[0004] From a practical perspective, related technologies involve numerous clamping methods and specific steps, resulting in long operation times, the need for specialized tools for different parts, poor adaptability, and high tooling costs. This invention, on the other hand, features a simple structure, reliable positioning, and convenient assembly and disassembly, making it suitable for a variety of parts. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a universal quick-change fixture and quick-change system for machining centers, which can solve the problems of long workpiece clamping operation time, poor adaptability, and high tooling cost in the prior art. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, a universal quick-change fixture for machining centers is provided, comprising: a base plate, a base plate, and a locking mechanism. The base plate has a first positioning strip and a second positioning strip fixedly connected to each other perpendicularly; two adjacent outer sidewalls of the base plate are respectively opposite to the first and second positioning strips; the locking mechanism is disposed within a right-angled area formed by the first and second positioning strips; the locking mechanism includes a clamping block connected to the base plate by a locking screw, the clamping block having a clamping inclined surface; corresponding corners of the base plate are provided with a base plate inclined surface that mates with the clamping inclined surface; tightening the locking screw drives the clamping block to move, and through the engagement of the clamping inclined surface and the base plate inclined surface, the two adjacent outer sidewalls of the base plate are forced to simultaneously abut against the first and second positioning strips.

[0007] Optionally, the locking mechanism is located on the angle bisector of the right-angle region.

[0008] Optionally, the side of the first positioning strip facing the substrate is a first positioning slope, which gradually slopes away from the substrate from the direction away from the base plate towards the base plate, and the side wall of the substrate that is inclined to engage with the first positioning slope is a first mating slope; the side of the second positioning strip facing the substrate is a second positioning slope, which gradually slopes away from the substrate from the direction away from the base plate towards the base plate, and the side wall of the substrate that is inclined to engage with the second positioning slope is a second mating slope.

[0009] Optionally, the inclination angles of the first positioning slope and the second positioning slope are equal, and both are between 10° and 30°.

[0010] Optionally, a transition block is also included, which is sandwiched between the clamping inclined surface and the substrate inclined surface, and the plane in which the transition block is inclinedly engaged with the clamping inclined surface is parallel to the plane in which the transition block is inclinedly engaged with the substrate inclined surface.

[0011] Optionally, the inclination angle of the clamping ramp is 10° to 30°.

[0012] Optionally, the substrate has multiple sets of locating holes evenly distributed radially around its center line on its surface facing away from the base plate, each set containing two radially distributed locating pin holes; the machining center general quick-change fixture also includes multiple locating pins for pre-fixing the workpiece.

[0013] Optionally, the number of groups of positioning holes is 8.

[0014] Optionally, two handles are symmetrically arranged on the substrate.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the general quick-change fixture for machining centers in this application include at least the following:

[0016] The general-purpose quick-change fixture for machining centers includes a base plate, a first positioning strip and a second positioning strip that are perpendicular to each other and fixed to the base plate, a base plate with two adjacent outer side walls opposite to the first and second positioning strips, and a locking mechanism disposed within the right-angle area formed by the first and second positioning strips. The locking mechanism includes a clamping block connected to the base plate by a locking screw and having a clamping ramp. The base plate has a ramp at its corresponding corner that mates with the clamping ramp. Tightening the locking screw drives the clamping block to move, and the ramp forces the adjacent outer side walls of the base plate against the first and second positioning strips. Because the clamping ramp and the base plate ramp engage, the clamping block converts the axial force into two perpendicular components during movement. These two components push the two adjacent outer side walls of the base plate towards the first and second positioning strips until the outer side walls of the base plate are completely against the positioning strips. At this point, the base plate is precisely positioned and firmly locked. Throughout operation, this structure requires no complex pneumatic or hydraulic devices; positioning and locking are achieved solely through mechanical means. The operation is simple and convenient, and ordinary operators can master it with minimal training. Simultaneously, the mutually perpendicular positioning bars and inclined surfaces effectively ensure the positioning accuracy of the substrate in two vertical directions, preventing unilateral offset and significantly improving the consistency of part processing. Furthermore, the structure has fewer components and a simpler design, resulting in significantly lower manufacturing costs compared to other complex positioning fixtures in the industry. This effectively reduces equipment investment costs for companies with small-batch production needs. Moreover, during mold changes, disassembly and installation of the substrate can be completed simply by loosening and tightening the locking screws, greatly shortening mold change time, reducing downtime of the machining center, and improving the overall utilization rate of the equipment.

[0017] On the other hand, a quick-change system for a machining center is provided, comprising: a base plate fixedly mounted on the worktable of the machining center, and at least two sets of clamping units interchangeably mounted on the base plate. Each set of clamping units includes the aforementioned base plate, first positioning bar, second positioning bar, and locking mechanism; wherein the at least two sets of clamping units are configured for alternating use, such that when one set of clamping units is mounted on the base plate and in a machining state, the other set of clamping units is in a workpiece clamping preparation state outside the machine.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the machining center quick change system in this application include at least the following: The machining center quick change system, through the combination design of a fixed base plate and interchangeable fixture units, completely eliminates the cumbersome steps of adjusting the base plate position and calibrating the coordinate system during the traditional mold change process, greatly simplifying the mold change operation process; the alternating use mode realizes the parallel operation of in-machine processing and out-of-machine clamping, transferring the clamping process that originally occupied the machining center equipment time to the outside of the machine, greatly improving the equipment utilization rate of the machining center, especially suitable for small batch and multi-variety workpiece production scenarios; at the same time, each set of fixture units has a consistent structure and is interchangeable, reducing tooling maintenance costs and operator training difficulty, and the system as a whole has high flexibility, which can quickly adapt to the processing needs of different types of workpieces and meet the requirements of flexible production in modern manufacturing.

[0019] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the universal quick-change fixture for machining centers provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a top view of the universal quick-change fixture for machining centers provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at point AA;

[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at point BB;

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at point CC;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a top view of the base plate in the universal quick-change fixture for machining centers provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the first or second positioning bar in the general quick-change fixture for machining centers provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 8This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the clamping block in the universal quick-change fixture for machining centers provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the transition block in the general quick-change fixture for machining centers provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0031] 1-Base plate; 2-First positioning strip; 21-First positioning inclined surface; 3-Second positioning strip; 31-Second positioning inclined surface; 4-Base plate; 41-Base plate inclined surface; 42-First mating inclined surface; 43-Second mating inclined surface; 44-Positioning hole group; 5-Locking mechanism; 51-Locking screw; 52-Pressure block; 521-Pressure inclined surface; 6-Transition block; 7-Handle; 8-Positioning pin; 9-Workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0033] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" generally refer to the relative positions of the corresponding components in the direction of gravity when they are in use, and "inner" and "outer" refer to their relative positions to the contours of the corresponding components themselves. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure are for distinguishing one element from another and do not have sequential or importance implications. In the following description, when referring to the accompanying drawings, unless otherwise explained, the same reference numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements.

[0034] Firstly, according to the embodiments of this application, reference is made to... Figures 1 to 8 The general-purpose quick-change fixture for machining centers includes a base plate 1, a first positioning strip 2 and a second positioning strip 3 that are perpendicular to each other and fixed on the base plate 1, a base plate 4 with two adjacent outer side walls that are respectively opposite to the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3, and a locking mechanism 5 disposed in the right-angle area formed by the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3. The locking mechanism 5 includes a clamping block 52 that is connected to the base plate 1 by a locking screw 51 and has a clamping inclined surface 521. The base plate 4 has a base plate inclined surface 41 that cooperates with the clamping inclined surface 521 at the corresponding corner. Tightening the locking screw 51 can drive the clamping block 52 to move and force the adjacent outer side walls of the base plate 4 to abut against the positioning strip through the inclined surface cooperation.

[0035] In actual operation, the workpiece 9 must first be precisely fixed on the base plate 4. Next, the base plate 1 is stably installed on the machining center worktable. During installation, it is crucial to ensure that the straight edge of the base plate 1 is perfectly aligned with the X and Y axes of the machine tool coordinate system. The base plate 1 is then securely connected to the worktable with screws to prevent loosening during subsequent machining. Next, the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3 are fixed to the base plate 1 in a perpendicular relationship. A special tool is used to calibrate the perpendicularity of the two positioning strips, ensuring that the right-angle area they form meets the required accuracy. The positioning strips are then initially positioned using positioning pins, and finally, screws are used to completely lock them onto the base plate 1 to prevent displacement during subsequent use. Afterward, the operator places the base plate 4 on top of the base plate 1, with the two adjacent outer walls of the base plate 4 facing the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3 respectively. At this point, the inclined surface 41 of the base plate at the corresponding corner of the base plate 4 is in a relative position to the pressing inclined surface 521 of the pressing block 52 in the locking mechanism 5. Next, the operator uses a torque wrench to tighten the locking screw 51 on the clamping block 52. As the locking screw 51 is tightened, it generates an axial force that drives the clamping block 52 to move slowly toward the substrate 4. Since the clamping inclined surface 521 and the substrate inclined surface 41 cooperate with each other, the clamping block 52 will convert the axial force into two vertical components through the inclined surface during the movement. These two components push the two adjacent outer walls of the substrate 4 toward the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3, respectively, until the outer walls of the substrate 4 are completely against the positioning strips. At this time, the substrate 4 is accurately positioned and firmly locked.

[0036] Throughout operation, this structure requires no complex pneumatic or hydraulic devices; positioning and locking are achieved solely through mechanical means. The operation is simple and convenient, and ordinary operators can master it with minimal training. Simultaneously, the mutually perpendicular positioning bars and inclined surfaces effectively ensure the positioning accuracy of the substrate 4 in two vertical directions, preventing unilateral offset and significantly improving the consistency of part processing. Furthermore, the structure has fewer components and a simpler design, resulting in significantly lower manufacturing costs compared to other complex positioning fixtures in the industry. This effectively reduces equipment investment costs for companies with small-batch production needs. Moreover, during mold changes, the substrate 4 can be disassembled and installed simply by loosening and tightening the locking screws 51, greatly shortening mold change time, reducing downtime of the machining center, and improving overall equipment utilization.

[0037] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The locking mechanism 5 is located on the angle bisector of the right-angle area formed by the first positioning bar 2 and the second positioning bar 3.

[0038] In actual operation, the base plate 1 is first installed on the machining center worktable, ensuring that the straight edge of the base plate 1 is aligned with the machine tool coordinate system and tightened. Then, the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3 are vertically fixed to the base plate 1. After calibrating the perpendicularity, they are thoroughly tightened using positioning pins and screws to form a right-angled area with acceptable accuracy. At this point, the clamping block 52 of the locking mechanism 5 needs to be pre-installed on the base plate 1 using locking screws 51, ensuring that the central axis of the clamping block 52 completely coincides with the angle bisector of the right-angled area. Calibration is performed using a special measuring tool to avoid positional deviations. Afterward, the base plate 4 is placed on the base plate 1, with the two adjacent outer walls of the base plate 4 corresponding to the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3, and the inclined surface 41 of the base plate 4 at the corresponding corners facing the clamping inclined surface 521 of the clamping block 52.

[0039] The operator tightens the locking screw 51, driving the clamping block 52 to move towards the substrate 4 along the angle bisector. Since the clamping block 52 is located on the angle bisector, the force it transmits to the substrate inclined surface 41 through the clamping inclined surface 521 has equal components in two perpendicular directions (pointing to the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3, respectively). Under the action of these two uniform components, the substrate 4 will move simultaneously towards the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3, and the moving speed and distance will remain consistent. There will be no tilting of the substrate 4 or premature contact due to excessive force on one side. Finally, the two adjacent outer walls of the substrate 4 will simultaneously and tightly contact the corresponding positioning strips, achieving high-precision positioning and locking.

[0040] The advantage of this structure lies in the fact that the locking mechanism 5 on the angle bisector ensures more uniform force on the substrate 4, further improving positioning accuracy and repeatability. This avoids deformation or positioning deviation of the substrate 4 due to uneven force, extending its service life. Simultaneously, uniform force reduces wear on the positioning strip and clamping block 52, lowering tooling maintenance costs. During operation, there is no need to repeatedly adjust the position of the substrate 4; precise positioning can be achieved simply by tightening the screw once, simplifying the operation and improving clamping efficiency. This is particularly suitable for precision parts machining scenarios requiring high positioning accuracy.

[0041] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The side of the first positioning strip 2 facing the substrate 4 is a first positioning slope 21, and the corresponding sidewall of the substrate 4 is a first mating slope 42. (Reference) Figure 2 and Figure 4 The side of the second positioning strip 3 facing the substrate 4 is the second positioning slope 31, and the corresponding side wall of the substrate 4 is the second mating slope 43. Tightening the locking screw 51 can drive the pressing block 52 to move and force the adjacent outer side wall of the substrate 4 to abut the positioning strip through the slope mating.

[0042] The inclined structure of the positioning slope and the mating slope can not only guide the substrate 4 to move in the horizontal direction (towards the positioning strip), but also generate a component force in the vertical direction (pointing towards the base plate 1), so that the lower end face of the substrate 4 gradually moves closer to the base plate 1 and finally fits tightly, eliminating the gap between the substrate 4 and the base plate 1.

[0043] The advantages of this structure are that the combination of the positioning bevel and the mating bevel increases the stability and reliability of the substrate 4's positioning. The vertical force component ensures a tight fit between the substrate 4 and the base plate 1, reducing vibration caused by gaps during processing and thus improving the machining accuracy of the parts. Simultaneously, the beveled fit has a self-centering function; even if there is a slight initial deviation in the placement of the substrate 4, it can automatically adjust to the correct position under the guidance of the bevel, reducing the installation difficulty for operators. Furthermore, the beveled structure facilitates the loading and unloading of the substrate 4, avoiding the jamming phenomenon that may occur with traditional planar fits, improving mold change efficiency. The larger contact area of ​​the beveled fit also reduces local stress concentration, extending the service life of the positioning strip and the substrate 4.

[0044] According to an embodiment of this application, the inclination angles of the first positioning ramp 21 and the second positioning ramp 31 are equal, both ranging from 10° to 30°. Tightening the locking screw 51 can drive the clamping block 52 to move and force the adjacent outer wall of the substrate 4 to abut against the positioning strip through the ramp engagement.

[0045] In actual operation, firstly, based on the precision requirements of the workpiece 9 and the overall rigidity requirements of the tooling, a suitable positioning slope angle is selected within the range of 10° to 30°. Here, 15° is used as an example. When installing the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3, a special angle machining tool is used to machine the first positioning slope 21 and the second positioning slope 31 at 15°, ensuring that the angles of the two positioning slopes are completely equal. This is repeatedly checked using an angle meter to avoid angle deviation. Then, the positioning strips are vertically fixed on the base plate 1, ensuring that the tilt direction of the positioning slopes is correct. Next, the base plate 4 is placed on the base plate 1, so that the first mating slope 42 and the second mating slope 43 of the base plate 4 are respectively in contact with the corresponding positioning slopes. At this time, the base plate 4 is in a roughly positioned position under the initial guidance of the slopes. After installing the locking mechanism 5, the locking screw 51 is tightened. The clamping block 52 pushes the base plate 4 through the clamping slope 521. Since the angles of the two positioning slopes are equal, the guiding force on the base plate 4 in the two vertical directions is the same, and the moving speed is consistent. During the movement, the substrate 4 will not experience premature bonding on one side due to excessively large or small angles of the positioning slope on one side. Instead, it will move evenly towards the two positioning strips and gradually bond with the base plate 1 in the vertical direction, ultimately achieving complete contact between the substrate 4 and the positioning strips and tight bonding with the base plate 1.

[0046] The selection of this angle range has been verified through practice. When the angle is less than 10°, the inclination of the positioning ramp is too small, resulting in insufficient guiding force. This requires a very large preload of the locking screw 51 to move the substrate 4, which not only increases the labor intensity of the operator but may also cause the locking screw 51 to be damaged due to excessive force. When the angle is greater than 30°, the positioning ramp is too steep, which can easily cause the substrate 4 to jam with the positioning strip, and the processing difficulty increases significantly, raising manufacturing costs. An angle range of 10° to 30° can ensure sufficient guiding force to ensure smooth movement and accurate positioning of the substrate 4, while also facilitating processing and reducing production costs. At the same time, the equal angle design ensures the force balance of the substrate 4, further improving the positioning accuracy and repeatability, making it suitable for processing workpieces 9 with various accuracy requirements.

[0047] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 9 The general quick-change fixture of the machining center also includes a transition block 6 clamped between the clamping inclined surface 521 and the substrate inclined surface 41. The plane of the transition block 6 that mates with the clamping inclined surface 521 is parallel to the plane that mates with the substrate inclined surface 41. Tightening the locking screw 51 can drive the clamping block 52 to move and force the adjacent outer wall of the substrate 4 to abut against the positioning strip through the engagement of the transition block 6 with the inclined surface.

[0048] During operation, first, the base plate 1, the first positioning strip 2, and the second positioning strip 3 are installed, ensuring that the positioning strips are vertical and securely fixed. Then, the substrate 4 is placed on the base plate 1, with the adjacent outer walls of the substrate 4 corresponding to the positioning strips, and the substrate inclined surface 41 at the corresponding corner of the substrate 4 facing the installation position of the locking mechanism 5. Next, the transition block 6 is taken, and the parallelism of its two mating planes is checked. After ensuring that it meets the requirements, the transition block 6 is placed between the pressing inclined surface 521 and the substrate inclined surface 41. The position of the transition block 6 is adjusted so that one plane of the transition block 6 is completely in contact with the pressing inclined surface 521 of the pressing block 52, and the other plane is completely in contact with the substrate inclined surface 41 of the substrate 4. Afterwards, the pressing block 52 is pre-installed on the base plate 1 using the locking screw 51, ensuring that the pressing block 52 can move smoothly. The operator uses a torque wrench to tighten the locking screw 51. The locking screw 51 drives the clamping block 52 to move towards the transition block 6. The clamping inclined surface 521 of the clamping block 52 transmits pressure through the transition block 6. Since the two mating planes of the transition block 6 are parallel, the pressure can be evenly transmitted from the clamping block 52 to the substrate 4, forming a component force that pushes the substrate 4 towards the positioning strip. Under the action of this component force, the two adjacent outer sidewalls of the substrate 4 gradually move towards the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3 until they are completely against each other, thus achieving the positioning and locking of the substrate 4.

[0049] The addition of transition block 6 effectively solves the potential dimensional mismatch problem between the clamping inclined surface 521 and the substrate inclined surface 41. Even if there are slight dimensional errors between the two, transition block 6 can compensate for them, ensuring the stability and uniformity of pressure transmission and avoiding uneven force or positioning deviation caused by the inconsistency of the inclined surfaces. At the same time, the presence of transition block 6 reduces the requirements for the machining accuracy of clamping block 52 and substrate inclined surface 41, reducing machining difficulty and manufacturing costs. During the use of the tooling, if transition block 6 wears out, only transition block 6 needs to be replaced, without replacing the entire clamping block 52 or substrate 4, significantly reducing maintenance costs. In addition, transition block 6 can also act as a buffer during loading and unloading, preventing direct collision between clamping block 52 and substrate 4, protecting the surface accuracy of substrate 4 and clamping block 52, and extending the overall service life of the tooling.

[0050] The addition of the transition block 6 can also reduce the difficulty of loading and unloading the substrate 4. When it is necessary to disassemble the substrate 4, it is only necessary to loosen the locking screw 51 slightly. At this time, the transition block 6 can be easily removed from between the substrate 4 and the clamping block 52. Then, the substrate 4 can be moved slightly along the bisector of the right angle area formed by the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3 to remove the substrate 4 from the base plate 1 without completely removing the locking screw 51.

[0051] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 5 and Figure 8 The clamping slope 521 of the clamping block 52 has an inclination angle of 10° to 30°.

[0052] In actual operation, firstly, based on the overall force requirements and machining accuracy requirements of the tooling, a suitable angle for the clamping inclined surface 521 is selected from the range of 10° to 30°; here, 15° is taken as an example. When machining the clamping block 52, a special angle tool is used to machine the 15° clamping inclined surface 521. The angle accuracy is ensured by checking with an angle meter. Simultaneously, the transition block 6 is machined so that the angle between the transition block 6 and the clamping inclined surface 521 is also 15°, and the two mating planes remain parallel. Then, the base plate 1, the first positioning strip 2, and the second positioning strip 3 are installed. The base plate 4 is placed on the base plate 1 and aligned with the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3. The transition block 6 is placed between the clamping inclined surface 521 and the base plate inclined surface 41, ensuring that the transition block 6 is tightly fitted with both inclined surfaces. After installing the clamping block 52, the locking screw 51 is tightened, driving the clamping block 52 to move towards the transition block 6. The clamping inclined surface 521 contacts the mating plane of the transition block 6 and generates force. Since the angle of the clamping ramp 521 is 15°, this angle can efficiently convert the axial force of the locking screw 51 into a component force that pushes the substrate 4 towards the positioning strip. The component force is moderate, neither requiring excessive screw preload to push the substrate 4 to move smoothly, nor causing the substrate 4 to collide with the positioning strip due to excessive component force, thus preventing damage to the positioning strip or the substrate 4. Under the action of the component force, the substrate 4 moves evenly towards the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3 through the force transmission of the transition block 6 until it is fully against the strip, achieving precise positioning and locking. The angle of the clamping ramp 521 is selected in the range of 10° to 30° because if the angle is too small (e.g., less than 10°), the efficiency of converting the axial force into a horizontal component force is too low, requiring a very large preload of the locking screw 51 to push the substrate 4, which can easily lead to screw deformation or damage, and also increase the labor intensity of the operator; if the angle is too large (e.g., greater than 30°), the horizontal component force is too large, the substrate 4 moves too fast, and is prone to violent collision with the positioning strip, affecting the positioning accuracy and tooling life, and also increasing the difficulty of ramp processing. An angle range of 10° to 30° can achieve the best balance between force conversion efficiency, ease of operation and tooling protection, ensuring stable operation of the tooling. At the same time, this angle range also facilitates the standardized processing of transition block 6, improves production efficiency and reduces manufacturing costs, making it suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

[0053] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 6 The surface facing away from the base plate 1 is provided with multiple sets of locating holes 44 evenly distributed radially around its center line, each set containing two radially distributed locating pin holes. The machining center's general-purpose quick-change fixture also includes multiple locating pins 88 for pre-fixing the workpiece 99.

[0054] During operation, the operator analyzes the reference surface that needs to be positioned on the workpiece 9 based on its shape and size, and selects the most suitable set from multiple sets of radial positioning holes 44 on the surface of the base plate 4 facing away from the bottom plate 1. For example, when machining a rectangular workpiece 9, a set of positioning holes 44 at a suitable distance from the center of the base plate 4 is selected based on the length and width of the workpiece 9. The two radially distributed positioning pin holes in this set can correspond to the two vertical reference edges of the workpiece 9, respectively. After selecting the positioning hole set 44, the positioning pins 8 are inserted into the positioning pin holes in this set, ensuring that the positioning pins 8 and the positioning pin holes are tightly fitted without any looseness. Next, the workpiece 9 is placed on the base plate 4, so that the two vertical reference edges of the workpiece 9 are in close contact with the two positioning pins 8, respectively. The positioning pins 8 achieve automatic alignment of the workpiece 9, preventing the workpiece 9 from shifting or rotating. If the height of the machined surface of the workpiece 9 does not meet the requirements, a shim can be placed between the workpiece 9 and the base plate 4 to adjust the height of the workpiece 9 to a suitable position. Next, place a pressure plate on top of the workpiece 9 so that the pressure plate covers the appropriate position of the workpiece 9 to avoid obstructing the processing area. Through the screw holes on the base plate 4 that are matched with the positioning hole group 44, pass the locking screw 51 of the workpiece 9 through the hole of the pressure plate and screw it into the screw hole of the base plate 4. Gradually tighten the screw until the workpiece 9 is firmly fixed on the base plate 4.

[0055] The design of multiple sets of radially arranged positioning holes 44 greatly improves the versatility of the tooling, enabling it to adapt to workpieces 9 of different shapes and sizes. This eliminates the need for designing dedicated positioning tooling for each type of workpiece 9, significantly reducing tooling investment costs. Each set of two radially distributed positioning pin holes positions the workpiece 9 from two perpendicular directions, ensuring positioning accuracy and preventing displacement or rotation during processing, thus improving machining consistency. The radially uniform distribution allows the positioning hole sets 44 to cover different areas of the substrate 4, meeting the needs of workpiece 9 installation in different positions. For example, when machining small workpieces 9, the positioning hole set 44 near the center of the substrate 4 can be selected, while for large workpieces 9, the positioning hole set 44 near the edge of the substrate 4 can be selected, increasing the flexibility of the tooling. Furthermore, the standardized design of the positioning hole sets 44 facilitates the unified replacement and management of the positioning pins 8, reducing the types of spare parts, lowering maintenance costs, and simplifying the workpiece 9 clamping steps, improving clamping efficiency. This is particularly suitable for small-batch, multi-variety workpiece 9 production scenarios.

[0056] According to the embodiments of this application, refer to Figure 2 and Figure 6The surface facing away from the base plate 1 has eight sets of positioning holes 44 evenly distributed radially from its centerline. Since the eight sets of positioning holes 44 are evenly distributed radially from the centerline of the base plate 4, the included angle between adjacent sets of positioning pin holes is 45°, which can cover common workpiece 9 installation angle requirements. For example, when workpiece 9 needs to be installed at a 45° angle for processing, a positioning hole set 44 with one set spaced apart can be directly selected without additional adjustment of the base plate 4 angle; when processing a circular workpiece 9, positioning hole sets 44 with different radii can be selected according to the diameter of workpiece 9 to ensure that the positioning pin 8 can effectively restrict the rotation of workpiece 9. After selecting the positioning hole set 44, the positioning pin 8 is inserted into the positioning pin hole, and the firmness of the positioning pin 8 is checked. Then, the workpiece 9 is placed on the base plate 4, so that the reference edge of workpiece 9 is in close contact with the positioning pin 8, achieving automatic alignment. If workpiece 9 has an irregular shape, the contact position between workpiece 9 and positioning pin 8 can be adjusted, or other suitable positioning hole sets 44 can be selected to ensure accurate positioning of workpiece 9. Then, the workpiece 9 is fixed on the base plate 4 using a pressure plate and locking screws 51, and the height of the workpiece 9 is adjusted by placing shims as needed.

[0057] The eight sets of positioning holes 44 can meet the positioning requirements of most common workpieces 9 without reducing the strength of the substrate 4 due to an excessive number of positioning hole sets 44. Too many positioning hole sets 44 would weaken the structural strength of the substrate 4, potentially causing deformation during processing and affecting the machining accuracy of the workpiece 9; too few positioning hole sets 44 would fail to meet the positioning requirements of various workpieces 9, limiting the versatility of the tooling. The distribution of the eight sets of positioning hole sets 44 maximizes the adaptability of the tooling while ensuring the strength of the substrate 4. Simultaneously, the eight sets of positioning hole sets 44 can be standardized through an indexing plate, allowing for the machining of all positioning pin holes in a single clamping operation, improving the machining efficiency of the substrate 4 and reducing machining costs. In actual production, operators do not need to frequently change tooling or adjust the positioning method; they can simply select different positioning hole sets 44 to clamp different workpieces 9, significantly shortening mold change time and improving the equipment utilization rate of the machining center.

[0058] According to an embodiment of this application, referring to the figures, the base plate 4 of the general quick-change fixture for the machining center is symmetrically provided with two handles 7. During operation, before the fixture is used for the first time, the two handles 7 are symmetrically installed on the base plate 4. Typically, the midpoints of two opposite sides of the base plate 4 are selected as installation points, ensuring that the line connecting the centers of the two handles 7 passes through the geometric center of the base plate 4. The handles 7 are then firmly fixed to the base plate 4 with screws. The stability of the handle installation is checked to prevent loosening during use. During the installation of the base plate 4, the operator holds the two symmetrical handles 7 with both hands and adjusts the posture of the base plate 4 according to the position of the positioning strips on the base plate 1, so that the two adjacent outer sidewalls of the base plate 4 correspond to the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3. The base plate 4 is then slowly moved above the base plate 1. At this time, the symmetrical handles 7 allow the operator to more stably control the position and descent speed of the base plate 4, preventing the base plate 4 from colliding with the base plate 1 or the positioning strips. After the base plate 4 is placed on the base plate 1, the locking mechanism 5 is installed and locked. After workpiece 9 is processed, the operator loosens the locking screw 51, grasps the two symmetrical handles 7 with both hands again, and steadily removes the substrate 4 along with the processed workpiece 9 from the base plate 1, transporting it to an external operating table for workpiece 9 disassembly. During transport, the symmetrical handles 7 ensure even force distribution on the substrate 4, preventing tilting due to unilateral force and avoiding workpiece 9 slipping off the substrate 4 or colliding with other objects. This symmetrical handle design enables tool-less loading and unloading of the substrate 4, eliminating the need for cranes, forklifts, or other auxiliary equipment, reducing the requirements for space and equipment, and improving operational flexibility. Simultaneously, the symmetrical structure conforms to ergonomic design, allowing the operator to apply force evenly with both hands, reducing labor intensity and minimizing fatigue even during prolonged loading and unloading operations, thus improving work efficiency. Furthermore, the handles 7 facilitate the handling and storage of the substrate 4; when not in use, the substrate 4 can be suspended using the handles 7, saving storage space. During mold changing, the fast and stable loading and unloading of the substrate 4 can significantly shorten the standby time of the machining center and improve equipment utilization. Especially for workpieces 9 with short processing time, the role of the handle 7 is more obvious, which can effectively reduce the impact of mold changing on production efficiency.

[0059] Secondly, this application also discloses a quick-change system for a machining center, which includes a base plate 1 fixedly installed on the workbench of the machining center, and at least two sets of clamping units interchangeably installed on the base plate 1. Each set of clamping units includes the aforementioned base plate 4, first positioning bar 2, second positioning bar 3 and locking mechanism 5. The at least two sets of clamping units are configured to be used alternately. When one set of clamping units is installed on the base plate 1 and is in the machining state, the other set of clamping units is in the workpiece 9 clamping preparation state outside the machine.

[0060] In actual operation, two sets of fixture units with completely identical structures are selected (more sets can be added according to production needs). Each fixture unit includes a base plate 4 adapted to the base plate 1, a first positioning strip 2 and a second positioning strip 3 for positioning, and a locking mechanism 5 for locking. Each fixture unit is individually debugged to check whether the perpendicularity of the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3 meets the requirements. The fitting gap between the pressing slope 521 of the pressing block 52 in the locking mechanism 5 and the corresponding corner slope 41 of the base plate 4 is calibrated to ensure that the two are in tight contact without looseness. At the same time, the installation compatibility between the base plate 4 and the base plate 1 is tested to ensure that each fixture unit can be smoothly installed on the base plate 1 and that the positioning accuracy is consistent after installation.

[0061] When the system is in operation, an alternating operation mode is adopted: First, the first set of fixture units is installed on the fixed base plate 1. The initial positioning is achieved by the precise fit between the lower end face of the base plate 4 and the base plate 1. The positions of the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3 are adjusted so that they are opposite to the adjacent outer side walls of the base plate 4. Then, the locking mechanism 5 is operated, and the locking screw 51 is tightened to drive the clamping block 52 to move. Through the cooperation between the clamping inclined surface 521 and the inclined surface 41 of the base plate, the two adjacent outer side walls of the base plate 4 are forced to simultaneously abut against the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3, thus completing the installation and fixing of the first set of fixture units. At this time, the fixture unit is in the processing state, and the machining center can process the workpiece 9 that has been clamped on the base plate 4.

[0062] While the first fixture unit is in the processing state, the operator prepares the second fixture unit for clamping workpiece 9 on the operating table outside the machining center: according to the shape and size of the workpiece 9 to be processed, select the appropriate positioning hole group 44 on the base plate 4 of the second fixture unit, insert the positioning pin 8, place the workpiece 9 on the base plate 4, and achieve automatic alignment through the positioning pin 8. If the height of the workpiece 9 does not meet the processing requirements, a shim can be placed between the workpiece 9 and the base plate 4 for adjustment. Then, the workpiece 9 is firmly fixed on the base plate 4 using the pressure plate and workpiece locking screw. After clamping is completed, the second fixture unit is in the workpiece clamping preparation state to be replaced, waiting for the first fixture unit to complete the current processing task.

[0063] After the workpiece 9 on the first fixture unit is processed, the operator immediately goes to the machining center, loosens the locking screws 51 of the fixture unit, and releases the fixing relationship between the base plate 4 and the base plate 1. If the base plate 4 is equipped with a handle 7, the first fixture unit is removed from the fixed base plate 1 using the handle 7 and transported to the external operating table. Then, the second fixture unit, which is in a state of waiting to be replaced, is transported to the machining center. Following the same installation steps as the first fixture unit, it is precisely installed onto the fixed base plate 1 and locked. The machining center is then started to process the workpiece 9 on the second fixture unit. During this process, the mold change operation does not require moving or adjusting the fixed base plate 1; only the fixture unit needs to be replaced, which greatly shortens the mold change time.

[0064] While the second set of fixture units is in the processing state, the operator performs subsequent processing on the first set of fixture units removed from the base plate 1: loosen the locking screws 51, remove the pressure plate and positioning pins 8, remove the processed workpiece 9 from the base plate 4, use compressed air or special cleaning tools to remove chips, oil stains and other impurities from the surface of the base plate 4, check whether the first positioning strip 2, the second positioning strip 3 and the locking mechanism 5 are worn or damaged, and replace or repair any parts with slight wear in time. Then, according to the clamping requirements of the new workpiece 9, the new workpiece 9 is clamped on the base plate 4 of the fixture unit, so that it is transformed into the workpiece 9 to be replaced clamping ready state, in preparation for the next mold change.

[0065] If the production workload is large, three or more fixture units can be configured. While ensuring that one fixture unit is in the processing state, multiple fixture units can be used in parallel outside the machine to prepare for workpiece clamping, further reducing mold change waiting time.

[0066] This quick-change system, through the combination design of a fixed base plate 1 and interchangeable fixture units, completely eliminates the cumbersome steps of adjusting the base plate position and calibrating the coordinate system during traditional mold changing processes, greatly simplifying the mold changing operation process. The alternating use mode enables parallel operation of in-machine processing and off-machine clamping, transferring the clamping process that originally occupied the time of the machining center equipment to the outside, greatly improving the equipment utilization rate of the machining center, and is especially suitable for small-batch, multi-variety workpiece production scenarios. At the same time, each fixture unit has a consistent structure and is interchangeable, reducing tooling maintenance costs and operator training difficulty. The system has high overall flexibility and can quickly adapt to the processing needs of different types of workpieces, meeting the requirements of flexible production in modern manufacturing.

[0067] The working principle of the universal quick-change fixture for machining centers in this application is explained below with reference to a specific machining process:

[0068] Step 1: Install base plate 1. Place base plate 1 on the worktable of the machining center equipment. Use a dial indicator to calibrate the straight edge of base plate 1, ensuring that it is completely aligned with the X and Y axes of the machine tool coordinate system. Then, secure base plate 1 to the worktable using Allen screws. After installation, check for any looseness in base plate 1 and ensure there are no gaps between base plate 1 and the worktable.

[0069] Step 2: Positioning Strip Installation. Select two wedge-shaped positioning strips, the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3. The side of the first positioning strip 2 facing the substrate 4 is machined with a 15° first positioning bevel 21, and the side of the second positioning strip 3 facing the substrate 4 is machined with a 15° second positioning bevel 31. The inclination direction of both positioning bevels is from away from the base plate 1 towards the base plate 1, gradually moving away from the substrate 4. Place the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3 on the base plate 1 in a mutually perpendicular relationship. Use a right-angle ruler to calibrate the perpendicularity, ensuring that the included angle is 90°±0.002°. Then, use positioning pins to initially position the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3, and then fasten the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3 to the base plate 1 with screws to form a right-angled area with acceptable accuracy. The locking mechanism 5 is installed on the angle bisector of this right-angled area.

[0070] Step 3: Install handles 7. Drill and tap holes at the midpoints of the two opposite sides of the square substrate 4 to create threaded holes that match the handles 7. Install the two ergonomic handles 7 symmetrically onto the substrate 4 using screws. During installation, ensure that the handles 7 fit tightly against the surface of the substrate 4 without any wobbling. This operation is only performed when the fixture is used for the first time and does not need to be repeated subsequently.

[0071] Step 4: Pre-clamping with the spare fixture. Install another set of identical universal quick-change fixtures on the external operating table of the equipment. Based on the dimensions of the workpiece 9 to be processed (taking a rectangular metal workpiece 9 as an example), the operator selects a set of positioning holes 50mm from the center of the base plate 4 out of the eight sets of radial positioning holes 44 on the surface of the base plate 4 facing away from the base plate 1. Insert the positioning pin 8 into the positioning pin hole, ensuring that the clearance between the positioning pin 8 and the positioning pin hole does not exceed 0.03mm. Place the workpiece 9 on the base plate 4, ensuring that the long and short sides of the workpiece 9 are in close contact with the two positioning pins 8 respectively. Check the contact clearance with a feeler gauge, ensuring it does not exceed 0.02mm. Place a 2mm thick pad under the workpiece 9, making the processing surface of the workpiece 9 10mm higher than the surface of the base plate 4. Then, place an L-shaped pressure plate on top of the workpiece 9, with one end covering the edge of the workpiece 9, and the other end secured with a workpiece locking screw through the screw hole on the base plate 4, completing the pre-clamping of the workpiece 9.

[0072] Step 5: Install the base plate 4 using the fixture. The operator holds the two symmetrical handles 7 of the base plate 4, which already has the workpiece 9 mounted on it, and steadily moves the base plate 4 onto the base plate 1 of the machining center worktable, so that the first mating slope 42 of the base plate 4 corresponds to the first positioning slope 21 of the first positioning strip 2, and the second mating slope 43 corresponds to the second positioning slope 31 of the second positioning strip 3. Slowly lower the base plate 4 so that the lower end face of the base plate 4 fits against the 1mm high boss on the base plate 1 to achieve initial positioning. Visually inspect the relative position of the base plate 4 and the positioning strip to ensure there is no significant offset.

[0073] Step 6: Install the transition block 6 and the locking mechanism 5. Select the transition block 6, ensuring that the parallelism error between its two mating planes does not exceed 0.02mm, and that the plane angle with the clamping inclined surface 521 is 15°. Place the transition block 6 between the inclined surface 41 of the substrate 4 at the corresponding corner and the clamping inclined surface 521 of the clamping block 52. Adjust the position of the transition block 6 so that it is completely fitted with the two inclined surfaces without gaps. Pre-install the clamping block 52 on the base plate 1 (located on the angle bisector of the right angle area) using the locking screw 51. Tighten the locking screw 51 clockwise using a torque wrench. During this process, observe the movement of the substrate 4 to ensure that the two adjacent outer walls of the substrate 4 simultaneously and completely abut against the first positioning strip 2 and the second positioning strip 3. Use a dial indicator to check the positioning accuracy of the substrate 4.

[0074] Step 7: Machining of workpiece 9. Start the machining center, call the preset machining program, and perform milling machining on workpiece 9 on substrate 4.

[0075] Step 8: Mold Change Operation. After workpiece 9 is machined, use a torque wrench to loosen the locking screw 51 counterclockwise, remove the transition block 6, and rotate the clamping block 52 90° to avoid obstructing the removal of the substrate 4. The operator holds the two handles 7 of the substrate 4 with both hands and steadily removes the substrate 4 containing the machined workpiece 9 from the base plate 1 and moves it to the external operating table. Immediately install the substrate 4, which is pre-loaded with the next workpiece 9 to be processed, onto the base plate 1 according to the method in steps 5-6 to complete the mold change. The mold change time should be controlled within 2 minutes. Then, start the machining center to process the next workpiece 9.

[0076] Step 9: Disassembly of workpiece 9 and cleaning of tooling. On the external operating table, loosen the locking screw 51 of the machined workpiece 9, remove the L-shaped pressure plate and positioning pin 8, remove workpiece 9 from the base plate 4, use compressed air to clean the chips and impurities on the surface of the base plate 4, check whether the base plate 4, positioning strip, transition block 6 and other components are worn. If the wear on the surface of the transition block 6 exceeds the set value, replace the new transition block 6. Then install the next workpiece to be processed on the base plate 4, so that the fixture becomes a spare fixture, in preparation for the next mold change, to achieve continuous production.

[0077] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0078] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0079] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A universal quick-change fixture for machining centers, characterized in that, include: The base plate (1) is fixedly connected with a first positioning strip (2) and a second positioning strip (3) that are perpendicular to each other. The substrate (4) has two adjacent outer sidewalls that are respectively opposite to the first positioning strip (2) and the second positioning strip (3); A locking mechanism (5) is provided in the right-angle area formed by the first positioning strip (2) and the second positioning strip (3); the locking mechanism (5) includes a pressing block (52) connected to the base plate (1) by a locking screw (51), the pressing block (52) having a pressing slope (521); the corresponding corner of the base plate (4) is provided with a base plate (4) slope that cooperates with the pressing slope (521); Tightening the locking screw (51) drives the pressing block (52) to move. Through the cooperation between the pressing inclined surface (521) and the inclined surface of the substrate (4), the two adjacent outer sidewalls of the substrate (4) are forced to simultaneously abut against the first positioning strip (2) and the second positioning strip (3).

2. The universal quick-change fixture for machining centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The locking mechanism (5) is located on the angle bisector of the right-angle region.

3. The universal quick-change fixture for machining centers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The side of the first positioning strip (2) facing the substrate (4) is the first positioning slope (21). The first positioning slope (21) gradually tilts away from the substrate (4) from the direction away from the bottom plate (1) and towards the direction close to the bottom plate (1). The side wall of the substrate (4) that is inclined to cooperate with the first positioning slope (21) is the first cooperation slope (42). The side of the second positioning strip (3) facing the substrate (4) is the second positioning slope (31). The second positioning slope (31) gradually tilts away from the substrate (4) from the direction away from the bottom plate (1) and towards the direction close to the bottom plate (1). The side wall of the substrate (4) that is inclined to cooperate with the second positioning slope (31) is the second mating slope (43).

4. The universal quick-change fixture for machining centers according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first positioning inclined surface (21) and the second positioning inclined surface (31) have the same inclination angle, and both are between 10° and 30°.

5. The universal quick-change fixture for machining centers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It also includes a transition block (6), which is sandwiched between the pressing inclined surface (521) and the inclined surface of the substrate (4), and the plane of the transition block (6) and the pressing inclined surface (521) that are inclined to fit together are parallel to the plane of the transition block (6) and the inclined surface of the substrate (4).

6. The universal quick-change fixture for machining centers according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inclination angle of the clamping ramp (521) is 10° to 30°.

7. The universal quick-change fixture for machining centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate (4) has multiple sets of positioning holes (44) that are radially and uniformly distributed around its center line on the surface facing away from the base plate (1). Each set contains two radially distributed positioning pin holes. The general quick-change fixture for machining centers also includes multiple positioning pins (8) for pre-fixing workpieces (9).

8. The universal quick-change fixture for machining centers according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of groups of positioning holes (44) is 8.

9. The universal quick-change fixture for machining centers according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two handles (7) are symmetrically arranged on the substrate (4).

10. A quick-change system for a machining center, characterized in that, A base plate (1) is fixedly installed on the workbench of the machining center. and at least two sets of clamping units that are interchangeably mounted on the base plate (1); Each of the aforementioned clamping units includes a base plate (4) as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, a first positioning bar (2), a second positioning bar (3), and a locking mechanism (5); The at least two sets of clamping units are configured to be used alternately. When one set of clamping units is installed on the base plate (1) and is in the processing state, the other set of clamping units is in the workpiece clamping preparation state outside the machine.

Images