Guide-blocking-blocking-storage protection system for avalanche of plateau alpine railway

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of avalanche protection along a railway, in particular to a plateau high and cold railway avalanche guiding-blocking-blocking-storing protection system, which is characterized in that a snow guiding structure, a snow blocking structure, a snow blocking structure and a snow storing and discharging structure are respectively arranged at different positions on an avalanche line, and the initial snow flow direction is guided through the snow guiding structure at an avalanche triggering stage; the snow blocking structure in the avalanche development stage is used for blocking part of snow flow and weakening the kinetic energy of the snow flow, the snow flow rushing into the line is further reduced, and the snow blocking structure close to the railway line is used for blocking most of the snow. And finally, part of snow leaked from the snow blocking structure is stored through the snow storing and discharging structure, and melted snow water is discharged in time through the water outlet, so that accumulated snow is prevented from being accumulated and entering the railway line. Finally, guiding-blocking-blocking-storing full-process active and passive cooperative prevention and control of avalanche disasters along the plateau railway are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of avalanche protection technology along railway lines, and in particular to an avalanche guidance-blocking-resistance-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways. Background Technology

[0002] Avalanches are frequent in high-altitude regions, and railways along these routes are often threatened by them. Avalanches not only directly destroy tracks and other facilities, but the snow accumulation on the ballast bed can also cause train derailments, seriously affecting passenger safety and train operation. Therefore, avalanche protection for high-altitude railways is crucial. Currently, global efforts in avalanche protection for high-altitude railways remain insufficient. Conventional measures adopted by countries like Switzerland, the United States, and Japan have limited effectiveness, while China's Qinghai-Tibet and Sichuan-Tibet high-altitude railways face even more significant environmental challenges due to their unique geographical and climatic conditions.

[0003] Given the frequent avalanches in the Alps, Austria employs protective forests and utilizes remote sensing technology combining digital elevation models, high-resolution RGB orthophotos, and random forest algorithms to assess their avalanche protection effectiveness. Clearly, these measures are not suitable for the more complex terrain and climate along China's plateau railways, the longer track spans, and the operational scenarios required to ensure continuous operation.

[0004] For avalanche protection scenarios on China's plateau railways, traditional methods often employ single snow nets or snow walls to reduce the direct impact of snow on the railway line. While this method can provide some protection against low-level avalanches, its effectiveness significantly weakens with increasing avalanche energy in the face of high-intensity, large-scale avalanches. Furthermore, a single protective structure cannot protect against all stages of avalanche development, allowing snow to still spill onto the tracks and threaten train safety.

[0005] Therefore, the real solution to the problem of avalanche protection under the long-distance and complex climatic conditions of China's plateau railways is to propose a comprehensive avalanche protection and coordinated protection measures suitable for the avalanche protection scenario of plateau railways, and to realize the transformation and upgrading of avalanche disaster management along plateau railways from passive blocking of a single structure to active guidance, interception, blocking and storage of multiple stages and structures. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the aforementioned background technology by providing a system that considers different stages of avalanche, such as the triggering stage, the development stage, and the approach stage to the railway line, and achieves coordinated active and passive prevention and control of avalanche disasters along plateau railway lines through the entire process of "guidance-blocking-resistance-storage".

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an avalanche guidance-blocking-resistance-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways, comprising a snow guiding structure, a snow blocking structure, a snow shielding structure, and a snow storage and desiccation structure;

[0008] The snow guiding structure includes an arc-shaped snow guide wall, a single-sided inclined snow guide wall, and an anchoring foundation. Both the arc-shaped snow guide wall and the single-sided inclined snow guide wall are installed in the avalanche source area through the anchoring foundation. The arc-shaped snow guide wall has an arc-shaped surface to allow the vertically impacting snow flow to slide down to both sides along the arc-shaped surface, controlling the snow flow to pass through the gap between two adjacent arc-shaped snow guide walls. The single-sided inclined snow guide wall is located downstream of the arc-shaped snow guide wall to receive the snow flow sliding down from between the arc-shaped snow guide walls and guide the snow flow away from the railway line.

[0009] The snow-blocking structure is disposed between the snow-guiding structure and the snow-blocking structure, and includes an arc-shaped snow-blocking block. The arc-shaped snow-blocking block has a concave snow-blocking groove in the direction of snowfall. The snow-blocking groove is used to intercept the flowing snow and reduce its kinetic energy.

[0010] The snow-blocking structure includes a snow-blocking net, a support frame, and a base. The snow-blocking net is connected to the support frame, and the support frame is connected to the base. The snow-blocking net is the main body for receiving snow flow.

[0011] The snow storage and snow removal structure is set between the mountain slope and the railway line, including a snow interception trough excavated adjacent to the end of the mountain slope, clay backfilled in the snow interception trough, graded gravel laid in the snow interception trough, and snow interception net arranged on the graded gravel. The clay is used to cut off the permeable layer to prevent snow water from seeping into the foundation, and a drainage outlet is provided at the bottom of the snow interception trough.

[0012] Furthermore, the arc-shaped snow guide wall is made of reinforced concrete, and the anchoring foundation is a reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile.

[0013] Furthermore, the arc-shaped snow guide wall has an arc surface that is either an asymmetric surface or a parabolic surface, in order to conform to the multiphase flow field of avalanche simulated by computational fluid dynamics.

[0014] Furthermore, the corresponding surface of the arc-shaped snow guide wall is provided with a hydrophobic / ice-repellent coating.

[0015] Furthermore, multiple arc-shaped snow-blocking blocks are arranged in an array, and the array of arc-shaped snow-blocking blocks, after being filled with snow, forms micro-topography in a localized area to reduce the kinetic energy and speed of the snow flow.

[0016] Furthermore, the snow net is woven from hot-dip galvanized low-carbon steel wire, the support frame is made of hot-dip galvanized steel pipe, and the base is fixed to the ground using hot-rolled steel plate.

[0017] Furthermore, the length, number, and mesh density of the snow net can be selectively set.

[0018] Furthermore, the snow-cutting trough is trapezoidal, and the height of the snow-cutting net is lower than the highest point of the snow-cutting trough.

[0019] Furthermore, the snow on the snow interception net is either directly cleared or melted away by heating.

[0020] The above-described solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The avalanche guidance-blocking-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways provided by this invention features snow-guiding structures, snow-blocking structures, snow-blocking structures, and snow-storage and snow-drainage structures at different locations along the avalanche path. During the avalanche triggering stage, the snow-guiding structures guide the initial snow flow, reducing the convergence of snow masses towards the railway line. Then, during the avalanche development stage, the snow-blocking structures intercept part of the snow flow and weaken its kinetic energy, further reducing the amount of snow flowing into the railway line. The snow-blocking structures near the railway line block most of the snow mass. Finally, the snow-storage and snow-drainage structures store some of the snow that leaks from the snow-blocking structures and drain the melted snow water through drainage outlets, preventing snow accumulation and its entry into the railway line. Ultimately, this system achieves a coordinated active and passive prevention and control of avalanche disasters along high-altitude railway lines, encompassing the entire process of "guidance-blocking-storage."

[0022] Other beneficial effects of the present invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is an overall block diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the snow guiding structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the snow-blocking structure of the present invention, wherein (a) is a snow-blocking structure array and (b) is an arc-shaped snow-blocking block;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the snow-blocking structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the snow storage and snow removal structure of the present invention.

[0028] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0029] 10-Snow guiding structure; 11-Arc-shaped snow guiding wall; 12-Single-sided inclined snow guiding wall; 20-Snow interception structure; 21-Arc-shaped snow interception block; 30-Snow blocking structure; 31-Snow blocking net; 32-Supporting frame; 33-Base; 40-Snow storage and snow discharge structure; 41-Snow interception trough; 42-Graded gravel; 43-Snow interception net; 44-Drainage outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the technical problems, solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, a detailed description will be provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a locking connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides an avalanche guidance-blocking-resistance-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways, including a snow-guiding structure 10 for the avalanche triggering stage, a snow-blocking structure 20 for the development stage, a snow-blocking structure 30 near the railway line, and a snow-storage and snow-drainage structure 40. The avalanche triggering stage refers to the initial stage of an avalanche, i.e., in a snow-covered area, such as a steep slope or gully, the stress balance within the snow is broken, causing part of the snow layer or the entire snow mass to separate from the underlying surface, initiating the avalanche's movement in an instant or for a short period. At this time, the snow mass has just left a stationary state and is moving slowly, but it already possesses potential energy. Therefore, the design goal of the snow-guiding structure 10 is not to rigidly prevent the avalanche from occurring, but to actively intervene and guide the moving snow mass.

[0034] Based on this, such as Figure 2As shown, the snow guiding structure 10 in the avalanche triggering stage includes an arc-shaped snow guide wall 11 and an anchoring foundation. For example, the arc-shaped snow guide wall 11 is made of reinforced concrete, and the anchoring foundation is also made of reinforced concrete cast-in-place piles. The arc-shaped snow guide wall 11 is installed in the source area of ​​the avalanche-prone region through the anchoring foundation. Since the initial avalanche spread range is small in the source area, the arc-shaped snow guide wall 11 can receive most of the snow flow. Under the action of gravity, the snow flow that impacts the arc-shaped snow guide wall 11 perpendicularly will slide down to both sides along the arc-shaped surface of the wall to control the snow flow to pass through the gap (channel) between two adjacent arc-shaped snow guide walls 11, thus achieving the purpose of primary guidance of the snow flow. In addition, a single-sided inclined snow guide wall 12 is further set downstream of the arc-shaped snow guide wall 11 to receive the snow flow sliding down from between the arc-shaped snow guide walls 11 and guide it away from the railway line under the action of gravity, thus achieving the purpose of secondary guidance of the snow flow.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the arc-shaped snow guide wall 11 has an asymmetric or parabolic surface, making it more consistent with the multiphase flow field of avalanches simulated by computational fluid dynamics. This is particularly effective for guiding the gas phase of powder avalanches, reducing turbulence and snow fog. Furthermore, a hydrophobic / ice-repellent coating can be applied to the corresponding surface of the arc-shaped snow guide wall 11. This significantly reduces the adhesion of wet snow to the wall surface, ensuring efficient sliding along the arc at any temperature and preventing snow accumulation from altering the contour of the arc-shaped snow guide wall 11 and causing it to fail. Therefore, the combination of the arc-shaped snow guide wall 11 and the single-sided inclined snow guide wall 12 allows the initial avalanche in the source region to flow and develop in a direction away from the railway line, thereby guiding the avalanche away from the railway line as much as possible during the triggering stage and reducing the intensity of its subsequent development along the railway line.

[0036] It is worth mentioning that active triggering modules can be further deployed in the source area to enable avalanches to occur in a smaller, more controllable manner. For example, acoustic / resonator triggering, combined with snow-guiding structures, forms a dual control mode in the source area: "active triggering + structural guidance," maximizing the smooth flow and safety of the railway along the plateau. Before using active triggering modules, it is necessary to accurately determine the stability of the snow cover in the source area through meteorological stations, snow observation stations, remote sensing satellites, or on-site surveys. Active triggering is generally carried out only when the snow cover is confirmed to be in a metastable or critical state. Before triggering, it must be ensured that there are no people, vehicles, or animals in the target avalanche path and affected area. At this time, the railway (or other roads) below must be temporarily closed. Triggering can be carried out in the early morning, at night, or before severe weather, as these times are typically uninhabited, and new snow or warming may soon trigger natural avalanches; early triggering provides a significant advantage.

[0037] The avalanche development stage refers to the phase after an avalanche is triggered, during which the snow mass moves at high speed along the slope or gully, continuously impacting and carrying more snow and debris, with energy accumulating and amplifying. This stage is also known as the avalanche "movement zone" or "flow zone." This is the phase where the avalanche's energy continuously intensifies and its destructive force increases. At this time, the snow mass is in a gas-solid mixed state (powder avalanche) or a block sliding state (wet snow avalanche), with speeds reaching tens of meters per second and immense impact force. Therefore, as... Figure 3 As shown, the snow-blocking structure 20 in the development stage includes an arc-shaped snow-blocking block 21 made of reinforced concrete, which is placed between the snow-guiding structure 10 and the snow-blocking structure 30. The arc-shaped snow-blocking block 21 has a concave snow-blocking groove in the snow-facing direction. This groove intercepts the flowing snow, and the impact of the snow flow with the groove dissipates some of its kinetic energy, reducing its speed and causing some snow to deposit closer to the railway line, thus reducing the amount of snow that may enter the railway.

[0038] It is worth mentioning that multiple arc-shaped snow-blocking blocks 21 need to be arranged in the corresponding area. If the arc-shaped snow-blocking blocks 21 are not cleared of snow in time, the array of arc-shaped snow-blocking blocks 21 after being filled with snow can form a micro-topography in a local area, similar to the principle of a "speed bump". Through friction and collision with the snow body, it can also reduce the kinetic energy and speed of the snow flow. The length, number and spacing of the snow-blocking structure 20 can be reasonably set according to the speed, volume and protection requirements of the snow flow to achieve a better snow-blocking effect.

[0039] In this embodiment, the snow-blocking structure 30, located downstream of the snow-blocking structure 20 and very close to the railway line, is responsible for blocking the avalanche remnants that still arrive after being weakened, ensuring the safety of facilities and train operations along the railway line. Meanwhile, as... Figure 4 As shown, the snow-blocking structure 30 specifically includes a snow-blocking net 31, a support frame 32, and a base 33. The snow-blocking net 31 is woven from hot-dip galvanized low-carbon steel wire. The support frame 32 can be made of hot-dip galvanized steel pipe, and the snow-blocking net 31 is welded and fixed to the support frame 32. The base 33 is fixed to the ground using hot-rolled steel plate to provide a stable support foundation, and the support frame 32 is fixedly connected to the base 33. Through the blocking effect of the snow-blocking net 31, the snow flow velocity can be further reduced, and most of the snow flow is absorbed, mainly in solid form. Only a small portion of faster-moving or more humid snow flow may flow out through the mesh. It should be noted that the length, number, and mesh density of the snow-blocking net 31 can be reasonably set based on relevant monitoring data or experience, according to the snow flow velocity, volume, and state, to achieve the desired snow-blocking effect.

[0040] In this embodiment, the snow storage and snow removal structure 40 is arranged between the mountain slope and the railway line, and simultaneously... Figure 5As shown, the snow interception trough 41 is excavated adjacent to the end of the mountain slope, clay is backfilled in the snow interception trough 41, graded gravel 42 is laid in the snow interception trough 41, and snow interception net 43 is laid on the graded gravel 42. In one specific embodiment, the snow interception trough 41 can be set as a trapezoid as shown in the figure, and the height of the snow interception net 43 is lower than the highest point of the snow interception trough 41. After excavating the snow interception trough 41, the backfill clay is used to cut off the permeable layer and prevent snow water infiltration from causing foundation deformation. A drainage outlet 44 is also provided at the bottom of the snow interception trough 41. When the snow flow passes through the snow interception trough 41, it slides down onto the snow interception net 43 under the action of gravity. Affected by temperature, precipitation and its own water content, some of the near-liquid snow flow can seep through the snow interception net 43 and be directly discharged from the drainage outlet 44 at the bottom of the snow interception trough 41 (to a designated location). The snow flow that is closer to solid is directly caught on the snow interception net 43, and can be drained away by direct cleaning or heating to melt it.

[0041] For example, when using heating and melting measures, antifreeze circulation pipes can be pre-embedded in the snow interception trough 41. These pipes circulate the antifreeze via a circulation pump. Simultaneously, solar collectors are installed on one side of the snow interception trough 41 to collect solar energy and heat the antifreeze, maintaining the density of the graded gravel inside the trough 41 above the freezing point. After an avalanche, the lower part of the snow interception net 43 contacts the actively heated graded gravel 42. The bottom of the snow blocks intercepted by the net 43 will continuously and controllably melt, and the meltwater will quickly drain away through the gravel layer and drainage outlet 44, further accelerating the snow removal cycle and freeing up capacity for the next avalanche. Additionally, soil moisture sensors can be pre-embedded in the soil to monitor the effectiveness of clay impermeability, ensuring that snowmelt infiltration does not cause foundation deformation.

[0042] In summary, the avalanche guidance-blocking-resistance-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways provided in this embodiment guides the initial snow flow through the snow-guiding structure 10 during the avalanche triggering stage, reducing the convergence of snow masses towards the railway line area. Then, the snow-blocking structure 20 during the avalanche development stage intercepts part of the snow flow and weakens its kinetic energy, further reducing the amount of snow flowing into the railway line. The snow-blocking structure 30 near the railway line blocks most of the snow mass. Finally, the snow storage and drainage structure 40 stores some of the snow leaking from the snow-blocking structure 30, and the drainage outlet 44 promptly drains away the melted snow water, preventing snow accumulation and its entry into the railway line. Ultimately, this achieves a coordinated active and passive prevention and control system for avalanche disasters along high-altitude railway lines, encompassing the entire process of "guidance-blocking-resistance-storage."

[0043] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0044] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A plateau alpine railway avalanche guiding, blocking, resisting and storing protection system, characterized in that, This includes snow guiding structures, snow blocking structures, snow retaining structures, and snow storage and discharging structures; The snow guiding structure includes an arc-shaped snow guide wall, a single-sided inclined snow guide wall, and an anchoring foundation. Both the arc-shaped snow guide wall and the single-sided inclined snow guide wall are installed in the avalanche source area through the anchoring foundation. The arc-shaped snow guide wall has an arc-shaped surface to allow the vertically impacting snow flow to slide down to both sides along the arc-shaped surface, controlling the snow flow to pass through the gap between two adjacent arc-shaped snow guide walls. The single-sided inclined snow guide wall is located downstream of the arc-shaped snow guide wall to receive the snow flow sliding down from between the arc-shaped snow guide walls and guide the snow flow away from the railway line. The snow-blocking structure is disposed between the snow-guiding structure and the snow-blocking structure, and includes an arc-shaped snow-blocking block. The arc-shaped snow-blocking block has a concave snow-blocking groove in the direction of snowfall. The snow-blocking groove is used to intercept the flowing snow and reduce its kinetic energy. The snow-blocking structure includes a snow-blocking net, a support frame, and a base. The snow-blocking net is connected to the support frame, and the support frame is connected to the base. The snow-blocking net is the main body for receiving snow flow. The snow storage and snow removal structure is set between the mountain slope and the railway line, including a snow interception trough excavated adjacent to the end of the mountain slope, clay backfilled in the snow interception trough, graded gravel laid in the snow interception trough, and snow interception net arranged on the graded gravel. The clay is used to cut off the permeable layer to prevent snow water from seeping into the foundation, and a drainage outlet is provided at the bottom of the snow interception trough.

2. The plateau alpine railway avalanche guiding-blocking-stopping-storing protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc-shaped snow guide wall is made of reinforced concrete, and the anchoring foundation is a reinforced concrete cast-in-place pile.

3. The avalanche prevention-blocking-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arc-shaped snow guide wall has an arc surface that is either an asymmetric or parabolic surface, in order to conform to the multiphase flow field of avalanche simulated by computational fluid dynamics.

4. The avalanche guidance-blocking-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corresponding surface of the arc-shaped snow guide wall is provided with a hydrophobic / ice-repellent coating.

5. The avalanche prevention-blocking-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways according to claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple arc-shaped snow-blocking blocks are arranged in an array. After being filled with snow, the array of arc-shaped snow-blocking blocks forms micro-topography in a localized area to reduce the kinetic energy and speed of the snow flow.

6. The avalanche prevention-blocking-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The snow net is woven from hot-dip galvanized low-carbon steel wire, the support frame is made of hot-dip galvanized steel pipe, and the base is fixed to the ground using hot-rolled steel plate.

7. The avalanche guidance-blocking-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length, quantity, and mesh density of the snow net can be selected and set.

8. The avalanche prevention-blocking-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The snow interception trough is trapezoidal, and the height of the snow interception net is lower than the highest point of the snow interception trough.

9. The avalanche guidance-blocking-storage protection system for high-altitude and cold-climate railways according to claim 1, characterized in that, The snow on the snow interception net is either directly cleared or melted by heating and then drained away.

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