Thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device for automobile power battery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile power batteries, and discloses a thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device for an automobile power battery, which solves the problem that the abnormal temperature rise of a battery cell is difficult to press quickly at the initial stage of thermal runaway of the current automobile power battery, the thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device comprises a base, and the top of the base is fixedly provided with a shell; a battery pack is fixedly installed in the shell, an upper cover is installed on the top of the shell, a spraying mechanism is arranged on the upper cover, a temperature sensor is fixedly installed in the shell, a controller is fixedly installed on the top of the base, the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the controller, and a heat dissipation mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the shell. The heat dissipation mechanism comprises an air inlet cylinder located on the outer side of the shell, and a support is fixedly connected between the air inlet cylinder and the base. According to the invention, the cooling medium in the liquid storage tank can be sprayed on the battery pack from each nozzle, so that the cooling medium can be in direct contact with the heating battery cell, and the abnormal temperature rise of the battery cell can be quickly suppressed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive power battery technology, specifically an early warning and emergency cooling device for thermal runaway of automotive power batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Automotive power batteries are energy storage devices that provide electrical energy to the drive system of new energy vehicles. Their core consists of cells, modules, battery management systems, and thermal management components. They are the core components that determine the driving range, power performance, and safety performance of the entire vehicle. Currently, the mainstream automotive power batteries include ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries. Cells are combined in series and parallel to form modules, which are then integrated into sealed battery packs to achieve the storage and output of electrical energy. They are widely used in new energy vehicle models such as pure electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. With the rapid development of the new energy vehicle market, users' demand for battery energy density and fast charging performance continues to increase, and the application scenarios of high-energy-density power batteries are becoming increasingly widespread. However, at the same time, the risk of thermal runaway of batteries under complex operating conditions has become a key issue restricting their safe application.

[0003] Current emergency cooling methods have limitations. Traditional air-cooling and liquid-cooling systems are not efficient enough in the early stages of thermal runaway, making it difficult to quickly suppress the abnormal temperature rise of the battery cell. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above situation and to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention provides an early warning and emergency cooling device for thermal runaway of automotive power batteries, which effectively solves the problem that it is difficult to quickly suppress the abnormal temperature rise of the battery cells in the early stage of thermal runaway of automotive power batteries.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a vehicle power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device, including a base, a housing fixedly installed on the top of the base, a battery pack fixedly installed inside the housing, a top cover installed on the top of the housing, a spraying mechanism provided on the top cover, a temperature sensor fixedly installed inside the housing, a controller fixedly installed on the top of the base, the temperature sensor and the controller being electrically connected, and a heat dissipation mechanism provided on the outside of the housing. The heat dissipation mechanism includes an air inlet duct located on the outside of the housing, a support fixedly connected between the air inlet duct and the base, a cooling fan fixedly installed inside the air inlet duct, a filter screen located on the side of the cooling fan away from the housing inside the air inlet duct, a main pipe fixedly connected to the outside of the air inlet duct, an air duct valve installed on the main pipe, the air duct valve being electrically connected to the controller, two branch pipes symmetrically fixedly connected between the main pipe and the housing, and two air inlet pipes symmetrically fixedly connected between the air inlet duct and the housing. The spraying mechanism includes an inner tube located at the bottom of the top cover, with multiple spray pipes fixedly connected at equal intervals on the outer side of the inner tube. Each spray pipe is located above the battery pack, and each spray pipe has multiple nozzles at equal intervals at its bottom.

[0006] Preferably, an inner ring is fixedly installed inside the air inlet duct, the inner ring is located between the filter and the cooling fan, and a sealing ring is fixedly connected to the side of the inner ring away from the cooling fan, with the filter and the sealing ring fitting together.

[0007] Preferably, an air collecting hopper is fixedly installed inside the outer shell, and an exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the air collecting hopper. The exhaust pipe extends to the outside of the outer shell from the side away from the air collecting hopper.

[0008] Preferably, a high-pressure pump is fixedly installed on the top of the base. The high-pressure pump is electrically connected to the controller. A connecting pipe and a hose are fixedly connected to the high-pressure pump. A top pipe is fixedly connected to the top of the inner pipe. The top end of the top pipe extends to the outside of the upper cover. A joint is provided between the end of the hose away from the high-pressure pump and the top end of the top pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the air inlet duct is provided with two symmetrical positioning grooves at its end, and arc-shaped grooves are provided on both sides of the air inlet duct. The two arc-shaped grooves are respectively connected to the two positioning grooves. Each of the two arc-shaped grooves is provided with a slot. A card is provided on the side of the filter screen away from the cooling fan. The positioning grooves and arc-shaped grooves are adapted to the card, and the card is inserted into the two slots.

[0010] Preferably, a side plate is fixedly connected to the side of the filter screen away from the cooling fan, and a rotating cylinder is rotatably connected to the end of the side plate away from the first spring. A movable column is movably sleeved inside the rotating cylinder, and one end of the movable column extends to the outside of the rotating cylinder and is fixedly connected to a clamping plate. A first spring is fixedly connected between the clamping plate and the rotating cylinder, and the spring is sleeved on the outside of the movable column.

[0011] Preferably, the outer side of the rotating drum is provided with a side groove, and a side block is fixedly connected to the outer side of the movable column, with the side block slidably connected to the side groove.

[0012] Preferably, the outer shell has two inner blocks symmetrically fixedly connected inside. The bottom of each inner block is fixedly connected to the outer shell with a sliding rod. The outer sides of each sliding rod are movably fitted with a sliding plate. A support plate is fixedly connected between the two sliding plates. The top of the support plate is provided with multiple placement slots at equal intervals, and each nozzle is located in each placement slot.

[0013] Preferably, an abutment cylinder is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the slide rod, the bottom of the slide plate abuts against the abutment cylinder, and a second spring is fixedly connected between the slide plate and the inner block, with the second spring sleeved on the outer side of the slide rod.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention, by opening the air duct valve and increasing the speed of the cooling fan, allows external air to quickly enter the casing from two air inlets and two branch pipes, facilitating the rapid discharge of heat from the battery pack through the air collection duct and exhaust pipe. Furthermore, by activating the high-pressure pump, the cooling medium in the storage tank can be sprayed onto the battery pack from various nozzles, allowing the cooling medium to directly contact the heated battery cells, thereby facilitating the rapid suppression of abnormal temperature rise in the battery cells.

[0015] 2. This invention facilitates the movement and rotation of the clamping plate by setting positioning grooves and arc-shaped grooves on the air inlet duct, so that the clamping plate can be clamped into the two grooves under the action of spring force, thereby facilitating the fixing of the filter screen inside the air inlet duct to filter the air entering the outer casing.

[0016] 3. This invention can support each nozzle by setting a support plate, and the support plate can fit tightly with each nozzle under the action of the two springs, thereby facilitating the support and limiting of each nozzle. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0018] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the automotive power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the outer casing of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the filter structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the card plate structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the air inlet duct structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spray mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the support plate structure of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Heat dissipation mechanism; 201. Air inlet duct; 202. Air duct valve; 203. Branch pipe; 204. Air inlet pipe; 205. Main pipe; 206. Support; 207. Filter screen; 208. Inner ring; 209. Cooling fan; 2010. Sealing ring; 2011. Clamping plate; 2012. Movable column; 2013. Rotating cylinder; 2014. Side plate; 2015. Side groove; 2016. Side block; 2017. Spring 1; 2018. Arc groove; 2019. Slot; 2020 1. Positioning groove; 3. Spraying mechanism; 301. Inner pipe; 302. Spray pipe; 303. Spray head; 304. Support plate; 305. High pressure pump; 306. Connecting pipe; 307. Hose; 308. Top pipe; 309. Connector; 3010. Placement groove; 3011. Inner block; 3012. Spring II; 3013. Abutment cylinder; 3014. Slide rod; 3015. Slide plate; 4. Top cover; 5. Outer shell; 6. Controller; 7. Battery pack; 8. Air collection hopper; 9. Exhaust pipe; 10. Temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1, by Figures 1-8 The present invention relates to an early warning and emergency cooling device for thermal runaway of automotive power batteries, comprising a base 1, a housing 5 fixedly mounted on the top of the base 1, a battery pack 7 fixedly mounted inside the housing 5, a top cover 4 mounted on the top of the housing 5, a spraying mechanism 3 provided on the top cover 4, a temperature sensor 10 fixedly mounted inside the housing 5, a controller 6 fixedly mounted on the top of the base 1, the temperature sensor 10 being electrically connected to the controller 6, and a heat dissipation mechanism 2 provided on the outer side of the housing 5.

[0022] In Embodiment Two, based on Embodiment One, the heat dissipation mechanism 2 includes an air inlet duct 201 located outside the outer casing 5. A support 206 is fixedly connected between the air inlet duct 201 and the base 1. A cooling fan 209 is fixedly installed inside the air inlet duct 201. A filter 207 is provided inside the air inlet duct 201 on the side of the cooling fan 209 away from the outer casing 5. A main pipe 205 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the air inlet duct 201. An air duct valve 202 is installed on the main pipe 205. The air duct valve 202 is electrically connected to the controller 6. Two branch pipes 203 are symmetrically fixedly connected between the 05 and the outer casing 5. Two air inlet pipes 204 are symmetrically fixedly connected between the air inlet duct 201 and the outer casing 5. The spray mechanism 3 includes an inner pipe 301 located at the bottom of the upper cover 4. Multiple spray pipes 302 are fixedly connected at equal intervals on the outer side of the inner pipe 301. Each spray pipe 302 is located above the battery pack 7, and multiple nozzles 303 are provided at equal intervals at the bottom of each spray pipe 302. An inner ring 208 is fixedly installed inside the air inlet duct 201. The inner ring 208 is located between the filter screen 207 and the heat sink. Between the fans 209, a sealing ring 2010 is fixedly connected to the side of the inner ring 208 away from the cooling fan 209. The filter 207 fits into the sealing ring 2010. By setting the sealing ring 2010, the sealing between the inner ring 208 and the filter 207 is ensured. An air collecting hopper 8 is fixedly installed inside the outer casing 5. An exhaust pipe 9 is fixedly connected to the air collecting hopper 8. The side of the exhaust pipe 9 away from the air collecting hopper 8 extends to the outside of the outer casing 5. The air collecting hopper 8 is used to collect heat inside the outer casing 5, so that heat can be quickly discharged from the exhaust pipe 9. Base 1 A high-pressure pump 305 is fixedly installed on the top of the device. The high-pressure pump 305 is electrically connected to the controller 6. A connecting pipe 306 and a hose 307 are fixedly connected to the high-pressure pump 305. The end of the connecting pipe 306 away from the high-pressure pump 305 is connected to the storage tank. A top pipe 308 is fixedly connected to the top of the inner pipe 301. The top end of the top pipe 308 extends to the outside of the top cover 4. A connector 309 is provided between the end of the hose 307 away from the high-pressure pump 305 and the top end of the top pipe 308. The connector 309 is used to connect the top pipe 308 and the hose 307. Temperature sensor 10 collects real-time temperature data of battery pack 7 and transmits it to controller 6. Controller 6 compares and analyzes the monitored data with preset thresholds. When the monitored temperature exceeds the normal operating threshold but does not reach the dangerous standard, it is determined to be a precursor stage of thermal runaway. Controller 6 then issues a command to open the air duct valve 202 and increase the speed of cooling fan 209, allowing outside air to enter the outer casing 5 through two air inlet pipes 204 and two branch pipes 203. By enhancing the air-cooling heat exchange efficiency, the accumulated heat inside battery pack 7 is removed, achieving temperature control in the precursor stage. When a rapid temperature rise is detected and reaches the initial threshold for thermal runaway, the controller 6 immediately switches to emergency response mode, starts the high-pressure pump 305, and pressurizes and atomizes the cooling medium in the storage tank through the connecting pipe 306. The cooling medium then enters each nozzle 302 through the hose 307, connector 309, and inner tube 301 and is sprayed out from each nozzle 303. The cooling medium directly contacts the heating element, and the evaporation of the medium absorbs heat to quickly suppress the abnormal temperature rise, while preventing heat from spreading to the surrounding elements, thereby achieving the purpose of emergency cooling and preventing runaway.

[0023] In Example 3, based on Example 1, two positioning grooves 2020 are symmetrically provided at the end of the air inlet duct 201. Arc-shaped grooves 2018 are provided on both sides of the air inlet duct 201, and the two arc-shaped grooves 2018 are respectively connected to the two positioning grooves 2020. Each of the two arc-shaped grooves 2018 has a retaining groove 2019. A retaining plate 2011 is provided on the side of the filter screen 207 away from the cooling fan 209. The positioning grooves 2020 and arc-shaped grooves 2018 are adapted to the retaining plate 2011, and the retaining plate 2011 is inserted into the two retaining grooves 2019. A side plate 2014 is fixedly connected to the side of the filter screen 207 away from the cooling fan 209. A rotating drum 2013 is rotatably connected to the end of the side plate 2014 away from the spring 2017. The internal movable sleeve of 3 has a movable column 2012. One end of the movable column 2012 extends to the outside of the rotating drum 2013 and is fixedly connected to the clamping plate 2011. A spring 2017 is fixedly connected between the clamping plate 2011 and the rotating drum 2013. The spring 2017 is sleeved on the outside of the movable column 2012. The outside of the rotating drum 2013 is provided with a side groove 2015. A side block 2016 is fixedly connected to the outside of the movable column 2012. The side block 2016 is slidably connected to the side groove 2015. Through the cooperation between the side groove 2015 and the side block 2016, the movable column 2012 is prevented from separating from the rotating drum 2013. At the same time, the movable column 2012 and the rotating drum 2013 rotate synchronously, preventing the spring 2017 from twisting. First, place the filter screen 207 inside the air inlet duct 201, so that the retaining plate 2011 is inserted into the two positioning slots 2020. When the filter screen 207 is in contact with the sealing ring 2010, continue to move the retaining plate 2011, causing the movable column 2012 to slide along the rotating drum 2013. At this time, the spring 2017 is compressed until it is located in the two arc-shaped grooves 2018. Then, rotate the retaining plate 2011 so that it moves in the two arc-shaped grooves 2018. Then, under the action of the elastic force of the spring 2017, the retaining plate 2011 is locked into the two retaining slots 2019, thereby installing and fixing the filter screen 207, thus filtering the air entering the outer casing 5. At this time, the spring 2017 is still in a compressed state, so that the filter screen 207 is tightly in contact with the sealing ring 2010 under the action of the elastic force of the spring 2017, ensuring the sealing between the filter screen 207 and the inner ring 208.

[0024] In Example 4, based on Example 1, two inner blocks 3011 are symmetrically fixedly connected inside the outer shell 5. A sliding rod 3014 is fixedly connected between the bottom of the two inner blocks 3011 and the outer shell 5. A sliding plate 3015 is movably sleeved on the outer side of the two sliding rods 3014. A support plate 304 is fixedly connected between the two sliding plates 3015. A plurality of placement slots 3010 are provided at equal intervals on the top of the support plate 304. Each nozzle 302 is located in each placement slot 3010. An abutment cylinder 3013 is fixedly sleeved on the outer side of the sliding rod 3014. The bottom of the sliding plate 3015 abuts against the abutment cylinder 3013. A second spring 3012 is fixedly connected between the sliding plate 3015 and the inner block 3011. The second spring 3012 is sleeved on the outer side of the sliding rod 3014. First, place the inner tube 301 at the bottom of the upper cover 4, so that the top tube 308 passes through the upper cover 4. Then, place each nozzle 302 in its respective placement slot 3010. Next, push the upper cover 4 downward, causing the support plate 304 to move downward and causing the two slide plates 3015 to slide downward along the two slide rods 3014. At this time, both springs 3012 are stretched until the two slide plates 3015 abut against the two abutting cylinders 3013. At this time, the upper cover 4 and the outer shell 5 are in contact. Then, fix the upper cover 4 and the outer shell 5 with bolts. Then, connect the hose 307 to the top tube 308 through the connector 309. Under the elastic force of the two springs 3012, the support plate 304 is tightly in contact with each nozzle 302, thus achieving the installation limit of each nozzle 302.

Claims

1. A vehicle power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device, including a base (1), characterized in that: The top of the base (1) is fixedly installed with a housing (5), the inside of the housing (5) is fixedly installed with a battery pack (7), the top of the housing (5) is installed with a top cover (4), the top cover (4) is provided with a spray mechanism (3), the inside of the housing (5) is fixedly installed with a temperature sensor (10), the top of the base (1) is fixedly installed with a controller (6), the temperature sensor (10) is electrically connected to the controller (6), and the outside of the housing (5) is provided with a heat dissipation mechanism (2). The heat dissipation mechanism (2) includes an air inlet duct (201) located outside the outer shell (5), a support (206) fixedly connected between the air inlet duct (201) and the base (1), a cooling fan (209) fixedly installed inside the air inlet duct (201), a filter screen (207) located on the side of the cooling fan (209) away from the outer shell (5) inside the air inlet duct (201), a main pipe (205) fixedly connected to the outer side of the air inlet duct (201), a duct valve (202) installed on the main pipe (205), the duct valve (202) being electrically connected to the controller (6), two branch pipes (203) symmetrically fixedly connected between the main pipe (205) and the outer shell (5), and two air inlet pipes (204) symmetrically fixedly connected between the air inlet duct (201) and the outer shell (5). The spraying mechanism (3) includes an inner tube (301) located at the bottom of the upper cover (4). Multiple spray pipes (302) are fixedly connected at equal distances on the outer side of the inner tube (301). Each spray pipe (302) is located above the battery pack (7), and multiple nozzles (303) are provided at equal distances at the bottom of each spray pipe (302).

2. The automotive power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inner ring (208) is fixedly installed inside the air inlet duct (201). The inner ring (208) is located between the filter screen (207) and the cooling fan (209). A sealing ring (2010) is fixedly connected to the side of the inner ring (208) away from the cooling fan (209). The filter screen (207) and the sealing ring (2010) are in contact.

3. The automotive power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air collecting hopper (8) is fixedly installed inside the outer shell (5), and an exhaust pipe (9) is fixedly connected to the air collecting hopper (8). The exhaust pipe (9) extends to the outside of the outer shell (5) from the side away from the air collecting hopper (8).

4. The automotive power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A high-pressure pump (305) is fixedly installed on the top of the base (1). The high-pressure pump (305) is electrically connected to the controller (6). A connecting pipe (306) and a hose (307) are fixedly connected to the high-pressure pump (305). A top pipe (308) is fixedly connected to the top of the inner pipe (301). The top end of the top pipe (308) extends to the outside of the upper cover (4). A connector (309) is provided between the end of the hose (307) away from the high-pressure pump (305) and the top end of the top pipe (308).

5. The automotive power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet duct (201) has two symmetrical positioning grooves (2020) at its end. Both sides of the air inlet duct (201) have arc grooves (2018). The two arc grooves (2018) are connected to the two positioning grooves (2020) respectively. The two arc grooves (2018) have slots (2019). The filter screen (207) has a card plate (2011) on the side away from the cooling fan (209). The positioning grooves (2020) and arc grooves (2018) are adapted to the card plate (2011), and the card plate (2011) is inserted into the two slots (2019).

6. The automotive power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter (207) is fixedly connected to a side plate (2014) on the side away from the cooling fan (209). The side plate (2014) is rotatably connected to a rotating cylinder (2013) at the end away from the spring (2017). A movable column (2012) is movably sleeved inside the rotating cylinder (2013). One end of the movable column (2012) extends to the outside of the rotating cylinder (2013) and is fixedly connected to a clamping plate (2011). A spring (2017) is fixedly connected between the clamping plate (2011) and the rotating cylinder (2013). The spring (2017) is sleeved on the outside of the movable column (2012).

7. The automotive power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer side of the rotating drum (2013) is provided with a side groove (2015), and a side block (2016) is fixedly connected to the outer side of the movable column (2012). The side block (2016) is slidably connected to the side groove (2015).

8. The automotive power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell (5) has two inner blocks (3011) symmetrically fixedly connected inside. The bottom of the two inner blocks (3011) is fixedly connected to the outer shell (5) with a slide rod (3014). The outer sides of the two slide rods (3014) are movably sleeved with a sliding plate (3015). The two sliding plates (3015) are fixedly connected with a support plate (304). The top of the support plate (304) is provided with multiple placement slots (3010) at equal intervals. Each nozzle (302) is located in each placement slot (3010).

9. The automotive power battery thermal runaway early warning and emergency cooling device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The outer side of the slide rod (3014) is fixedly sleeved with an abutment cylinder (3013), the bottom of the slide plate (3015) abuts against the abutment cylinder (3013), and a second spring (3012) is fixedly connected between the slide plate (3015) and the inner block (3011). The second spring (3012) is sleeved on the outer side of the slide rod (3014).

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