Agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device and operation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting equipment, in particular to an agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device and an operation method thereof, solves the problem of integrated operation of material collection, mixing, mud blanket forming, cutting and laying, and mainly comprises a rotary tillage component, a collection component, a feeding box, a mixing cylinder and a pressing box, a rotary tillage part of the equipment is located at the front end of a collecting part, the collecting part is communicated with a feeding box, and the feeding box and a pressing box are arranged on the upper portion and the bottom of a mixing barrel respectively. The device can automatically collect and transfer soil in a field and straw materials crushed and returned to the field, quantitatively add water or an adhesive according to the water content and adhesion degree of the materials, stir and press the materials to prepare mud blankets with different thicknesses, widths and lengths, accurately lay and cover the two sides of a sowing row, and improve the sowing efficiency. The production requirements of different crops are met, a soil moisture preservation, heat preservation and salt inhibition mud blanket yield stabilizing and efficiency increasing technical mode is constructed, the productivity is improved, and replacement of plastic mulching films is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting equipment technology, specifically relating to an agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device and its operation method. Background Technology

[0002] Mulching has functions such as moisture retention, heat preservation, fertilizer retention, salt suppression, and weed suppression. However, plastic mulch is difficult to degrade, and long-term use will cause soil pollution, damage soil structure, and affect crop growth. Moreover, the recycling cost is high, which does not meet the needs of green agricultural development. Therefore, finding environmentally friendly materials that can replace plastic mulch and supporting processing and laying equipment has become a research hotspot in the current agricultural field.

[0003] While existing technologies have attempted to prepare cover layers using environmentally friendly materials such as soil and straw, the related processing equipment suffers from several drawbacks: First, the material collection efficiency is low, making it difficult to adapt to different soil types; second, the feed rate cannot be precisely controlled, leading to an imbalance in the material mixing ratio; third, the addition of adhesives and water is uneven, affecting the quality of the cover layer; fourth, the thickness, width, and length of the cover layer are inconvenient to adjust, making it difficult to meet the planting needs of different crops; and fifth, it is impossible to achieve integrated operation of rotary tillage, cover layer processing, laying, and sowing, resulting in low production efficiency and high labor intensity.

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides an agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device and its operation method to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides an agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device and its operation method, which realizes the integrated operation of rotary tillage, material collection, mixing, mud blanket forming, cutting and laying, improves the processing quality and laying accuracy of mud blankets, adapts to different soil types, replaces plastic film, and achieves the effects of moisture retention, heat preservation and salt suppression.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] An agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device includes: a rotary tillage component, a collection component, a feeding box, a mixing cylinder, and a pressing box, which are linked sequentially along the working direction to achieve simultaneous rotary tillage, collection, mixing, pressing, and laying. The rotary tillage component is located at the front end of the collection component and is used to rotary tillage and crush field soil and pulverized straw returned to the field. The collection component includes an arc-shaped collecting shovel, a modular mesh conveyor belt with baffles, a collecting motor, a support frame, and a working platform. The arc-shaped collecting shovel has an elevation angle of 15°-20°, is lower at the front and higher at the back, and has a horizontal gap of 5-10mm and a longitudinal spacing of 150-250mm with the rotary tillage blades of the rotary tillage component. The shovel tip is high above the ground. The angle is 2-4cm; the modular mesh conveyor belt with baffles is welded to the working platform through two support frames, connected to the collecting motor, and the transmission speed is 1.2:1 ratio with the rotary tiller speed; the feed box is connected to the collecting component, and a guide plate is provided at the front right side. The guide plate is adapted to the feeding port, and the feeding port is connected to the top of the mixing cylinder; the feeding port is sealed by a sliding connection of a sealing plate, and the sealing plate is connected to the right inner wall of the feed box through a compression spring. A push rod is provided on the left outer wall; the bottom wall of the left sealed chamber of the feed box is slidably connected to an opening inclined plate, the inclined end in the horizontal direction abuts against the push rod, and the upper and lower ends in the vertical direction abut against the push rod; the mixing motor is installed inside the left sealed chamber of the feed box. The mixing cylinder is rotatably connected to a stirring shaft, which is connected to a stirring motor in the feed box. A sealing groove is provided on the inner wall of the mixing cylinder, and a sliding ring is slidably connected to the outer wall. An application box and a water application box are installed on the inner wall of the sliding ring, and the two slide in the sealing groove and are sealed by a folding plate. The sliding ring is connected to a double-acting screw via a threaded block, and the double-acting screw is driven by the stirring shaft via a transmission belt. A top extension rod is provided on the outer wall of the sliding ring, and a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the mixing cylinder. The bottom of the mixing cylinder and the bottom of the feed box have the same structure, but are installed in opposite directions. The pressing box is connected to the discharge port and is rotatably connected to a conveyor. The motor output is connected to a conveying auger; on the left side of the pressing box, there are rotating rollers and pressing rollers rotatably connected, with parallel axes, the same diameter, and both being smooth rollers. The rotating rollers are connected to the output of the extrusion motor. The connecting shaft of the pressing roller shaft is driven by the rotating roller and the adjusting shaft that slides through the pressing box wall via a drive belt; the connecting shaft is equipped with a connecting block, and the threaded plate on the outer wall of the connecting block is threadedly engaged with the adjusting screw that is rotatably connected to the outside of the pressing box; the outer wall of the pressing roller is equipped with a width adjusting ring, and the rear end of the pressing box is equipped with a blanket outlet and a cutting component, which cooperate with the sowing device to achieve synchronous laying of the sowing rows on both sides.

[0008] Preferably, both the application box and the water box are connected to an external agent tank or water tank via a metering pump with an infrared beam switch, which can adjust the moisture content of the material in the mixing drum to 18%-20%. Specifically, modified starch is added as a binder in sandy soil conditions, with a dosage of 1%-2% of the dry weight of the soil; modified starch is added as a binder in loam soil conditions, with a dosage of 0.5%-1% of the dry weight of the soil; no binder is added in clay soil conditions; and gypsum is added as a binder in saline-alkali soil conditions, with dosages of 1%-1.5%, 1.5%-2.5%, and 2.5%-3.5% of the dry weight of the soil for light, medium, and severe saline-alkali soil conditions, respectively.

[0009] Preferably, the matching parameters of the arc-shaped aggregate shovel and the rotary tiller blade can be adjusted according to the soil type: for loam and sandy soil conditions, the horizontal gap is 5-8mm, the longitudinal gap is 150-200mm, and the shovel head is 2-3cm from the ground; for clay conditions, the horizontal gap is 8-10mm, the longitudinal gap is 200-250mm, and the shovel head is 3-4cm from the ground; for saline-alkali soil conditions, the horizontal gap is 7-10mm, the longitudinal gap is 200-220mm, and the shovel head is 3-3.5cm from the ground.

[0010] Preferably, the forward speed of the rotary tiller is adapted to the crop type: 1-1.5 km / h for wheat planting; 1.2-1.8 km / h for corn planting; and 0.8-1.2 km / h for vegetable planting.

[0011] Preferably, the inclined plate and the top of the extension rod are provided with pulleys, and the thickness of the inclined plate increases from top to bottom to ensure accurate opening and closing of the feeding port.

[0012] Preferably, the outer ends of the adjusting shaft and the adjusting screw are both fixed with handles, and the gap between the two rollers is adjusted according to the crop type: the mud blanket thickness is controlled at 1.5-2cm and the width at 12-15cm under wheat planting conditions; the mud blanket thickness is controlled at 2-3cm and the width at 15-20cm under corn planting conditions; and the mud blanket thickness is controlled at 1-1.5cm and the width at 8-12cm under vegetable planting conditions.

[0013] Preferably, the stirring shaft has multiple sets of material-feeding rods spaced apart along the axial direction, each set containing four material-feeding rods that are radially welded.

[0014] A method for processing and laying agricultural mud mats includes the following steps: S1: Device installation and parameter adjustment. The device is connected to the rear end of a tractor, and the adaptation parameters are adjusted according to the crop and soil type. Under the combined conditions of wheat and saline-alkali land, the forward speed of the rotary tiller is set to 1-1.5 km / h, the horizontal gap of the arc-shaped aggregate shovels is 7-10 mm, the longitudinal spacing is 200-220 mm, and the mud mat thickness is 1.5-2 cm. Under the combined conditions of corn and sandy soil, the forward speed is 1.2-1.8 km / h, the horizontal gap of the arc-shaped aggregate shovels is 5-8 mm, the longitudinal spacing is 150-200 mm, and the mud mat thickness is 2-3 cm. Under the combined conditions of vegetables and loam, the forward speed is 0.8-1.2 km / h, the horizontal gap of the arc-shaped aggregate shovels is 6-8 mm, and the longitudinal spacing is 180-200 mm. S1: Mud mat thickness 1-1.5cm; S2: Synchronous operation start-up, start all components, rotary tillage component tills soil and straw, collection component receives materials and conveys to feed box, realizing synchronous rotary tillage and collection; S3: Periodic mixing treatment, the mixing motor drives the mixing shaft to rotate, driving the bidirectional screw to make the sliding ring move up and down reciprocally, the top extension rod controls the periodic opening and closing of the feeding port and discharge port, the agent box and water box add adhesive and water quantitatively according to soil type, realizing feeding, mixing and discharging; S4: Forming and laying synchronously, the mixed material enters the pressing box through the discharge port, the conveying auger pushes it to the gap between the rotating roller and the pressing roller to be squeezed into shape, the mud mat thickness is controlled by adjusting the gap between the two rollers by adjusting the screw, the cutting component cuts according to the set length, and lays synchronously on both sides of the sowing row through the mat outlet, realizing synchronous pressing, cutting and laying.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. Integrated operation: This device integrates rotary tillage, material collection, mixing, mud mat forming, cutting, and laying functions. It can work in conjunction with the seeding device to achieve integrated rotary tillage, seeding, and mud mat laying, which greatly improves production efficiency and reduces labor intensity.

[0017] 2. High adaptability: The parameters of the aggregate shovel, the type and amount of adhesive can be adjusted according to the soil type (sand, loam, clay, saline-alkali soil, etc.) to ensure the material collection efficiency and mud blanket forming quality under different soil conditions; at the same time, the thickness, width and length of the mud blanket can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the screw, width adjustment ring and cutting parts to adapt to the planting needs of different crops.

[0018] 3. Uniform material mixing and precise dosage: The mixing shaft and the feeding rod assembly work together to achieve thorough mixing of materials. The application box and water box move up and down with the sliding ring, so that the adhesive and water are evenly distributed in the material. Combined with the metering pump with infrared photoelectric switch and the periodic feeding structure, the ratio of materials, adhesive and water is precisely controlled to ensure the quality of mud blankets.

[0019] 4. Green and environmentally friendly: Mud blankets are prepared using soil and crushed straw returned to the field as raw materials to replace plastic film, avoiding film pollution, while realizing the resource utilization of straw, which is in line with the concept of green agricultural development.

[0020] 5. Precise laying: Through the interval setting and coordinated operation of multiple sets of devices, mud mats can be precisely laid on both sides of the sowing row to create a planting environment that retains moisture, heat, and suppresses salt. It is especially suitable for wheat planting in saline-alkali land, improving crop yield and quality. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention from the front view;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the collecting components of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the feed box of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mixing cylinder of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the internal cross-section of the pressing box of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the pressing roller structure of the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Rotary tillage component;

[0028] 2. Collection components; 201. Modular mesh conveyor belt with baffles; 202. Collection motor; 203. Support frame; 204. Working platform; 205. Arc-shaped collection shovel;

[0029] 3. Feed box; 301. Guide plate; 302. Feed port; 303. Sealing plate; 304. Compression spring; 305. Extension rod; 306. Opening ramp;

[0030] 4. Mixing drum; 401. Stirring shaft; 402. Stirring motor; 403. Sealing groove; 404. Sliding ring; 405. Application box; 406. Folding plate; 407. Threaded block; 408. Double-acting lead screw; 409. Drive belt; 410. Top extension rod; 411. Material pusher rod; 412. Discharge port;

[0031] 5. Pressing box; 501. Rotating roller; 502. Pressing roller; 503. Conveying auger; 504. Drive belt; 505. Adjusting shaft; 506. Conveying motor; 507. Extrusion motor; 508. Blanket outlet; 5011. Connecting shaft; 5012. Connecting block; 5013. Threaded plate; 5014. Adjusting screw; 5015. Width adjusting ring. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To make the technical problems to be solved, the technical solutions, and the application effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Wheat mud mats were processed and laid on the saline-alkali land of Nandagang for planting. The wheat sowing rows were 5cm wide, and the mud mats were 15cm wide, 25cm long, and 2cm thick, laid on both sides of the sowing rows. The following experimental data are also provided.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 6 This embodiment employs the agricultural mud mat processing and laying device described in this invention, comprising a rotary tillage component 1, a collection component 2, a feeding box 3, a mixing cylinder 4, and a pressing box 5. The rotary tillage component 1 is located at the front end of the collection component 2, and the collection component 2 is interconnected with the feeding box 3. The upper part and the bottom of the mixing cylinder 4 are respectively equipped with the feeding box 3 and the pressing box 5. This device first uses the rotary tillage component 1 to rotary tillage the crushed straw and soil returned to the field. During forward movement, the straw and soil are collected by the collection component 2. The feeding box 3 controls the amount of material fed at one time, calculates the amount of green adhesive and water added, and then mixes and stirs the mixture in the mixing cylinder 4. Different specifications of mud mats are then pressed in the pressing box and precisely covered on both sides of the planting rows. This constructs a mud mat stable yield and efficiency-enhancing technology model that retains moisture, maintains heat, and suppresses salt, achieving integrated operation and improving production capacity. Using the most readily available, cheapest, and most environmentally friendly soil and crushed straw returned to the field as materials, mud mats are processed and produced, replacing plastic film.

[0036] 1. Specific configuration of rotary tillage and collection components:

[0037] The rotary tillage component 1, using existing technology, is located at the front end of the collection component 2. The arc-shaped material shovel 205 is installed at an elevation angle of 15°-20°, with the front lower than the back. The soil in Nandagang has a high salt content, with a clay content of 25%-35% and a bulk density of 1.4-1.5 g / cm³, classifying it as clayey saline-alkali soil. Therefore, the material shovel 205 and the rotary tillage blades of the rotary tillage component 1 are designed with a horizontal gap of 8-10 mm, a longitudinal (front-to-back) spacing of 200-220 mm, and a shovel tip distance of 3-3.5 cm from the ground to reduce the risk of material blockage. The forward speed of the rotary tillage component 1 is controlled at 1-1.5 km / h. The transmission speed of the modular mesh conveyor belt 201 with baffles is slightly higher than the rotary tillage blade speed, with a ratio of 1.2:1, ensuring rapid material transfer without accumulation.

[0038] In actual operation, after the rotary tiller blades of rotary tiller component 1 break up the soil, the soil and crushed straw returned to the field are thrown backward with the rotation of the blades. The collection shovel 205 receives the soil and guides it into the modular mesh conveyor belt 201 with baffles for transportation. The inertial guidance of the soil thrown by the rotary tiller is used to achieve automatic material collection. By adjusting the above parameters, efficient material collection is achieved without collision with the blades.

[0039] The modular mesh conveyor belt 201 with baffles is welded to the working platform 204 via support frames 203. There are two support frames 203, located at the left and right ends of the modular mesh conveyor belt 201 with baffles, respectively. The upper end of the support frame is welded and fixed to the conveyor belt, and the lower end of the support frame is welded to the working platform 204. The modular mesh conveyor belt 201 with baffles is connected to the output end of the collecting motor 202, which is installed on the outer wall of the modular mesh conveyor belt 201. In practical applications, when the collecting motor 202 is started, the soil and straw that are rotary tilled are transported to the inside of the feed box 3 by the modular mesh conveyor belt 201 with baffles through the arc-shaped collecting shovel 205.

[0040] 2. Working process of the feed box:

[0041] The feed box 3 is connected to the modular mesh conveyor belt 201 with baffles. A guide plate 301 is installed at the front right side of the feed box 3. The guide plate 301 is adapted to the feeding port 302, which is located on the inner right bottom wall of the feed box 3. The feeding port 302 is connected to the top of the mixing cylinder 4. A sealing plate 303 is slidably connected to the feeding port 302. The sealing plate 303 is connected to the inner right wall of the feed box 3 through a compression spring 304. An extension rod 305 is provided on the outer left wall of the sealing plate 303. An opening inclined plate 306 is slidably connected to the bottom wall of the left sealing chamber of the feed box 3. The thickness of the opening inclined plate 305 increases from top to bottom. The inclined end in the horizontal direction abuts against the extension rod 305, and a pulley is provided at this end to increase the sliding force. The upper and lower ends in the vertical direction are adapted to abut against the top extension rod 410. The top extension rod 410 is fixedly installed on the outer wall of the sliding ring 404. The stirring motor 402 is installed inside the left sealing chamber of the feed box 3.

[0042] The sliding ring 404 is initially located at the lower part of the mixing cylinder 4. When the sliding ring 404 moves upward, the top extension rod 410 on its outer wall moves upward and abuts against the opening inclined plate 306 of the feed box. The abutment thickness between the extension rod 305 and the inclined end of the opening inclined plate 306 gradually increases, which will drive the sealing plate 303 to move, so that the compression spring 304 is in a compressed state. At this time, the feeding port 302 of the feed box 3 opens and communicates with the mixing cylinder 4. The material entering the feed box 3 through the module mesh conveyor belt 201 with baffles enters the interior of the mixing cylinder 4. When the sliding ring 404 moves downward, the top extension rod 410 and the opening inclined plate 306 lose their abutment. When the compression spring 304 is applied, the sealing plate 303 resets and seals, and the feeding port closes. When the sliding ring 404 descends to the lower part of the mixing cylinder 4 and the top extension rod 410 abuts against the inclined plate at the bottom of the mixing cylinder 4, the discharge port 412 at the bottom of the mixing cylinder 4 opens. The inner bottom wall of the mixing cylinder 4 of this device is set as an inclined surface, which is adapted to the discharge port 412. After the material is mixed, the inclined surface can guide the material and realize the function of guiding the flow, so that the mixed material can be discharged quickly. The completely mixed material is sent into the pressing box. This process is repeated to realize periodic mixing. The bottom of the mixing cylinder 4 and the bottom of the feeding box 3 have the same structure, but are installed in opposite directions.

[0043] In this embodiment, when the sliding ring 404 is at the upper part, the feeding port 302 of the feed box 3 is opened and the discharge port 412 at the bottom of the mixing cylinder 4 is closed. When the sliding ring 404 is at the lower part, the feeding port 302 of the feed box 3 is closed and the discharge port 412 at the bottom of the mixing cylinder 4 is opened. When the sliding ring 404 moves up and down, the feeding port 302 of the feed box 3 and the discharge port 412 at the bottom of the mixing cylinder 4 are automatically and periodically opened to avoid the phenomenon of feeding while discharging. By setting the feeding port 302 and the discharge port 412, the same amount of material is controlled.

[0044] 3. The mixing process in the mixing drum:

[0045] A stirring shaft 401 is rotatably connected inside the mixing cylinder 4, and the stirring shaft 401 is fixedly connected to the output end of the stirring motor 402. A sealing groove 403 is provided on the inner wall of the mixing cylinder 4. A sliding ring 404 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the mixing cylinder 4, and an application box 405 and a water box are installed on the inner wall of the sliding ring 404. Optionally, the application box 405 is square or rectangular, and the application box 405 and the water box have the same structure. The application box 405 is slidably and sealed inside the sealing groove 403, and the upper and lower ends of the application box 405 are respectively sealed. A folding plate 406 is connected to the sealing connection, and the folding plate 406 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the sealing groove 403; a threaded block 407 is installed on the outer wall of the sliding ring 404, and the threaded block 407 is threadedly connected to the outer wall of the double-acting screw 408, and the double-acting screw 408 is driven to the stirring shaft 401 through the transmission belt 409; a stirring shaft 401 is provided at the axial center of the mixing cylinder 4, and multiple sets of material feeding rods are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the stirring shaft 401, each set containing four material feeding rods 411, which are radially welded to the axial surface of the stirring shaft 401.

[0046] The stirring motor 402 is started, causing the stirring shaft 401 to stir the material entering the mixing drum 4. Under the action of the transmission belt 409, the bidirectional lead screw 408 is driven to rotate, and the sliding ring 404 connected to the outer wall of the mixing drum 4 reciprocates. Simultaneously, the application box 405 or water box moves up and down, and the folding plate 406 is folded and stretched. It is sealed by the sealing groove 403 to ensure that the sealing groove 403 is always in a sealed state, thereby realizing the application of adhesive or water to the inside of the mixing drum 4. The application box 405 or water box of this device is connected to the external agent tank or water tank through a metering pump with an infrared photoelectric switch. When the top extension rod 410 is pushed upward and abuts against the opening inclined plate 306 of the feed box, the infrared photoelectric switch starts the metering pump to accurately add adhesive or water to control the application amount. Since the Nandagang saline-alkali soil is clayey soil with good cohesion and plasticity, no binder needs to be added. Calculate 1.125 kg of material to be added each time at the 302 feeding port. Adjust the material moisture content to 18%-20% by adding water quantitatively through the metering pump according to the material moisture content.

[0047] 4. The pressing and cutting process in the pressing box:

[0048] The discharge port 412 at the bottom of the pressing box 5 and the mixing cylinder 4 are interconnected. The conveying auger 503 is located below the discharge port 412 and is rotatably connected inside the pressing box 5. The conveying motor 506 is located at the right end of the pressing box, and its output end is connected to the conveying auger 503 to provide power to drive the screw to rotate and convey materials. The rotating roller 501 is rotatably connected to the lower left side of the pressing box 5 and is connected to the output end of the extrusion motor 507, which is mounted on the outer wall of the pressing box 5. The pressing roller 502 is rotatably connected to the upper left side of the pressing box 5. The axes of the rotating roller and the pressing roller are parallel and at the same vertical position. Both the rotating roller and the pressing roller are smooth rollers with the same diameter. The same applies; a connecting shaft 5011 is installed at the center of the pressing roller 502. The connecting shaft 5011 is driven and connected to the rotating roller 501 and the adjusting shaft 505 through the driving belt 504. The adjusting shaft 505 is slidably connected to the wall of the pressing box 5. A handle is welded and fixed to the outer end of the adjusting shaft 505 for easy adjustment by the operator. A connecting block 5012 is installed on the connecting shaft 5011. A threaded plate 5013 is installed on the outer wall of the connecting block 5012. The threaded plate 5013 is threadedly connected to the adjusting screw 5014. The adjusting screw 5014 passes through the wall of the pressing box 5 and has a handle welded and fixed to its outer end for easy adjustment by the operator. The pressing gap is adjusted by moving the adjusting screw 5014 up and down to control the thickness of the mud blanket.

[0049] In practical applications, the conveying auger 503 rotates, pushing the mixed material to the gap between the rotating roller 501 and the pressing roller 502. After the extrusion motor 507 starts, the rotating roller 501 rotates actively, and the power is transmitted to the pressing roller 502 through the drive belt 504. The rotating roller 501 and the pressing roller 502 rotate relative to each other, extruding and molding the material entering the gap. The rotating adjusting screw 5014 drives the pressing roller 502 to move radially through the threaded plate 5013, connecting block 5012, and connecting shaft 5011, adjusting the gap between the two rollers in real time, controlling the extrusion pressure, and adapting to different materials and finished product requirements. The adjustment shaft 505 moves and adjusts, which will synchronously change the wrap angle and tension of the drive belt 504. Automatic compensation is achieved through the belt pulley tensioning structure to prevent the drive belt 504 from slipping. The thickness of the mud mat for wheat planting in the saline-alkali land of Nandagang is 1cm, 2cm, and 3cm. Adjusting the adjusting screw 5014 makes the gap between the rotating roller 501 and the pressing roller 502 1cm, 2cm, and 3cm.

[0050] A cutting component is installed at the rear end of the pressing box 5. The cutting component is a cutting device in the prior art and is matched with the mud blanket discharge end. Using the power of the extrusion motor 507, a rotating wheel is linked to lift the cutting blade in the pressing box and move it in and out to cut the mud blanket, controlling the length of the mud blanket to 25cm. The blanket opening 508 is located at the rear end between the rotating roller 501 and the adjusting roller 502. A width adjusting ring 5015 is slidably connected to the outer wall of the adjusting roller 502. The outer wall of the width adjusting ring 5015 abuts against the outer wall of the rotating roller 501 to achieve a seal. Multiple width adjusting rings 5015 are spliced ​​together and fixed by buckles to control the width of the mud blanket to 15cm, which meets the width requirements of the mud blanket for wheat planting in the Nandagang saline-alkali land.

[0051] 5. Coordinated installation of the entire system:

[0052] This device is connected to the rear end of a tractor via welding or existing connecting components. Multiple sets of devices are installed to lay mud mats according to planting needs, and the installation intervals are adjusted. The setup for wheat planting in the saline-alkali land of Nandagang is as follows: a rotary tiller is placed in front, followed by a mud mat processing and laying device and a sowing device placed side-by-side behind. The widths of the mud mat outlet and the sowing outlet are 15cm and 5cm respectively. A 4-5cm wide pressing roller is installed behind the sowing device. Multiple sets of devices are arranged sequentially, fixed to multiple parallel and connected support beams in a front-to-back, left-to-right order. In actual production, after the soil is rotary tilled, the row where the sowing device is located is the planting row for sowing, followed by compaction by the pressing roller. Mud mats are laid on both sides of the planting row, which helps retain moisture, keep the soil warm, and suppress salinity.

[0053] 6. Experimental Data

[0054] (1) Materials and Methods: A field experiment was conducted in 2025 at Nandagang Farm in Cangzhou, Hebei Province. The farm is located in the Heilonggang area of ​​the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, belonging to the warm temperate sub-humid monsoon climate zone. It has cold winters and hot summers with a large annual temperature range. The average annual temperature is 12.1℃, the frost-free period is 205 days, and the annual precipitation is 600 mm, which is concentrated in summer. The soil is saline alluvial soil, and the basic soil nutrient is organic matter 10.43 g·kg. 1 Total nitrogen 0.89 g·kg 1 Alkaline nitrogen uptake: 34.76 mg·kg 1 Available phosphorus 23.62 mg·kg 1 11.15 mg / kg of readily available potassium 1 pH value 8.40, salt content 0.26%; the tested wheat variety was Jiemai 19.

[0055] The experiment employed a randomized block design. The mud mats were 15 cm wide and 25 cm long, with varying thicknesses representing different treatments: control (CK) without mud mat coverage, 1 cm mud mat coverage, 2 cm mud mat coverage, and 3 cm mud mat coverage. The experimental plots were 12.0 m long and 4.0 m wide, with an area of ​​48.0 m². 2 The experiment was repeated three times, with protective rows set up around the perimeter and between plots. Wheat was sown in rows with a spacing of 20 cm, and the experimental fields were managed according to conventional methods. Sowing took place on October 7, 2024, and harvesting on June 5, 2025. The measured items included soil moisture content at 1 meter depth during sowing and harvest, and actual yield at wheat maturity, converted to economic yield based on a 13% moisture content. The yield was calculated using the following formula:

[0056] Wheat water consumption ET = Soil moisture consumption SWD + Rainfall during the growing season I

[0057] Water consumption coefficient (K) = Wheat water consumption ET * 666.7 / Wheat yield DM

[0058] (2) Results and analysis: The experimental results are shown in Table 1. The soil moisture content and yield of each treatment covered with mud mats were higher than those of the control at the harvest time, and the soil moisture consumption (SWD), wheat water consumption (ET), and water consumption coefficient (K) were lower. This indicates that covering with mud mats is beneficial to reducing the water consumption of soil and wheat. The lower the K value, the higher the water use efficiency.

[0059] As the thickness of the mud blanket increased, the soil moisture content at harvest gradually increased from 212.65 mm to 239.95 mm, the soil moisture consumption (SWD) gradually decreased from 181.47 mm to 149.51 mm, and the wheat water consumption (ET) gradually decreased from 277.67 mm to 245.71 mm. This indicates that as the thickness of the mud blanket increases, the soil and wheat consume less water, and the thicker the mud blanket, the better it is for conserving moisture.

[0060] As the thickness of the mud blanket increased, the yield first increased and then decreased. The 2CM treatment yielded the highest yield at 257.07 kg / mu, which was about 12.7% higher than the control. The yield of the 3CM treatment decreased, possibly because the excessively thick mud blanket affected soil temperature or aeration, which was not conducive to growth. Regarding water use efficiency, the 2CM treatment had the lowest K value at 0.58 m³ / kg, indicating that it consumed the least amount of water to produce 1 kg of wheat, and had the highest water use efficiency. The lower the water consumption coefficient K value, the higher the water use efficiency. The control had the highest K value at 0.82 m³ / kg, and the lowest water use efficiency.

[0061] Therefore, mulching can effectively conserve soil moisture and reduce soil water consumption and total water consumption. A mulching thickness of 2 cm yields the best results, significantly improving yield and water use efficiency while saving water. A mulching thickness of 3 cm may be too thick; although it has a stronger water retention effect, it reduces yield, requiring a balance between water conservation and increased yield. Under the experimental conditions, a mulching thickness of approximately 2 cm is recommended to achieve the dual benefits of water conservation and increased yield.

[0062] Table 1 Wheat yield and water use status

[0063] deal with Moisture content at the sowing stage (mm) Moisture content at harvest (mm) SWD (mm) ET (mm) Yield (kg / mu) <![CDATA[K(m 3 / kg)]]> Comparison 392.77 209.22 183.55 279.75 228.15 0.82 1CM 394.12 212.65 181.47 277.67 243.52 0.67 2CM 390.73 229.43 161.30 257.5 257.07 0.58 3CM 389.46 239.95 149.51 245.71 251.27 0.65

[0064] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," which indicate direction or positional relationships, are based on the direction or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These are used merely for ease of description and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0065] Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0066] The technical solution of the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of protection of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principles of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after such changes or substitutions will all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device, characterized in that, include: Rotary tillage component (1), collection component (2), feed box (3), mixing cylinder (4) and pressing box (5) are linked together in sequence along the working direction; The collecting component (2) is located at the rear end of the rotary tillage component (1) and includes an arc-shaped collecting shovel (205), a modular mesh conveyor belt (201) with baffles, a collecting motor (202), a support frame (203), and a working platform (204). The arc-shaped collecting shovel (205) has an elevation angle of 15°-20°, is lower in the front and higher in the back, and has a horizontal gap of 5-10mm and a longitudinal gap of 150-250mm with the rotary tillage blades of the rotary tillage component (1). The shovel mouth is 2-4cm above the ground. The modular mesh conveyor belt (201) with baffles is welded to the working platform (204) through two support frames (203), connected to the collecting motor (202), and its transmission speed is 1.2:1 to the rotary tillage blade speed. The feed box (3) is connected to the collection component (2), and a guide plate (301) is provided at the front right side. The guide plate (301) is adapted to the feeding port (302), and the feeding port (302) is connected to the top of the mixing cylinder (4). The feeding port (302) is sealed and slidably connected to the sealing plate (303). The sealing plate (303) is connected to the right inner wall of the feed box (3) through the compression spring (304). An extension rod (305) is provided on the left outer wall. An opening inclined plate (306) is slidably connected to the bottom wall of the left sealing chamber of the feed box (3). The inclined end in the horizontal direction abuts against the extension rod (305), and the upper and lower ends in the vertical direction abut against the extension rod (410). The stirring motor (402) is installed inside the left sealing chamber of the feed box (3). The mixing cylinder (4) is rotatably connected to the stirring shaft (401), and the stirring shaft (401) is connected to the stirring motor (402) in the feed box (3); the inner wall of the mixing cylinder (4) is provided with a sealing groove (403), and the outer wall is slidably connected to a sliding ring (404). The inner wall of the sliding ring (404) is equipped with an agent box (405) and a water box, which are sealed and slid in the sealing groove (403) and sealed by a folding plate (406); the sliding ring (404) is connected to a two-way screw (408) through a threaded block (407), and the two-way screw (408) is driven to the stirring shaft (401) through a transmission belt (409); the outer wall of the sliding ring (404) is provided with a top extension rod (410), and the bottom of the mixing cylinder (4) is provided with a discharge port (412) that is adapted to the inclined surface of the inner bottom wall; the bottom of the mixing cylinder (4) and the bottom of the feed box (3) have the same structure, but are installed in opposite directions. The pressing box (5) is connected to the discharge port (412), and a conveying auger (503) connected to the output end of the conveying motor (506) is rotatably connected inside; a rotating roller (501) and a pressing roller (502) are rotatably connected to the upper and lower sides of the left side of the pressing box (5). The two rollers are parallel to each other, have the same diameter, and are both smooth rollers. The rotating roller (501) is connected to the output end of the extrusion motor (507), and the connecting shaft (5011) of the pressing roller (502) shaft is connected to the driving belt ( 504) is driven to connect with the rotating roller (501) and the adjusting shaft (505) that slides through the wall of the pressing box (5); the connecting shaft (5011) is provided with a connecting block (5012), and the threaded plate (5013) on the outer wall of the connecting block (5012) is threadedly engaged with the adjusting screw (5014) that is rotatably connected to the outside of the pressing box (5); the outer wall of the pressing roller (502) is provided with a width adjusting ring (5015), and the rear end of the pressing box (5) is provided with a blanket outlet (508) and a cutting component.

2. The agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the application box (405) and the water box are connected to an external agent tank or water tank via a metering pump with an infrared beam switch to adjust the moisture content of the material in the mixing drum (4) to 18%-20%. Among them, modified starch is added as a binder in sandy soil conditions, and the dosage is 1%-2% of the dry weight of the soil. Modified starch is added as a binder in loam soil conditions, and the dosage is 0.5%-1% of the dry weight of the soil. No binder is added to clay. Gypsum is added as a binder in saline-alkali soil conditions. The dosages for light, medium and heavy saline-alkali soils are 1%-1.5%, 1.5%-2.5% and 2.5%-3.5% of the dry weight of the soil, respectively.

3. The agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matching parameters of the arc-shaped aggregate shovel (205) and the rotary tiller blade are adjusted according to the soil type: for loam and sandy soil conditions, the horizontal gap is 5-8mm, the longitudinal gap is 150-200mm, and the shovel head is 2-3cm from the ground; for clay conditions, the horizontal gap is 8-10mm, the longitudinal gap is 200-250mm, and the shovel head is 3-4cm from the ground; for saline-alkali soil conditions, the horizontal gap is 7-10mm, the longitudinal gap is 200-220mm, and the shovel head is 3-3.5cm from the ground.

4. The agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The forward speed of the rotary tillage component (1) is adapted to the crop type.

5. The agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the abutting rod (305) and the inclined surface of the opening inclined plate (306) are provided with pulleys, and the thickness of the opening inclined plate (306) increases from top to bottom.

6. The agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer ends of the adjusting shaft (505) and the adjusting screw (5014) are both fixed with handles, and the gap between the two rollers is adjusted according to the crop type.

7. The agricultural mud blanket processing and laying device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stirring shaft (401) has multiple sets of material feeding rods spaced apart along the axial direction, each set containing four material feeding rods (411) that are radially welded.

8. A method for processing and laying agricultural mud blankets based on the apparatus described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Device installation and parameter adjustment. Connect the device to the rear of the tractor and adjust the adaptation parameters according to the crop and soil type. S2: Synchronous operation starts, start each component, rotary tillage component (1) rotary tills the soil and straw, collection component (2) receives the material and transports it to the feed box (3), realizing synchronous rotary tillage and collection; S3: Periodic mixing process, the stirring motor (402) drives the stirring shaft (401) to rotate, which drives the two-way screw (408) to make the sliding ring (404) move up and down reciprocally. The top extension rod (410) controls the periodic opening and closing of the feeding port (302) and the discharge port (412). The agent box (405) and the water box add adhesive and water in a quantitative manner according to the soil type to realize feeding, mixing and discharge. S4: Forming and laying are synchronized. The mixed material enters the pressing box (5) through the discharge port (412). The conveying auger (503) pushes it to the gap between the rotating roller (501) and the pressing roller (502) for extrusion and forming. The thickness of the mud blanket is controlled by adjusting the gap between the two rollers through the adjusting screw (5014). The cutting component cuts according to the set length. The mud blanket is laid synchronously on both sides of the sowing row through the exit (508), realizing the synchronization of pressing, cutting and laying.

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