High-efficiency combined seed and fertilizer drill structure capable of deeply applying seeds and fertilizers in layered manner

Abstract

The invention is applicable to the technical field of agricultural seeding machinery, and provides an efficient fertilizing and seeding machine structure with a seed and fertilizer layered deep application function, which comprises a rack, a power transmission unit, a seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit, a synchronous linkage regulation and control unit and a graded soil covering and soil moisture conservation unit, in the first stage, basic application and sowing of vertical depth-keeping layering and horizontal staggered isolation of seed fertilizer are achieved through a seed fertilizer layering deep application unit, in the second stage, seed fertilizer application and sowing full-working-condition synchronous control matched with layering deep application is achieved through a synchronous linkage regulation and control unit, and in the third stage, solidification and closed-loop protection of a layering structure are achieved through a grading soil covering and soil moisture preservation unit; according to the invention, the seed fertilizer layered deep application effect is enhanced layer by layer progressively, the risk of seed fertilizer contact can be avoided thoroughly, the fertilizer efficiency utilization rate and the seeding operation quality are improved remarkably, and the agricultural requirements of seed fertilizer layered deep application of various crops are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural seeding machinery technology, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency fertilizer seeder structure with layered deep application of seed and fertilizer. Background Technology

[0002] Seed-fertilizer layered deep application is a core cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing technology in the cultivation of staple crops in my country. By applying fertilizer deep into the soil layer below or to the side of the seed, combined with shallow sowing, soil layer isolation between the seed and fertilizer is achieved. This avoids the risk of seed burn, reduces fertilizer volatilization and runoff, and improves fertilizer utilization. It has been widely used in the cultivation of staple crops such as corn, wheat, and soybeans. Existing seeders with seed-fertilizer layered deep application functions are all developed based on the basic process of "ditching-layered sowing-covering and compaction." The mainstream models are divided into two categories: front and rear double-ditch layered type and same-ditch shallow-depth sowing type, which have been widely promoted. However, with the continuous upgrading of agronomic requirements for conservation tillage and fertilizer reduction and efficiency, existing equipment still has insurmountable technical defects in the accuracy, stability, and closed-loop management of the entire process of seed-fertilizer layered deep application.

[0003] The core technical defects of the existing equipment are as follows:

[0004] The existing seed and fertilizer layered deep application structure can only achieve simple vertical deep and shallow sowing, and cannot achieve dual control of vertical fixed-depth layering and horizontal staggered isolation. During the operation, the layering accuracy fluctuates greatly due to the influence of terrain and straw, and the seed and fertilizer are prone to direct contact. It cannot stably achieve the agronomic requirements of seed and fertilizer layered deep application. At the same time, the fertilizer application depth is insufficient, which cannot give full play to the core advantages of deep application and fertilizer saving, and there are basic structural defects in layered deep application.

[0005] The seed and fertilizer dispensing drive systems of existing seed and fertilizer layered deep application equipment mostly adopt separate independent drives or fixed transmission ratio drives, which cannot achieve full-condition synchronous drive that matches the layered deep application structure. When the operating speed fluctuates, the seed and fertilizer dispensing actions are easily out of sync, the seed and fertilizer application ratio is seriously out of balance, and it cannot adapt to the agronomic parameters of layered deep application under different crops and different planting densities, resulting in a defect in the precise matching of layered deep application.

[0006] The existing seed-fertilizer layered deep application equipment's soil covering and compaction mechanism mostly adopts a single-operation, integrated approach without a layered structure solidification design. After fertilizer is applied, there is no pre-isolation protection, and the fertilizer layer is easily disturbed during the soil covering and compaction process, destroying the already formed seed-fertilizer layered structure and causing secondary mixing of seeds and fertilizer, thus completely negating the effect of layered deep application. At the same time, it cannot simultaneously take into account both seed layer compaction and overall soil moisture retention, resulting in poor seedling uniformity and a defect in the solidification of the effect of layered deep application.

[0007] Therefore, a high-efficiency fertilizer and seeding machine structure with layered deep application of seed fertilizer is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder structure with layered deep application of seed fertilizer to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0010] A high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder structure with layered deep application of seeds and fertilizer includes a frame, a power transmission unit, a layered deep application of seeds and fertilizer unit, a synchronous linkage control unit, a graded soil covering and moisture retention unit, a seed box, and a fertilizer box.

[0011] The front end of the frame is provided with a traction connection structure for connecting with traction power equipment such as tractors; the seed box and fertilizer box are fixed to the upper part of the frame and are used to store crop seeds and fertilizers respectively.

[0012] The power transmission unit is rotatably mounted on the lower front end of the frame. It is used to collect the working speed and output driving power that is completely synchronized with the working speed, providing a speed-synchronized power foundation for layered deep construction operations. The power output end of the power transmission unit is connected to the power input end of the synchronous linkage control unit.

[0013] The seed-fertilizer stratified deep application unit is fixed in the middle of the frame and is used to complete the dual isolation operation of fixed-depth fertilizer application and fixed-depth shallow seed sowing, forming the first progressive basic structure for realizing seed-fertilizer stratified deep application. The feed end of the seed-fertilizer stratified deep application unit is connected to the discharge port of the seed box and the fertilizer box respectively. The drive end of the seed-fertilizer stratified deep application unit is connected to the power output end of the synchronous linkage control unit. The synchronous linkage control unit is used to realize the synchronous drive of seed and fertilizer dispensing under all working conditions and the synchronous adjustment of the application rate, forming the second progressive control structure to ensure the precise matching of seed-fertilizer stratified deep application.

[0014] The graded soil covering and moisture retention unit is fixed at the rear of the frame and is set up in front and behind the seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit along the direction of travel. It is used to complete the fertilizer layer pre-isolation and solidification and graded soil covering and compaction operations, forming a third progressive closed-loop structure for solidifying the seed and fertilizer layered deep application effect.

[0015] In a further technical solution, the power transmission unit includes a ground wheel assembly, a main drive shaft, and a universal joint assembly;

[0016] The ground wheel assembly is rotatably mounted on the left and right sides of the lower part of the frame via bearing seats. The two ends of the main drive shaft are coaxially and fixedly connected to the wheel axles of the ground wheel assemblies on both sides. The main drive shaft is connected to the power input end of the synchronous linkage control unit through the universal joint assembly, so as to achieve complete synchronization and matching between the working travel speed and the power output, avoid the deviation of the seeding amount caused by speed fluctuation, and ensure the stability of the layered deep application operation.

[0017] A further technical solution is that the seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit includes several groups of seeding units arranged side by side along the frame. Each group of seeding units includes a deep fertilizer furrow opener, a shallow seeding furrow opener, a fertilizer metering device, a seed metering device, a fertilizer path guide pipe, and a seed path guide pipe.

[0018] The feed inlet of the fertilizer dispenser is connected to the discharge outlet of the fertilizer box. The discharge outlet of the fertilizer dispenser is connected to the closed fertilizer guiding chamber of the deep fertilizer ditch opener through the fertilizer guide pipe, so as to avoid fertilizer spillage and soil backflow blocking the channel during the fertilizer transportation process, and ensure that the fertilizer is accurately applied to the preset deep application layer.

[0019] The inlet of the seed metering device is connected to the outlet of the seed box. The outlet of the seed metering device is connected to the anti-soil-falling seed guiding chamber of the shallow seeding furrow opener through the seed path guide pipe, so as to avoid soil falling back and blocking the seed guiding channel during the furrowing process, and ensure that the seeds are accurately sown into the preset shallow sowing layer. Both the deep fertilization furrow opener and the shallow seeding furrow opener are fixed to the lower part of the frame through adjustable mounting bases. The furrowing depth and horizontal offset spacing can be adjusted according to agronomic requirements to adapt to the layered deep application requirements of different crops.

[0020] A further technical solution is that the furrowing depth of the deep fertilizer ditcher is greater than that of the shallow seeding ditcher. Along the traveling direction of the frame, the deep fertilizer ditcher is located directly in front of the shallow seeding ditcher. In the horizontal direction, the center line of the deep fertilizer ditcher and the center line of the shallow seeding ditcher are provided with a preset misalignment distance, so as to achieve dual protection of vertical fixed-depth layering of seeds and fertilizers and horizontal misalignment isolation, and structurally stably realize the core agronomic requirement of layered deep application of seeds and fertilizers.

[0021] A further technical solution is that the synchronous linkage control unit includes a continuously variable transmission, a fertilizer discharge linkage shaft, a seed discharge linkage shaft, and a transmission ratio adjustment handle;

[0022] The continuously variable transmission (CVT) gearbox is fixed to the upper part of the frame. The power input end of the CVT gearbox is connected to the power transmission unit. The CVT gearbox is equipped with two rigid synchronous power output ends. The two output ends are respectively connected to one end of the fertilizer discharge linkage shaft and the seed discharge linkage shaft to ensure absolute synchronization of the seed discharge and fertilizer discharge actions and adapt to the timing of the preceding and following operations of layered deep application.

[0023] The transmission ratio adjustment handle is rotatably mounted on the housing of the continuously variable transmission gearbox and is used to synchronously adjust the transmission ratio of the two output terminals to achieve synchronous linear adjustment of the seeding rate and fertilizer application rate, and to accurately match the ratio requirements of different layered deep application agronomic parameters.

[0024] In a further technical solution, the fertilizer discharge linkage shaft is arranged laterally along the frame, connecting the drive ends of the fertilizer dischargers of all seeding units in series;

[0025] The seed metering linkage shaft is set horizontally along the frame, connecting the drive ends of the seed metering devices of all seeding units in series, so as to realize the complete synchronization of the fertilizer and seed metering actions of all seeding units and ensure the consistency of the layered deep application operation of each row of the whole machine.

[0026] A further technical solution is that each of the two power output ends of the continuously variable transmission is equipped with an independent overload protection clutch. The two sets of overload protection clutches are respectively connected to the fertilizer discharge linkage shaft and the seed discharge linkage shaft. When jamming or stalling occurs during operation, the power of the corresponding branch is automatically cut off to avoid damage to the transmission components and the sowing components, while ensuring the normal operation of the other branch and improving the overall reliability of the machine.

[0027] A further technical solution is that the graded soil covering and moisture retention unit includes several groups of working units that correspond one-to-one with the seeding unit. Each group of working units includes a fertilizer layer pre-covering scraper, a seed layer soil covering disc, a first-level seed layer compaction wheel, and a second-level full-area compaction wheel.

[0028] The fertilizer layer pre-covering scraper is fixed behind the deep fertilizer furrow opener and in front of the shallow seeding furrow opener. It is used to complete the pre-covering soil sealing of fertilizer before sowing, solidify the deep fertilizer application layer, and form an isolation soil layer between the seed and fertilizer.

[0029] The seed layer covering disc is rotatably installed behind the shallow seed furrow opener to complete the uniform covering of seeds with soil.

[0030] The primary seed-layer pressing wheel and the secondary full-area pressing wheel are installed at the rear of the frame, rotating sequentially back and forth along the direction of the frame's travel, to achieve graded pressing and moisture retention without damaging the solidified seed-fertilizer layered structure throughout the process.

[0031] A further technical solution is that the lower end face of the fertilizer layer pre-coating scraper and the bottom surface of the deep fertilizer trencher are provided with a preset vertical distance. The width of the fertilizer layer pre-coating scraper is greater than the trenching width of the deep fertilizer trencher, ensuring that the fertilizer is completely sealed and isolated by the soil layer, forming a stable seed-fertilizer isolation layer. At the same time, the guide wing can avoid disturbing the fertilizer layer during the covering process, ensuring the stability of the deep application layer structure.

[0032] The width of the primary seed layer compaction wheel matches the furrowing width of the shallow seeder, and is used for precise compaction of the seed layer to ensure close contact between the seeds and the soil. The secondary full-area compaction wheel is a through-shaft integral compaction wheel, and its width matches the overall working width of the machine. It is used for overall moisture-retaining compaction within the working width to reduce soil moisture loss, while not damaging the seed-fertilizer layer structure of each row.

[0033] In a further technical solution, the traction connection structure at the front end of the frame is a three-point suspension frame, and the main body of the frame is a welded rectangular tube main beam frame.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] This invention addresses the fundamental structural defects of existing technologies, such as poor precision in seed-fertilizer stratification and the inability to reliably achieve deep application agronomic requirements. Through a first-stage seed-fertilizer stratification and deep application unit, it achieves dual control of vertical, fixed-depth stratification and horizontal, staggered isolation of seeds and fertilizers, fundamentally ensuring the core agronomic requirements of stratified deep application and completely avoiding the risk of direct contact between seeds and fertilizers. Furthermore, the closed fertilizer-conducting cavity structure precisely delivers fertilizer into the deep soil layers, fully leveraging the advantages of deep application and fertilizer conservation, reducing fertilizer volatilization and loss, significantly improving fertilizer utilization, and solving the fundamental challenges in achieving stratified deep application.

[0036] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as asynchronous seeding and improper fertilizer application, which fail to accurately match the requirements of stratified deep application agronomy. Through a second synchronous linkage control unit, it achieves rigid synchronous drive under all working conditions, perfectly matching the stratified deep application structure. Seeding and fertilization actions are completely synchronized with the operating speed, thoroughly resolving the problem of uneven seeding caused by speed fluctuations. Furthermore, by using a single handle for synchronous linear adjustment of seeding and fertilization rates, without the need to replace transmission components, it can quickly adapt to stratified deep application agronomic parameters for different crops and planting densities, significantly improving the accuracy and adaptability of stratified deep application operations.

[0037] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the susceptibility of the layered structure to damage and the tendency for deep application effects to fail. By employing a third-level, graded soil covering and moisture-retaining unit, the fertilizer layer is pre-covered and solidified before sowing and covering, ensuring the established seed-fertilizer layer structure remains undisturbed throughout the process. This completely avoids the risk of secondary mixing of seeds and fertilizer, stabilizing and solidifying the effects of layered deep application. Furthermore, the graded compaction structure balances precise seed layer compaction with overall moisture retention, significantly improving the uniformity of seedling emergence in the field. This achieves closed-loop management of the entire layered deep application process, solving the problem of long-term stability of the layered deep application effect.

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the structural features and effects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall architecture of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a frontal view of the power transmission unit of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the side view of the single-unit broadcasting architecture of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a side view of the architecture of the synchronous linkage control unit of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a side view of the structure of the graded soil covering and moisture retention unit of the present invention.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 11. Three-point suspension frame; 12. Main beam frame; 2. Power transmission unit; 21. Ground wheel assembly; 22. Main drive shaft; 23. Universal joint assembly; 3. Seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit; 31. Deep fertilizer furrow opener; 32. Shallow seed furrow opener; 33. Fertilizer dispenser; 34. Seed dispenser; 35. Fertilizer path guide pipe; 36. Seed path guide pipe; 4. Synchronous linkage control unit; 41. Continuously variable transmission gearbox; 42. Fertilizer dispensing linkage shaft; 43. Seed dispensing linkage shaft; 44. Transmission ratio adjustment handle; 45. Overload protection clutch; 5. Graded soil covering and moisture retention unit; 51. Fertilizer layer pre-covering scraper; 52. Seed layer soil covering disc; 53. First-level seed layer compaction wheel; 54. Second-level full-area compaction wheel; 6. Seed box; 7. Fertilizer box. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0046] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1-5 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder structure with layered deep application of seeds and fertilizer, including a frame 1, a power transmission unit 2, a layered deep application of seeds and fertilizer unit 3, a seed box 6, and a fertilizer box 7.

[0049] The front end of the frame 1 is equipped with a three-point suspension frame 11. The main body of the frame 1 is a welded rectangular tube main beam frame 12, which is suitable for conventional field operation widths.

[0050] Seed box 6 and fertilizer box 7 are fixed to the upper part of frame 1 by bolts, and are used to store crop seeds and fertilizer respectively;

[0051] The power transmission unit 2 is rotatably mounted on the lower front end of the frame 1, including the ground wheel assembly 21, the main drive shaft 22 and the universal joint assembly 23. The ground wheel assembly 21 is rotatably mounted on the left and right sides of the lower part of the frame 1 through bearing seats. The two ends of the main drive shaft 22 are coaxially and fixedly connected to the wheel axles of the ground wheel assemblies 21 on both sides. The main drive shaft 22 outputs power to the outside through the universal joint assembly 23, which is synchronized with the travel speed.

[0052] The seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit 3 includes several groups of seeding units arranged equidistantly along the transverse side of the frame 1. Each group of seeding units includes a deep fertilizer furrow opener 31, a shallow seeding furrow opener 32, an outer groove wheel fertilizer dispenser 33, an outer groove wheel seed dispenser 34, a fertilizer path guide pipe 35, and a seed path guide pipe 36. The inlet of the fertilizer dispenser 33 is connected to the outlet of the fertilizer box 7, and the outlet is connected to the closed fertilizer guiding cavity of the deep fertilizer furrow opener 31 through the fertilizer path guide pipe 35. The inlet of the seed dispenser 34 is connected to the outlet of the seed box 6, and the outlet is connected to the anti-soil seed guiding cavity of the shallow seeding furrow opener 32 through the seed path guide pipe 36.

[0053] The furrowing depth of the deep fertilization furrow opener 31 is greater than that of the shallow seeding furrow opener 32. Along the traveling direction of the frame 1, the deep fertilization furrow opener 31 is located directly in front of the shallow seeding furrow opener 32. The center lines of the two are provided with a preset offset distance in the horizontal direction. Both the deep fertilization furrow opener 31 and the shallow seeding furrow opener 32 are fixed to the lower part of the frame 1 by adjustable mounting bases.

[0054] In this embodiment, this structure is a conventional field planting machine model, suitable for plowing and planting scenarios of staple crops such as corn and wheat in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. Its core function is to achieve the basic function of deep application of seeds and fertilizer in layers. Through the double isolation structure of vertical layering and horizontal staggering, it can stably achieve the agronomic requirements of deep application of seeds and fertilizer in layers. The structure is simple and reliable, easy to maintain, and can be directly adapted to existing mainstream traction power equipment, and has strong promotion and practicality.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that a synchronous linkage control unit 4 is added on the basis of embodiment 1.

[0057] The synchronous linkage control unit 4 includes a continuously variable transmission 41, a fertilizer discharge linkage shaft 42, a seed discharge linkage shaft 43, and a transmission ratio adjustment handle 44;

[0058] The continuously variable transmission 41 is fixed to the upper part of the frame 1. Its power input end is connected to the universal joint assembly 23. The housing is provided with two rigid synchronous power output ends. Each output end is provided with an independent overload protection clutch 45. The two sets of overload protection clutches 45 are respectively connected to one end of the fertilizer discharge linkage shaft 42 and the seed discharge linkage shaft 43.

[0059] The transmission ratio adjustment handle 44 is rotatably mounted on the housing of the continuously variable transmission 41 and is used to synchronously adjust the transmission ratio of the two output terminals.

[0060] The fertilizer discharge linkage shaft 42 is arranged laterally along the frame 1 and connects the drive ends of the fertilizer dischargers 33 of all seeding units in series. The seed discharge linkage shaft 43 is arranged laterally along the frame 1 and connects the drive ends of the seed dischargers 34 of all seeding units in series.

[0061] The deep fertilizer furrow opener 31 has a no-till stubble-breaking disc blade coaxially mounted at the front end, which is suitable for stubble-breaking operations in straw-covered fields.

[0062] In this embodiment, this structure is a dedicated model for no-till conservation tillage, suitable for no-till planting scenarios with full straw coverage of crops such as corn and soybeans in Northeast and North China. Under the premise of the first layer deep application basic structure, the second layer synchronous linkage control structure realizes full-condition synchronous drive and synchronous adjustment of application rate matching the layer deep application, solving the core problems of asynchronous application and mismatch of ratio in existing equipment. The dual-path independent overload protection structure can effectively avoid equipment damage caused by straw congestion, and greatly improve the accuracy, stability and scenario adaptability of layer deep application of seeds and fertilizers.

[0063] Example 3

[0064] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 2 is that a graded soil covering and moisture retention unit 5 is added on the basis of embodiment 2.

[0065] The graded soil covering and moisture retention unit 5 includes several sets of operating units that correspond one-to-one with the seeding unit. Each set of operating units includes a fertilizer layer pre-covering scraper 51 with double-sided guide wings, a seed layer soil covering disc 52, and a first-level seed layer compaction wheel 53. The first-level seed layer compaction wheel 53 and the second-level full-area compaction wheel 54 are installed in sequence at the rear of the frame 1 along the direction of travel.

[0066] The fertilizer layer pre-covering scraper 51 is fixed behind the deep fertilizer ditch opener 31 and in front of the shallow seeding ditch opener 32. Its lower end face and the bottom surface of the deep fertilizer ditch opener 31 are provided with a preset vertical distance, the width of which is greater than the ditch width of the deep fertilizer ditch opener 31.

[0067] The seed layer covering disc 52 is rotated and installed behind the shallow seeding furrow opener 32;

[0068] The width of the primary seed layer pressing wheel 53 matches the furrowing width of the shallow seed furrow opener 32, and the secondary full-area pressing wheel 54 is a through-shaft integral pressing wheel with a width that matches the overall machine operating width.

[0069] This embodiment is also equipped with an electronically controlled precision control unit, including a positioning module, a fertilizer flow sensor, a seed flow sensor, an electronically controlled actuator, and a vehicle-mounted control terminal. The electrical components are electrically connected to each other to achieve precise control and variable operation of the layered deep application parameters.

[0070] In this embodiment, the structure is a dedicated model for large-scale precision planting, adapted to the precise variable seed and fertilizer layered deep application operation in large-scale planting bases. Based on the first two progressive structures, a third-level graded soil covering and moisture retention structure is used to achieve pre-solidification of the seed and fertilizer layered structure and closed-loop protection throughout the entire process. This completely solves the problems of easy damage to the layered structure and easy failure of the deep application effect. The triple progressive structure closely adheres to the core requirements of seed and fertilizer layered deep application, with each link interlocking and strengthening step by step, completely solving the technical pain points of the entire process of seed and fertilizer layered deep application. It has outstanding novelty, creativity and practicality.

[0071] Working principle and usage process of this invention:

[0072] The high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder structure of the present invention, which integrates layered deep application of seed and fertilizer, is connected to tractor or other traction power equipment through the three-point suspension frame 11 at the front end of the frame 1 during operation. The traction equipment drives the frame 1 to move along the working direction. Based on the core agronomic requirements of layered deep application of seed and fertilizer, the entire closed-loop operation is completed through a three-layered progressive structure.

[0073] During operation, the ground wheel assembly 21 of the power transmission unit 2 rolls in contact with the ground, driving the main drive shaft 22 to rotate synchronously. The main drive shaft 22 transmits power that is completely synchronized with the travel speed to the continuously variable transmission box 41 of the synchronous linkage control unit 4 through the universal joint assembly 23, ensuring that the seeding and fertilizer application rates are synchronously adjusted when the operating speed changes, providing a power foundation for stratified deep application operations with synchronized speed.

[0074] The first progressive basic operation: The continuously variable transmission box 41 drives the fertilizer dispensers 33 of all the sowing units to work synchronously through the fertilizer discharge linkage shaft 42. After the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 7 is metered by the fertilizer dispenser 33, it is sent into the closed fertilizer guide chamber of the deep fertilizer ditch opener 31 through the fertilizer guide pipe 35, and accurately applied into the preset soil depth to complete the fixed-depth application of fertilizer.

[0075] Meanwhile, through the structural design of the vertical depth difference and horizontal centerline misalignment between the deep fertilization furrow opener 31 and the shallow seeding furrow opener 32, a dual isolation space of vertical layering of seeds and fertilizers and horizontal misalignment is constructed, which stably achieves the basic agronomic requirements of deep layering of seeds and fertilizers and completes the first progressive operation.

[0076] The second progressive control operation: The continuously variable transmission 41 drives the seed metering linkage shaft 43 and the fertilizer metering linkage shaft 42 to rotate completely synchronously through two rigid synchronous output ends, thereby driving all seed metering devices 34 and fertilizer metering devices 33 to work synchronously, realizing full-condition synchronization of seed metering and fertilizer metering actions, and matching the timing of the preceding and following operations of layered deep application.

[0077] The transmission ratio adjustment handle 44 can be used to simultaneously adjust the transmission ratio of seeding and fertilizer application, thereby achieving synchronous linear adjustment of seeding and fertilizer application, accurately matching the agronomic ratio requirements of stratified deep application, and completing the second progressive control operation.

[0078] The third progressive closed-loop operation: After the deep application of fertilizer is completed, the fertilizer layer pre-covering scraper 51 located behind the deep fertilizer furrow opener 31 will then operate to scrape the soil on both sides of the deep fertilizer furrow into the furrow, complete the pre-covering soil sealing of fertilizer before seed sowing, solidify the deep fertilizer layer, form a fixed isolation soil layer between the seed and fertilizer, and completely avoid the damage to the layered structure caused by subsequent operations.

[0079] Subsequently, the shallow seeding furrow opener 32 opens a shallow seed furrow on the side above the isolation soil layer, and the synchronously linked seed metering device 34 accurately sows the seeds into the shallow seed furrow. The seed layer covering disc 52 completes the uniform covering of the seeds with soil, the first-level seed layer compaction wheel 53 completes the precise compaction of the seed layer, and the second-level full-area compaction wheel 54 completes the overall moisture-retaining compaction within the working width. The solidified seed-fertilizer layer structure is not damaged throughout the process, completing the third progressive closed-loop operation, and finally achieving stable and efficient seed-fertilizer layered deep application sowing operation.

[0080] The circuits, electronic components, and modules involved are all existing technologies, which can be fully implemented by those skilled in the art, and need not be elaborated upon. The content protected by this invention does not involve any improvement to the software and methods.

[0081] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder structure with layered deep application of seed and fertilizer, characterized in that: It includes a frame (1), a power transmission unit (2), a seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit (3), a synchronous linkage control unit (4), a graded soil covering and moisture retention unit (5), a seed box (6), and a fertilizer box (7). The front end of the frame (1) is provided with a traction connection structure, and the seed box (6) and fertilizer box (7) are fixed to the upper part of the frame (1); The power transmission unit (2) is rotatably mounted on the lower front end of the frame (1), and the power output end of the power transmission unit (2) is connected to the power input end of the synchronous linkage control unit (4). The seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit (3) is fixed in the middle of the frame (1). The feed end of the seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit (3) is connected to the discharge port of the seed box (6) and the fertilizer box (7) respectively. The drive end of the seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit (3) is connected to the power output end of the synchronous linkage control unit (4). The graded soil covering and moisture retention unit (5) is fixed at the tail of the frame (1) and is set in a corresponding manner to the seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit (3) along the direction of travel.

2. The structure of the high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder with layered deep application of seed fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power transmission unit (2) includes a ground wheel assembly (21), a main drive shaft (22), and a universal joint assembly (23). The ground wheel assembly (21) is rotatably mounted on the left and right sides of the lower part of the frame (1) via bearing seats. The two ends of the main drive shaft (22) are coaxially fixedly connected to the wheel axles of the ground wheel assemblies (21) on both sides. The main drive shaft (22) is connected to the power input end of the synchronous linkage control unit (4) via the universal joint assembly (23).

3. The structure of the high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder with layered deep application of seed fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed and fertilizer layered deep application unit (3) includes several groups of seeding units arranged in parallel along the frame (1). Each group of seeding units includes a deep fertilizer furrow opener (31), a shallow seeding furrow opener (32), a fertilizer dispenser (33), a seed dispenser (34), a fertilizer path guide pipe (35), and a seed path guide pipe (36). The feed inlet of the fertilizer dispenser (33) is connected to the discharge outlet of the fertilizer box (7), and the discharge outlet of the fertilizer dispenser (33) is connected to the closed fertilizer guiding cavity of the deep fertilizer ditch opener (31) through the fertilizer guide pipe (35). The inlet of the seed metering device (34) is connected to the outlet of the seed box (6), and the outlet of the seed metering device (34) is connected to the anti-soil-falling seed guide cavity of the shallow seeding furrow opener (32) through the seed path guide pipe (36).

4. The structure of the high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder with layered deep application of seed fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that: The furrowing depth of the deep fertilization furrow opener (31) is greater than that of the shallow seeding furrow opener (32). Along the traveling direction of the frame (1), the deep fertilization furrow opener (31) is located directly in front of the shallow seeding furrow opener (32). The center line of the deep fertilization furrow opener (31) and the center line of the shallow seeding furrow opener (32) are provided with a preset misalignment distance in the horizontal direction.

5. The structure of a high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder with layered deep application of seed fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The synchronous linkage control unit (4) includes a continuously variable transmission (41), a fertilizer discharge linkage shaft (42), a seed discharge linkage shaft (43), and a transmission ratio adjustment handle (44). The continuously variable transmission (CVT) housing is fixed to the upper part of the frame (1). The power input end of the CVT housing (41) is connected to the power transmission unit (2). The CVT housing (41) is provided with two rigid synchronous power output ends. The two output ends are respectively connected to one end of the fertilizer discharge linkage shaft (42) and the seed discharge linkage shaft (43). The transmission ratio adjustment handle (44) is rotatably mounted on the housing of the continuously variable transmission (41).

6. The structure of a high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder with layered deep application of seed and fertilizer as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The fertilizer discharge linkage shaft (42) is arranged laterally along the frame (1) and connects the drive ends of the fertilizer dischargers (33) of all the seeding units in series; The seeding linkage shaft (43) is arranged laterally along the frame (1) and connects the drive ends of the seeders (34) of all seeding units in series.

7. The structure of a high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder with layered deep application of seed fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The continuously variable transmission (CVT) gearbox (41) has two independent overload protection clutches (45) at its two power output ends. The two sets of overload protection clutches (45) are respectively connected to the fertilizer discharge linkage shaft (42) and the seed discharge linkage shaft (43).

8. The structure of a high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder with layered deep application of seed fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graded soil covering and moisture retention unit (5) includes several sets of operation units that correspond one-to-one with the seeding unit. Each set of operation units includes a fertilizer layer pre-covering scraper (51), a seed layer soil covering disc (52), a first-level seed layer compaction wheel (53), and a second-level full-area compaction wheel (54). The fertilizer layer pre-coating scraper (51) is fixed behind the deep fertilizer ditch opener (31) and in front of the shallow seeding ditch opener (32); The seed layer covering disc (52) is rotatably mounted behind the shallow seeding furrow opener (32); The first-level seed-layer pressing wheel (53) and the second-level full-area pressing wheel (54) are installed at the tail of the frame (1) in sequence, rotating back and forth along the traveling direction of the frame (1).

9. The structure of a high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder with layered deep application of seed fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lower end face of the fertilizer layer pre-coating scraper (51) and the bottom surface of the deep fertilizer ditch opener (31) are provided with a preset vertical distance, and the width of the fertilizer layer pre-coating scraper (51) is greater than the ditch width of the deep fertilizer ditch opener (31). The width of the primary seed layer pressing wheel (53) matches the furrowing width of the shallow seed furrow opener (32), and the secondary full-area pressing wheel (54) is a through-shaft integral pressing wheel with a width matching the working width of the whole machine.

10. The structure of a high-efficiency fertilizer and seeder with layered deep application of seed fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traction connection structure at the front end of the frame (1) is a three-point suspension frame (11), and the main body of the frame (1) is a welded rectangular tube main beam frame (12).

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