Air purification device and air purification system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of air purification, and particularly relates to an air purification device and an air purification system. The air purification device comprises a shell provided with an air inlet and an air outlet and forming an airflow channel; the foamed ceramic carrier is arranged in the airflow channel; the three purification modules are sequentially connected in series, are respectively a catalytic oxidation module, a chemical neutralization module and a chelation adsorption module, and are sequentially arranged on the foamed ceramic carrier along the airflow direction; after entering the airflow channel through the air inlet, airflow sequentially flows through the catalytic oxidation module, the chemical neutralization module and the chelation adsorption module to be treated, and then is discharged from the air outlet. The catalytic oxidation module, the chemical neutralization module and the chelating adsorption module are sequentially connected in series in the airflow direction to form a graded targeted purification process, efficient and irreversible removal of various toxic and harmful gases is achieved, and the viability in a high-grade comprehensive protection environment is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of air purification technology, specifically relating to an air purification device and an air purification system. Background Technology

[0002] High-level integrated protective systems are crucial equipment for ensuring personnel survival in environments contaminated by biological and chemical substances. In existing technologies, these systems typically consist of two parts: an overpressure collective protective system and a filtration and ventilation system. The overpressure collective protective system pumps filtered clean air into the sealed chamber using a high-powered fan, maintaining a stable positive pressure (typically 0.2%–2% atmospheric pressure) to prevent contaminated external air from seeping in through gaps in the chamber. The filtration and ventilation system, as the core component of physicochemical purification, generally includes four stages: pre-filtration, high-efficiency particulate filtration, chemical filter filtration, and harmful gas purification. Pre-filtration uses stainless steel mesh, synthetic fiber non-woven fabric, or cyclone separators to intercept large particles; high-efficiency particulate filtration uses ultra-fine glass fiber filter paper to deeply filter aerosols, bacteria, and other tiny particles; chemical filtration uses steam-activated spherical activated carbon with extremely high specific surface area as a base, impregnated with metal compounds such as copper, silver, and chromium (typical ASC-type impregnated carbon), to remove nerve agents, vesicants, etc. through physical adsorption and chemical decomposition; the harmful gas purification stage uses hopalat agent to catalyze the oxidation of carbon monoxide, and alkali-impregnated activated carbon to adsorb acidic industrial toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine.

[0003] While existing protection systems possess basic filtration capabilities for various pollutants, they still suffer from the following shortcomings: First, their protection spectrum has blind spots, lacking specific methods for targeting particular pollutants. Traditional carbon materials have low adsorption capacity and weak binding force for acidic gases (such as SO2 and NOx), making them prone to reversible desorption; they lack chemical chelation mechanisms for fine heavy metal aerosols that penetrate HEPA filter paper; and they lack broad-spectrum backup capture methods against novel or unknown toxic agents. Second, their mechanisms of action are singular, mainly relying on physical adsorption or weak chemical impregnation. Toxic agent molecules are only "enriched" rather than completely destroyed. When the ambient temperature rises or adsorption becomes saturated, the captured highly toxic substances are easily desorbed and released, posing a secondary poisoning hazard. Furthermore, existing technologies often involve simple mixing or disordered stacking of various functional fillers, resulting in poor chemical compatibility and significant competitive adsorption effects. Acidic gases may corrode alkaline catalysts, or different toxic agents may compete for adsorption sites, significantly shortening the effective protection time. In addition, increasing the filling thickness to compensate for the inefficiency of a single material will significantly increase airflow resistance, making it difficult to meet the tactical requirements of large air volume and rapid air exchange; at the same time, the filter element lacks real-time monitoring means, making it impossible to predict the failure time, which poses a safety hazard; the system needs to consume a lot of power to maintain overpressure and overcome air resistance, generating significant heat load and acoustic signals, which is not conducive to covert operations.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of air purification device that can efficiently, rapidly, and selectively remove specific highly toxic gases, while also possessing broad-spectrum protection capabilities, a compact structure, low resistance, and intelligent monitoring capabilities, in order to comprehensively enhance its survivability in complex polluted environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide an air purification device and air purification system. By connecting a catalytic oxidation module, a chemical neutralization module, and a chelation adsorption module in series along the airflow direction, a graded targeted purification process is formed, which achieves efficient and irreversible removal of various toxic and harmful gases, significantly improving survivability in high-level comprehensive protection environments.

[0006] This invention provides an air purification device, comprising:

[0007] The housing has an air inlet and an air outlet, forming an airflow channel; A foam ceramic carrier is disposed within the airflow channel; Three purification modules connected in series, namely a catalytic oxidation module, a chemical neutralization module, and a chelation adsorption module, are arranged sequentially on the foam ceramic carrier along the airflow direction; in, The catalytic oxidation module includes copper-containing activated carbon supported on a foam ceramic carrier, used for the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen cyanide and cyanide-containing alkaline gases. The chemical neutralization module includes nano-magnesium oxide powder loaded on a foam ceramic carrier for irreversibly adsorbing and neutralizing acidic gases and carbon monoxide; The chelation adsorption module includes an EDTA-Fe complex and a magnetite composite material loaded on a foam ceramic carrier, which is used to chelate heavy metal ions and provide a broad-spectrum chemical adsorption function. After the airflow enters the airflow channel through the air inlet, it flows sequentially through the catalytic oxidation module, the chemical neutralization module, and the chelation adsorption module before being discharged from the air outlet.

[0008] Furthermore, the copper species in the copper-containing activated carbon are Cu 0 Cu + or Cu² + It exists in the form of a gas used to catalytically oxidize hydrogen cyanide into carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water at room temperature.

[0009] Furthermore, the catalytic oxidation module is loaded onto the foam ceramic support by the following method: Copper-containing activated carbon powder is mixed with a binder to form a slurry, which is then coated onto a foam ceramic carrier. After drying, the slurry is heated to 300-400°C at a rate of 2-5°C / min in an inert atmosphere and calcined for 2-4 hours to cure.

[0010] Furthermore, the nano-magnesium oxide powder has a particle size of 20-50 nm, and its surface alkaline sites are used to undergo an irreversible chemical neutralization reaction with acidic gases to generate inorganic salts.

[0011] Furthermore, the chemical neutralization module is loaded onto the foam ceramic carrier by the following method: A slurry is prepared by mixing 20-50 nm nano-magnesium oxide powder with a binder, and the slurry is uniformly loaded onto a foam ceramic carrier using the dip-coating method. Air dry at room temperature for 2 hours, then dry at 60-80°C for 4 hours; Then, in an air atmosphere, heat to 150°C at 1°C / min and hold for 1 hour, then heat to 450-550°C at 2°C / min and calcine for 3-5 hours to solidify.

[0012] Furthermore, in the chelation adsorption module, the iron oxide is loaded on the surface and within the pores of the foam ceramic carrier, and the EDTA-Fe complex is loaded on the surface of the iron oxide, forming a hierarchical composite structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the chelation adsorption module is loaded onto the foam ceramic carrier by the following method: Nano-iron oxide powder and binder are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, ultrasonically dispersed to form a slurry, coated on a foam ceramic carrier, dried at 60°C for 4 hours, and then heat-treated at 250°C for 1 hour under nitrogen protection to load iron oxide onto the surface and pores of the foam ceramic carrier. The foam ceramic carrier loaded with iron oxide was immersed in the EDTA-Fe complex solution and soaked at room temperature for 2-4 hours to load the EDTA-Fe complex onto the surface of iron oxide. After removal, slowly dry at 60-80°C for 6-8 hours; The complex is fixed in situ by heat treatment at 120-150°C for 2 hours under nitrogen or vacuum.

[0014] Furthermore, the foam ceramic carrier is an alumina foam ceramic material; The foam ceramic carrier comprises three independent foam ceramic blocks, which respectively support the catalytic oxidation module, the chemical neutralization module, and the chelation adsorption module; A perforated metal partition is placed between two adjacent foam ceramic blocks to separate the modules and distribute the airflow evenly.

[0015] The present invention also provides an air purification system, comprising: The aforementioned air purification device is arranged within the main air duct of the system; A high-efficiency particulate filter is installed upstream of the air purification device to intercept particulate matter; The main activated carbon filter canister is located downstream of the air purification device and is used to adsorb nerve agents, vesicants, and radioactive iodine. At least one sensor is installed at the inlet and outlet of the air purification device for real-time monitoring of airflow parameters; A control system, connected to the sensor, is used to receive monitoring data and control the operation of the air purification system; The airflow passes sequentially through the high-efficiency particulate filter, the air purification device, and the main activated carbon filter canister before entering the target air purification area.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a positive pressure maintenance system, which comprises: A fan is located downstream of the main activated carbon filter canister to deliver purified air into the target air purification area. A barometric pressure sensor is installed within the target air purification area to monitor the air pressure in the space in real time. The control system is connected to the fan and the air pressure sensor respectively, and is used to adjust the fan speed according to the air pressure in the air purification target area to maintain a positive pressure in the air purification target area relative to the external environment. After the airflow passes sequentially through the high-efficiency particulate filter, the air purification device, and the main activated carbon filter canister, it is delivered to the air purification target area by the fan. Under positive pressure, it prevents unpurified external air from seeping into the air purification target area through gaps.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are that by sequentially connecting the catalytic oxidation module, the chemical neutralization module, and the chelation adsorption module along the airflow direction on a foam ceramic carrier, a specific sequence of "catalytic oxidation pre-positioned, chemical neutralization in the middle, and chelation adsorption post-positioned" is formed: the catalytic oxidation module utilizes copper-containing activated carbon to preferentially remove highly toxic cyanide-containing gases with small molecules and rapid diffusion, preventing them from competing with subsequent acidic gases for adsorption sites; the chemical neutralization module utilizes nano-alumina to specifically neutralize high-concentration acidic gases in a clean environment without HCN interference, creating a stable and predictable performance degradation curve. Conditions: The chelation adsorption module utilizes the hierarchical composite structure of EDTA-Fe and iron tetroxide to capture trace heavy metals and unknown toxins in the mild airflow after the first two stages of purification, preventing the fine chelation sites from being blocked or destroyed by high concentrations of pollutants. This sequential arrangement allows each module to operate under optimal conditions, protect each other, and synergistically enhance each other's efficiency. It avoids the problems of competitive adsorption, catalyst poisoning, and active site deactivation caused by traditional mixed loading or arbitrary sorting, achieving a qualitative change from physical enrichment to chemical destruction, significantly extending the overall penetration time, and fundamentally eliminating the risk of secondary pollution. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the air purification device in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air purification system in this invention.

[0019] In the diagram, 1-shell; 101-air inlet; 102-air outlet; 2-foam ceramic carrier; 3-catalytic oxidation module; 4-chemical neutralization module; 5-chelation adsorption module; 6-main air duct; 601-inlet; 602-air purification target area; 603-return air duct; 7-high-efficiency particulate filter; 8-main activated carbon filter canister; 9-fan; 10-metal perforated partition; 11-toxic gas sensor; 12-control system. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0022] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two elements or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0025] like Figures 1-2 As shown, the present invention provides an air purification device, characterized in that it comprises: The housing 1 is provided with an air inlet 101 and an air outlet 102, forming an airflow channel; Foam ceramic carrier 2 is disposed within the airflow channel; Three purification modules connected in series, namely catalytic oxidation module 3, chemical neutralization module 4 and chelation adsorption module 5, are arranged sequentially on the foam ceramic carrier 2 along the airflow direction; in, The catalytic oxidation module 3 includes copper-containing activated carbon supported on a foam ceramic carrier 2, which is used for catalytic oxidation of hydrogen cyanide and alkaline gases containing cyanide. The chemical neutralization module 4 includes nano-magnesium oxide powder loaded on the foam ceramic carrier 2, which is used to irreversibly adsorb and neutralize acidic gases and carbon monoxide. The chelation adsorption module 5 includes an EDTA-Fe complex and a Fe3O4 composite material loaded on a foam ceramic carrier 2, which is used to chelate heavy metal ions and provide a broad-spectrum chemical adsorption function. After the airflow enters the airflow channel through the air inlet 101, it flows sequentially through the catalytic oxidation module 3, the chemical neutralization module 4, and the chelation adsorption module 5 for processing, and is then discharged through the air outlet 102.

[0026] This invention connects the catalytic oxidation module 3, the chemical neutralization module 4, and the chelation adsorption module 5 in series along the airflow direction to form a graded treatment process of "catalytic oxidation, chemical neutralization, and chelation adsorption". This process specifically removes cyanide-containing alkaline gases, acidic gases, carbon monoxide, heavy metal ions, and unknown polar toxic agents, filling the gap in traditional NBC protection systems for protection against low concentrations of highly toxic gases and heavy metals, and constructing a full-spectrum targeted defense network.

[0027] By employing a specific order of "catalytic oxidation module 3 placed at the beginning, chemical neutralization module 4 in the middle, and chelation adsorption module 5 placed at the end," an unexpected synergistic effect is produced: The catalytic oxidation module 3 pre-removes highly toxic cyanide-containing gases (such as HCN) that are small in molecules and diffuse rapidly, preventing them from competing with subsequent acidic gases for adsorption sites and avoiding catalyst poisoning. The chemical neutralization module 4 handles the highest concentration of acidic gas load, creating a mild chemical environment for the subsequent precision chelation adsorption module 5, preventing the chelation sites from being destroyed by acidic substances. More importantly, since the catalytic oxidation module 3 has preferentially removed cyanide-containing alkaline gases such as HCN, there is no HCN interference in the gas flow entering the chemical neutralization module 4. This allows the nano-magnesium oxide powder to specifically carry out acid-base neutralization reactions (such as MgO + SO2 → MgSO3) and CO chemical adsorption in a "clean" environment. This avoids HCN competing with acidic gases for adsorption sites or causing unpredictable side reactions, thus effectively preventing irreversible deactivation of the material in the chemical neutralization module 4, significantly extending its service life, and making its performance degradation curve more stable and predictable, providing a reliable basis for system maintenance and failure early warning. The chelation adsorption module 5 is placed at the rear as the last line of defense, capturing trace amounts of heavy metals and unknown toxic agents that have penetrated the first two stages, while preventing high concentrations of particulate matter from clogging its delicate chelation sites.

[0028] This configuration ensures that each module operates under optimal conditions, avoiding the "weakest link effect" caused by competitive adsorption. The pre-module prioritizes the consumption of high-concentration pollutants, significantly reducing the load on subsequent modules and extending the overall penetration time compared to traditional mixed loading methods, thus achieving a leap in efficiency.

[0029] In addition, the catalytic oxidation module 3 uses copper-containing activated carbon to catalytically oxidize highly toxic hydrogen cyanide into non-toxic substances; the chemical neutralization module 4 uses nano-magnesium oxide to react irreversibly with acidic gases to generate stable inorganic salts; and the chelation adsorption module 5 uses EDTA-Fe to form stable chelates with heavy metal ions. All three achieve irreversible fixation or harmless transformation of pollutants, fundamentally eliminating the risk of toxic agent desorption and release due to changes in temperature and pressure.

[0030] Finally, the functional material is loaded onto a foam ceramic carrier 2. Its three-dimensional interconnected open structure ensures high-efficiency purification while maintaining low airflow resistance, making it more suitable for the needs of large air volume and rapid air exchange, and reducing fan power consumption and thermal signal characteristics.

[0031] In one embodiment, the copper species in the copper-containing activated carbon are Cu 0 Cu + or Cu² + It exists in the form of a gas used to catalytically oxidize hydrogen cyanide into carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water at room temperature.

[0032] In this embodiment, multivalent copper species (Cu) are introduced. 0 / Cu + / Cu² +The copper-containing activated carbon can catalytically oxidize highly toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) into non-toxic carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water at room temperature without additional heating, reducing system energy consumption. Simultaneously, its wide active temperature range allows it to maintain stable catalytic performance in extremely cold or hot environments, improving the equipment's environmental adaptability. Unlike traditional physical adsorption that merely enriches HCN in pores, this embodiment achieves complete and harmless transformation of the toxic agent through the breaking and recombination of chemical bonds, fundamentally eliminating the risk of secondary desorption due to temperature increases, airflow changes, or adsorption saturation.

[0033] Specifically, copper species are Cu 0 Cu + Cu² + Multiple valence states coexist, forming a redox cycle system: Cu² + Cu acts as an active center to adsorb and activate HCN molecules; + Participates in electron transfer processes, promoting the oxidative breakage of cyano groups; Cu 0 It provides metal active sites to assist in the activation of oxygen molecules. The synergistic effect of multiple valence states significantly improves the catalytic oxidation rate and conversion efficiency of HCN, maintaining a high removal rate even under extreme conditions of low concentration and high flow rate.

[0034] In one embodiment, the catalytic oxidation module 3 is loaded onto the foam ceramic carrier 2 by the following method: Copper-containing activated carbon powder is mixed with a binder to form a slurry, which is then coated onto a foam ceramic carrier 2. After drying, the slurry is heated to 300-400°C at a rate of 2-5°C / min in an inert atmosphere and calcined for 2-4 hours to cure.

[0035] In this embodiment, the preparation method utilizes the synergistic effect of equal-volume impregnation and programmed temperature calcination to transform copper species into Cu. 0 / Cu + / Cu² + The multiple valence states are uniformly distributed within the activated carbon channels, forming stable catalytic active centers. The inert atmosphere protection prevents excessive oxidation of copper species and ablation of activated carbon channels, maintaining the material's high specific surface area and catalytic activity. Slow heating and an optimized calcination temperature window allow the binder to fully cure and form a stable coating, ensuring that the module does not detach under high wind speed impact for long-term use. At the same time, the process has a wide window and strong controllability, making it suitable for large-scale production. The resulting catalytic oxidation module has a uniform and smooth surface, which can effectively reduce airflow disturbance and prevent particulate matter pollution when connected in series with subsequent modules, laying a material foundation for the efficient and coordinated operation of the entire purification system.

[0036] In one embodiment, the nano-magnesium oxide powder has a particle size of 20-50 nm, and its surface alkaline sites are used to undergo an irreversible chemical neutralization reaction with acidic gases to generate inorganic salts.

[0037] In this embodiment, the nano-magnesium oxide within this particle size range has an extremely high specific surface area, exposing a large number of surface alkaline sites, giving it excellent chemical adsorption capacity for acidic gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Unlike traditional activated carbon that relies on physical adsorption, nano-magnesium oxide undergoes an irreversible chemical reaction with acidic gases to generate stable inorganic salts such as magnesium sulfate and magnesium nitrate, which are fixed on the carrier, fundamentally eliminating the risk of desorption and release of toxic agents due to temperature rise or airflow changes. This stoichiometric reaction mechanism makes its theoretical adsorption capacity for acidic gases much higher than that of physical adsorption materials, and the reaction products are stable and do not participate in subsequent side reactions. In addition, the particle size of 20-50 nm ensures that the material is uniformly dispersed on the foam ceramic carrier 2, which not only avoids the loss of active sites caused by nanoparticle agglomeration, but also ensures the structural stability of the coating under high-speed airflow, creating a nearly neutral clean airflow environment for the subsequent chelation adsorption module 5.

[0038] In one embodiment, the chemical neutralization module 4 is loaded onto the foam ceramic carrier 2 by the following method: A slurry was prepared by mixing 20-50 nm nano-magnesium oxide powder with a binder, and the slurry was uniformly loaded onto the foam ceramic carrier 2 by dip-coating method. Air dry at room temperature for 2 hours, then dry at 60-80°C for 4 hours; Then, in an air atmosphere, heat to 150°C at 1°C / min and hold for 1 hour, then heat to 450-550°C at 2°C / min and calcine for 3-5 hours to solidify.

[0039] In this embodiment, the preparation method uses an impregnation-coating method to uniformly coat the surface of the three-dimensional interconnected framework of foam ceramic with nano-magnesium oxide slurry, avoiding particle agglomeration and local accumulation. The multi-stage drying process (room temperature air drying + low temperature drying) effectively prevents the coating from cracking and peeling due to rapid evaporation of moisture. The slow segmented heating and optimized calcination temperature window (450-550°C) allow the binder to fully decompose or crosslink to form a stable framework, while ensuring that the crystal form and alkaline sites of nano-magnesium oxide are completely preserved, avoiding the decrease in specific surface area caused by high-temperature sintering. The calcination process in an air atmosphere allows the organic matter in the binder to be fully oxidized and removed, forming a pure nano-magnesium oxide coating with its surface alkaline sites fully exposed, maximizing the chemical adsorption capacity for acidic gases. The resulting chemical neutralization module 4 coating is uniform, has strong adhesion, and high active site density. It does not peel off even after long-term use under high-speed airflow, and can efficiently and irreversibly capture acidic gases and generate stable inorganic salts, providing a nearly neutral clean airflow environment for the subsequent chelation adsorption module 5.

[0040] In one embodiment, in the chelation adsorption module 5, the iron oxide is loaded on the surface and pores of the foam ceramic carrier 2, and the EDTA-Fe complex is loaded on the surface of the iron oxide, forming a hierarchical composite structure.

[0041] In this embodiment, the hierarchical composite structure uses iron oxide (Fe3O4) as a magnetic nano-secondary carrier, uniformly dispersed on the surface and within the pores of the three-dimensional interconnected framework of the foam ceramic, greatly increasing the specific surface area and the exposure of active sites. The EDTA-Fe complex is further loaded onto the surface of the iron oxide, preventing it from being destroyed by direct contact with acidic substances in the foam ceramic or airflow. Simultaneously, the surface hydroxyl groups and ferro-oxygen vacancies of the iron oxide enable the anchoring and dispersion of EDTA-Fe, preventing the chelating agent from agglomerating and becoming inactive. Iron oxide itself, as a broad-spectrum chemical adsorbent, is effective against arsenides, organophosphorus compounds, and unknown substances. Polar toxic agents possess non-specific adsorption capabilities, forming a dual protection mechanism of "broad-spectrum backup + precise capture" with the specific chelation function of EDTA-Fe. This structure also utilizes the magnetic properties of iron(III) oxide, allowing for recovery or saturation detection with the assistance of an external magnetic field during use, providing a physical basis for intelligent monitoring. Ultimately, this hierarchical composite structure enables the chelation adsorption module 5 to maintain high chelation activity during long-term use, achieving irreversible fixation even against trace heavy metals and unknown toxic agents that have penetrated the first two stages. As the final chemical defense line of the entire purification system, it significantly enhances protection redundancy and safety.

[0042] In one embodiment, the chelation adsorption module 5 is loaded onto the foam ceramic carrier 2 by the following method: Nano-iron oxide powder and binder are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, ultrasonically dispersed to form a slurry, coated on foam ceramic carrier 2, dried at 60°C for 4 hours, and then heat-treated at 250°C for 1 hour under nitrogen protection, so that iron oxide is loaded on the surface and pores of foam ceramic carrier 2. The foam ceramic carrier 2 loaded with iron oxide was immersed in the EDTA-Fe complex solution and immersed at room temperature for 2-4 hours to load the EDTA-Fe complex onto the iron oxide surface. After removal, slowly dry at 60-80°C for 6-8 hours; The complex is fixed in situ by heat treatment at 120-150°C for 2 hours under nitrogen or vacuum.

[0043] In this embodiment, a secondary carrier layer is first constructed using iron oxide (Fe3O4). Its nanoscale and magnetic properties allow it to be uniformly dispersed and firmly anchored on the surface of the foam ceramic framework, while retaining abundant surface hydroxyl groups and ferro-oxygen vacancies as active sites for subsequent chelating agent loading. During the subsequent EDTA-Fe impregnation process, the coordination sites provided by the iron oxide surface allow for uniform dispersion and loading of EDTA-Fe, preventing the chelating agent from being directly exposed to the foam ceramic or airflow and thus destroyed. The mild conditions of slow drying and low-temperature inert heat treatment (120-150°C) ensure the complete preservation of the EDTA molecular structure and its chelating activity, preventing high-temperature decomposition. A nitrogen or vacuum environment prevents Fe²⁺ from being damaged. + / Fe³ + During heat treatment, it is over-oxidized, maintaining the magnetic properties and broad-spectrum adsorption performance of iron oxide. The resulting hierarchical composite structure combines the broad-spectrum chemical adsorption capacity of iron oxide with the specific chelating function of EDTA-Fe. Moreover, the coating has strong adhesion and high density of active sites. In long-term use, it can stably capture trace heavy metals and unknown polar toxic agents that penetrate the first two stages, serving as the last line of defense in the entire purification system to achieve irreversible fixation, significantly improving the redundancy and safety of protection.

[0044] In one embodiment, the foam ceramic carrier 2 is an alumina foam ceramic material; the alumina foam ceramic material has excellent thermal stability, chemical inertness and mechanical strength, and does not deteriorate after long-term use in complex environments with high humidity and alternating acid and alkali, and its three-dimensional interconnected open structure ensures low airflow resistance and high load capacity.

[0045] The foam ceramic carrier 2 comprises three independent foam ceramic blocks, each respectively loading the catalytic oxidation module 3, the chemical neutralization module 4, and the chelation adsorption module 5. Dividing a single long carrier into three independent blocks, each loading different functional materials, avoids the migration, contamination, or side reactions of active substances with different chemical properties during preparation or use, ensuring the chemical purity and independent function of each module. Furthermore, the three independent blocks, each loading a catalytic oxidation, chemical neutralization, and chelation adsorption material, allow for individual optimization of the preparation process (such as calcination temperature and atmosphere requirements) based on the functional characteristics of each module, avoiding performance compromises due to incompatible process conditions. Simultaneously, the independent modules facilitate production, testing, storage, and on-site replacement. When a module reaches the end of its service life, it can be replaced individually without discarding the entire carrier, significantly reducing usage costs and logistical burden.

[0046] A perforated metal partition 10 is placed between two adjacent foam ceramic blocks to separate the modules and evenly distribute the airflow. The perforated metal partition 10 between adjacent modules serves two purposes: firstly, it physically separates the three modules, preventing material detachment and mixing between modules or short-circuiting / bypassing of airflow; secondly, the perforated structure rectifyes and redistributes the airflow, ensuring that the airflow passing through the previous module is redistributed evenly before entering the next module. This eliminates velocity differences caused by uneven coating or local blockages, ensuring that the active material in each module can fully contact the airflow, maximizing its adsorption / catalytic capacity. This uniform airflow distribution is particularly important after prolonged use, preventing premature failure due to localized penetration.

[0047] The present invention also provides an air purification system, comprising: The air purification device described above is arranged in the main air duct 6 of the system, and the main air duct 6 is provided with an inlet 601 for air intake. A high-efficiency particulate filter 7 is disposed upstream of the air purification device to intercept particulate matter; The main activated carbon filter canister 8 is located downstream of the air purification device and is used to adsorb nerve agents, vesicants, and radioactive iodine. At least one sensor is installed at the inlet and outlet of the air purification device for real-time monitoring of airflow parameters; Control system 12, connected to the sensor, is used to receive monitoring data and control the operation of the air purification system; The airflow passes sequentially through the high-efficiency particulate filter 7, the air purification device, and the main activated carbon filter canister 8 before entering the air purification target area 602.

[0048] This air purification system organically integrates the targeted air purification device of this invention with the core components of existing tri-proof systems (high-efficiency particulate filter 7 and main activated carbon filter canister 8), forming a three-stage series treatment process of "pre-filtration, targeted purification, and general adsorption": the high-efficiency particulate filter 7 intercepts particulate matter such as sand and aerosols at the front, protecting the subsequent modules from physical blockage; the air purification device is in the middle, using its three-stage modules of catalytic oxidation, chemical neutralization, and chelate adsorption to specifically remove hydrogen cyanide, acidic gases, heavy metals, and unknown toxins, which are weakly protected by traditional carbon materials, thus reducing the burden on the main activated carbon filter canister 8; the main activated carbon filter canister 8 is placed at the rear, specifically adsorbing nerve agents, vesicants, and radioactive iodine in a near-clean airflow environment, as designed. The system effectively utilizes the designed capacity of the target material, significantly extending the overall penetration time. The intelligent monitoring unit, composed of sensors and control system 12, collects parameters such as pressure drop, temperature, and humidity at the inlet and outlet of each module in real time and transmits them to control system 12 via CAN bus. When the monitored data exceeds the preset threshold, a module-level failure warning is triggered, realizing the transformation from passive replacement to on-demand maintenance, thus improving the system's safety, reliability, and battlefield adaptability. The modular layout of this system is compatible with the existing NBC protection system's air duct, allowing for performance upgrades without significant modifications to existing equipment. At the same time, the pre-targeted purification reduces the load on the main activated carbon filter canister 8, which can appropriately reduce its volume or extend its replacement cycle, thus having a positive impact on reducing the vehicle's power consumption, thermal signal characteristics, and logistical burden.

[0049] In one embodiment, a positive pressure maintenance system is also included, the positive pressure maintenance system comprising: Fan 9 is located downstream of the main activated carbon filter canister 8 and is used to deliver purified air into the air purification target area 602. A bar pressure sensor is installed in the air purification target area 602 to monitor the air pressure in the space in real time. The control system 12 is connected to the fan 9 and the air pressure sensor respectively, and is used to adjust the fan speed according to the air pressure in the air purification target area 602, so that the air purification target area 602 is maintained at a positive pressure relative to the external environment. The airflow passes sequentially through the high-efficiency particulate filter 7, the air purification device, and the main activated carbon filter canister 8, and is then sent into the air purification target area 602 by the fan. Under positive pressure, it prevents unpurified external air from seeping into the air purification target area 602 through gaps.

[0050] In this embodiment, the positive pressure maintenance system, by placing the fan 9 downstream of the main activated carbon filter canister 8, draws in clean air that has undergone multiple stages of purification and delivers it to the air purification target area 602, avoiding the risk of unpurified air being directly forced into the space due to the fan 9 being positioned in front. A pressure sensor monitors the pressure changes within the air purification target area 602 in real time, and the control system 12 dynamically adjusts the fan 9 speed based on the monitoring data. It automatically adjusts the airflow volume when the space's airtightness changes or external wind pressure fluctuates, ensuring that the space always maintains a stable positive pressure state (e.g., 0.2%-2% atmospheric pressure). This closed-loop control mechanism prevents energy waste and structural damage caused by overpressure and eliminates the risk of underpressure. This prevents external contamination from seeping in. The positive pressure maintenance system seamlessly integrates with the aforementioned three-stage purification device, which features high-efficiency particulate filtration, targeted purification, and universal adsorption, forming a complete integrated solution for purification, air supply, and positive pressure protection. It can be widely used in various scenarios requiring a clean positive pressure environment, including vehicles, mobile cabins, command posts, hospital isolation wards, and industrial clean rooms. The positive pressure parameters can be flexibly set according to different scenario requirements. Compared to traditional positive pressure systems that rely solely on the constant speed operation of the fan 9, this embodiment achieves on-demand air supply and precise pressure stabilization through sensor feedback and intelligent control, significantly reducing system power consumption and thermal signal characteristics, extending the lifespan of the fan 9, and improving overall energy efficiency and battlefield concealment.

[0051] In one embodiment, the air purification system further includes a return air duct 603 and a toxic gas sensor 11. One end of the return air duct 603 is connected to the air purification target area 602, and the other end is connected to the outlet of the air purification device (i.e., between the outlet of the air purification device and the inlet of the main activated carbon filter canister 8), used to draw a portion of the air in the air purification target area 602 back to the main activated carbon filter canister 8 for circulation purification. The toxic gas sensor 11 is disposed between the inlet of the main activated carbon filter canister 8 and the outlet of the air purification system, preferably installed on the return air duct 603 or at the inlet of the main activated carbon filter canister 8, used to monitor the concentration of toxic gases in the return air of the target area or the airflow about to enter the main activated carbon filter canister 8 in real time. The toxic gas sensor 11 is connected to the control system 12, and the control system 12 controls the operation mode of the entire system based on its monitoring data.

[0052] The above description is merely an embodiment and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations, modifications, or alterations to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air purification device, characterized in that, include: The housing (1) is provided with an air inlet (101) and an air outlet (102) and forms an airflow channel; A foam ceramic carrier (2) is disposed within the airflow channel; Three purification modules connected in series, namely a catalytic oxidation module (3), a chemical neutralization module (4), and a chelation adsorption module (5), are arranged sequentially on the foam ceramic carrier (2) along the airflow direction; in, The catalytic oxidation module (3) includes copper-containing activated carbon supported on a foam ceramic carrier (2) for catalytic oxidation of hydrogen cyanide and cyanide-containing alkaline gases; The chemical neutralization module (4) includes nano-magnesium oxide powder loaded on a foam ceramic carrier (2) for irreversibly adsorbing and neutralizing acidic gases and carbon monoxide; The chelation adsorption module (5) includes an EDTA-Fe complex and a Fe3O4 composite material loaded on a foam ceramic carrier (2) for chelating heavy metal ions and providing a broad-spectrum chemical adsorption function. After the airflow enters the airflow channel through the air inlet (101), it flows through the catalytic oxidation module (3), the chemical neutralization module (4) and the chelation adsorption module (5) in sequence, and is then discharged through the air outlet (102).

2. The air purification device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The copper species in the copper-containing activated carbon are Cu 0 Cu + or Cu² + It exists in the form of a gas used to catalytically oxidize hydrogen cyanide into carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water at room temperature.

3. The air purification device as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The catalytic oxidation module (3) is loaded onto the foam ceramic carrier (2) by the following method: Copper-containing activated carbon powder is mixed with adhesive to form a slurry, which is then coated onto a foam ceramic carrier (2). After drying, the slurry is heated to 300-400°C in an inert atmosphere at a heating rate of 2-5°C / min and calcined for 2-4 hours to cure.

4. The air purification device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The nano-magnesium oxide powder has a particle size of 20-50 nm, and its surface alkaline sites are used to undergo an irreversible chemical neutralization reaction with acidic gases to generate inorganic salts.

5. The air purification device as described in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The chemical neutralization module (4) is loaded onto the foam ceramic carrier (2) by the following method: Nano-sized magnesium oxide powder with a particle size of 20-50 nm was mixed with a binder to form a slurry, and the slurry was uniformly loaded onto a foam ceramic carrier (2) using the dip-coating method. Air dry at room temperature for 2 hours, then dry at 60-80°C for 4 hours; Then, in an air atmosphere, heat to 150°C at 1°C / min and hold for 1 hour, then heat to 450-550°C at 2°C / min and calcine for 3-5 hours to solidify.

6. The air purification device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In the chelation adsorption module (5), the iron oxide is loaded on the surface and pores of the foam ceramic carrier (2), and the EDTA-Fe complex is loaded on the surface of the iron oxide to form a hierarchical composite structure.

7. The air purification device as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The chelation adsorption module (5) is loaded onto the foam ceramic carrier (2) by the following method: Nano-iron oxide powder and binder are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1.5, ultrasonically dispersed to form a slurry, coated on a foam ceramic carrier (2), dried at 60°C for 4 hours, and then heat-treated at 250°C for 1 hour under nitrogen protection, so that iron oxide is loaded on the surface and pores of the foam ceramic carrier (2). The foam ceramic carrier (2) loaded with iron oxide was immersed in the EDTA-Fe complex solution and soaked at room temperature for 2-4 hours to load the EDTA-Fe complex onto the surface of iron oxide. After removal, slowly dry at 60-80°C for 6-8 hours; The complex is fixed in situ by heat treatment at 120-150°C for 2 hours under nitrogen or vacuum.

8. The air purification device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The foam ceramic carrier (2) is an alumina foam ceramic material; The foam ceramic carrier (2) includes three independent foam ceramic blocks, which respectively support the catalytic oxidation module (3), the chemical neutralization module (4) and the chelation adsorption module (5). A perforated metal partition (10) is provided between two adjacent foam ceramic blocks to separate the modules and distribute the airflow evenly.

9. An air purification system, characterized in that, include: The air purification device as described in any one of claims 1-8 is arranged in the main air duct (6) of the system; A high-efficiency particulate filter (7) is disposed upstream of the air purification device to intercept particulate matter; The main activated carbon filter canister (8) is located downstream of the air purification device and is used to adsorb nerve agents, vesicants and radioactive iodine; At least one sensor is installed at the inlet and outlet of the air purification device for real-time monitoring of airflow parameters; The control system (12) is connected to the sensor and is used to receive monitoring data and control the operation of the air purification system; After the airflow passes through the high-efficiency particulate filter (7), the air purification device and the main activated carbon filter canister (8) in sequence, it enters the air purification target area (602).

10. The air purification system as described in claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a positive pressure maintenance system, which comprises: A fan (9) is located downstream of the main activated carbon filter canister (8) and is used to deliver the purified air into the air purification target area (602). A pressure sensor is installed in the air purification target area (602) to monitor the air pressure in the space in real time; The control system (12) is connected to the fan (9) and the air pressure sensor respectively, and is used to adjust the speed of the fan (9) according to the air pressure in the air purification target area (602) so that the air purification target area (602) is maintained at a positive pressure relative to the external environment. After the airflow passes through the high-efficiency particulate filter (7), the air purification device and the main activated carbon filter canister (8) in sequence, it is sent into the air purification target area (602) by the fan (9). Under the action of positive pressure, it prevents the external unpurified air from seeping into the air purification target area (602) through the gap.

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