Special-shaped column joint connecting structure for fabricated building

Abstract

The special-shaped column joint connecting structure comprises a special-shaped column, a cross beam and an L-shaped reinforcing plate, the cross beam is fixed to the surface of the special-shaped column through the L-shaped reinforcing plate, a reinforcing plate is fixedly connected to the L-shaped reinforcing plate, and nuts are fixedly welded to the left side and the right side of the upper end and the lower end of the inner wall of the cross beam and the upper side and the lower side of the surface of the special-shaped column. And self-locking ring mechanisms are fixed to the left side and the right side of the L-shaped reinforcing plate correspondingly, the self-locking ring mechanisms are movably connected with connecting ring mechanisms in a sleeving mode, and the self-locking ring mechanisms allow the connecting ring mechanisms to rotate in one direction and be locked. The self-locking ring mechanism is matched with a ratchet wheel and a pawl of the connecting ring mechanism, a one-way rotating locking mechanism is constructed, the mechanism allows the connecting ring mechanism to freely rotate in the bolt fastening direction when the connecting ring mechanism is installed, and once the connecting ring mechanism tends to rotate in the reverse direction (the loosening direction), the pawl can be immediately clamped into a tooth groove of the inner ratchet wheel, rigid mechanical interference is formed, loosening is actively prevented, and the locking effect is achieved. And the problem of bolt rotation caused by vibration is fundamentally solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of prefabricated building technology, specifically to a non-standard column node connection structure for prefabricated buildings. Background Technology

[0002] In prefabricated buildings, beam-column joints are key components to ensure the integrity, stability, and seismic performance of the structure. For irregularly shaped columns (such as L-shaped, T-shaped, and cross-shaped sections), their cross-sections are asymmetrical and stress distribution is complex, making the connection in the joint area weaker and requiring higher reliability of the connection structure. Currently, the common method is to use high-strength bolts in conjunction with connecting plates (such as L-shaped plates and node plates) for on-site assembly and connection.

[0003] However, in long-term use, traditional bolted connections may experience a decrease in bolt preload under continuous vibration, impact, or alternating loads generated by wind loads, earthquakes, or equipment operation. This can lead to slight slippage at the connection interface. If left unchecked, this slippage will gradually develop, eventually causing the bolts to loosen, severely weakening the load-bearing capacity and stiffness of the joint and posing a safety hazard. To address this issue, some construction methods employ complex internal linkage mechanisms to mechanically lock adjacent bolts after tightening, while simultaneously injecting structural adhesive. While this approach offers some anti-loosening effect, the structure is overly complex, involving numerous built-in sliding plates, locking rods, locking rods, and sealing plates. Moreover, the assembly process is cumbersome, requiring precise coordination across multiple steps, including pre-installation, final tightening, driving the positioning rod, and adhesive injection. This places high demands on the technical skills of on-site construction personnel. Furthermore, both traditional bolted connections and existing improved anti-loosening structures rely on passive anti-loosening mechanisms, meaning that loosening is only detected during regular maintenance after it has reached a certain level. There is no early warning for early micro-slippage, leading to delayed maintenance and potential safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a non-standard column node connection structure for prefabricated buildings to solve the problems existing in the background art.

[0005] A prefabricated building irregular column node connection structure includes an irregular column, a beam, and an L-shaped reinforcing plate. The beam is fixed to the surface of the irregular column by the L-shaped reinforcing plate. A reinforcing plate is fixedly connected to the L-shaped reinforcing plate. Nuts are welded and fixed to the upper and lower ends and the left and right sides of the inner wall of the beam and the upper and lower sides of the irregular column surface. Self-locking ring mechanisms are fixed to the left and right sides of the L-shaped reinforcing plate. A connecting ring mechanism is movably sleeved on the self-locking ring mechanism, and the self-locking ring mechanism allows the connecting ring mechanism to rotate unidirectionally and lock. A bolt is inserted through the center of the self-locking ring mechanism. The bolt passes through the L-shaped reinforcing plate and is threaded to the nut. A connecting plate is fixed to the outer side of the head of the bolt. The protruding part of the connecting ring mechanism is inserted through the connecting plate. A magnetic grating sensing mechanism is installed between the self-locking ring mechanism and the connecting ring mechanism. The magnetic grating sensing mechanism includes an annular magnetic grating and a magnetic head assembly. The magnetic head assembly is spaced apart from the annular magnetic grating.

[0006] Preferably, the self-locking ring mechanism includes an I-shaped ring, a shaft, a pawl, and a spring. The I-shaped ring is fixed to an L-shaped reinforcing plate, and the I-shaped ring has a through-hole in its center. The bolt is inserted into the through-hole.

[0007] Preferably, the shaft is fixed inside one side of the I-shaped ring, the pawl is movably sleeved on the outside of the shaft, the upper end of the pawl is in contact with the upper end of the inside of the I-shaped ring, and the spring is connected between the inner end of the pawl and the inner wall of the I-shaped ring.

[0008] Preferably, the connecting ring mechanism includes a connecting ring, a connecting rod, and an inner ratchet. The connecting ring is movably sleeved on the outside of the I-shaped ring, the height of the connecting ring matches the height of the I-shaped ring, and the lower end of the connecting ring is in close contact with the surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate.

[0009] Preferably, a connecting rod is fixed to one side of the upper end of the connecting ring, and an insertion hole is opened on the surface of the connecting plate, with the connecting rod interlocking with the insertion hole.

[0010] Preferably, the inner ratchet is fixed to the upper side of the inner wall of the connecting ring, the upper end of the inner ratchet is in close contact with the upper end of the inner side of the I-shaped ring, and the pawl is connected to the inner ratchet.

[0011] Preferably, the annular magnetic grid is fixed to the lower end of the inner ratchet, and there is a space between the lower end of the annular magnetic grid and the lower end of the inner part of the I-shaped ring. The magnetic head assembly is fixed to the lower end of the inner part of the I-shaped ring. The magnetic head assembly includes a detection circuit board and a magnetic head embedded in the detection circuit board. The magnetic head is disposed close to the annular magnetic grid.

[0012] Preferably, the number of self-locking ring mechanisms on the L-shaped reinforcing plate is four sets on each side, and the nuts on the irregularly shaped column are embedded in the surface of the irregularly shaped column.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting ring is a synchronous pulley, and a synchronous belt connects adjacent synchronous pulleys on the same straight line.

[0014] Preferably, an electromagnet is embedded and fixed at the upper end of the pawl, and an iron plate is embedded and fixed at the upper end of the I-shaped ring directly above the electromagnet. The magnetic head is connected to the electromagnet through a detection circuit board.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention constructs a one-way rotation locking mechanism by cooperating the self-locking ring mechanism with the ratchet and pawl of the connecting ring mechanism. This mechanism allows the connecting ring mechanism to rotate freely in the bolt tightening direction during installation. However, once there is a tendency to rotate in the opposite direction (loosening direction), the pawl will immediately engage with the inner ratchet tooth groove, forming rigid mechanical interference and actively preventing loosening, thus fundamentally solving the bolt rotation problem caused by vibration. 2. The self-locking ring mechanism and the connecting ring mechanism of this invention not only prevent loosening, but also integrate a displacement sensing system composed of a ring magnetic grating and a magnetic head assembly. Any tiny relative angular displacement between the connecting ring mechanism and the self-locking ring mechanism caused by potential loosening will be captured in real time by the high-precision magnetic grating encoder and converted into an electrical signal, realizing online, remote, and quantitative monitoring of the entire node connection status, providing key data support for structural health diagnosis and preventive maintenance. 3. The present invention sets an electromagnet at the pawl and forms an enhanced locking unit with the iron plate of the fixed part. When the sensing system detects abnormal micro-movement, it can trigger the electromagnet to generate attraction force, so that the pawl and the iron plate are tightly attracted. Thus, on the basis of the original mechanical self-locking, an additional electromagnetic enhanced locking force is provided. This forms an active control closed loop of abnormal perception - intelligent response - enhanced locking, which further improves the anti-loosening ability and overall reliability of the connection structure under extreme or continuous dynamic loads. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of part A; Figure 3 This is a top cross-sectional view of the self-locking ring mechanism and the connecting ring mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top cross-sectional view of the self-locking ring mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a bottom-view cross-sectional view of the I-shaped ring of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the self-locking ring mechanism and the connecting ring mechanism of the present invention disassembled; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall situation in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1-Irregular column, 2-Crossbeam, 3-L-shaped reinforcing plate, 4-Strengthening plate, 5-Nut, 6-Bolt, 7-Connecting plate, 71-Socket, 8-Self-locking ring mechanism, 81-I-shaped ring, 82-Pass through, 83-Shaft, 84-Pawl, 85-Spring, 86-Magnetic head assembly, 87-Electromagnet, 88-Iron sheet, 9-Connecting ring mechanism, 91-Connecting ring, 92-Connecting rod, 93-Inner ratchet, 94-Annular magnetic grid, 95-Synchronous belt. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-6 A prefabricated building irregular column node connection structure includes an irregular column 1, a beam 2, and an L-shaped reinforcing plate 3. The beam 2 is fixed to the surface of the irregular column 1 by the L-shaped reinforcing plate 3. A reinforcing plate 4 is fixedly connected to the L-shaped reinforcing plate 3. Nuts 5 are welded and fixed to the upper and lower ends and the left and right sides of the inner wall of the beam 2 and the upper and lower sides of the surface of the irregular column 1. The nuts 5 on the irregular column 1 are embedded in the surface of the irregular column 1. Self-locking ring mechanisms 8 are fixed to the left and right sides of the L-shaped reinforcing plate 3. There are four sets of self-locking ring mechanisms 8 on each side of the L-shaped reinforcing plate 3. The self-locking ring mechanisms 8 are movably sleeved with connecting ring mechanisms 9, and the self-locking ring mechanisms 8 allow the connecting ring mechanisms 9 to rotate unidirectionally and lock. The self-locking ring mechanisms 8 are centrally interposed. There is a bolt 6, which passes through the L-shaped reinforcing plate 3 and is threadedly connected to the nut 5. A connecting plate 7 is fixed to the outside of the head of the bolt 6. The protruding part of the connecting ring mechanism 9 is interposed with the connecting plate 7. The irregular column 1 and the crossbeam 2 serve as the main structure. The bolt 6 and the pre-embedded nut 5 are used to achieve initial fastening, which is the basis for the structure to bear the force. The L-shaped reinforcing plate 3 is the key force transmission conversion component. After the above traditional fastening is completed, an additional, modular self-locking and linkage system (self-locking ring mechanism 8 and connecting ring mechanism 9) is used to provide active anti-loosening and status monitoring functions. The connecting plate 7 serves as the interface between the bolt 6 and the linkage system, which couples the two and realizes the function of moving from passive fastening to active locking and monitoring.

[0019] The self-locking ring mechanism 8 includes an I-shaped ring 81, a shaft 83, a pawl 84, and a spring 85. The I-shaped ring 81 is fixed to the L-shaped reinforcing plate 3. The I-shaped ring 81 has a through-hole 82 in the center. The bolt 6 is inserted through the through-hole 82. The shaft 83 is fixed inside the I-shaped ring 81 on one side. The pawl 84 is movably sleeved on the outside of the shaft 83. The spring 85 connects the inner end of the pawl 84 to the inner wall of the I-shaped ring 81. The I-shaped ring 81 is a fixed reference. Under the action of the spring 85, the tip of the pawl 84 always tends to swing outward from the center. The through-hole 82 is used to facilitate the bolt 6 to pass through and achieve initial tightening with the nut 5.

[0020] The connecting ring mechanism 9 includes a connecting ring 91, a connecting rod 92, and an inner ratchet 93. The connecting ring 91 is movably sleeved on the outside of the I-shaped ring 81, and the height of the connecting ring 91 matches the height of the I-shaped ring 81. The connecting rod 92 is fixed to one side of the upper end of the connecting ring 91. The surface of the connecting plate 7 has an insertion hole 71, and the connecting rod 92 is inserted into the insertion hole 71. The inner ratchet 93 is fixed to the upper side of the inner wall of the connecting ring 91, and the pawl 84 is connected to the inner ratchet 93. The connecting ring 91 can rotate outside the I-shaped ring 81, but because the lower end of the connecting ring 91 is in close contact with the surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate 3, and the upper end of the inner ratchet 93 is in close contact with the upper end of the inside of the I-shaped ring 81, the connecting ring 91 cannot move up and down. Thus, when the bolt 6 passes through... When passing through the through-hole 82, align the connecting rod 92 with the insertion hole 71 of the connecting plate 7 and insert it. Then rotate the bolt 6. The bolt 6 will drive the connecting plate 7 to rotate. The connecting plate 7 will then drive the connecting ring 91 to rotate through the connecting rod 92. When the inner ratchet 93, which cooperates with the pawl 84, rotates in the bolt tightening direction (set to clockwise), the inclined surface of its teeth will press against the tip of the pawl 84, causing it to overcome the force of the spring 85 and swing inward and slide through the tooth groove. This process is unobstructed. Conversely, when the inner ratchet 93 has a tendency to rotate in the opposite direction (counterclockwise, i.e., the loosening direction), the other side of the pawl 84 will immediately abut against the back of the teeth of the inner ratchet 93, forming a hard jam. This provides an immediate and passive mechanical response for preventing loosening.

[0021] A magnetic grating sensing mechanism is installed between the self-locking ring mechanism 8 and the connecting ring mechanism 9. The magnetic grating sensing mechanism includes an annular magnetic grating 94 and a magnetic head assembly 86. The magnetic head assembly 86 and the annular magnetic grating 94 are spaced apart. The annular magnetic grating 94 is fixed to the lower end of the inner ratchet 93. The magnetic head assembly 86 is fixedly installed inside the lower end of the I-shaped ring 81. The magnetic head assembly 86 includes a detection circuit board and a magnetic head embedded in the detection circuit board. The magnetic head and the annular magnetic grating 94 are closely positioned. The annular magnetic grating 94 rotates synchronously with the inner ratchet 93. Because there is a space between the lower end of the annular magnetic grating 94 and the lower end of the I-shaped ring 81, the magnetic head assembly 86 can be positioned below the annular magnetic grating 94. The fixed magnetic head assembly 86 reads the magnetic grating signal in a non-contact manner. Under ideal locking conditions, there should be no relative displacement between the connecting ring 91 and the I-shaped ring 81, and the magnetic head reads a fixed phase signal. Once an abnormality occurs (such as a decrease in preload causing the connecting ring to be dragged), the two will produce a slight relative angular displacement, and the relative position of the magnetic grating and the magnetic head will change, resulting in a change in the phase of the read magnetic signal. The detection circuit board converts this phase difference into a digital angle signal or a pulse signal. This signal can be uploaded to the monitoring system through the built-in line (which can pass through one side of the L-shaped reinforcing plate 3 from the lower end of the I-shaped ring 81) to realize the quantification of loosening displacement, real-time monitoring, and over-limit alarm.

[0022] An electromagnet 87 is embedded and fixed at the upper end of the pawl 84. An iron plate 88 is embedded and fixed inside the upper end of the I-shaped ring 81 directly above the electromagnet 87. The magnetic head is connected to the electromagnet 87 through a detection circuit board. The setting of the electromagnet 87 can change the relative position of the magnetic grid and the magnetic head, resulting in a change in the phase of the read magnetic signal. When the detection circuit board converts this phase difference into a digital angle signal or a pulse signal, the detection circuit board controls the electromagnet 87 to be powered by an external power source. In this way, the electromagnet 87 generates magnetism and attracts the iron plate 88. Thus, the pawl 84 and the inner ratchet 93 are engaged by the elastic force of the spring 85, and the pawl 84 is limited by the magnetism generated by the electromagnet 87 attracting the iron plate 88. This improves the stability of the self-locking engagement between the pawl 84 and the inner ratchet 93.

[0023] Example 2, please refer to Figure 7 The connecting ring 91 is a synchronous pulley, and a synchronous belt 95 connects adjacent synchronous pulleys on the same straight line. When the connecting ring 91 is designed as a synchronous pulley, and the synchronous belt 95 connects two synchronous pulleys on the same straight line, when one bolt 6 rotates, the synchronous belt 95 and the synchronous pulley are driven by gear meshing, and the other bolt 6 is driven to rotate synchronously through the cooperation of the connecting rod 92 and the connecting plate 7. This makes the linkage of bolts 6 in the same row no longer logical, but physically forced to synchronize, reducing the installation time of bolts 6 and greatly improving the coordination and reliability of anti-loosening.

Claims

1. A prefabricated building irregular column node connection structure, comprising an irregular column (1), a beam (2), and an L-shaped reinforcing plate (3), wherein the beam (2) is fixed to the surface of the irregular column (1) by the L-shaped reinforcing plate (3), and a reinforcing plate (4) is fixedly connected to the L-shaped reinforcing plate (3), characterized in that, Nuts (5) are welded and fixed on both the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the crossbeam (2) and on both the upper and lower sides of the surface of the irregular column (1). Self-locking ring mechanisms (8) are fixed on both the left and right sides of the L-shaped reinforcing plate (3). The self-locking ring mechanism (8) is movably sleeved with a connecting ring mechanism (9). The self-locking ring mechanism (8) allows the connecting ring mechanism (9) to rotate in one direction and lock. A bolt (6) is inserted through the center of the self-locking ring mechanism (8). The bolt (6) passes through the L-shaped reinforcing plate (3) and is threadedly connected to the nut (5). A connecting plate (7) is fixed on the outer side of the head of the bolt (6). The protruding part of the connecting ring mechanism (9) is inserted through the connecting plate (7). A magnetic grating sensing mechanism is installed between the self-locking ring mechanism (8) and the connecting ring mechanism (9). The magnetic grating sensing mechanism includes an annular magnetic grating (94) and a magnetic head assembly (86). The magnetic head assembly (86) and the annular magnetic grating (94) are spaced together.

2. The irregular column node connection structure for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-locking ring mechanism (8) includes an I-shaped ring (81), a shaft (83), a pawl (84), and a spring (85). The I-shaped ring (81) is fixed to the L-shaped reinforcing plate (3). The I-shaped ring (81) has a through-hole (82) in the center. The bolt (6) is inserted into the through-hole (82).

3. The irregular column node connection structure for prefabricated buildings according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shaft (83) is fixed inside one side of the I-shaped ring (81), the pawl (84) is movably sleeved on the outside of the shaft (83), the upper end of the pawl (84) is in contact with the upper end of the inside of the I-shaped ring (81), and the spring (85) is connected between the inner end of the pawl (84) and the inner wall of the I-shaped ring (81).

4. The irregular column node connection structure for prefabricated buildings according to claim 3, characterized in that: The connecting ring mechanism (9) includes a connecting ring (91), a connecting rod (92) and an inner ratchet (93). The connecting ring (91) is movably sleeved on the outside of the I-shaped ring (81). The height of the connecting ring (91) matches the height of the I-shaped ring (81). The lower end of the connecting ring (91) is in close contact with the surface of the L-shaped reinforcing plate (3).

5. The irregular column node connection structure for prefabricated buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that: A connecting rod (92) is fixed on one side of the upper end of the connecting ring (91), and a socket (71) is opened on the surface of the connecting plate (7). The connecting rod (92) and the socket (71) are interlocked.

6. The irregular column node connection structure for prefabricated buildings according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner ratchet (93) is fixed on the upper side of the inner wall of the connecting ring (91). The upper end of the inner ratchet (93) is in close contact with the upper end of the inner side of the I-shaped ring (81). The pawl (84) is connected to the inner ratchet (93).

7. A prefabricated building irregular column node connection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The annular magnetic grid (94) is fixed at the lower end of the inner ratchet (93). The lower end of the annular magnetic grid (94) is spaced apart from the lower end of the inner part of the I-shaped ring (81). The magnetic head assembly (86) is fixed at the lower end of the inner part of the I-shaped ring (81). The magnetic head assembly (86) includes a detection circuit board and a magnetic head embedded in the detection circuit board. The magnetic head is set close to the annular magnetic grid (94).

8. The irregular column node connection structure for prefabricated buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of self-locking ring mechanisms (8) on the L-shaped reinforcing plate (3) is four on each side, and the nut (5) on the irregular column (1) is embedded in the surface of the irregular column (1).

9. A prefabricated building irregular column node connection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting ring (91) is a synchronous pulley, and the synchronous pulleys that are on the same straight line and adjacent to each other are connected by a synchronous belt (95).

10. A prefabricated building irregular column node connection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: An electromagnet (87) is embedded and fixed at the upper end of the pawl (84). An iron plate (88) is embedded and fixed at the upper end of the I-shaped ring (81) directly above the electromagnet (87). The magnetic head is connected to the electromagnet (87) through a detection circuit board.

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