Drilling gas cut monitoring method and device based on magnetic induction effect

Abstract

The invention provides a drilling gas cut monitoring method and device based on a magnetic induction effect, and the method comprises the steps: pumping drilling fluid carrying magnetic particles marked by a magnetic marker into a shaft, and measuring the nearby magnetic field intensity through a magnetic signal induction short section arranged at the bottom of the shaft to obtain magnetic field data; and acquiring gas cut monitoring data according to the change condition of the magnetic field data in the preset period. Therefore, by monitoring the magnetic signal which responds to the gas cut very quickly, advanced early warning of the early trace gas cut is realized, and the response speed and sensitivity are superior to those of a sound wave or resistivity method; by actively introducing a magnetic marker and adopting a differential detection and temperature compensation algorithm, the problems that a resistivity method is greatly interfered by a stratum and a sound wave method is seriously influenced by well conditions and noise are effectively solved, the anti-interference capability is high, and the reliability is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of gas intrusion monitoring, and more particularly to a drilling gas intrusion monitoring method and device based on magnetic induction effect. Background Technology

[0002] During drilling operations, when the hydrostatic pressure of the drilling fluid in the annulus is lower than the formation pore pressure, fluids such as natural gas from the formation can invade the wellbore, causing gas intrusion. Gas intrusion is a major cause of well blowout accidents. Timely and accurate monitoring and intervention in its early stages are crucial for effectively preventing major well control accidents. Therefore, researching new gas intrusion monitoring methods is of great significance for ensuring drilling safety and avoiding economic losses and personnel casualties.

[0003] Currently, traditional methods for detecting gas intrusion mainly include mud pit level monitoring, surface outlet flow rate monitoring, and gas intrusion acoustic time-of-flight monitoring. However, these methods generally suffer from problems such as response lag and low sensitivity, making it difficult to effectively identify early-stage trace gas intrusion.

[0004] Further research has led to the development of several monitoring technologies based on physical principles, but all of them have significant drawbacks: Resistivity-based gas intrusion detection methods (such as logging while drilling) work on the principle that gas intrusion leads to a decrease in drilling fluid conductivity and an increase in resistivity. However, resistivity is greatly affected by reservoir characteristics, and it is difficult to identify the dominant factor among numerous interfering factors, which can easily lead to misjudgments and low accuracy, increasing the difficulty of data analysis.

[0005] Doppler ultrasound-based monitoring technology uses ultrasonic echo signals to determine fluid flow patterns and thus identify gas intrusion. However, this method has the following inherent drawbacks: 1) Complex mechanical vibrations downhole generate strong environmental noise interference, and drill string vibration noise is difficult to eliminate; 2) It has weak processing capabilities for unsteady acoustic signals under complex well conditions; 3) In deep well applications, the long propagation distance of acoustic signals leads to a low signal-to-noise ratio received at the wellhead, affecting the accuracy of the judgment.

[0006] In summary, existing gas intrusion monitoring technologies all suffer from technical bottlenecks such as limited monitoring parameters, slow response, or susceptibility to environmental interference, failing to meet the well control requirements for rapid, sensitive, and reliable monitoring of early-stage, trace gas intrusion. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this application is to provide a drilling gas invasion monitoring method and device based on the magnetic induction effect, which overcomes the shortcomings of existing gas invasion monitoring methods such as response lag, low sensitivity, and susceptibility to interference from complex downhole environments. By adding magnetic particles as markers to the drilling fluid and using downhole magnetic signal sensing sub to monitor magnetic field changes in real time, the method can achieve rapid, sensitive, and reliable identification and quantitative assessment of early trace gas invasion, providing a new technical means for the prevention of blowout accidents.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the drilling gas invasion monitoring method based on magnetic induction effect provided in this application specifically includes: pumping drilling fluid carrying magnetic particles marked by magnetic markers into the wellbore; measuring the magnetic field strength of the vicinity by a magnetic signal induction sub located at the bottom of the wellbore to obtain magnetic field data; and obtaining gas invasion monitoring data based on the changes in the magnetic field data within a preset period.

[0009] In the above-mentioned drilling gas invasion monitoring method, optionally, obtaining gas invasion monitoring data based on the changes in the magnetic field data within a preset period includes: comparing the intensity or rate of change of the magnetic field signal within the preset period with at least one preset threshold; and determining whether gas invasion has occurred and / or the level of gas invasion based on the comparison result.

[0010] In the above-mentioned drilling gas invasion monitoring method, optionally, comparing the rate of change of the magnetic field signal within a preset period with at least one preset threshold includes: calculating the gas content of the wellbore cross section by the rate of change of the magnetic field signal within the preset period; and comparing the gas content of the wellbore cross section with the preset threshold to obtain a comparison result. The gas content of the wellbore cross-section is calculated using the following formula: ; In the above formula, A gas The gas content of the cross section; K These are the wellbore geometric coefficients; Apipe The cross-sectional area of ​​the annulus; μr The relative permeability of the drilling fluid; This represents the volume fraction of magnetic particles. The magnetic field value is under reference conditions; This represents the change in the magnetic field.

[0011] In the above-mentioned drilling gas invasion monitoring method, optionally, before obtaining the gas invasion monitoring data based on the changes in the magnetic field data within a preset period, the method further includes: preprocessing the magnetic field data; wherein, the preprocessing includes at least one of temperature compensation, noise filtering, and drill string vibration interference elimination.

[0012] In the above-mentioned drilling gas invasion monitoring method, optionally, temperature compensation can be performed on the magnetic field data using a temperature drift compensation polynomial fitting correction formula; The temperature drift compensation polynomial fitting correction formula includes: ; In the above formula, B raw This is the original magnetic field value measured by the sensor; B corrected This represents the temperature-compensated magnetic field value; T represents the current ambient temperature. T 0 is the reference temperature; β 1, β 2 represents the first and second order temperature coefficients.

[0013] In the above-mentioned drilling gas invasion monitoring method, optionally, the magnetic marker includes magnetic particles, the material of which includes at least one of ferrite, rare earth permanent magnet material, and magnetic nanomaterial.

[0014] This application also provides a drilling gas invasion monitoring device applicable to the aforementioned drilling gas invasion monitoring method. The device includes: a magnetic marker injection system for mixing a predetermined concentration of magnetic marker with drilling fluid and pumping it into the wellbore; a magnetic induction measurement sub, connected via a drill pipe joint to the bottom hole assembly near the drill bit, for real-time measurement of downhole magnetic field data; and a surface monitoring system, communicatively connected to the magnetic induction measurement sub, for processing the received magnetic field data and performing gas invasion judgment and early warning.

[0015] In the above-mentioned drilling gas invasion monitoring device, optionally, the magnetic marker injection system includes a magnetic particle storage unit, a quantitative injection device, a stirring and mixing device, a pressure regulating component, and a real-time monitoring module connected in sequence along the drilling fluid flow direction; The magnetic particle storage unit is used to store pre-prepared magnetic markers; the quantitative injection device is used to control the mixing ratio of magnetic markers and drilling fluid; the stirring and mixing device is used to uniformly mix magnetic markers and drilling fluid; the pressure regulating component is used to stabilize the pressure of the drilling fluid containing the mixed magnetic markers injected into the wellbore; and the real-time monitoring module is used to monitor the injection rate and concentration of the drilling fluid containing the mixed magnetic markers in real time.

[0016] In the aforementioned drilling gas intrusion monitoring device, optionally, the magnetic induction measurement section includes: a pressure-resistant housing made of a non-magnetic, corrosion-resistant alloy, with an outer diameter consistent with the drill pipe, forming a cylindrical structure; a sensor module disposed inside the pressure-resistant housing, including at least one set of triaxially orthogonally arranged tunnel magnetoresistive sensors for measuring the spatial magnetic field vector; a magnetic signal amplification and receiving device electrically connected to the sensor module, including a low-noise amplifier, a bandpass filter, and an analog-to-digital converter for amplifying, filtering, and converting the original magnetic field signal; a signal processing circuit electrically connected to the magnetic signal amplification and receiving device for obtaining magnetic field data by executing a preset magnetic signal analysis algorithm based on the converted magnetic field signal; an interference shield connected to the signal processing circuit for preprocessing the magnetic field data; and a communication module connected to the interference shield for uploading the preprocessed magnetic field data to the ground monitoring system.

[0017] In the above-mentioned drilling gas intrusion monitoring device, optionally, the sensor module adopts a differential dual-probe layout, with the two probes set at a predetermined distance along the axial direction of the magnetic induction measurement sub. The interference shield preprocesses the signals from the two probes by calculating the difference to eliminate common-mode vibration interference in the drill string.

[0018] Optionally, in the aforementioned drilling gas intrusion monitoring device, a temperature sensor may also be installed inside the pressure-resistant housing to monitor the ambient temperature and provide the interference shield with the temperature data required for temperature compensation.

[0019] In the above-mentioned drilling gas intrusion monitoring device, optionally, the ground monitoring system includes: a signal receiver for receiving magnetic field data from the magnetic induction measurement sub; an industrial computer connected to the signal receiver for processing the received magnetic field data and performing gas intrusion judgment; and an alarm unit connected to the industrial computer for triggering different levels of early warning based on the gas intrusion judgment result.

[0020] This application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described method.

[0021] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that performs the above-described methods.

[0022] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0023] The beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows: by monitoring magnetic signals that respond extremely quickly to gas intrusion, early warning of trace gas intrusion is achieved, with response speed and sensitivity superior to acoustic or resistivity methods; by actively introducing magnetic markers and employing differential detection and temperature compensation algorithms, the difficulties of resistivity methods being greatly affected by formation interference and acoustic methods being severely affected by well conditions and noise are effectively overcome, resulting in strong anti-interference ability and high reliability; at the same time, this application can achieve quantitative analysis of the degree of gas intrusion through the established quantitative model, and its magnetic induction monitoring method is not limited by drilling fluid type, well depth, or complex environments such as high temperature and high pressure, exhibiting good universality and providing reliable technical support for realizing real-time, automated monitoring of gas intrusion and precise well control decisions. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of this application and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a drilling gas intrusion monitoring method provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the process for obtaining air intrusion monitoring data according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application process of a drilling gas intrusion monitoring method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the magnetic induction measurement sub-section provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the signal processing flow of a ground monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between magnetic signal change and time, provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between changes in magnetic signals and the degree of air intrusion provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The following will describe in detail the implementation methods of this application with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so as to fully understand how this application uses technical means to solve technical problems and achieve technical effects, and to implement it accordingly. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the various embodiments and features in each embodiment of this application can be combined with each other, and the resulting technical solutions are all within the protection scope of this application.

[0026] Furthermore, the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1 As shown, the drilling gas intrusion monitoring method based on magnetic induction effect provided in this application specifically includes: S101 pumps drilling fluid carrying magnetic particles marked by magnetic markers into the wellbore, and obtains magnetic field data by measuring the nearby magnetic field strength through a magnetic signal sensing sub located at the bottom of the wellbore. S102 obtains air intrusion monitoring data based on the changes in the magnetic field data within a preset period.

[0028] Specifically, in practical applications, the drilling gas intrusion monitoring method based on magnetic induction effect provided in this application can use magnetic particles as markers to prepare drilling fluid. The drilling fluid, labeled with magnetic molecules, is continuously pumped into the wellbore. A magnetic signal induction sub is used at the bottom of the well to measure the magnetic field strength near it. After data preprocessing, the data is transmitted to the surface. A receiving and processing device installed on the surface continuously receives the feedback signal from the downhole magnetic induction sub. This signal reflects the distribution of drilling fluid in the rock-breaking section of the well. A sharp decrease in the magnetic signal triggers an alarm system. When gas intrudes into the wellbore, the drilling fluid, originally filled with magnetic molecules, becomes mixed with air bubbles, causing a change in the distribution of magnetic molecules, which in turn triggers a change in the magnetic field. This includes: a weakening magnetic signal indicating the generation of air bubbles at the bottom of the well; a sharp decrease in the magnetic signal indicating gas intrusion at the bottom of the well; and a relatively stable magnetic signal indicating no abnormalities downhole. The amount of gas intrusion can be quantified through the analysis of the magnetic field.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, obtaining air intrusion monitoring data based on the changes in the magnetic field data within a preset period includes: S201 compares the intensity or rate of change of the magnetic field signal within a preset period with at least one preset threshold. S202 determines whether air intrusion has occurred and / or the level of air intrusion based on the comparison results.

[0030] Furthermore, comparing the rate of change of the magnetic field signal within a preset period with at least one preset threshold includes: calculating the gas content of the wellbore cross-section using the rate of change of the magnetic field signal within the preset period; and comparing the gas content of the wellbore cross-section with the preset threshold to obtain a comparison result. The gas content of the wellbore cross-section is calculated using the following formula: ; In the above formula,A gas The gas content of the cross section; K These are the wellbore geometry coefficients (calibrated via CFD simulation). Apipe The cross-sectional area of ​​the annulus (m²); μr The relative magnetic permeability of the drilling fluid (μr≈1.2-3.0 when magnetic particles are present); This represents the volume fraction of magnetic particles. The magnetic field value is under reference conditions (magnetic field value under conditions without air intrusion). This represents the change in the magnetic field.

[0031] In one embodiment of this application, before obtaining gas intrusion monitoring data based on the changes in the magnetic field data within a preset period, the method further includes: preprocessing the magnetic field data; wherein the preprocessing includes at least one of temperature compensation, noise filtering, and drill string vibration interference elimination.

[0032] Furthermore, temperature compensation is performed on the magnetic field data using a temperature drift compensation polynomial fitting correction formula. The temperature drift compensation polynomial fitting correction formula includes: ; In the above formula, B raw This is the original magnetic field value measured by the sensor; B corrected This represents the temperature-compensated magnetic field value; T represents the current ambient temperature. T 0 is the reference temperature; β 1, β 2 represents the first and second order temperature coefficients.

[0033] In one embodiment of this application, the magnetic marker may include magnetic particles, the material of which includes at least one of ferrite, rare earth permanent magnet material, and magnetic nanomaterial.

[0034] Please refer to the overall information. Figure 3 As shown, in practical work, the specific implementation process of the drilling gas invasion monitoring method provided in this application is as follows: 1. First, start the system and initialize the magnetic induction sub-section and ground device; 2. The magnetic induction sub is lowered into the well along with the drill bit; 3. Real-time monitoring of the content of magnetic molecules downhole, and transmission to the ground computer after signal amplification, filtering, and analog-to-digital conversion; 4. After receiving the data, the ground computer performs magnetic field attenuation calculations and compares them with the safety threshold. If the first safety threshold is exceeded, a level one alarm is issued and the drilling fluid density is increased. If the second safety threshold is exceeded, a level two alarm is issued to remind the driller to start well control. If the safety threshold is not exceeded, drilling continues normally.

[0035] This application also provides a drilling gas invasion monitoring device applicable to the aforementioned drilling gas invasion monitoring method. The device includes: a magnetic marker injection system for mixing a predetermined concentration of magnetic marker with drilling fluid and pumping it into the wellbore; a magnetic induction measurement sub, connected via a drill pipe joint to the bottom hole assembly near the drill bit, for real-time measurement of downhole magnetic field data; and a surface monitoring system, communicatively connected to the magnetic induction measurement sub, for processing the received magnetic field data and performing gas invasion judgment and early warning.

[0036] The magnetic induction measurement sub can be short-connected and embedded in the bottom hole annular control drill pipe. For details, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 4 As shown, the drill pipe has annular layers on both sides between it and the formation. The magnetic induction measurement sub-section A can be short-circuited and embedded in the annular layer on one side of the drill pipe. The specific configuration position can be selected and set according to actual needs, and this application does not impose further restrictions here.

[0037] In the above embodiments, the magnetic marker injection system includes a magnetic particle storage unit, a quantitative injection device, a mixing device, a pressure regulating component, and a real-time monitoring module connected sequentially along the drilling fluid flow direction; wherein, the magnetic particle storage unit is used to store pre-prepared magnetic markers; the quantitative injection device is used to control the mixing ratio of magnetic markers and drilling fluid; the mixing device is used to uniformly mix magnetic markers and drilling fluid; the pressure regulating component is used to stabilize the pressure of the drilling fluid containing the mixed magnetic markers injected into the wellbore; and the real-time monitoring module is used to monitor the injection rate and concentration of the drilling fluid containing the mixed magnetic markers in real time.

[0038] In another embodiment of this application, the magnetic induction measurement section includes: a pressure-resistant housing made of a non-magnetic, corrosion-resistant alloy, with an outer diameter consistent with the drill pipe, forming a cylindrical structure; a sensor module disposed inside the pressure-resistant housing, including at least one set of triaxially orthogonally arranged tunnel magnetoresistive sensors for measuring the spatial magnetic field vector; a magnetic signal amplification and receiving device electrically connected to the sensor module, including a low-noise amplifier, a bandpass filter, and an analog-to-digital converter for amplifying, filtering, and converting the original magnetic field signal; a signal processing circuit electrically connected to the magnetic signal amplification and receiving device for obtaining magnetic field data by executing a preset magnetic signal analysis algorithm based on the converted magnetic field signal; an interference shield connected to the signal processing circuit for preprocessing the magnetic field data; and a communication module connected to the interference shield for uploading the preprocessed magnetic field data to the ground monitoring system.

[0039] The sensor module employs a differential dual-probe layout, with the two probes spaced a predetermined distance apart along the axial direction of the magnetic induction measurement section. The interference shield preprocesses the signals from the two probes by calculating the difference to eliminate common-mode vibration interference from the drill string. The specific calculation model is as follows: ; In the above formula, The resistance value of the magnetoresistive element when the external magnetic field strength is H; This is the initial resistance of the magnetoresistive element when there is no external magnetic field. α is the change in resistance of the magnetoresistive element under a magnetic field H; α is the maximum reluctance ratio (typically 50%~300%); H is the external magnetic field strength; H sat It is a saturated magnetic field.

[0040] In the above embodiments, the interference shield also performs temperature compensation on the magnetic field data using a temperature drift compensation polynomial fitting correction formula. The temperature drift compensation polynomial fitting correction formula includes: ; In the above formula, B raw The original magnetic field value measured by the sensor (e.g., in μT or nT units); B corrected This is the temperature-compensated magnetic field value; T is the current ambient temperature (°C). T 0 represents the reference temperature (usually the base temperature during calibration, such as 25°C). β 1, β 2 represents the first and second order temperature coefficients (unit: ¹、 ²).

[0041] In one embodiment of this application, the ground monitoring system includes: a signal receiver for receiving magnetic field data from the magnetic induction measurement sub-section; an industrial computer connected to the signal receiver for processing the received magnetic field data and performing air intrusion judgment; and an alarm unit connected to the industrial computer for triggering different levels of early warning based on the air intrusion judgment result.

[0042] The process of the ground monitoring system receiving and processing signals can be referred to as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the industrial computer receives real-time magnetic field data transmitted by the magnetic induction sub, calculates the average magnetic field strength, analyzes the magnetic field attenuation rate, and forms a result as shown in the figure. Figure 6 The graph shows the distribution of magnetic signal intensity over time. A significant drop in the magnetic signal within a short period indicates gas intrusion in the well. In one embodiment, the relationship between magnetic signal change and the degree of gas intrusion is shown in the graph. Figure 7As shown, if air intrusion occurs, the computer will generate a graph showing the relationship between the degree of air intrusion and changes in the magnetic signal, recording the process of air intrusion. Figure 7 It can be seen that when the degree of air intrusion is less than 5%, the decrease in magnetic signal under a small amount of air intrusion can be captured. When the degree of air intrusion reaches 15%, the magnetic signal begins to decrease significantly.

[0043] The beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows: by monitoring magnetic signals that respond extremely quickly to gas intrusion, early warning of trace gas intrusion is achieved, with response speed and sensitivity superior to acoustic or resistivity methods; by actively introducing magnetic markers and employing differential detection and temperature compensation algorithms, the difficulties of resistivity methods being greatly affected by formation interference and acoustic methods being severely affected by well conditions and noise are effectively overcome, resulting in strong anti-interference ability and high reliability; at the same time, this application can achieve quantitative analysis of the degree of gas intrusion through the established quantitative model, and its magnetic induction monitoring method is not limited by drilling fluid type, well depth, or complex environments such as high temperature and high pressure, exhibiting good universality and providing reliable technical support for realizing real-time, automated monitoring of gas intrusion and precise well control decisions.

[0044] This application also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the above-described method.

[0045] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that performs the above-described methods.

[0046] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0047] like Figure 8 As shown, the electronic device 600 may also include: a communication module 110, an input unit 120, an audio processor 130, a display 160, and a power supply 170. It is worth noting that the electronic device 600 does not necessarily need to include these components. Figure 8 All components shown; in addition, the electronic device 600 may also include Figure 8 For components not shown, please refer to existing technologies.

[0048] like Figure 8 As shown, the central processing unit 100, sometimes also referred to as a controller or operating control, may include a microprocessor or other processor device and / or logic device. The central processing unit 100 receives inputs and controls the operation of various components of the electronic device 600.

[0049] The memory 140 may be, for example, one or more of a cache, flash memory, hard drive, removable media, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, or other suitable devices. It may store the aforementioned failure-related information, and also store a program for executing that information. The central processing unit 100 may execute the program stored in the memory 140 to perform information storage or processing, etc.

[0050] Input unit 120 provides input to central processing unit 100. Input unit 120 may be, for example, a keypad or touch input device. Power supply 170 provides power to electronic device 600. Display 160 displays images and text. Display may be, for example, an LCD display, but is not limited thereto.

[0051] The memory 140 can be a solid-state memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a SIM card, etc. It can also be a memory that retains information even when power is off, can be selectively erased, and contains more data; examples of this type of memory are sometimes referred to as EPROMs. The memory 140 can also be some other type of device. The memory 140 includes a buffer memory 141 (sometimes referred to as a buffer). The memory 140 may include an application / function storage unit 142 for storing application programs and function programs or processes for executing the operation of the electronic device 600 via the central processing unit 100.

[0052] The memory 140 may also include a data storage unit (data 143) for storing data, such as contacts, digital data, pictures, sounds, and / or any other data used by the electronic device. The driver storage unit (driver 144) of the memory 140 may include various drivers for the electronic device's communication functions and / or for performing other functions of the electronic device (such as messaging applications, address book applications, etc.).

[0053] The communication module 110 is a transmitter / receiver 110 that transmits and receives signals via antenna 111. The communication module (transmitter / receiver) 110 is coupled to the central processing unit 100 to provide input signals and receive output signals, which can be the same as in a conventional mobile communication terminal.

[0054] Based on different communication technologies, multiple communication modules 110 can be configured in the same electronic device, such as cellular network modules, Bluetooth modules, and / or wireless LAN modules. The communication module (transmitter / receiver) 110 is also coupled to a speaker 131 and a microphone 132 via an audio processor 130 to provide audio output via the speaker 131 and receive audio input from the microphone 132, thereby enabling typical telecommunications functions. The audio processor 130 may include any suitable buffer, decoder, amplifier, etc. Additionally, the audio processor 130 is coupled to a central processing unit 100, enabling on-device recording via the microphone 132 and on-device playback of stored audio via the speaker 131.

[0055] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0056] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, produce a machine for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0057] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0058] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0059] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this application. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A drilling gas intrusion monitoring method based on magnetic induction effect, characterized in that, The method includes: Drilling fluid carrying magnetic particles marked by magnetic markers is pumped into the wellbore, and magnetic field data is obtained by measuring the strength of the nearby magnetic field through a magnetic signal induction sub located at the bottom of the wellbore. Air intrusion monitoring data is obtained based on the changes in the magnetic field data within a preset period.

2. The drilling gas intrusion monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air intrusion monitoring data obtained based on the changes in the magnetic field data within a preset period includes: The intensity or rate of change of the magnetic field signal within a preset period is compared with at least one preset threshold. The comparison results will determine whether air intrusion has occurred and / or the level of air intrusion.

3. The drilling gas intrusion monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Comparing the rate of change of the magnetic field signal within a preset period with at least one preset threshold includes: The gas content of the wellbore cross section is calculated by the rate of change of the magnetic field signal within a preset period. The gas content of the wellbore section is compared with a preset threshold to obtain the comparison result; The gas content of the wellbore cross-section is calculated using the following formula: ； In the above formula, A gas The gas content of the cross section; K These are the wellbore geometric coefficients; Apipe The cross-sectional area of ​​the annulus; μr The relative permeability of the drilling fluid; This represents the volume fraction of magnetic particles. The magnetic field value is under reference conditions; This represents the change in the magnetic field.

4. The drilling gas intrusion monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before obtaining air intrusion monitoring data based on the changes in the magnetic field data within a preset period, the following steps are also included: The magnetic field data is preprocessed; The preprocessing includes at least one of temperature compensation, noise filtering, and drill string vibration interference elimination.

5. The drilling gas intrusion monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Temperature compensation is performed on the magnetic field data using a temperature drift compensation polynomial fitting correction formula. The temperature drift compensation polynomial fitting correction formula includes: ； In the above formula, B raw This is the original magnetic field value measured by the sensor; B corrected This represents the temperature-compensated magnetic field value; T represents the current ambient temperature. T 0 is the reference temperature; β 1, β 2 represents the first and second order temperature coefficients.

6. The drilling gas intrusion monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic markers include magnetic particles, the material of which includes at least one of ferrite, rare earth permanent magnet materials, and magnetic nanomaterials.

7. A drilling gas invasion monitoring device applicable to the drilling gas invasion monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The device includes: A magnetic marker injection system is used to mix a predetermined concentration of magnetic markers with drilling fluid and pump them into the wellbore; The magnetic induction measurement sub is connected to the bottom hole assembly near the drill bit via a drill pipe joint and is used to measure downhole magnetic field data in real time. The ground monitoring system is communicatively connected to the magnetic induction measurement sub-section and is used to process the received magnetic field data and perform air intrusion judgment and early warning.

8. The drilling gas intrusion monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The magnetic marker injection system includes a magnetic particle storage unit, a quantitative injection device, a stirring and mixing device, a pressure regulating component, and a real-time monitoring module connected sequentially along the drilling fluid flow direction. The magnetic particle storage unit is used to store pre-prepared magnetic markers. The quantitative injection device is used to control the mixing ratio of magnetic markers and drilling fluid; The mixing equipment is used to uniformly mix the magnetic markers and drilling fluid; The pressure regulating component is used to stabilize the pressure of the drilling fluid containing the mixed magnetic markers injected into the wellbore; The real-time monitoring module is used to monitor the injection rate and concentration of drilling fluid containing mixed magnetic markers in real time.

9. The drilling gas intrusion monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The magnetic induction measurement section includes: The pressure-resistant outer shell is made of a non-magnetic, corrosion-resistant alloy, and its outer diameter is the same as that of the drill pipe, forming a cylindrical structure. The sensor module, disposed inside the pressure-resistant housing, includes at least one set of triaxially orthogonally arranged tunnel magnetoresistive sensors for measuring the space magnetic field vector; A magnetic signal amplification and receiving device, electrically connected to the sensor module, includes a low-noise amplifier, a bandpass filter, and an analog-to-digital converter, used to amplify, filter, and convert the original magnetic field signal; The signal processing circuit is electrically connected to the magnetic signal amplification and receiving device, and is used to obtain magnetic field data by executing a preset magnetic signal analysis algorithm based on the magnetic field signal after signal conversion; An interference shield is connected to the signal processing circuit to preprocess the magnetic field data; The communication module, connected to the interference shield, is used to upload the preprocessed magnetic field data to the ground monitoring system.

10. The drilling gas intrusion monitoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The sensor module adopts a differential dual-probe layout, with the two probes set at a predetermined distance along the axial direction of the magnetic induction measurement section. The interference shield preprocesses the signals from the two probes by calculating the difference to eliminate common-mode vibration interference from the drill string.

11. The drilling gas intrusion monitoring device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The pressure-resistant housing is also equipped with a temperature sensor to monitor the ambient temperature and provide the interference shield with the temperature data required for temperature compensation.

12. The drilling gas intrusion monitoring device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ground monitoring system includes: A signal receiver for receiving magnetic field data from the magnetic induction measurement section; An industrial computer, connected to the signal receiver, is used to process the received magnetic field data and perform air intrusion detection. An alarm unit, connected to the industrial computer, is used to trigger different levels of early warning based on the gas intrusion judgment results.

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