Controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-working-condition self-adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a controllable combustion system and method integrating intelligent early warning and multi-working-condition self-adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping. The problems that a gasoline rotor machine is low in combustion efficiency at a high altitude, poor in multi-working-condition adaptability, standard-exceeding in emission and the like are solved. Relates to the field of gasoline rotor engine combustion optimization and intelligent control. Specifically, hydrogen and oxygen regulation and control modules and multi-dimensional sensing units are deployed around an air inlet channel and a combustion chamber of the gasoline rotor machine in a grading mode, and dynamic regulation and on-demand supply of the hydrogen and oxygen mixing proportion are achieved by combining a PEM water electrolysis hydrogen and oxygen production quick response energy supply technology and a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm fused with multi-mode perception. And four self-adaptive combustion modes of economy, power, plateau and high plateau are set, so that the rotor machine is ensured to keep efficient and stable combustion under various complex working conditions, the power output is stable, and the pollutant emission is effectively reduced. The method is suitable for gasoline rotor engine combustion optimization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of combustion optimization and intelligent control technology for gasoline rotary engines. Background Technology

[0002] With the deepening implementation of global "dual carbon" goals and the upgrading of power systems for special equipment, the demand for power units in fields such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft, and high-altitude operation machinery is becoming increasingly urgent, especially in terms of "high power density, adaptability to complex operating conditions, and low emissions." Gasoline rotary engines, with their compact structure and small size, have become an important alternative to traditional reciprocating engines in space-constrained scenarios. However, the inherent limitations of gasoline rotary engines make it difficult to simultaneously meet performance and environmental standards, necessitating technological innovation to overcome application bottlenecks.

[0003] Existing traditional gasoline rotary engines have significant shortcomings in core performance: In high-altitude environments, the low atmospheric pressure and thin air result in insufficient air intake; simultaneously, the narrow "W"-shaped combustion chamber structure of the rotary engine is not conducive to fuel-air mixing, leading to a significant reduction in combustion efficiency and a marked decrease in driving range; in high-altitude areas above 4500m, air density decreases by more than 40% compared to plains areas, and power output even decreases by more than 30%, failing to meet load requirements. During multi-condition switching, the eccentric rotation of the rotor causes nonlinear changes in the combustion chamber volume, and fluctuations in the sealing gap exacerbate cylinder pressure fluctuations, resulting in a failure rate twice the industry average; furthermore, the combined effect of incomplete combustion and sealing leaks leads to hydrocarbon emissions exceeding standards by 40%, restricting its use in environmentally regulated areas.

[0004] Current technical solutions mostly focus on localized optimization of single problems: for high-altitude degradation, the common approach is to passively increase the intake volume, but this does not solve the fundamental problem of uneven fuel-air mixing, resulting in limited efficiency improvements; for fluctuations in operating conditions and malfunctions, the common approach is to strengthen sealing materials to alleviate wear, but this does not fundamentally improve pressure fluctuations, resulting in minimal reliability improvements; for excessive emissions, the solution relies on after-treatment systems for end-of-pipe treatment, but this does not reduce unburned mixture leakage at the combustion source, leading to high control costs and poor stability. Furthermore, traditional rotor compressors employ a fixed fuel supply strategy, making it impossible to dynamically adjust parameters according to different operating conditions, thus failing to balance the multiple demands of efficiency, power, and environmental protection.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to propose a controllable combustion technology that integrates intelligent control and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen-oxygen blending. This technology achieves fault early warning through multi-dimensional sensor networking, optimizes the hydrogen-oxygen ratio by combining PEM electrolysis water dynamic regulation with a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm that integrates multi-modal perception, and constructs differentiated combustion modes for different scenarios. In particular, it innovatively adopts a hydrogen direct injection strategy in high-altitude scenarios to fundamentally solve the problems of traditional gasoline rotary engines such as high-altitude attenuation, poor reliability under multiple operating conditions, and excessive emissions, thus meeting the stringent requirements of special equipment for efficient and clean power. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to address the technical challenges of existing traditional gasoline rotary engines, including low combustion efficiency in high-altitude environments, poor reliability during multi-condition switching, excessive hydrocarbon emissions, and insufficient adaptability to different operating conditions. Specifically, it addresses issues such as insufficient air intake at high altitudes leading to reduced range, high failure rates due to pressure fluctuations across multiple operating conditions, the inability of fixed fuel strategies to adapt to diverse scenario requirements, and limited effectiveness of end-of-pipe emission control. The invention proposes a controllable combustion system and method that integrates intelligent early warning and adaptive hydrogen and oxygen blending under multiple operating conditions. This system utilizes a multi-dimensional sensor network and hydrogen-oxygen regulation module deployed hierarchically in the rotary engine's intake passage and around the combustion chamber. Combined with PEM electrolysis water production for rapid hydrogen and oxygen supply technology and a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm incorporating multimodal perception, it achieves dynamic and precise adjustment of the hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio, significantly improving combustion efficiency and power recovery rate in high-altitude environments. Furthermore, it features adaptive switching between four combustion modes—economy, power, high-altitude, and high-altitude—achieving synergistic optimization of complete combustion, early fault warning, and clean emissions across all operating conditions.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a controllable combustion system that integrates intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping, the controllable combustion system comprising: The PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system is used to produce high-purity hydrogen and oxygen through the water electrolysis reaction. A hydrogen and oxygen supply and control system is connected to the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system to receive and store the hydrogen and oxygen, and to monitor and adjust the supply parameters of hydrogen and oxygen in real time. The injection switching system is connected to the hydrogen and oxygen supply and control system. It is used to receive and adjust the mixing ratio of hydrogen and air, and control the start and stop of the compressor and the hydrogen injection mode according to different working modes. The combustion control system, connected to the hydrogen and oxygen supply and control system, receives regulated and monitored hydrogen and oxygen, and forms a mixture in the combustion chamber under the combined action of gasoline injected by the fuel injector and hydrogen and oxygen, which drives the integrated gasoline rotary engine. The mechanical energy generated by combustion is output to an external load through a transmission device, and at the same time drives the motor to generate electricity to achieve energy recovery. The exhaust gas after combustion is condensed through a U-shaped condenser with dense small holes at the bottom, and the recovered condensate flows back to the water tank to form a water circulation system. The intelligent control system, based on multimodal sensor data and according to the preset or automatically identified working mode, dynamically adjusts the hydrogen and oxygen production rate, hydrogen and oxygen mixing ratio, ignition time, fuel injection quantity and injection method through a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm that integrates multimodal perception, thereby optimizing the coordinated balance between combustion efficiency, power output and emission indicators of the integrated gasoline rotary engine.

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned hydrogen and oxygen supply and regulation system includes: A pressure-stabilizing gas tank is used to store high-purity hydrogen produced by the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system. A compressor, connected to the outlet pipeline of a pressure-stabilized gas tank, is used to pressurize hydrogen. Hydrogen and oxygen valves are installed on the hydrogen and oxygen pipelines respectively to regulate the flow rates of hydrogen and oxygen. A hydrogen flow meter is installed downstream of the hydrogen valve to monitor the hydrogen flow rate in real time. Pressure sensors are used to monitor the pressure of hydrogen and oxygen separately or together.

[0009] Furthermore, the aforementioned pressure sensor is also used to ensure that the gas pressure in the system pipeline is maintained within a safe range.

[0010] Furthermore, the oxygen mentioned above is mixed with air through the intake duct and then enters the combustion control system.

[0011] Furthermore, the mechanical energy generated during the combustion process of the aforementioned integrated gasoline rotary engine is output to an external load through a transmission device.

[0012] Furthermore, the aforementioned intelligent control system is implemented using an ECU control unit. By integrating a multimodal data fusion module, it collects multi-dimensional sensor data from environmental, combustion, supply, and mechanical modes. After feature extraction and dynamic weight allocation, the data is input into a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm that integrates multimodal perception. This enables precise dynamic control of hydrogen-oxygen production rate, hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio, ignition time, fuel injection quantity, and injection mode, optimizing the synergistic balance between combustion efficiency, power output, and emission indicators. The control core of the fuzzy neural network PID algorithm that integrates multimodal perception is a five-layer feedforward fuzzy neural network. Precise control is achieved by dynamically adjusting the gain parameters of the PID controller online. That is, by replacing the traditional single deviation input with multimodal feature vectors, and combining a working condition-adaptive fuzzy rule base and a dynamic parameter tuning mechanism, the problem of parameter lag and poor adaptability of traditional PID algorithms under complex working conditions is solved.

[0013] Furthermore, the real-time hydrogen-oxygen ratio error and its rate of change as input vector ; In the fuzzification layer, the input is passed through a Gaussian membership function. Mapped to fuzzy quantities, where and These are adjustable parameters; The fuzzy inference layer uses a product rule to calculate the activation strength of each rule. And obtained after normalization ; The network output layer calculates the real-time adjustment of the PID gain based on this:

[0014] in For adaptive connection weights; The final optimal PID gain is generated by superimposing the base value and the adjustment value:

[0015] The network parameters are learned online using gradient descent, with the squared error as the criterion. Optimize performance metrics to enable the system to have continuous environmental adaptability; Substituting the tuned gain parameters into the PID control formula:

[0016] The generated control signal This is used to adjust the power supply voltage of the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system in real time, thereby dynamically changing the hydrogen and oxygen generation rate and achieving precise closed-loop control of the ratio.

[0017] Furthermore, the aforementioned ECU control unit has multiple preset operating modes, including high-altitude mode, high-altitude mode, power mode, and economy mode; the ECU control unit is configured to automatically identify the current operating condition based on sensor data and switch to the corresponding mode, thereby adopting different hydrogen-oxygen ratio and combustion parameter control strategies.

[0018] Furthermore, based on the concentration of hydrogen produced by PEM electrolysis, intake pressure, intake temperature and fuel injection quantity, a complete quadratic regression prediction model was established. The operating efficiency of the combustion system was obtained after fitting the model with experimental data.

[0019] Furthermore, the above-mentioned operational efficiency is as follows:

[0020] in, Hydrogen concentration, P Intake pressure, T Intake air temperature, This refers to the amount of fuel injected. - These are the model coefficients obtained through fitting.

[0021] Secondly, the present invention provides a control method for a controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen blending, as described in any of the above claims. The method involves the ECU control unit dynamically adjusting system parameters according to economic mode, power mode, high-altitude mode, and high-altitude mode. In economic mode, the PEM electrolysis water hydrogen production system is controlled to produce hydrogen slowly at low voltage, the compressor stops working, the hydrogen valve is kept at a small opening, and the oil injection quantity is adjusted to make the rotor run at low load. In power mode, the compressor is started and hydrogen is pressurized. The hydrogen valve is opened to a large degree. The hydrogen-oxygen ratio and fuel injection quantity are adjusted according to the feedback from the hydrogen flow meter and pressure sensor to enable the rotor to operate at medium and high loads. In high-altitude mode, the PEM electrolysis water hydrogen production system is controlled to continuously produce hydrogen at high voltage, the hydrogen gas valve is opened at a large degree, the compressor operates at high load, the hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio is increased, and the fuel injection quantity is adjusted to ensure stable high-load operation of the rotor.

[0022] In high-altitude mode, the PEM electrolysis water hydrogen production system is controlled to continuously produce hydrogen at rated high pressure, the compressor pressurizes hydrogen at full load, the hydrogen valve is opened to the maximum, and hydrogen is directly injected into the combustion chamber; at the same time, the hydrogen-oxygen ratio and fuel injection quantity are adjusted in combination with sensor feedback to ensure stable operation of the rotor at full load.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Compared with existing technologies, this invention has made a systematic breakthrough in addressing the core shortcomings of traditional gasoline rotary engines, and has shown significant technical advantages in terms of high-altitude adaptability, multi-condition operation reliability, all-scenario environmental compliance and comprehensive energy efficiency.

[0024] First, a key breakthrough has been achieved in high-altitude performance. Based on an architecture of "multimodal sensing and monitoring + dynamic hydrogen-oxygen regulation + fuzzy neural network PID algorithm integrating multimodal perception," this invention can automatically adapt the hydrogen-oxygen ratio to high-altitude, low-pressure environments. Leveraging the high combustion rate of hydrogen, it compensates for the incomplete combustion caused by lean air intake, effectively restoring power output and significantly alleviating the range reduction problem of traditional models in high-altitude environments. Under normal operating conditions, by optimizing the hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio, fuel consumption is further reduced, flame propagation efficiency and combustion completeness are improved, and the overall energy efficiency far exceeds that of a single gasoline supply solution.

[0025] Secondly, multi-condition reliability has been significantly enhanced. By constructing an active protection system of "end-to-end control + dynamic parameter adaptation," this invention can capture key signals such as cylinder pressure, temperature, and vibration in real time through multi-dimensional sensors, identifying potential faults such as knocking and component abnormalities in advance, and curbing risks at the source. At the same time, when switching operating conditions, the system adjusts the hydrogen-oxygen ratio and ignition parameters in a coordinated manner, reducing pressure fluctuations and seal wear, significantly reducing the mechanical failure rate, and significantly improving the continuous operation stability of the equipment.

[0026] Finally, environmental performance and scenario adaptability have been comprehensively upgraded. On the one hand, PEM water electrolysis technology enables on-demand preparation and clean supply of hydrogen and oxygen, avoiding the leakage risks associated with traditional fuel storage and transportation, and reducing the introduction of pollutants at the source. On the other hand, relying on a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm that integrates multimodal perception, precise control of hydrogen and oxygen is achieved, improving combustion completeness and reducing the emission of unburned hydrocarbons. This provides strong torque and rapid response for highly mobile operations, while achieving low-emission operation in environmentally controlled areas, and meeting stringent environmental standards without relying on complex after-treatment equipment, significantly expanding the application scenarios of the rotor compressor.

[0027] In summary, this invention, through a dual strategy of "regulation-adaptation," comprehensively solves the collaborative challenges of traditional gasoline rotary engines in terms of high-altitude performance degradation, multi-condition failures, and excessive emissions. It not only provides efficient and clean power solutions for fields such as drones, eVTOL, and high-altitude operation machinery, but also promotes the technological leap of gasoline rotary engine technology from "single performance optimization" to "intelligent adaptation for all scenarios," which has important practical significance for promoting the intelligent and low-carbon development of the power machinery field. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the gasoline rotary engine hydrogen-blended combustion control device described in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the multi-mode adaptive control of a gasoline rotary engine as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Among them, 1-solar panel, 2-power supply device, 3-water tank, 4-pressure sensor, 5-pressure stabilizer, 6-compressor, 7-hydrogen valve, 8-oxygen valve, 9-hydrogen flow meter, 10-gasoline tank, 11-integrated gasoline rotor, 12-condenser, 13-motor, 14-transmission device. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The specific implementation details (such as experimental apparatus, operating procedures, data processing steps, and example parameters) of "a controllable combustion system and control method integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping" provided in this specification are primarily intended for illustrative purposes rather than limiting definitions, aiming to help those skilled in the art thoroughly understand the principles and implementation of the invention. However, those skilled in the art should understand that these details represent only one feasible embodiment, and the core concept of the invention can be fully realized through other technical means or alternative solutions not described in detail, without departing from its spirit and essence. Furthermore, the omission of details of conventional experimental methods and apparatus known in the art in the specification is to avoid redundant information interfering with the understanding of the innovation points. This does not mean that these known technologies are not required during implementation, and those skilled in the art should be able to supplement and apply them based on their professional knowledge.

[0032] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1, Combination Figure 1This embodiment aims to address the technical challenges of existing traditional gasoline rotary engines, including low combustion efficiency in high-altitude environments, poor reliability during multi-condition switching, excessive hydrocarbon emissions, and insufficient adaptability to different operating conditions. Specifically, it proposes a controllable combustion system that integrates intelligent early warning and adaptive hydrogen and oxygen blending for multi-condition operation, addressing issues such as insufficient air intake at high altitudes leading to reduced range, high failure rates caused by pressure fluctuations across multiple operating conditions, the inability of fixed fuel strategies to adapt to diverse scenario requirements, and limited effectiveness in end-of-pipe emission control.

[0034] The controllable combustion system integrates a PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system, a hydrogen and oxygen supply and regulation system, an injection switching system, a combustion regulation system, and an intelligent control system. The PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system is used to produce high-purity hydrogen and oxygen through the water electrolysis reaction. A hydrogen and oxygen supply and control system is connected to the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system to receive and store the hydrogen and oxygen, and to monitor and adjust the supply parameters of hydrogen and oxygen in real time. The injection switching system is connected to the hydrogen and oxygen supply and control system. It is used to receive and adjust the mixing ratio of hydrogen and air, and control the start and stop of the compressor and the hydrogen injection mode according to different working modes.

[0035] The combustion control system, connected to the hydrogen and oxygen supply and control system, receives regulated and monitored hydrogen and oxygen, and forms a mixture in the combustion chamber under the combined action of gasoline injected by the fuel injector and hydrogen and oxygen, which drives the integrated gasoline rotary engine. The mechanical energy generated by combustion is output to an external load through a transmission device, and at the same time drives the motor to generate electricity to achieve energy recovery. The exhaust gas after combustion is condensed through a U-shaped condenser (with dense small holes at the bottom), and the recovered condensate flows back to the water tank to form a water circulation system. The intelligent control system, based on multimodal sensor data and according to the preset or automatically identified working mode, dynamically adjusts the hydrogen and oxygen production rate, hydrogen and oxygen mixing ratio, ignition time, fuel injection quantity and injection method through a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm that integrates multimodal perception, thereby optimizing the coordinated balance between combustion efficiency, power output and emission indicators of the integrated gasoline rotary engine.

[0036] Furthermore, the aforementioned hydrogen and oxygen supply and regulation system includes: A pressure-stabilizing gas tank is used to store high-purity hydrogen produced by the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system. A compressor, connected to the outlet pipeline of a pressure-stabilized gas tank, is used to pressurize hydrogen. Hydrogen and oxygen valves are installed on the hydrogen and oxygen pipelines respectively to regulate the flow rates of hydrogen and oxygen. A hydrogen flow meter is installed downstream of the hydrogen valve to monitor the hydrogen flow rate in real time. Pressure sensors are used to monitor the pressure of hydrogen and oxygen separately or together, and also to ensure that the gas pressure in the system piping is maintained within a safe range.

[0037] Furthermore, the oxygen mentioned above is mixed with air through the intake duct and then enters the combustion control system.

[0038] Furthermore, the mechanical energy generated during the combustion process of the aforementioned integrated gasoline rotary engine is output to an external load through a transmission device.

[0039] Furthermore, the aforementioned intelligent control system is implemented using an ECU control unit. By integrating a multimodal data fusion module, it collects multi-dimensional sensor data from environmental, combustion, supply, and mechanical modes. After feature extraction and dynamic weight allocation, the data is input into a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm to achieve precise dynamic control of hydrogen-oxygen production rate, hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio, ignition time, fuel injection quantity, and injection mode, optimizing the synergistic balance between combustion efficiency, power output, and emission indicators. The fuzzy neural network PID algorithm, which integrates multimodal perception, replaces the traditional single-bias input with multimodal feature vectors. Combined with a condition-adaptive fuzzy rule base and dynamic parameter tuning mechanism, it solves the problems of parameter lag and poor adaptability of traditional PID algorithms under complex operating conditions.

[0040] Furthermore, the aforementioned ECU control unit has multiple preset operating modes, including high-altitude mode, high-altitude mode, power mode, and economy mode; the ECU control unit is configured to automatically identify the current operating condition based on sensor data and switch to the corresponding mode, thereby adopting different hydrogen-oxygen ratio and combustion parameter control strategies.

[0041] The following is combined Figure 1 The operation process of the controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping proposed in this embodiment is described in further detail. This system ensures the efficient and stable operation of the gasoline rotary engine under complex working conditions through the coordinated linkage of various key components: the pipeline pressure of the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system is monitored in real time by pressure sensor 4. Before entering the pressure stabilizing tank 5, the hydrogen needs to be precisely monitored by pressure sensor 4 to maintain a stable pressure, providing a reliable gas source for subsequent stages; at the same time, after the oxygen flow is precisely regulated by oxygen valve 8, it is directly introduced into the intake duct to fully premix with air, so as to increase the intake oxygen concentration and optimize the basic combustion conditions from the source.

[0042] After hydrogen flows out of the pressurized gas tank 5, its supply and pressurization status dynamically switch according to operating conditions: In economy, power, and high-altitude modes, compressor 6 remains off, and hydrogen, after being regulated by hydrogen valve 7, directly enters the intake manifold to form a homogeneous mixture with air and premixed oxygen; while in high-altitude mode, the ECU triggers the compressor to start, pressurizing the hydrogen and sending it into the combustion chamber through the direct injection channel, utilizing the dispersion effect of high-pressure injection to solve the mixing problem of extremely lean air. Throughout the process, hydrogen flow meter 9 collects flow data in real time and feeds it back to the ECU, dynamically adjusting the opening of the hydrogen-oxygen valve based on load and environmental parameters to ensure that the hydrogen-oxygen ratio is always within the optimal range.

[0043] The mechanical energy generated by the integrated gasoline rotor 11 is converted into electrical energy by the motor 13 and used as the main energy source to continuously supply the power supply unit 2 of the PEM water electrolysis system, ensuring the stable operation of the electrolysis reaction. In the high-altitude environment, the thin air enhances the penetration of solar radiation, and the solar panel 1 can fully absorb light energy and convert it into electrical energy, which is simultaneously supplied to the power supply unit. This auxiliary power supply method can improve power reserves, enhance the hydrogen production efficiency of the PEM system, and ultimately help improve the output power of the combustion system to meet the power requirements of the high-altitude environment.

[0044] After the hydrogen-oxygen mixture enters the integrated gasoline rotary engine, it participates in combustion together with the gasoline supplied by the gasoline pump from the gasoline tank 10. The unique combustion chamber design of the rotary engine, combined with the high combustion rate characteristics of hydrogen, can effectively compensate for the combustion defects caused by the thin air at high altitudes. Especially in high-altitude mode, the high-pressure hydrogen directly injected into the cylinder forms a local high-energy combustion core, significantly improving combustion efficiency and power output. The mechanical energy generated by combustion is output to an external load through the transmission device 14, and also drives the motor 13 to generate electricity. The electrical energy flows back to the power supply device 2 to achieve energy recovery. Furthermore, the exhaust gas after combustion is condensed through the U-shaped condenser pipe 12 (with dense small holes at the bottom), and the recovered condensate flows back to the water tank 3, forming a water circulation system. Throughout the system's operation, multi-dimensional sensors, such as pressure sensors and hydrogen flow meters, continuously monitor the working status of each component. If abnormal pipeline pressure or imbalanced air-fuel mixture ratio is detected, the ECU will automatically adjust combustion parameters such as hydrogen-oxygen ratio and fuel injection quantity to prevent potential malfunctions and maintain efficient engine operation. At the same time, the optimized combustion process reduces unburned gas emissions from the source, meeting stringent environmental standards without relying on complex after-treatment equipment, thus balancing high efficiency and cleanliness.

[0045] To achieve high-precision closed-loop control of the hydrogen-oxygen ratio and adapt to complex environments and dynamic requirements under multiple operating conditions, this system employs a neural network fuzzy PID composite control algorithm. This algorithm integrates the real-time precise adjustment characteristics of PID control, the nonlinear uncertainty adaptability of fuzzy logic, and the self-learning and mapping optimization capabilities of neural networks. It effectively solves technical challenges such as control lag, weak anti-interference ability, and poor parameter adaptability caused by uncertainties like thin oxygen, air pressure fluctuations, and sudden changes in operating conditions in high-altitude and high-altitude environments. This ensures real-time dynamic matching of the hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio with the combustion conditions required by the gasoline rotor engine, providing core control support for efficient and clean combustion.

[0046] To achieve precise closed-loop control of the hydrogen-oxygen ratio and adapt to dynamic demands in complex environments, this system employs a fuzzy neural network PID control algorithm. This algorithm combines the self-learning capability of neural networks with the adaptive characteristics of fuzzy inference, and integrates the precise adjustment performance of PID control to form an intelligent control strategy with strong environmental adaptability. This algorithm effectively addresses challenges such as control lag and weak anti-interference capabilities caused by uncertainties like oxygen scarcity and pressure fluctuations in high-altitude and high-altitude environments, ensuring that the hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio is always dynamically matched to the combustion conditions.

[0047] The core of this system is a five-layer feedforward fuzzy neural network, which dynamically adjusts the gain parameters of the PID controller online.

[0048] The system first measures the real-time hydrogen-oxygen ratio error. and its rate of change as input vector .

[0049] In the fuzzification layer, the input is passed through a Gaussian membership function. Mapped to fuzzy quantities, where and This is an adjustable parameter.

[0050] The fuzzy inference layer uses a product rule to calculate the activation strength of each rule. And obtained after normalization ,in, It is the error in the hydrogen-oxygen ratio. The j Membership function of a fuzzy subset It is the rate of change of error The l Membership function of a fuzzy subset.

[0051] The network output layer calculates the real-time adjustment of the PID gain based on this:

[0052] in, For adaptive connection weights.

[0053] The final optimal PID gain is generated by superimposing the base value and the adjustment value:

[0054] The network parameters are learned online using gradient descent, with the squared error as the criterion. To optimize performance indicators and enable the system to continuously adapt to different environments, the tuned gain parameters are substituted into the PID control formula:

[0055] The generated control signal This is used to adjust the power supply voltage of the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system in real time, thereby dynamically changing the hydrogen and oxygen generation rate and achieving precise closed-loop control of the ratio.

[0056] To accurately analyze the performance of the hydrogen-blended gasoline rotor, this embodiment establishes a complete quadratic regression prediction model based on PEM electrolysis hydrogen concentration, intake pressure, intake temperature, and fuel injection quantity. After fitting experimental data, this model can reliably predict the equipment's operating efficiency and provides crucial data support and analytical tools for performance optimization.

[0057] In this embodiment, the key performance parameter of the gasoline rotary engine is efficiency.

[0058]

[0059] in, Hydrogen concentration, P Intake pressure, T Intake air temperature, This refers to the amount of fuel injected. - These are the coefficients of the fitted model.

[0060] Therefore, it can be seen that this invention proposes a controllable combustion technology for gasoline rotary engines based on multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen blending. This technology integrates a PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system, dynamic hydrogen-oxygen regulation, an injection switching system, a system combustion control system, and an intelligent ECU control unit to precisely regulate the combustion process under different operating environments, optimizing combustion efficiency, improving power output, and effectively reducing emissions. The core innovation of this technology lies in achieving dynamic adjustment of the hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio and automatic switching for operating conditions, breaking through the limitations of fixed fuel supply and single-parameter control in traditional gasoline rotary engines.

[0061] The PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system is one of the core components of this invention. It decomposes water molecules into high-purity hydrogen and oxygen through an electrolysis reaction, providing hydrogen for the combustion system. This system boasts advantages such as high-efficiency energy conversion and instantaneous response, enabling the production of high-purity hydrogen at relatively low voltages, ensuring high efficiency and low emissions during combustion. The high responsiveness and stability of the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system allow it to quickly adjust hydrogen production according to the rotor load requirements, ensuring a stable hydrogen supply, especially performing exceptionally well in complex environments such as high altitudes.

[0062] The hydrogen and oxygen supply and control system primarily produces high-purity hydrogen and oxygen through a PEM water electrolysis module. The hydrogen is stored in a pressurized tank, while the oxygen is directly introduced into the intake manifold to mix with air. The supply of hydrogen and oxygen is precisely regulated via hydrogen and oxygen valves to ensure the hydrogen-oxygen ratio in the combustion chamber adapts to different operating conditions. A hydrogen flow meter is also installed to monitor the hydrogen flow in real time, feeding back to the ECU control unit. The ECU then dynamically adjusts the hydrogen-oxygen ratio according to the operating mode to optimize the combustion process and power output.

[0063] To address the demands of different operating modes, this system is equipped with an injection switching system. In Economy, Power, and High Altitude modes, the compressor remains inactive, and hydrogen is directly mixed with air in the intake manifold before entering the combustion chamber, ensuring a balance between combustion completeness and efficiency under low load or normal conditions. However, in high-altitude environments, due to extremely low atmospheric pressure and insufficient intake air volume, the compressor activates, pressurizing hydrogen and injecting it directly into the combustion chamber for thorough mixing and combustion with oxygen. This not only improves combustion efficiency under low-pressure conditions but also significantly enhances power output and engine response speed at high altitudes.

[0064] The combustion control system primarily relies on hydrogen, which is pressurized by a compressor and then enters the integrated gasoline rotary engine to form an ideal gas-fuel mixture with oxygen. This mixture is ignited in the combustion chamber, driving the rotor to generate mechanical energy. Especially in environments with high altitude and low air pressure, the high combustion rate of hydrogen compensates for insufficient combustion caused by thin air, thus significantly improving power output. Under the control of the ECU control unit, the fuel injectors in the system precisely adjust the fuel injection quantity to ensure complete and stable combustion.

[0065] The intelligent control system is primarily based on the ECU (Electronic Control Unit), which is responsible for collecting real-time data from various sensors such as pressure sensors and hydrogen flow meters, and optimizing the hydrogen-oxygen ratio and combustion parameters through algorithms. This unit can automatically adjust its operating status according to different task scenarios such as high-altitude mode, high-altitude mode, power mode, and economy mode. The ECU dynamically adjusts parameters such as hydrogen-oxygen production rate, hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio, ignition timing, and fuel injection quantity to ensure that the engine achieves efficient and stable combustion under various operating conditions.

[0066] Example 2, Combination Figure 2 This embodiment describes how real-time environmental monitoring and parameter evaluation intelligently and smoothly switch between three operating modes to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the gasoline rotary engine under different working conditions. The specific operating mode switching process is as follows: like Figure 2 As shown: In Economy mode, the system aims to reduce energy consumption and improve combustion efficiency, thereby extending the vehicle's range. In this mode, the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system ceases operation and no hydrogen is produced. The rotor engine generates power solely through natural aspiration, the compressor stops running, and the combustion chamber provides power only through the mixing of air and fuel. The ECU control unit adjusts the rotor engine's operating status based on real-time data and environmental changes to ensure complete and efficient combustion, thereby minimizing energy consumption. In this mode, the rotor engine operates at a lower load, optimizing fuel economy and extending the vehicle's endurance.

[0067] When the aircraft enters power mode, the system requires higher thrust to cope with load changes or external environmental factors. In this mode, hydrogen produced by the PEM through low-voltage water electrolysis is mixed with air in the intake duct to form an ideal hydrogen-oxygen mixture. This mixture is precisely controlled in flow rate via a hydrogen valve and then mixed with fuel before entering the combustion chamber. The ECU control unit monitors the hydrogen flow rate in real time and adjusts the hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio based on feedback to ensure optimal combustion. In this mode, the rotor operates in the medium-to-high load range. The addition of hydrogen during combustion promotes complete combustion, increases the rotor's power output, and ensures stable system operation under higher loads.

[0068] When the aircraft enters high-altitude mode, due to the lower external air pressure, the system requires more hydrogen blending to compensate for insufficient combustion efficiency. In this mode, the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system continuously supplies hydrogen at high voltage, with a larger hydrogen valve opening to ensure a sufficient hydrogen supply and further improve combustion efficiency in the combustion chamber. Hydrogen flow is monitored by a hydrogen flow meter to ensure the correct gas-fuel ratio. The system dynamically adjusts via the ECU control unit, enabling the integrated starter-generator gasoline rotary engine to operate stably under higher loads and fully utilize its high efficiency. At this time, the system increases the hydrogen-to-oxygen blending ratio, optimizing the combustion process and enhancing thrust output. Under the control of the fuel injectors, the fuel injection quantity is also precisely adjusted to further improve combustion completeness. In high-altitude mode, the rotary engine can cope with power attenuation issues in high-altitude environments, ensuring stable power output and minimizing emissions.

[0069] In high-altitude mode, the external air pressure is extremely low. To ensure complete combustion and restore power output, the system activates the compressor to pressurize the hydrogen. The hydrogen in the pressure tank, after being pressurized by the compressor, is directly injected into the combustion chamber, mixing with oxygen to form the ideal combustion gas. At this time, the system monitors the flow rate of the pressurized hydrogen in real time through a hydrogen flow meter. The ECU control unit adjusts the hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio based on real-time feedback and ensures the completeness and stability of the combustion process by precisely adjusting the fuel injection quantity and combustion conditions. In high-altitude mode, this pressurized injection process directly injects hydrogen into the cylinder, avoiding mixture stagnation in the intake manifold, fundamentally eliminating the risk of backfire caused by increased intake temperature in high-altitude environments, and improving system safety. Secondly, high-pressure injection causes the hydrogen to form a fine, dispersed distribution in the cylinder, improving the uniformity of mixing with the rarefied air, accelerating the combustion speed, shortening the flame propagation time, and completely solving the problem of incomplete combustion. The system provides more compressed air and hydrogen mixture to ensure sufficient gas supply in the combustion chamber, improving combustion efficiency and overcoming the power loss problem in high-altitude environments.

[0070] In summary, this invention proposes a controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen blending. By deploying a multi-dimensional sensor network and hydrogen-oxygen regulation module in stages around the rotor's intake passage and combustion chamber, combined with PEM electrolysis water production for rapid hydrogen and oxygen supply technology and a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm incorporating multimodal perception, the system achieves dynamic and precise adjustment of the hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio, significantly improving combustion efficiency and power recovery rate in high-altitude environments. Furthermore, it features adaptive switching of multiple combustion modes, achieving synergistic optimization of complete combustion, early fault warning, and clean emissions across all operating conditions. Simultaneously, the system can intelligently adjust the hydrogen-oxygen ratio and combustion parameters according to the task scenario, ensuring energy-saving operation under low loads and rapid response under high loads, thereby significantly improving the rotor's adaptability to complex environments, operational reliability, and environmental performance. This invention breaks through the limitations of traditional rotors' single optimization and fixed control, providing efficient and clean power solutions for drones, low-altitude aircraft, and high-altitude operational machinery, and driving gasoline rotor technology towards intelligence, scenario-based applications, and low-carbon development.

[0071] Furthermore, the present invention also has the following advantages: Advantage 1: Multi-condition adaptive hydrogen-oxygen blending control, breaking through the bottleneck of traditional technology. Breaking away from the limitations of traditional gasoline rotary engines with their single fuel supply and fixed parameter control, this aircraft employs a technological combination of "PEM electrolysis for clean hydrogen production + dynamic injection device + fuzzy neural network PID algorithm integrating multimodal perception" to precisely adapt to four core operating modes: economy, power, high altitude, and high-altitude. In economy, power, and high-altitude modes, the compressor is inactive, and hydrogen is directly mixed with air in the intake duct before entering the combustion chamber, effectively optimizing combustion efficiency under low-load conditions. In high-altitude mode, the compressor starts, and pressurized hydrogen is directly injected into the combustion chamber, compensating for insufficient combustion caused by the thin air in high-altitude, low-pressure environments and significantly restoring power output. Furthermore, the aircraft reduces its dependence on external water sources and effectively reduces the volume of the water tank through an exhaust condensate recovery and circulation system. Combined with this innovative solution, the aircraft can provide efficient and stable power output under various operating conditions, solving the technical challenges of "inefficiency in multiple operating conditions and power loss at high altitudes," while also improving the system's water resource management capabilities.

[0072] Advantage 2: Intelligent switching of combustion modes based on different scenarios, taking into account multiple performance requirements. This invention establishes an intelligent switching mechanism for four combustion modes: economy, power, high altitude, and high-altitude. Based on the actual operating environment and load requirements, it dynamically adjusts the hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio and combustion control parameters. In economy, power, and high altitude modes, the system allows hydrogen to be mixed with air in the intake manifold before entering the combustion chamber without activating the compressor, optimizing fuel economy and stabilizing power output. In high-altitude mode, the compressor is activated, and pressurized hydrogen is directly injected into the combustion chamber, improving combustion efficiency and power recovery capability at high altitudes. This intelligent switching mechanism requires no manual intervention, ensuring the rotor remains in optimal operating condition under various circumstances. It meets the power response speed requirements of special equipment while also considering energy efficiency control in conventional use, achieving a breakthrough in "one model adaptable to multiple scenarios."

[0073] Advantage 3: Optimized value throughout the entire lifecycle, adapting to long-term applications and future needs. From a full life-cycle perspective, this invention achieves multiple value enhancements—cost reduction, adaptability, and expansion—while ensuring performance. Firstly, the clean energy supply method of the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system avoids the storage and transportation costs of traditional externally supplied hydrogen and oxygen, and reduces energy consumption and emissions during combustion at the source, thus reducing subsequent environmental compliance costs. Secondly, in terms of future adaptability, the technical architecture reserves interfaces for linkage with new energy systems, supporting flexible expansion to a "hydrogen-oil-electric" hybrid energy supply mode, meeting the trend of low-carbon and diversified power system development. The aircraft also achieves effective water resource management through an exhaust condensate recovery and circulation system, thereby optimizing the volume and weight of the water tank and further improving the aircraft's efficiency. Especially in high-altitude areas, the aircraft can fully utilize the strong solar radiation environment, using solar panels to provide power to the water electrolysis system. This not only solves the energy demand problem in high-altitude, low-pressure environments but also breaks through the application scenario limitations of traditional gasoline rotary engines, providing broader space for subsequent industrialization and market expansion, fully demonstrating its long-term application value and strategic foresight.

[0074] It should be understood that, when used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0075] The above description of the technical solution provided by the present invention through several specific embodiments is intended to highlight the advantages and benefits of the technical solution provided by the present invention. However, the above-described specific embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention. Any reasonable modifications and improvements to the present invention, reasonable combinations of implementation methods and equivalent substitutions based on the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping, characterized in that, include: The PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system is used to produce high-purity hydrogen and oxygen through the water electrolysis reaction. A hydrogen and oxygen supply and control system is connected to the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system to receive and store the hydrogen and oxygen, and to monitor and adjust the supply parameters of hydrogen and oxygen in real time. The injection switching system is connected to the hydrogen and oxygen supply and control system. It is used to receive and adjust the mixing ratio of hydrogen and air, and control the start and stop of the compressor and the hydrogen injection mode according to different working modes. The combustion control system, connected to the hydrogen and oxygen supply and control system, receives regulated and monitored hydrogen and oxygen, and forms a mixture in the combustion chamber under the combined action of gasoline injected by the fuel injector and hydrogen and oxygen, which drives the integrated gasoline rotary engine. The mechanical energy generated by combustion is output to an external load through a transmission device, and at the same time drives the motor to generate electricity to achieve energy recovery. The exhaust gas after combustion is condensed through a U-shaped condenser with dense small holes at the bottom, and the recovered condensate flows back to the water tank to form a water circulation system. The intelligent control system, based on multimodal sensor data and according to the preset or automatically identified working mode, dynamically adjusts the hydrogen and oxygen production rate, hydrogen and oxygen mixing ratio, ignition time, fuel injection quantity and injection method through a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm that integrates multimodal perception, thereby optimizing the coordinated balance between combustion efficiency, power output and emission indicators of the integrated gasoline rotary engine.

2. The controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen and oxygen supply and regulation system includes: A pressure-stabilizing gas tank (5) is used to store high-purity hydrogen produced from the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system; Compressor (6), connected to the outlet pipeline of pressure stabilizing tank (5), is used to pressurize hydrogen; Hydrogen valve (7) and oxygen valve (8) are respectively installed on hydrogen pipeline and oxygen pipeline to regulate the flow rate of hydrogen and oxygen; A hydrogen flow meter (9) is installed downstream of the hydrogen valve (7) to monitor the hydrogen flow rate in real time. Pressure sensor (4) is used to monitor the pressure of hydrogen and oxygen separately or together.

3. The controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pressure sensor (4) is also used to ensure that the gas pressure in the system pipeline is maintained within a safe range.

4. The controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping according to claim 2, characterized in that, Oxygen is mixed with air through the intake duct before entering the combustion control system.

5. The controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control system is implemented using an ECU control unit. By integrating a multimodal data fusion module, it collects multi-dimensional sensor data from environmental, combustion, supply, and mechanical modes. After feature extraction and dynamic weight allocation, the data is input into a fuzzy neural network PID algorithm that integrates multimodal perception. This enables precise dynamic control of hydrogen-oxygen production rate, hydrogen-oxygen blending ratio, ignition time, fuel injection quantity, and injection mode, optimizing the synergistic balance between combustion efficiency, power output, and emission indicators. The control core of the fuzzy neural network PID algorithm that integrates multimodal perception is a five-layer feedforward fuzzy neural network, which achieves precise control by dynamically adjusting the gain parameters of the PID controller online.

6. The controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping according to claim 5, characterized in that, Real-time hydrogen-oxygen ratio error and its rate of change as input vector ; In the fuzzification layer, the input is passed through a Gaussian membership function. Mapped to fuzzy quantities, where and These are adjustable parameters; The fuzzy inference layer uses a product rule to calculate the activation strength of each rule. And obtained after normalization ; The network output layer calculates the real-time adjustment of the PID gain based on this: in For adaptive connection weights; The final optimal PID gain is generated by superimposing the base value and the adjustment value: The network parameters are learned online using gradient descent, with the squared error as the criterion. Optimize performance metrics to enable the system to have continuous environmental adaptability; Substituting the tuned gain parameters into the PID control formula: The generated control signal This is used to adjust the power supply voltage of the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system in real time, thereby dynamically changing the hydrogen and oxygen generation rate and achieving precise closed-loop control of the ratio.

7. A controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping according to claim 5, characterized in that, The ECU control unit has multiple preset operating modes, including high-altitude mode, high-altitude mode, power mode and economy mode. The ECU control unit is configured to automatically identify the current operating condition based on sensor data and switch to the corresponding mode, thereby adopting different hydrogen-oxygen ratio and combustion parameter control strategies.

8. The controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the concentration of hydrogen produced by PEM electrolysis, intake pressure, intake temperature and fuel injection quantity, a complete quadratic regression prediction model was established. The operating efficiency of the combustion system was obtained after fitting the model with experimental data.

9. A controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping according to claim 8, characterized in that, The operating efficiency is: in, Hydrogen concentration, P Intake pressure, T Intake air temperature, This refers to the amount of fuel injected. - These are the coefficients of the fitted model.

10. A control method for a controllable combustion system integrating intelligent early warning and multi-condition adaptive hydrogen and oxygen doping, as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method involves dynamically adjusting system parameters through the ECU control unit based on economy mode, power mode, high altitude mode, and high altitude mode. In economic mode, the PEM electrolysis water hydrogen production system is shut down, the hydrogen gas valve is kept closed, and power is generated solely by natural gas intake, allowing the rotor to operate at low load. In power mode, the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system slowly produces hydrogen under low voltage. The hydrogen valve opening is small. The hydrogen-oxygen ratio and oil injection quantity are adjusted according to the feedback from the hydrogen flow meter and pressure sensor to enable the rotor to operate at high load. In high-altitude mode, the PEM electrolysis water hydrogen production system is controlled to continuously produce hydrogen at high voltage, the hydrogen gas valve is opened to a large degree, the hydrogen-oxygen mixing ratio is increased, and the oil injection quantity is adjusted to ensure stable operation of the rotor under high load. In high-altitude mode, the PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production system rapidly and continuously produces hydrogen under high voltage. The hydrogen valve is at its maximum opening, the compressor works, and the hydrogen is directly injected into the combustion chamber to ensure complete combustion and restore power output.

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