Dual weighing precipitation measurement sensor and precipitation measurement method

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-weighing precipitation measurement sensor and a precipitation measurement method, wherein the measurement sensor comprises a base, a bracket, a water collection hopper, an automatic flow guide mechanism, an automatic weighing module, an automatic drainage module and a controller, and the bracket is arranged on the base; a liquid inlet of the automatic flow guide mechanism corresponds to a liquid outlet of the water collecting hopper; the number of the automatic weighing modules is multiple, the multiple automatic weighing modules are all located below the automatic flow guide mechanism, the automatic flow guide mechanism is provided with multiple liquid distribution openings, the liquid distribution openings and liquid inlets of the automatic weighing modules are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence mode, and each automatic weighing module is provided with one automatic drainage module. The method has the technical effects that the rainfall amount is converted by directly and continuously measuring the collected rainfall mass, the measured mass is the real cumulant of rainfall, and meanwhile, the rainfall intensity at an instant time period or a certain time period can be calculated; the method is not influenced by rainfall intensity and rainfall type changes, and a foundation is provided for high-precision and full-type rainfall measurement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precipitation measurement technology, specifically to a dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor and a precipitation measurement method. Background Technology

[0002] Rainfall observation is a fundamental task in meteorology, hydrology, environmental monitoring, and disaster prevention and mitigation. Accurate and reliable precipitation data are of vital importance for weather forecasting, water resource management, flood warning, and climate change research.

[0003] Currently, tipping bucket rain gauges are among the most widely used and technologically mature automatic rainfall measurement instruments globally. Their basic working principle is as follows: Rainwater is collected through a receiving inlet and flows through a guide funnel into a double-tip (or single-tip) assembly that can rotate around an axis. When one tipping bucket reaches a preset volume of rainwater, its center of gravity shifts, causing the bucket to tip over, emptying the water, while the other tipping bucket becomes the receiving bucket. Each tipping action triggers a switching element such as a reed switch or Hall effect sensor to generate an electrical pulse signal. By accumulating the number of pulses, the corresponding rainfall amount can be calculated. Tipping bucket rain gauges are widely used due to their simple structure, low cost, and ability to achieve unattended automatic continuous observation. However, due to limitations in their inherent mechanical structure and working principle, tipping bucket rain gauges suffer from a series of inherent defects in measurement accuracy, environmental adaptability, and intelligence, which mainly include:

[0004] 1. Dynamic Measurement Error (Tilting Bucket Loss Error): This is the most significant systematic error caused by the working principle. During the tipping process, rainwater continues to flow into the bucket as it rotates, but this rainwater is not effectively counted in the current measurement cycle or the next measurement, leading to a systematic underestimation of the measured value. This error is positively correlated with rainfall intensity; the greater the rainfall intensity, the higher the tipping frequency per unit time, the more rainwater is lost during the tilting process, and the greater the measurement deviation.

[0005] 2. Resolution and measurement range limitations:

[0006] Fixed resolution: Its minimum measurement resolution (e.g., 0.1mm or 0.5mm) is determined by the physical volume of the tipping bucket. For minute amounts of rainfall (e.g., drizzle) below this resolution, the sensor cannot detect and record them, resulting in a loss of "initial rainfall." Additionally, factors such as mechanical friction may cause the tipping bucket to fail to tip in time under critical conditions.

[0007] Limited range of rainfall intensity adaptability: Under extremely heavy rainfall intensity, the water flow velocity is too fast, which may cause the tipping bucket to not be able to fully reset in time or to roll abnormally and continuously, which will destroy the measurement logic and seriously affect the measurement accuracy under high rainfall intensity. The existing structure is difficult to maintain high accuracy over a wide range (from light rainfall to extreme rainstorms).

[0008] 3. Environmental disturbance factors have a significant impact:

[0009] Wind disturbance impact: The tipping bucket's rotation is based on precise torque balance. In strong winds, the wind force will directly act on the tipping bucket or water collector, interfering with its normal rotation and introducing additional errors.

[0010] Evaporation loss: Water retained at the inlet, the inner wall of the funnel, and the surface of the tipping bucket will evaporate naturally. Under conditions of high temperature, low humidity, and intermittent rainfall, this evaporation loss accumulates, leading to a significant underestimation of the cumulative rainfall.

[0011] 4. Limited functionality and low level of intelligence: Traditional tipping bucket sensors are essentially mechanical counters that can only measure liquid precipitation and cannot distinguish precipitation forms (such as snow and hail). They also lack the ability to analyze precipitation process curves (instantaneous changes in intensity) with high resolution, resulting in low dimensionality and intelligence in data output.

[0012] In summary, although tipping bucket rain gauges are widely used, their limitations in accuracy, environmental robustness, measurement range, and intelligent sensing are becoming increasingly apparent. Especially given the need to address extreme weather events and conduct refined meteorological and hydrological modeling, developing a new precipitation measurement technology and device that can overcome these shortcomings is an urgent technical requirement and has significant application value. Summary of the Invention

[0013] To address these issues, the present invention provides a dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor and a precipitation measurement method, thereby resolving the aforementioned problems in the prior art.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0015] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor includes a base, a bracket, a water collection hopper, an automatic flow guiding mechanism, an automatic weighing module, an automatic drainage module, and a controller, wherein the bracket is disposed on the base;

[0016] The water collection hopper, the automatic flow guiding mechanism, the automatic weighing module, and the controller are all mounted on the bracket. The automatic flow guiding mechanism is located below the water collection hopper, and the inlet of the automatic flow guiding mechanism is corresponding to the outlet of the water collection hopper.

[0017] The number of automatic weighing modules is multiple, and all of the automatic weighing modules are located below the automatic flow guiding mechanism. The automatic flow guiding mechanism is provided with multiple liquid distribution ports, and each liquid distribution port is configured to correspond one-to-one with the liquid inlet of the automatic weighing module. Each automatic weighing module is also provided with an automatic drainage module.

[0018] The automatic flow guiding mechanism, the automatic weighing module, and the automatic drainage module are all connected to the controller.

[0019] Furthermore, the automatic weighing module includes a first weighing mechanism and a second weighing mechanism. The first weighing mechanism includes a first water tank and a first weighing sensor. The first weighing sensor is located at the bottom of the first water tank, and the top of the first water tank is open.

[0020] The second weighing mechanism includes a second water tank and a second weighing sensor. The second weighing sensor is located at the bottom of the second water tank, and the top of the second water tank is open.

[0021] Both the first weighing sensor and the second weighing sensor are connected to the controller.

[0022] Furthermore, the automatic drainage module includes a first drainage mechanism and a second drainage mechanism. The first drainage mechanism includes a first drainage pump and a first drainage pipe. The inlet of the first drainage pump is connected to the outlet of the first drainage pipe. The inlet of the first drainage pipe extends from the top of the first water tank to the bottom of the first water tank.

[0023] The second drainage mechanism includes a second drainage pump and a second drainage pipe. The inlet of the second drainage pump is connected to the outlet of the second drainage pipe, and the inlet of the second drainage pipe extends from the top of the second water tank to the bottom of the second water tank.

[0024] Both the first drainage pump and the second drainage pump are connected to the controller.

[0025] Furthermore, the automatic flow guiding mechanism includes a flow divider and a motor. The flow divider has a flow guide groove along its length direction. Both ends of the flow guide groove are open, and the two ends of the flow guide groove are respectively located above the first water tank and the second water tank.

[0026] The bottom of the splitter is provided with a rotating shaft along its width direction, and the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bracket.

[0027] The motor is mounted on the bracket, the output shaft of the motor is connected to the rotating shaft, and the motor is connected to the controller.

[0028] Furthermore, guide plates are provided at both ends of the guide channel, and the guide plates are arranged along the width direction of the guide channel.

[0029] Furthermore, the controller is equipped with a wireless communication module and an external interface.

[0030] Furthermore, it also includes a support and a power module, the support being disposed on the top of the base, and the automatic weighing module being disposed on the support;

[0031] The power module includes a battery and a charger. The battery is mounted on the bracket and is electrically connected to the controller.

[0032] Furthermore, it also includes a vision module and a heating mechanism, the vision module being mounted on the bracket and used to observe the condition inside the water collection hopper;

[0033] The heating mechanism is located on the side wall of the water collection hopper, and both the vision module and the heating mechanism are electrically connected to the controller.

[0034] The present invention has the following advantages: it converts the collected precipitation mass into precipitation amount by direct and continuous measurement, and the measured mass is the true cumulative amount of precipitation. At the same time, it can calculate the precipitation intensity at an instant or over a certain period of time. The device is not affected by changes in precipitation intensity (such as rainstorm or drizzle) and precipitation type (such as rain, snow, hail), providing a basis for high-precision, all-type precipitation measurement.

[0035] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a precipitation measurement method is provided, which uses the precipitation measurement sensor described in the first aspect for measurement, and the specific measurement method steps are as follows:

[0036] S1. Device installation and startup: Place the measuring device horizontally and stably in the outdoor standard observation field, and connect the power supply; initialize the system with the controller, drive the diverter to align the guide channel with the first water tank, and put the second water tank in an empty standby state.

[0037] S2. Continuous measurement and switching: The rainwater collected by the water collection hopper is introduced into the first water tank through the diverter. The first weighing sensor monitors its mass increment in real time and continuously sends the data to the controller. The controller calculates the rainfall increment in real time and accumulates the rainfall.

[0038] When the first water tank reaches its preset maximum capacity, a switching operation is performed: the diverter is rotated to direct the rainwater into the second water tank, and the second weighing sensor starts working simultaneously; at the same time, the first drainage pump is started to empty the water in the first water tank; subsequently, the first water tank is emptied and then switched to standby mode.

[0039] S3. Cyclic Operation and Data Output: When the second water tank reaches its maximum capacity, the diverter switches back to the first water tank and starts the second drainage pump to empty the second water tank; this cycle repeats, enabling continuous measurement of the precipitation process.

[0040] Throughout the process, the controller not only accumulates the precipitation in real time, but also dynamically calculates the precipitation intensity based on the increase in precipitation per unit time.

[0041] S4. Data Processing and Transmission: The controller performs temperature compensation and filtering on the collected quality data to calculate the final precipitation amount and precipitation intensity value.

[0042] Furthermore, the formula for calculating the increase in precipitation is as follows:

[0043] ;

[0044] Where ΔP is the increase in precipitation, in mm; Δm is the measured increase in precipitation mass, in g; and ρ is the density of water, in g / cm³. 3 S represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the top of the water collection hopper, in meters. 2 ;

[0045] The formula for calculating cumulative precipitation is as follows:

[0046] ;

[0047] Where P is the cumulative precipitation in mm, and ΔP is the increase in precipitation in mm;

[0048] The formula for calculating precipitation intensity is as follows:

[0049] ;

[0050] Where I is the precipitation intensity, in mm / min or mm / h; ΔP is the precipitation increment, in mm; and Δt is the time, in min or h.

[0051] This invention has the following advantages: it realizes a fully automated process from data acquisition, processing to output; based on the principle of direct mass measurement, it ensures high accuracy and high resolution of measurement results under various conditions, from trace rainfall to extreme rainstorms and from liquid to solid states; at the same time, the seamless switching weighing system ensures the continuity of data, while the real-time calculated precipitation intensity provides richer information on the precipitation process, greatly improving the technical level and application value of precipitation observation. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0053] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. illustrated in this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed herein, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a frontal perspective view of a dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional back view of a dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 This is a front view of a dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 Rear view of a dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor provided for some embodiments of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the shunt of a dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of each system module of the dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0060] In the diagram: 1. Base, 2. Support, 3. Bracket, 4. First drain pump, 5. Second drain pump, 6. Controller, 7. First drain pipe, 8. Second drain pipe, 9. First water tank, 10. Second water tank, 11. Diverter, 12. Water collection hopper, 13. First weighing sensor, 14. Second weighing sensor, 15. Guide channel, 16. Guide plate, 17. Rotating shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor in the first aspect embodiment of the present invention includes a base 1, a bracket 3, a water collection hopper 12, an automatic diversion mechanism, an automatic weighing module, an automatic drainage module, and a controller 6, with the bracket 3 mounted on the base 1.

[0064] The water collection hopper 12, automatic diversion mechanism, automatic weighing module and controller 6 are all mounted on the bracket 3. The automatic diversion mechanism is located below the water collection hopper 12. The inlet of the automatic diversion mechanism and the outlet of the water collection hopper 12 are set to correspond to each other to ensure that all the collected rainwater can flow into the liquid distribution mechanism.

[0065] There are multiple automatic weighing modules, all located below the automatic flow guiding mechanism. The automatic flow guiding mechanism has multiple liquid distribution ports, each corresponding to the liquid inlet of each automatic weighing module. Each automatic weighing module also has an independent automatic drainage module.

[0066] The automatic diversion mechanism, automatic weighing module, and automatic drainage module are all connected to the controller 6, which coordinates and controls their operation. The entire device calculates the precipitation by measuring the mass increment of the collected precipitation in real time.

[0067] In this embodiment, it should be noted that a support 2 and a power module are also included. The support 2 is set on the top of the base 1, and the automatic weighing module is set on the support 2 to stably support the automatic weighing module.

[0068] The power module includes a battery and a charger. The battery is mounted on the bracket 3 and is electrically connected to the controller 6, providing stable power to the entire device and ensuring its long-term continuous operation in outdoor environments without mains power.

[0069] The technical effect achieved by this embodiment is as follows: the precipitation amount is converted by directly and continuously measuring the collected precipitation mass, and the measured mass is the true cumulative amount of precipitation. At the same time, the precipitation intensity at an instant or over a certain period of time can be calculated. The device is not affected by changes in precipitation intensity (such as heavy rain or drizzle) and precipitation type (such as rain, snow, hail), providing a foundation for high-precision, all-type precipitation measurement.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor provided in this embodiment has the same structure as in Embodiment 1. Only the different parts are described below.

[0072] In this embodiment, the automatic weighing module includes a first weighing mechanism and a second weighing mechanism, forming a dual weighing system. The first weighing mechanism includes a first water tank 9 and a first weighing sensor 13. The first weighing sensor 13 is located at the bottom of the first water tank 9, and the top of the first water tank 9 is open to receive the rainwater collected by the water collection hopper 12.

[0073] The second weighing mechanism includes a second water tank 10 and a second weighing sensor 14. The second weighing sensor 14 is located at the bottom of the second water tank 10, and the top of the second water tank 10 is open.

[0074] The first weighing sensor 13 and the second weighing sensor 14 are both connected to the controller 6. The first weighing sensor 13 and the second weighing sensor 14 are two independent high-precision weighing sensors. Specifically, the first weighing sensor 13 and the second weighing sensor 14 can be strain gauge type or electromagnetic force balance type sensors. Using such high-precision weighing sensors can achieve very high measurement resolution and accuracy. Typically, the resolution can reach 0.01mm or even higher, which is much higher than the resolution of common tipping bucket rain gauges (0.1mm or 0.5mm).

[0075] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the automatic drainage module includes a first drainage mechanism and a second drainage mechanism. The first drainage mechanism includes a first drainage pump 4 and a first drainage pipe 7. The inlet of the first drainage pump 4 is connected to the outlet of the first drainage pipe 7. The inlet of the first drainage pipe 7 extends from the top of the first water tank 9 to the bottom of the first water tank 9. The first drainage pump 4 is used to discharge the water in the first water tank 9 through the first drainage pipe 7.

[0076] The second drainage mechanism includes a second drainage pump 5 and a second drainage pipe 8. The inlet of the second drainage pump 5 is connected to the outlet of the second drainage pipe 8. The inlet of the second drainage pipe 8 extends from the top of the second water tank 10 to the bottom of the second water tank 10. The second drainage pump 5 is used to discharge the water in the second water tank 10 through the second drainage pipe 8.

[0077] The first drainage pump 4 and the second drainage pump 5 are both connected to the controller 6.

[0078] The technical advantages achieved by this embodiment are as follows: By employing a dual weighing system that operates alternately, while one water tank is being measured, the other can be used for drainage or as a backup, thus ensuring continuous measurement. Throughout the measurement process, the water tank remains stationary, eliminating the frequent mechanical movement components found in tipping-type sensors. This significantly improves the long-term reliability and stability of the system and reduces malfunctions caused by mechanical wear and jamming.

[0079] Example 3

[0080] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor provided in this embodiment has the same structure as that in Embodiment 2. Only the different parts are described below.

[0081] In this embodiment, the automatic diversion mechanism includes a diverter 11 and a motor. The diverter 11 is provided with a diversion groove 15 along its length. The bottom of the diversion groove 15 is arc-shaped. The depth of the diversion groove 15 is the greatest in the middle and then gradually becomes shallower towards both ends. The two ends of the diversion groove 15 are open, and the two ends of the diversion groove 15 are respectively located directly above the first water tank 9 and the second water tank 10.

[0082] The bottom of the splitter 11 is provided with a rotating shaft 17 along its width direction, and the rotating shaft 17 is rotatably connected to the bracket 3;

[0083] The motor is mounted on the bracket 3, and its output shaft is connected to the rotating shaft 17 via a coupling or gear set. The motor is also connected to the controller 6 to receive control signals to precisely rotate the diverter 11 and switch the direction of water flow.

[0084] In this embodiment, it should be noted that guide plates 16 are provided at both ends of the guide channel 15 to ensure that the rainwater can be accurately guided into the center of the water tank and reduce splashing. To avoid errors caused by external rainwater (such as that blown in by the wind) entering the water tank directly without passing through the water collection hopper 12, a shield can be set at the bottom of the water collection hopper 12. The shield covers the upper parts of the diverter 11, the first water tank 9, and the second water tank 10. In addition, the diverter 11 can also be controlled to rotate by an electromagnet. Specifically, iron plates can be set on both sides of the rotating shaft 17, and two electromagnets can be set at the corresponding positions of the support 3 below it. During use, by controlling the energization of one electromagnet, the corresponding iron plate can be attracted by the corresponding electromagnet, thereby controlling the rotation of the diverter 11.

[0085] The measurement principle of the entire device is as follows: Rainwater collected by the collection hopper 12 is introduced into the diverter 11 and guided to the currently working water tank (e.g., the first water tank 9) under the control of the controller. As the rainwater accumulates, the corresponding high-precision weighing sensor (the first weighing sensor 13) converts the mass into an electrical signal in real time and transmits it to the controller 6. The controller 6 records the mass of the rainwater in real time. When the liquid level of the first water tank 9 (judged by mass) reaches a preset threshold, the controller 6 instructs the motor to rotate the diverter 11, switching the subsequent rainwater into the second water tank 10 for continued measurement. At the same time, the first drainage pump 4 is started to empty the first water tank 9. The two systems alternate in this cycle to achieve uninterrupted continuous measurement.

[0086] The technical effect achieved by this embodiment is that the sensor outputs a continuous change value of water mass, rather than a discrete number of "bu" (a unit of volume). This allows the device to not only accurately calculate the cumulative precipitation, but also to capture the instantaneous mass change rate at each moment through high-frequency sampling, thereby accurately calculating the instantaneous precipitation intensity. This feature enables the device to realistically and with high resolution reproduce the subtle change curves of the precipitation process, providing data support that traditional equipment cannot match for refined meteorological and hydrological analysis and short-term heavy rain warnings.

[0087] Example 4

[0088] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor provided in this embodiment has the same structure as in Embodiment 1. Only the different parts are described below.

[0089] In this embodiment, the controller 6 integrates a wireless communication module (such as 4G / 5G, LoRa, NB-IoT, etc.) and standard external interfaces (such as RS485, Ethernet), which can realize remote real-time transmission and remote control of measurement data.

[0090] In this embodiment, it should be noted that a vision module and a heating mechanism are also included. The vision module (such as a miniature camera) is mounted on the bracket 3, with its lens aimed at the water collection hopper 12, or directly mounted on the inner wall of the water collection hopper 12, for remote observation of whether there are foreign objects blocking the water collection hopper or the accumulation of solid precipitation. The heating mechanism (such as an electric heating wire or membrane) is arranged around the side wall and funnel of the water collection hopper 12, and is electrically connected to the controller 6. When the ambient temperature is detected to be below the freezing point or the vision module identifies solid precipitation, the controller can automatically or remotely start heating to melt snow, hail, etc. into liquid water for measurement, thereby realizing the automated measurement of solid precipitation.

[0091] Furthermore, to address measurement errors caused by evaporation, this device can employ anti-evaporation oil technology, covering the water collection container with a layer of light mineral oil. This oil layer forms an isolation film that effectively inhibits water evaporation, especially under conditions of high temperature and intermittent rainfall, ensuring the accuracy of cumulative precipitation measurement.

[0092] To ensure measurement accuracy under all-weather temperature conditions, the device is also equipped with a high-precision temperature sensor. The controller 6 performs real-time compensation in two aspects based on the data from the temperature sensor: first, it corrects the density of the water according to the water temperature; second, it compensates for the temperature drift (temperature drift) of the weighing sensor itself.

[0093] The technical effects achieved by this embodiment are as follows: it breaks through the limitation that tipping bucket rain gauges can only effectively measure liquid precipitation, and realizes integrated, automated, and high-precision monitoring of all types of precipitation such as rain, snow, hail, and sleet; with integrated anti-evaporation, temperature compensation, and remote monitoring functions, it fundamentally and systematically eliminates the various inherent errors of traditional mechanical rain gauges when measuring solid precipitation, dealing with heavy rainfall, and complex environments, and significantly improves the reliability and usability of observation data.

[0094] Example 5

[0095] The precipitation measurement method in the second aspect of the present invention uses the precipitation measurement sensor in the first aspect for measurement, and the specific measurement method steps are as follows:

[0096] S1. Installation and Start-up of the Device: Place the measuring device horizontally and stably in the outdoor standard observation field and connect the power supply; the controller 6 initializes the system and drives the diverter 11 to align the diversion channel with one of the water tanks (such as the first water tank 9), while the other water tank (the second water tank 10) is in an empty standby state.

[0097] S2. Continuous measurement and switching: The precipitation collected by the water collection hopper 12 is introduced into the first water tank 9 through the diverter 11. The first weighing sensor 13 monitors its mass increment in real time and continuously sends the data to the controller 6. The controller 6 calculates the precipitation increment in real time and accumulates the precipitation.

[0098] When the controller 6 determines that the first water tank 9 has reached the preset maximum capacity based on the mass data, it performs a switching operation: controls the drive motor to rotate the diverter 11 to guide the rainwater into the second water tank 10; at the same time, it starts the first drainage pump 4 to empty the water in the first water tank 9; then, the second weighing sensor 14 starts working, and the first water tank 9 switches to standby mode after being emptied.

[0099] S3. Cyclic operation and data output: When the second water tank 10 reaches its maximum capacity, the diverter 11 switches back to the first water tank 9 and starts the second drainage pump 5 to empty the second water tank 10; this cycle alternates to achieve seamless and continuous measurement of the precipitation process.

[0100] Throughout the process, controller 6 not only accumulates the precipitation in real time, but also dynamically calculates the precipitation intensity based on the increase in precipitation per unit time.

[0101] S4. Data Processing and Transmission: The controller 6 performs temperature compensation, filtering, and other processing on the collected quality data to calculate the final precipitation and precipitation intensity values. These data can be sent to a remote data center in real time via the wireless communication module or output locally via the external interface.

[0102] In this embodiment, it should be noted that the calculation formulas for the increase in precipitation in steps S2 and S3 during the measurement process are as follows:

[0103] ;

[0104] Where ΔP is the increase in precipitation, in mm; Δm is the measured increase in precipitation mass, in g; and ρ is the density of water, in g / cm³. 3 S represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the top of the water collection hopper 12, in meters. 2 Since the cross-sectional area S at the top of the water collection hopper 12 is fixed and known, the precipitation increment ΔP is proportional to the mass Δm. The controller can accumulate the cumulative precipitation in real time by monitoring the mass increment and calculate the precipitation intensity.

[0105] The formula for calculating cumulative precipitation is as follows:

[0106] ;

[0107] Where P is the cumulative precipitation in mm, and ΔP is the increase in precipitation in mm;

[0108] The formula for calculating precipitation intensity is as follows:

[0109] ;

[0110] Where I is the precipitation intensity, in mm / min or mm / h; ΔP is the precipitation increment, in mm; and Δt is the time, in min or h.

[0111] The technical effects achieved by this embodiment are as follows: it realizes a fully automated process from data acquisition, processing to output; based on the principle of direct mass measurement, it ensures high accuracy and high resolution of measurement results under various conditions, from trace rainfall to extreme rainstorms and from liquid to solid states; at the same time, the seamless switching weighing system ensures the continuity of data, while the real-time calculated precipitation intensity provides richer information on the precipitation process, greatly improving the technical level and application value of precipitation observation.

[0112] Although the present invention has been described in detail above with general descriptions and specific embodiments, modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0113] The terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor, characterized in that, It includes a base (1), a bracket (3), a water collection hopper (12), an automatic diversion mechanism, an automatic weighing module, an automatic drainage module, and a controller (6), wherein the bracket (3) is mounted on the base (1); The water collection hopper (12), the automatic flow guiding mechanism, the automatic weighing module and the controller (6) are all mounted on the bracket (3). The automatic flow guiding mechanism is located below the water collection hopper (12). The inlet of the automatic flow guiding mechanism and the outlet of the water collection hopper (12) are respectively positioned to correspond to each other. The number of automatic weighing modules is multiple, and all of the automatic weighing modules are located below the automatic flow guiding mechanism. The automatic flow guiding mechanism is provided with multiple liquid distribution ports, and each liquid distribution port is configured to correspond one-to-one with the liquid inlet of the automatic weighing module. Each automatic weighing module is also provided with an automatic drainage module. The automatic flow guiding mechanism, the automatic weighing module and the automatic drainage module are all connected to the controller (6).

2. The dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automatic weighing module includes a first weighing mechanism and a second weighing mechanism. The first weighing mechanism includes a first water tank (9) and a first weighing sensor (13). The first weighing sensor (13) is located at the bottom of the first water tank (9), and the top of the first water tank (9) is open. The second weighing mechanism includes a second water tank (10) and a second weighing sensor (14). The second weighing sensor (14) is located at the bottom of the second water tank (10), and the top of the second water tank (10) is open. Both the first weighing sensor (13) and the second weighing sensor (14) are connected to the controller (6).

3. The dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The automatic drainage module includes a first drainage mechanism and a second drainage mechanism. The first drainage mechanism includes a first drainage pump (4) and a first drainage pipe (7). The inlet of the first drainage pump (4) is connected to the outlet of the first drainage pipe (7). The inlet of the first drainage pipe (7) extends from the top of the first water tank (9) to the bottom of the first water tank (9). The second drainage mechanism includes a second drainage pump (5) and a second drainage pipe (8). The inlet of the second drainage pump (5) is connected to the outlet of the second drainage pipe (8). The inlet of the second drainage pipe (8) extends from the top of the second water tank (10) to the bottom of the second water tank (10). Both the first drainage pump (4) and the second drainage pump (5) are connected to the controller (6).

4. The dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The automatic flow guiding mechanism includes a flow divider (11) and a motor. The flow divider (11) has a flow guide groove (15) along its length. Both ends of the flow guide groove (15) are open, and the two ends of the flow guide groove (15) are respectively located above the first water tank (9) and the second water tank (10). The bottom of the splitter (11) is provided with a rotating shaft (17) along its width direction, and the rotating shaft (17) is rotatably connected to the bracket (3); The motor is mounted on the bracket (3), the output shaft of the motor is connected to the rotating shaft (17) for transmission, and the motor is connected to the controller (6).

5. The dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The guide channel (15) has guide plates (16) at both ends, and the guide plates (16) are arranged along the width direction of the guide channel (15).

6. The dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controller (6) is equipped with a wireless communication module and an external interface.

7. The dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a support (2) and a power module, wherein the support (2) is disposed on the top of the base (1) and the automatic weighing module is disposed on the support (2); The power module includes a battery and a charger. The battery is mounted on the bracket (3) and is electrically connected to the controller (6).

8. The dual-weighing precipitation measurement sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a vision module and a heating mechanism. The vision module is mounted on the bracket (3) and is used to observe the situation inside the water collection hopper (12). The heating mechanism is located on the side wall of the water collection hopper (12), and both the vision module and the heating mechanism are electrically connected to the controller (6).

9. A method for measuring precipitation, wherein the precipitation measuring sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is used for measurement, characterized in that, The specific measurement method and steps are as follows: S1. Installation and Start-up of the Device: Place the measuring device horizontally and stably in the outdoor standard observation field and turn on the power; the controller (6) initializes the system and drives the diverter (11) to align the diversion channel with the first water tank (9), while the second water tank (10) is in the empty standby state; S2, Continuous measurement and switching: The precipitation collected by the water collection bucket (12) is introduced into the first water tank (9) through the diverter (11). The first weighing sensor (13) monitors its mass increment in real time and continuously sends the data to the controller (6). The controller (6) calculates the precipitation increment in real time and accumulates the precipitation. When the first water tank (9) reaches the preset maximum capacity, a switching operation is performed: the diverter (11) is rotated to introduce the rainwater into the second water tank (10), and the second weighing sensor (14) starts working synchronously; at the same time, the first drainage pump (4) is started to drain the water in the first water tank (9); then, the first water tank (9) is emptied and switched to standby mode. S3. Cyclic operation and data output: When the second water tank (10) reaches its maximum capacity, the diverter (11) switches back to the first water tank (9) and starts the second drainage pump (5) to empty the second water tank (10); this cycle alternates to achieve continuous measurement of the precipitation process; Throughout the process, the controller (6) not only accumulates the precipitation in real time, but also dynamically calculates the precipitation intensity based on the increase in precipitation per unit time. S4. Data processing and transmission: The controller (6) performs temperature compensation and filtering on the collected quality data and calculates the final precipitation amount and precipitation intensity value.

10. The precipitation measurement method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The formula for calculating the increase in precipitation is as follows: ； Where ΔP is the increase in precipitation, in mm; Δm is the measured increase in precipitation mass, in g; and ρ is the density of water, in g / cm³. 3 S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the top of the water collection hopper (12), in m³. 2 ; The formula for calculating cumulative precipitation is as follows: ； Where P is the cumulative precipitation in mm, and ΔP is the increase in precipitation in mm; The formula for calculating precipitation intensity is as follows: ； Where I is the precipitation intensity, in mm / min or mm / h; ΔP is the precipitation increment, in mm; and Δt is the time, in min or h.

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