A lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical models

Abstract

This invention discloses a lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical models, relating to the fields of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and digital operation and maintenance technology. The method includes: identifying and extracting core mechanical parameters of electromechanical devices using feature extraction algorithms; generating a lightweight geometric model based on these parameters using geometric topology simplification technology; constructing a mechanical motion logic database storing the parameters and their motion relationships; and associating and encapsulating the two to form the final model. This method, by separating and integrating geometric simplification and logical preservation, reduces the amount of model data while fully preserving the mechanical motion characteristics of the equipment. The generated model has bidirectional mapping capabilities, supporting both virtual simulation and operation pre-visualization, as well as real-time synchronization with the physical equipment status, providing a lightweight, high-fidelity model foundation for digital twin applications in the operation and maintenance phase.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building information modeling and digital operation and maintenance technology, specifically a lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical models. Background Technology

[0002] In the entire lifecycle of a building, the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase is the longest and most costly; BIM technology provides the core data carrier for achieving intelligent O&M. However, the high-precision, high-completeness BIM construction models created in the design phase face significant challenges when directly used for O&M management:

[0003] (1) Large amount of data: The design model contains rich details and its file size is huge. It loads slowly on lightweight platforms such as Web and mobile terminals, and the interaction is sluggish, making it difficult to meet the operation and maintenance needs of real-time inspection and rapid positioning.

[0004] (2) Incompatible information structure: The design model focuses on geometric representation and construction and installation, but lacks a structured description of dynamic information such as equipment operating status parameters, motion logic relationships, and maintenance operation characteristics that are crucial to the operation and maintenance phase. For example, for a complex air valve, the design model can show the fine geometry of all blades and connecting rods, but it is not easy to directly express the linkage angle relationship between blades, the transmission speed ratio of the actuator, and the operating stroke of the manual over-control device;

[0005] (3) Disconnect between visualization and simulation: Existing lightweight methods mostly adopt simple geometric simplification, such as mesh reduction and instantiation. Although the model size is reduced, the mechanical motion characteristics of the equipment are seriously lost, resulting in the simplified model becoming a static decoration, which is not easy to support the simulation and reverse data mapping of equipment start-up, shutdown, adjustment, failure and other working conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical models to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical models includes the following steps:

[0009] S1. For the target composite mechanical device, based on its design data or physical scan data, the core mechanical parameters of the ventilation and regulation assembly in the device are identified and extracted by feature extraction algorithm; the core mechanical parameters include at least the movement range parameters of the blade group, the speed ratio parameters of the transmission mechanism, and the stroke data of the emergency operation components.

[0010] S2. Based on the core mechanical parameters extracted in step S1, the complex mechanical structure of the composite mechanical device is simplified and modeled using geometric topology simplification technology to generate a lightweight geometric model. The simplified modeling simplifies or abstracts the internal non-critical structure while maintaining the overall external contour and key interface dimensions.

[0011] S3. Establish a mechanical motion logic database associated with the lightweight geometric model; the mechanical motion logic database is used to store the core mechanical parameters extracted in step S1, and to define the linkage relationship between blades, the contact characteristics and motion constraints between components in the transmission mechanism, and the spatial positioning information and operating posture of emergency operation components.

[0012] S4. The lightweight geometric model is associated and encapsulated with the mechanical motion logic database to form the final lightweight BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model. This model supports loading and visualization on the operation and maintenance platform, and can drive the model components to perform state updates and motion simulations by querying the mechanical motion logic database according to the input driving parameters or received entity sensor data, thereby realizing a two-way mapping between model operation simulation and entity device state.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, the feature extraction algorithm automatically identifies and classifies the blade group, transmission mechanism and emergency operation components by analyzing the three-dimensional geometric features and assembly constraint relationship of the composite mechanical device, and then extracts the core mechanical parameters from their kinematic pair definition or parameterized driving relationship.

[0014] Preferably, in step S2, the geometric topology simplification technique specifically includes:

[0015] For blade groups with repetitive structural features, a parameterized blade unit and its array rules and motion range are used to represent them;

[0016] For the transmission mechanism consisting of internal gears and connecting rods, a simplified contour model is used to represent it in combination with the speed ratio relationship between its input and output ends.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the mechanical motion logic database stores data in a structured form, including at least:

[0018] The blade linkage table is used to record the angular linkage equations or linkage ratios between blades;

[0019] The transmission relationship table is used to record the speed ratio and motion transmission path of each stage of the transmission mechanism;

[0020] An emergency operation component location table is used to record the spatial coordinates and operating direction vectors of manual operating levers and valve handwheels.

[0021] Preferably, in step S4, the bidirectional mapping includes forward mapping and reverse mapping; the forward mapping is to input operation commands or parameters in the model simulation environment, and drive the lightweight geometric model to make corresponding movements through the mechanical motion logic database to simulate the operation process of the physical device; the reverse mapping is to receive real-time operating data from the sensors of the physical device, parse the data into the state parameters of the corresponding model parts according to the mechanical motion logic database, and update the display state of the lightweight geometric model to reflect the real-time working condition of the physical device.

[0022] Preferably, the method further includes: in the lightweight BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model formed in step S4, visually rendering or three-dimensionally annotating the spatial positioning information and operation posture of the emergency operation component, so that the specific location and operation mode of the manual operation component can be clearly identified in the operation and maintenance platform, so as to directly verify the compatibility between the physical maintenance toolkit and the operation space.

[0023] Preferably, in step S4, the file format output by the lightweight BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model supports parsing and rendering in the BIM operation and maintenance platform and the mobile terminal 3D visualization engine, so as to support browsing, querying and status monitoring of mechanical structures on mobile devices.

[0024] Preferably, the mechanical motion logic database stores the transmission mechanism speed ratio and blade linkage parameters, which are used to drive the model components to perform linkage motion in simulation calculations.

[0025] Preferably, in step S2, when performing equivalent simplified modeling, non-load-bearing structural components or decorative shells that do not affect the overall motion logic and external interference checks are omitted or simplified using bounding boxes.

[0026] Preferably, the mechanical motion logic database is constructed using a lightweight data structure and is configured to be loaded asynchronously with the lightweight geometric model, so as to further improve the loading speed and interaction performance of the model in a low computing power environment.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0028] This invention proposes a technical architecture that separates "feature extraction-logic modeling" from "geometric simplification-data encapsulation". It uses intelligent algorithms to identify and extract the core motion parameters and mechanical relationships of the device, and then uses this as a guide to perform semantically simplified reconstruction. This fundamentally changes the limitation of traditional lightweighting that only focuses on graphical optimization, and realizes a paradigm shift from "geometric detail restoration" to "functional logic abstraction". This allows the generated lightweight model to have significantly reduced geometric complexity while retaining the core functional semantics and kinematic information in a complete and structured manner.

[0029] The lightweight model generated by this invention based on the above architecture breaks through the limitations of static 3D display and has the functions of dynamic simulation and virtual-real interaction. Its embedded mechanical motion logic database makes the model a functional carrier that can be driven and calculated, and can directly support realistic simulation of various working conditions such as equipment start-up and shutdown adjustment, linkage process, emergency operation and fault pre-drilling. At the same time, its bidirectional mapping mechanism not only allows virtual operation commands to drive the model to provide visual feedback, but also enables the real-time operation data of the physical equipment to be back-synchronized to the model state, thus constructing a closed-loop data flow of the operation and maintenance digital twin.

[0030] The model generated by this invention is adapted to the requirements of modern intelligent operation and maintenance for lightweight, mobile and integrated operation and maintenance. The model file is small in size and has a light rendering load. Moreover, its logical data can be loaded asynchronously, ensuring smooth loading and interactive experience in environments with limited computing power, such as web pages and mobile devices. In addition, the standardized output format enables it to be widely compatible with various mainstream BIM operation and maintenance platforms and 3D visualization systems, realizing seamless connection from professional design tools to general operation and maintenance scenarios, and significantly reducing the cost of technology integration. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is an overall flowchart of the lightweighting method of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the bidirectional mapping application of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To further explain the technical solution of the present invention, a detailed description is provided below through specific embodiments.

[0034] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 This invention provides a lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical models, comprising the following steps:

[0035] S1. Core Mechanical Parameter Extraction: For target composite mechanical devices (with ventilation and regulation assemblies as a typical example), a feature extraction algorithm is run based on the original design model (such as a parametric CAD model) or high-precision solid scan point cloud data. This algorithm intelligently identifies and extracts key movable component groups in the device by analyzing the geometric features, assembly constraints, and kinematic pair definitions of the model. These include blade groups, transmission mechanisms (such as gearboxes and linkage groups), and emergency operation components (such as manual operating levers and handwheels). The extracted core mechanical parameters include at least: the angular movement range of the blade group (minimum / maximum opening), the speed ratio of each stage of the transmission mechanism (input speed / output speed ratio), and the linear or rotary stroke data of the emergency operation components.

[0036] S2. Geometric Topology Simplification Modeling: Based on the parameters extracted in step S1, geometric topology simplification techniques are applied to reconstruct the original complex mechanical structure using equivalent simplification methods; this process is a semantic simplification based on mechanical principles.

[0037] For the blade group, identify its repeating array features, simplify it into a representative parameterized blade unit, and record its array number, position and common motion range obtained in step S1, so as to represent the entire blade array with very few patches.

[0038] For the transmission mechanism, its complex internal gears, bearings and other structures are simplified into a simplified shell model that represents its external contour, and the positions of the input shaft and output shaft are marked on the model; the complex internal motion relationship is expressed at the logical level by the speed ratio parameters extracted in step S1.

[0039] The overall principle is to keep the size of the equipment's external interface, maximum external contour, and interference inspection boundaries with surrounding equipment unchanged, while significantly omitting or abstracting the non-load-bearing structures that do not affect motion logic and are not critical for maintenance (such as replacing complex shells with enclosure boxes).

[0040] S3. Construction of Mechanical Motion Logic Database: Create an independent structured database associated with the lightweight geometric model generated in step S2; this database stores and organizes all the core mechanical parameters extracted in step S1, and further defines the logical relationships between components:

[0041] Blade linkage relationship: Record the angle synchronization or sequential linkage equation between multiple blades (e.g., blade 1 angle = blade 2 angle × coefficient K);

[0042] Transmission contact characteristics: Define the starting point (e.g., motor shaft), path (through which simplified components), and ending point (e.g., final drive rod) of the transmission chain, and associate them with the corresponding speed ratio parameters;

[0043] Emergency operation component spatial logic: accurately records the spatial coordinates of manual operation components, operating axes (such as push-pull direction vectors, rotation axes), and their engagement / disengagement relationship with the main drive system (such as disengaging from motor drive after the operating lever is pressed).

[0044] S4. Lightweight Model Encapsulation and Mapping: This involves associating and encapsulating the lightweight geometric model with the mechanical motion logic database to generate a complete lightweight BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model file or data package; this model has bidirectional mapping capabilities.

[0045] Forward mapping (simulation driven): In the operation and maintenance platform, the user inputs a command (such as "set the opening to 50%), the platform queries the motion logic database, calculates the appropriate position of each level of transmission mechanism and blade, and drives the corresponding parts in the lightweight geometric model to deform or displace, and performs visual simulation.

[0046] Reverse mapping (state synchronization): Sensors on physical devices (such as angle encoders and displacement sensors) upload data to the operation and maintenance platform in real time; the platform parses the sensor data into state parameters of specific components in the model (such as the angle of a certain axis) based on the motion logic database, and immediately updates the display state of that component in the lightweight geometric model, thereby realizing the state synchronization between the 3D model and the physical world.

[0047] Furthermore, in the lightweight geometric model, the position and operation direction of the emergency operation components are enhanced and visualized through highlighted colors, 3D annotations, or dynamic icons, enabling maintenance personnel to quickly identify the operation points in the model.

[0048] Furthermore, the lightweight model is output using a common or mainstream standard format (such as gITF, OBJ combined with JSON metadata) to ensure compatibility with various BIM operation and maintenance management platforms and WebGL / mobile 3D rendering engines.

[0049] Furthermore, the mechanical motion logic database is stored using a lightweight key-value pair or relational table structure and can be separated from the geometric model file, supporting asynchronous loading over the network to adapt to low-bandwidth or mobile device environments.

[0050] Example: Lightweighting of a model of the air valve regulating assembly of a combined air conditioning unit in a large public building.

[0051] This embodiment applies the method of the present invention to lightweight a complex air valve containing multiple linked blades, electric actuators and manual over-control mechanisms, for use in a mobile operation and maintenance APP.

[0052] S1. Extraction of core mechanical parameters:

[0053] Input: The original three-dimensional parametric design model of the damper (STEP format);

[0054] process:

[0055] 1. The feature extraction algorithm automatically identifies all blade entities in the model, analyzes their rotation axes, and calculates that the uniform rotation range of all blades is 0° (fully closed) to 90° (fully open).

[0056] 2. The algorithm identifies that the output rod of the electric actuator is connected to a set of linkage transmission mechanisms. By analyzing the geometric dimensions and fit relationship of the gears and linkages, it calculates that the total transmission ratio from the rotation of the actuator output shaft to the rotation of the first blade is 30:1 (that is, the actuator rotates 30 degrees and the blade rotates 1 degree), and identifies that the blades are synchronously linked in a 1:1 ratio through the linkage.

[0057] 3. The algorithm locates the manual control lever and calculates the linear travel (50mm) and rotational travel (180°) required to pull it from the "locked" position to the "unlocked" position and rotate it.

[0058] Output: Structured parameter list: {blade group: {motion range: [0,90], linkage mode: 1:1 synchronization}, transmission mechanism: {total speed ratio: 30:1}, emergency operation component: {stroke: [linear 50mm, rotation 180°], spatial positioning: [coordinates XYZ]}}.

[0059] S2. Simplified geometric topology modeling:

[0060] process:

[0061] 1. Blade assembly simplification: The original 12 complex curved surface blades are simplified into a single parameterized rectangular thin plate as the representative blade; the ID of the representative blade, its rotation axis position, and the note "This component represents a blade array consisting of 12 blades with a motion range of 0-90 degrees and 1:1 synchronous linkage" are recorded in the model data.

[0062] 2. Simplified transmission mechanism: The complex internal gear set and linkage mechanism are all replaced with a simple gray linkage abstract model, which connects the actuator and the representative blade; this abstract model does not have the details of real gears, but only represents the transmission path;

[0063] 3. Emergency operation components are preserved: The geometry of the manual operating lever is fully preserved, as it is the direct point of interaction for maintenance operations;

[0064] 4. Non-critical structure omission: Remove all structures such as the decorative mesh cover on the outside of the damper and the non-load-bearing reinforcing ribs inside;

[0065] Output: A lightweight geometric model composed of minimalist facets, with a file size only 5% of the original model.

[0066] S3, Construction of Mechanical Motion Logic Database:

[0067] Procedure: Create a JSON-formatted database file and store it alongside the lightweight geometry model file (e.g., .gITF). The JSON-formatted database file is as follows:

[0068] {

[0069] “device_id”: “AHU-01_Damper",

[0070] “motion_logic": {

[0071] “blade_array": {

[0072] “representative_component_id": “blade_rep",

[0073] “count": 12,

[0074] “motion_range_deg": [0, 90],

[0075] “linkage_equation": “blade_1_angle = blade_2_angle =... =blade_rep_angle"

[0076] },

[0077] “transmission": {

[0078] “input_component_id": “actuator_output",

[0079] “output_component_id": “blade_rep_driver",

[0080] “gear_ratio": 30

[0081] },

[0082] “manual_override": {

[0083] “component_id": “manual_lever",

[0084] “position_xyz": [1000, 500, 2000],

[0085] “operation_vector": [0, 1, 0], / / Pull along the Y-axis

[0086] “travel_mm": 50,

[0087] "rotation_axis": [0, 0, 1], / / Rotation around the Z-axis

[0088] “rotation_deg”: 180

[0089] }

[0090] }

[0091] }

[0092] S4, Lightweight Model Encapsulation and Mapping Applications:

[0093] Encapsulation: Package the .gITF geometry file with the aforementioned .JSON logic file, or embed the logic data within it using the extended functionality of .gITF, to form the final deliverable.

[0094] Application Scenario 1: Virtual Operation Training (Forward Mapping)

[0095] The operations and maintenance trainees open this lightweight model in the tablet's app;

[0096] He set the air valve opening to 70% on the interface slider;

[0097] The APP reads the motion logic database and calculates that the blade needs to rotate to 63° (70% * 90°), and the actuator needs to output 1890° of rotation (63° * 30).

[0098] The app drives a lightweight geometric model: when the abstract link rotates, the angle representing the blade is updated to 63°, and a prompt pops up on the interface: "Current status: Actuator is running".

[0099] Application Scenario 2: Remote Status Monitoring (Reverse Mapping):

[0100] The actuator of the field air valve has a built-in angle sensor that transmits data back in real time: "Current output shaft angle: 1500°";

[0101] Data is sent to the operation and maintenance cloud platform via an IoT gateway;

[0102] The cloud platform calls the motion logic database corresponding to the air valve for analysis: the output shaft 1500° corresponds to a blade angle of 50° (1500° / 30).

[0103] The cloud platform immediately pushed the status "blade angle: 50° (approximately 56% opening)" to the engineer who was viewing the 3D model of the device on the webpage. The representative blade in the model automatically rotated to the 50° position, achieving synchronization between the virtual and real worlds.

[0104] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the lightweight model generated by the method of the present invention, with its extremely simplified geometric expression, fully carries the motion logic of the equipment, providing efficient and practical digital assets for BIM-based deep intelligent operation and maintenance.

[0105] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM operation electromechanical model lightening method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. For the target composite mechanical device, based on its design data or physical scan data, the core mechanical parameters of the ventilation and regulation assembly in the device are identified and extracted by feature extraction algorithm; the core mechanical parameters include at least the movement range parameters of the blade group, the speed ratio parameters of the transmission mechanism, and the stroke data of the emergency operation components. S2. Based on the core mechanical parameters extracted in step S1, the complex mechanical structure of the composite mechanical device is simplified and modeled using geometric topology simplification technology to generate a lightweight geometric model. The simplified modeling simplifies or abstracts the internal non-critical structure while maintaining the overall external contour and key interface dimensions. S3. Establish a mechanical motion logic database associated with the lightweight geometric model; the mechanical motion logic database is used to store the core mechanical parameters extracted in step S1, and to define the linkage relationship between blades, the contact characteristics and motion constraints between components in the transmission mechanism, and the spatial positioning information and operating posture of emergency operation components. S4. The lightweight geometric model is associated and encapsulated with the mechanical motion logic database to form the final lightweight BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model. This model supports loading and visualization on the operation and maintenance platform, and can drive the model components to perform state updates and motion simulations by querying the mechanical motion logic database according to the input driving parameters or received entity sensor data, thereby realizing a two-way mapping between model operation simulation and entity device state. In step S1, the feature extraction algorithm automatically identifies and classifies the blade group, transmission mechanism and emergency operation components by analyzing the three-dimensional geometric features and assembly constraint relationship of the composite mechanical device, and then extracts the core mechanical parameters from its kinematic pair definition or parameterized driving relationship. In step S2, the geometric topology simplification technique specifically includes: for blade groups with repetitive structural features, a parameterized blade unit and its array rules and motion range are used to represent them; for transmission mechanisms composed of internal gears and connecting rods, a simplified contour model is used in combination with the speed ratio relationship between its input and output ends to represent them. In step S4, the bidirectional mapping includes forward mapping and reverse mapping; the forward mapping is to input operation commands or parameters in the model simulation environment, and drive the lightweight geometric model to make corresponding movements through the mechanical motion logic database to simulate the operation process of the physical device; the reverse mapping is to receive real-time running data from the sensors of the physical device, parse the data into the state parameters of the corresponding model parts according to the mechanical motion logic database, and update the display state of the lightweight geometric model. In step S2, when performing equivalent simplified modeling, non-load-bearing structural components or decorative shells that do not affect the overall motion logic and external interference checks are omitted or simplified using bounding boxes.

2. The lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the mechanical motion logic database stores data in a structured form, including at least: The blade linkage table is used to record the angular linkage equations or linkage ratios between blades; The transmission relationship table is used to record the speed ratio and motion transmission path of each stage of the transmission mechanism; An emergency operation component location table is used to record the spatial coordinates and operating direction vectors of manual operating levers and valve handwheels.

3. The lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: in the lightweight BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model formed in step S4, visually rendering or three-dimensionally annotating the spatial positioning information and operating posture of the emergency operation component.

4. The lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the file format output by the lightweight BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model supports parsing and rendering in the BIM operation and maintenance platform and the mobile terminal 3D visualization engine.

5. The lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical motion logic database stores the transmission mechanism speed ratio and blade linkage parameters, which are used to drive the model components to perform linked motion in simulation calculations.

6. The lightweight method for BIM operation and maintenance electromechanical model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mechanical motion logic database is constructed using a lightweight data structure and is configured to be loaded asynchronously with the lightweight geometric model.

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