Ka-frequency-band 500W high-efficiency light-weight conduction type space traveling wave tube

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microwave vacuum electronic devices, and discloses a Ka-frequency-band 500W high-efficiency and light-weight conduction type space traveling wave tube which comprises a bottom plate, an electron gun body, an interaction structure, a collector body, an input energy transmission system and an output energy transmission system, and the electron gun body, the interaction structure, the collector body and the input energy transmission system are installed on the bottom plate. A frame-type support is arranged in the middle of the bottom plate to enhance supporting. In the interaction structure, the clamping rods are distributed in a delta shape and are in cambered surface contact with the spiral line, and the contact thermal resistance is reduced in cooperation with the thread pitch jump design of the spiral line; the output energy transmission system is of a box-shaped window structure, an output inner conductor of the output energy transmission system is made of annealed oxygen-free copper with a hole in the center, the end of the output inner conductor is designed to be small in outer diameter, thermal stress is released, and the risk of cracking between the output inner conductor and an output antenna is avoided. And the collector body is internally provided with a plurality of stages of voltage reduction electrodes for recovering energy. By optimizing the heat dissipation path and the structural stress design, the problems of heat dissipation bottleneck and window failure of the high-power traveling wave tube are solved, and the reliability and the output power of the device are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of microwave vacuum electronic device technology, specifically a Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube. Background Technology

[0002] As a core power amplifier component in satellite communication and microwave transmission systems, the traveling wave tube (TWT) directly determines the quality and coverage of signal transmission. With the development of aerospace payload technology towards high throughput and long lifespan, more stringent requirements are being placed on the continuous wave output power, electronic efficiency, and environmental adaptability of TWTs. However, in the process of increasing the power level of devices, existing structural designs have revealed several technical bottlenecks that urgently need to be addressed. First, in the core interaction region, conventional helices are usually supported by dielectric rods with a triangular cross-section. This structure mainly exhibits line contact at the contact surface, resulting in narrow heat conduction channels and excessive interfacial thermal resistance. The high-frequency loss heat generated by the helical line and the electron interception heat are difficult to conduct quickly to the tube shell, easily leading to structural deformation or even burnout due to localized overheating, severely limiting the power capacity of the device. Second, the traditional uniform pitch design struggles to maintain continuous synchronization between the microwave field and the electron beam when dealing with the gradual decay of electron beam energy, limiting further improvement in the overall tube interaction efficiency and causing more energy to be converted into waste heat. Furthermore, the power transmission window component, which serves as the throat of energy output, generates dielectric loss and ohmic loss when subjected to high-power microwave transmission. Due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the inner conductor metal material and the window ceramic material, thermal stress that is difficult to release can easily accumulate at the connection interface during high-temperature manufacturing processes and on-orbit thermal cycling, leading to microcracks or airtightness failure of the ceramic window, which cannot meet the high reliability standards for devices in space applications. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube, which solves the problems of high contact thermal resistance of the spiral slow wave circuit leading to heat dissipation difficulties, limited beam-wave interaction efficiency, and brittle failure of the output window due to thermal stress accumulation in existing high-power traveling wave tubes.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube, comprising: a die, which includes an electron gun body and a collector body, wherein an interaction structure is fixedly connected to the opposite side of the electron gun body and the collector body, an input power supply system is provided on the upper right side of the interaction structure, and an output power supply system is provided on the front left side of the interaction structure; a base plate, which is used to support the die and conduct heat away; and a housing mounting structure, which includes a front cover and a rear cover, wherein the front cover is located on the upper right side of the base plate, and the rear cover is located on the upper left side of the base plate.

[0005] Preferably, a bracket is installed in the middle of the base plate, the bracket is a frame structure, an input cover is installed on the upper part of the front cover, a front cover plate and a rear cover plate are installed at both ends of the base plate respectively, a flange frame is installed at the front of the rear cover, and a lead wire post is provided on the upper part of the front cover plate, the lead wire post is a hollow structure.

[0006] Preferably, the collecting electrode body includes a collecting electrode cylinder, which is fixedly connected to the upper left side of the base plate. A collecting electrode ceramic body is fixedly connected inside the collecting electrode cylinder. A first collecting electrode is fixedly connected to the right side inside the collecting electrode ceramic body. A second collecting electrode is fixedly connected to the right side of the middle part of the collecting electrode ceramic body. A third collecting electrode is fixedly connected to the left side of the middle part of the collecting electrode ceramic body. A fourth collecting electrode is fixedly connected to the left side inside the collecting electrode ceramic body.

[0007] Preferably, the electron gun body includes a gun shell, and a core assembly is disposed inside the gun shell. An anode is disposed at one end of the core assembly, and an electron gun tube is disposed at the other end of the core assembly. The electron gun body adopts a high compression ratio and low pulsation laminar flow design.

[0008] Preferably, the interaction structure includes a shell, a clamping rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell, and a helix is ​​fixedly connected to one end of the clamping rod. The helix adopts a pitch-jumping design, including positive pitch jump, negative pitch jump, or double pitch jump. The surface of the helix is ​​provided with an electroplated layer. The clamping rods are distributed in a triangular pattern, and the contact surface between the clamping rods and the helix is ​​designed as an arc surface to increase the contact area.

[0009] Preferably, the output power transmission system includes a flange, which is disposed inside a flange frame. A sapphire window ceramic plate is welded to the rear side of the flange, and a window frame is disposed outside the sapphire window ceramic plate. A fixing cylinder is fixedly connected to the rear side of the flange. An impedance transformer is disposed inside the window frame. A short-circuit connector, an output inner conductor, and an output antenna are disposed behind the impedance transformer. The output inner conductor and the output antenna are connected by high-temperature brazing.

[0010] Preferably, the traveling wave tube has a single tube output power greater than 500W, a total efficiency greater than 65%, and a total tube weight less than 2.5kg.

[0011] Preferably, a collecting electrode rear cover is provided on the left side of the collecting electrode body, collecting electrode ceramic pillars are evenly arranged around the left side of the collecting electrode rear cover, and a collecting electrode array is fixedly connected to the left side of the collecting electrode rear cover.

[0012] Preferably, the first, second, third, and fourth collecting electrodes are all made of oxygen-free copper material, and the collecting electrode ceramic body is made of heat-treated beryllium oxide material.

[0013] Preferably, the output inner conductor is made of annealed oxygen-free copper material, with a central opening, and the connection end with the output antenna adopts a small outer diameter design; the impedance transformer and the short-circuit connector are made of oxygen-free copper material, and the output power transmission system adopts a box-shaped window structure.

[0014] Working Principle: During operation, electrons emitted from the core assembly inside the electron gun body are accelerated and focused under the electric field constructed by the anode, forming a high-energy-density electron beam that enters the interaction structure. Externally input microwave signals are coupled into the input power supply system and transmitted along a spiral. The spiral acts as a slow-wave circuit, reducing the microwave phase velocity and ensuring synchronous motion and energy exchange with the electron beam. The kinetic energy of the electron beam is continuously converted into microwave field energy. Combined with the spiral's pitch-hopping design, this further enhances the interaction efficiency. The amplified high-power microwave signal enters the output power supply system, is guided by the output inner conductor and output antenna, and is output outwards through the sapphire window ceramic plate. After completing the interaction, the electron beam enters the collecting electrode body, where it is decelerated and collected in stages by the collecting electrode electrodes at different potentials, achieving energy recovery. Simultaneously, the heat generated by the interaction structure is conducted to the tube shell through the arc-contact clamping rod, and the heat generated by the collecting electrode is conducted to the collecting electrode cylinder. Both heat and heat are ultimately concentrated on the base plate and dissipated outwards, maintaining the thermal balance of the traveling wave tube.

[0015] This invention provides a Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube. It has the following advantages: 1. This invention improves high-frequency interaction efficiency and heat dissipation performance by employing an arc-shaped contact design between the clamping rod and the helix, combined with a pitch-jumping structure of the helix. The arc-shaped design increases the contact area, reduces contact thermal resistance, and solves the heat dissipation bottleneck under high-power operating conditions. The pitch-jumping design optimizes the synchronization between the electron beam and the microwave field, thereby achieving high-power, high-efficiency microwave signal output while ensuring the thermal stability of the device.

[0016] 2. This invention employs a box-shaped window structure and an optimized output inner conductor design in the output power transmission system. By using an annealed oxygen-free copper inner conductor with a central opening and a small outer diameter at the end, the thermal stress generated during high-temperature brazing and high-power operation can be released, avoiding the risk of cracking between the output inner conductor and the output antenna. Combined with the high thermal conductivity and low loss characteristics of the sapphire window ceramic sheet, the risk of window breakage is avoided, thereby ensuring the structural reliability and electrical performance of the traveling wave tube under broadband, high-power output conditions.

[0017] 3. This invention combines multi-stage step-down collector technology with lightweight conductive heat dissipation structure design, achieving high efficiency and lightweight of the entire tube. By recycling waste electron energy through multi-stage electrodes, the overall efficiency is greatly improved. At the same time, by utilizing the combined design of the base plate, bracket and shell, while meeting the strict weight restrictions of space applications, an efficient heat conduction path is established from the internal components to the base plate, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the traveling wave tube in a vacuum environment. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the outer casing of the present invention being opened; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the die of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the electron gun of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the packaging structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the collecting electrode system of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the output power transmission system of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the packaging structure components of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the high-frequency cross-section of the present invention.

[0019] The components are as follows: 1. Outer casing mounting structure; 2. Core; 3. Base plate; 4. Electron gun body; 5. Interaction structure; 6. Collector electrode body; 7. Input power supply system; 8. Output power supply system; 9. Gun housing; 10. Core assembly; 11. Anode; 12. Electron gun tube array; 13. Front cover; 14. Rear cover; 15. Input cover; 16. Front cover plate; 17. Lead post; 18. Flange frame; 19. Bracket; 20. Rear cover plate; 21. First collector electrode; 2. Second collecting electrode; 23. Third collecting electrode; 24. Fourth collecting electrode; 25. Collecting electrode ceramic body; 26. Collecting electrode cylinder; 27. Collecting electrode rear cover; 28. Collecting electrode ceramic column; 29. ​​Collecting electrode array; 30. Flange; 31. Sapphire window ceramic plate; 32. Fixing cylinder; 33. Window frame; 34. Impedance transformer; 35. Short-circuit connector; 36. Output inner conductor; 37. Output antenna; 38. Tube shell; 39. Clamping rod; 40. Helical wire. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0021] Please see the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 8 This invention provides a Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube, comprising: a die 2, which includes an electron gun body 4 and a collector body 6, with an interaction structure 5 fixedly connected to opposite sides of the electron gun body 4 and the collector body 6; an input power supply system 7 disposed on the upper right side of the interaction structure 5, and an output power supply system 8 disposed on the front left side of the interaction structure 5; a base plate 3, which supports the die 2 and conducts heat away; and a housing mounting structure 1, comprising a front cover 13 and a rear cover 14, with the front cover 13 disposed on the upper right side of the base plate 3 and the rear cover 14 disposed on the lower right side of the base plate 3. On the upper left side of the base plate 3, the electron gun body 4 includes a gun shell 9. Inside the gun shell 9, a core assembly 10 is provided. An anode 11 is provided at one end of the core assembly 10, and an electron gun tube 12 is provided at the other end of the core assembly 10. The electron gun body 4 adopts a high compression ratio and low pulsation laminar flow design. The single tube output power of the traveling wave tube is greater than 500W, the total efficiency is greater than 65%, and the weight of the whole tube is less than 2.5kg. A collector electrode rear cover 27 is provided on the left side of the collector electrode body 6. Collector electrode ceramic pillars 28 are evenly arranged around the left side of the collector electrode rear cover 27. A collector electrode tube 29 is fixedly connected to the left side of the collector electrode rear cover 27.

[0022] The die 2, as the core component for microwave signal amplification, enhances signal power through energy exchange between the electron beam and the microwave field. The electron gun body 4 emits and accelerates electrons to form a high-energy electron beam, providing energy for microwave amplification. Its high compression ratio and low-pulsation laminar flow design achieves a high current density and stable flow state in the electron beam, improving the electron beam throughput and interaction efficiency. Specifically, the gun housing 9 forms a vacuum shell and supports the interior. The gun core assembly 10 emits the electron beam, which, in conjunction with the electric field formed by the anode 11, accelerates and focuses the electrons, allowing the electron beam to smoothly enter the interaction region. The electron gun tube 12 maintains the high vacuum state inside. The interaction structure 5 moves synchronously with the electron beam, allowing the microwave field to benefit from it. Energy is extracted to achieve an amplification effect; the input power system 7 is responsible for coupling low-power signals into the tube with low loss, while the output power system 8 outputs the amplified high-power signals and isolates them from the vacuum environment; the collector body 6 is used to collect waste electrons and recover some energy to improve the overall tube efficiency, and the collector rear cover 27 on it seals the end; the collector ceramic pillar 28 serves as insulation support and prevents high-voltage breakdown; the collector tube array 29 is used to obtain internal cleanliness and vacuum; in terms of support and protection, the base plate 3 supports the die 2 and works with the satellite thermal control system to quickly conduct and dissipate heat, ensuring stable operation of the device and extending its lifespan; the front cover 13 and the rear cover 14 cover the die 2, providing dust protection and protecting the internal precision components from physical damage.

[0023] Please see the appendix Figure 2 - Appendix Figure 8 A bracket 19 is installed in the middle of the base plate 3. The bracket 19 is a frame structure. An input cover 15 is installed on the upper part of the front cover 13. A front cover 16 and a rear cover 20 are installed at both ends of the base plate 3, respectively. A flange frame 18 is installed at the front of the rear cover 14. A lead post 17 is provided on the upper part of the front cover 16. The lead post 17 is a hollow structure.

[0024] The bracket 19 provides auxiliary support and fixation to the middle of the tube core 2, improving the vibration and impact resistance of the entire tube structure. Its frame structure reduces component weight while ensuring strength. The input cover 15, in conjunction with the front cover 13, limits and seals the input end, preventing external impurities from entering and ensuring mechanical stability. The front cover 16 and the rear cover 20 work together to enclose the front and rear ends of the equipment, forming a complete physical protection space and enhancing the rigidity of the overall structure. The flange frame 18, in conjunction with the rear cover 14, reinforces the output connection, ensuring the structural strength of the interface. The lead post 17 fixes and constrains the cable to prevent loosening, improving the reliability of the electrical connection. Its hollow structure design further reduces the overall tube weight.

[0025] Please see the appendix Figure 5 - Appendix Figure 6The collecting electrode body 6 includes a collecting electrode cylinder 26, which is fixedly connected to the upper left side of the base plate 3. A collecting electrode ceramic body 25 is fixedly connected inside the collecting electrode cylinder 26. A first collecting electrode 21 is fixedly connected to the right side inside the collecting electrode ceramic body 25. A second collecting electrode 22 is fixedly connected to the right side of the middle part of the collecting electrode ceramic body 25. A third collecting electrode 23 is fixedly connected to the left side of the middle part of the collecting electrode ceramic body 25. A fourth collecting electrode 24 is fixedly connected to the left side inside the collecting electrode ceramic body 25. The first collecting electrode 21, the second collecting electrode 22, the third collecting electrode 23 and the fourth collecting electrode 24 are all made of oxygen-free copper material. The collecting electrode ceramic body 25 is made of heat-treated beryllium oxide material.

[0026] The collecting electrode 26 encloses the internal components and acts as a heat transfer medium, transferring heat to the base plate 3, thereby protecting the internal precision electrode components and assisting in overall tube heat dissipation. The collecting electrode ceramic body 25 provides mechanical support and electrical insulation for the internal electrodes at each stage, and, with its high thermal conductivity, conducts heat to the collecting electrode 26, preventing high-voltage breakdown and improving overall heat dissipation efficiency. The first collecting electrode 21, together with the second collecting electrode 22, the third collecting electrode 23, and the fourth collecting electrode 24, forms a multi-stage voltage reduction collecting structure. Through the staged collection of interacting electrons, a soft landing is achieved, suppressing secondary electron emission and maximizing the recovery of remaining energy, thus improving the overall efficiency of the traveling wave tube. The application of oxygen-free copper material utilizes its excellent electrical and thermal conductivity to reduce losses, while the heat-treated beryllium oxide material achieves high-efficiency thermal conductivity while ensuring high-voltage insulation.

[0027] Please see the appendix Figure 9 The interaction structure 5 includes a shell 38, with a clamping rod 39 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell 38. A spiral 40 is fixedly connected to one end of the clamping rod 39. The spiral 40 adopts a pitch-jumping design, including positive pitch jump, negative pitch jump, or double pitch jump. The surface of the spiral 40 is provided with an electroplated layer. The clamping rods 39 are distributed in a triangular pattern. The contact surface between the clamping rods 39 and the spiral 40 and the shell 38 is designed as an arc surface to increase the contact area.

[0028] The tube shell 38, through a vacuum-sealed cavity forming the interaction section and providing mechanical support, ensures stable operation of internal components in a vacuum environment and isolation from external electromagnetic interference. The clamping rod 39, while supporting and fixing the spiral 40, conducts its heat to the tube shell 38, preventing the spiral 40 from deforming due to overheating and ensuring the thermal stability of the traveling wave tube. The spiral 40, as a slow-wave circuit, reduces the phase velocity of the microwave electromagnetic field and achieves energy exchange and signal amplification by maintaining synchronization with the electron beam. Its pitch-jumping design, combined with the electron beam speed change to adjust the phase velocity, extends the interaction distance and improves the output power. The electroplated layer on the surface of the spiral 40 reduces transmission loss and contact thermal resistance, while the triangular distribution of the clamping rod 39 ensures that the central axis coincides. Combined with the arc-shaped contact design, it increases the contact area and reduces the interface thermal resistance, solving the heat dissipation bottleneck problem under high-power operating conditions.

[0029] Please see the appendix Figure 5 - Appendix Figure 7 The output power transmission system 8 includes a flange 30, which is located inside a flange frame 18. A sapphire window ceramic plate 31 is welded to the rear side of the flange 30, and a window frame 33 is located on the outer side of the sapphire window ceramic plate 31. A fixing cylinder 32 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the flange 30. An impedance transformer 34 is installed inside the window frame 33. A short-circuit connector 35, an output inner conductor 36, and an output antenna 37 are installed on the rear side of the impedance transformer 34. The output inner conductor 36 and the output antenna 37 are connected by high-temperature brazing. The output inner conductor 36 is made of annealed oxygen-free copper material, has a central opening, and adopts a small outer diameter design at the end of the output antenna 37. The impedance transformer 34 and the short-circuit connector 35 are made of oxygen-free copper material. The output power transmission system 8 adopts a box-shaped window structure.

[0030] The flange 30 provides a standard connection interface, ensuring the mechanical docking accuracy and continuity of the microwave energy transmission channel. The sapphire window ceramic plate 31 acts as a vacuum sealing barrier, utilizing its low dielectric loss and high thermal conductivity to maintain a high internal vacuum while allowing high-power signals to penetrate. The outer window frame 33 buffers the thermal stress at the sealing point through fixed support, and the external reinforcement of the fixed cylinder 32 improves the mechanical strength of the overall structure. The internal impedance transformer 34 is responsible for adjusting the characteristic impedance to reduce return loss, and the short-circuit connector 35 reflects the energy transmitted backward to ensure maximum power in the output direction. The output inner conductor 36, together with the output antenna 37, couples the microwave signal to the outside, and the high-temperature brazing connection between the two ensures good electrical contact. The annealed oxygen-free copper material and the design of the center opening and small outer diameter of the output inner conductor 36 reduce losses and release thermal stress, preventing the window ceramic plate from breaking. The application of the box-shaped window structure meets the requirements of the traveling wave tube for high power handling capacity and wide operating bandwidth.

[0031] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube, characterized in that, The structure includes: The electron gun body (4) and the collector body (6) are fixedly connected to each other on the opposite side of the electron gun body (4) and the collector body (6). An input power supply system (7) is provided on the upper right side of the interaction structure (5), and an output power supply system (8) is provided on the front left side of the interaction structure (5). The base plate (3) is used to support the core (2) and conduct heat away; The outer casing mounting structure (1) includes a front cover (13) and a rear cover (14), wherein the front cover (13) is located on the upper right side of the base plate (3) and the rear cover (14) is located on the upper left side of the base plate (3).

2. The Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, A bracket (19) is installed on the upper middle part of the base plate (3). The bracket (19) is a frame structure. An input cover (15) is installed on the upper part of the front cover (13). A front cover plate (16) and a rear cover plate (20) are installed at both ends of the base plate (3). A flange frame (18) is installed at the front of the rear cover (14). A lead post (17) is provided on the upper part of the front cover plate (16). The lead post (17) is a hollow structure.

3. The Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collecting electrode body (6) includes a collecting electrode cylinder (26), which is fixedly connected to the upper left side of the base plate (3). A collecting electrode ceramic body (25) is fixedly connected inside the collecting electrode cylinder (26). A first collecting electrode (21) is fixedly connected to the right side inside the collecting electrode ceramic body (25). A second collecting electrode (22) is fixedly connected to the right side of the middle part of the collecting electrode ceramic body (25). A third collecting electrode (23) is fixedly connected to the left side of the middle part of the collecting electrode ceramic body (25). A fourth collecting electrode (24) is fixedly connected to the left side inside the collecting electrode ceramic body (25).

4. The Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electron gun body (4) includes a gun shell (9), and a gun core assembly (10) is provided inside the gun shell (9). An anode (11) is provided at one end of the gun core assembly (10), and an electron gun tube (12) is provided at the other end of the gun core assembly (10). The electron gun body (4) adopts a high compression ratio and low pulsation laminar flow design.

5. The Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The interaction structure (5) includes a shell (38), and a clamping rod (39) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shell (38). A spiral (40) is fixedly connected to one end of the clamping rod (39). The spiral (40) adopts a pitch jump design, including positive pitch jump, negative pitch jump or double pitch jump. The surface of the spiral (40) is provided with an electroplated layer. The clamping rods (39) are distributed in a triangular shape. The contact surface between the clamping rods (39) and the spiral (40) is designed as an arc surface to increase the contact area.

6. The Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output power transmission system (8) includes a flange (30), which is located inside a flange frame (18). A sapphire window ceramic tile (31) is welded to the rear side of the flange (30). A window frame (33) is provided on the outer side of the sapphire window ceramic tile (31). A fixing cylinder (32) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the flange (30). An impedance transformer (34) is provided inside the window frame (33). A short-circuit connector (35), an output inner conductor (36), and an output antenna (37) are provided on the rear side of the impedance transformer (34). The output inner conductor (36) and the output antenna (37) are connected by high-temperature brazing.

7. The Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The traveling wave tube has a single tube output power greater than 500W, a total efficiency greater than 65%, and a total tube weight of less than 2.5kg.

8. The Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube according to claim 1, characterized in that, The collecting electrode body (6) is provided with a collecting electrode rear cover (27) on the left side. Collecting electrode ceramic columns (28) are evenly arranged around the left side of the collecting electrode rear cover (27). A collecting electrode row pipe (29) is fixedly connected to the left side of the collecting electrode rear cover (27).

9. The Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first collecting electrode (21), the second collecting electrode (22), the third collecting electrode (23) and the fourth collecting electrode (24) are all made of oxygen-free copper material, and the collecting electrode ceramic body (25) is made of heat-treated beryllium oxide material.

10. The Ka-band 500W high-efficiency, lightweight conductive space traveling wave tube according to claim 6, characterized in that, The output inner conductor (36) is made of annealed oxygen-free copper material, with a central opening, and the connection end with the output antenna (37) is designed with a small outer diameter; the impedance transformer (34) and the short-circuit connector (35) are made of oxygen-free copper material, and the output power transmission system (8) adopts a box-shaped window structure.

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