Power transmission line continuous impact deicing system and method based on pulse power

Abstract

The invention discloses a power transmission line continuous impact deicing system based on pulse power, and belongs to the technical field of power transmission line deicing, and the system comprises a pulse power generation unit which is formed by connecting a pulse capacitor group, a magnetic compression circuit and a trigger switch in series, and is used for generating a high-voltage electric pulse; the impact transmission mechanism comprises an electromagnetic actuator and a mechanical impact head and is used for converting the electric pulse into mechanical impact force; the self-adaptive control unit is integrally provided with an ice condition detection sensor and a frequency optimization algorithm module and is used for adjusting pulse parameters in real time; and the energy supply module comprises a solar cell panel and an energy storage battery and is used for providing independent power for the system. Deicing is achieved through energy conversion and intelligent control, and the pulse power generation unit converts electric energy into high-voltage electric pulses; the impact transmission mechanism converts the electric pulse energy into mechanical impact energy; compared with traditional manual deicing, the safety is high; compared with a single hot melting method, the energy consumption is low; compared with a pure mechanical method, the circuit damage risk is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of power transmission line de-icing technology, specifically relating to a continuous impact de-icing system and method for power transmission lines based on pulse power. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, icing on transmission lines poses a significant threat to the safe operation of the power grid. Traditional de-icing methods, such as thermal melting and mechanical scraping, suffer from high energy consumption, low efficiency, and potential damage to lines. Pulse power de-icing technology has attracted attention due to its controllable energy and targeted approach. However, existing pulse de-icing systems mostly employ a single electrical pulse or mechanical impact, which is difficult to adapt to complex icing conditions and lacks adaptive adjustment capabilities. For example, patent publication number CN201238183Y discloses a transmission line electrical pulse de-icing mechanism, consisting of a silicon controlled rectifier, a high-voltage capacitor, and a clamped diode. The current-flowing end of the high-voltage capacitor and the clamped diode connected in parallel is connected to the silicon controlled rectifier. The key feature is that the current-inflowing end of the high-voltage capacitor and the clamped diode connected in parallel is connected to the current-outflowing end of a reverse-wound copper strip coil. The current-outflowing end of the silicon controlled rectifier is connected to a forward-wound copper strip coil. The forward-wound and reverse-wound copper strip coils are connected in series and wound together on the transmission line. This pulse-based de-icing mechanism for transmission lines is easy to operate, facilitates widespread application, and has a simple structure. Compared with current pulse-based de-icing methods used on transmission lines, it not only effectively removes ice but also extends the de-icing distance without causing year-round power loss to the transmission line. It is also convenient to use and can be widely applied to transmission line de-icing. However, it does not solve the problem of matching pulse parameters with ice conditions, has high energy consumption, and is ineffective on thick ice. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a continuous impact de-icing system for transmission lines based on pulse power. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a continuous impact de-icing system and method for transmission lines based on pulse power, thereby solving the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: a continuous impact de-icing system for transmission lines based on pulsed power, comprising: a pulsed power generating unit, consisting of a pulse capacitor bank, a magnetic compression circuit, and a trigger switch connected in series, for generating high-voltage electrical pulses; an impact transmission mechanism, including an electromagnetic actuator and a mechanical impact head, for converting the electrical pulses into mechanical impact force; an adaptive control unit, integrating an ice condition detection sensor and a frequency optimization algorithm module, for real-time adjustment of pulse parameters; and an energy supply module, including solar panels and an energy storage battery, for providing independent power to the system. De-icing is achieved through energy conversion and intelligent control. The pulsed power generating unit converts electrical energy into high-voltage electrical pulses; the impact transmission mechanism converts electrical pulse energy into mechanical impact energy; the adaptive control unit acts as the brain, optimizing decisions based on real-time ice conditions; and the energy supply module provides green and independent power supply.

[0005] During implementation, the adaptive control unit first detects the ice condition, then instructs the pulse power generation unit to generate electrical pulses with specific parameters, driving the impact transmission mechanism to precisely impact the line, using mechanical force and resonance effect to break the ice layer. This achieves automation, intelligence, and high efficiency in the de-icing process. Compared to traditional manual de-icing, it is safer; compared to the single thermal melting method, it has lower energy consumption; and compared to purely mechanical methods, it poses less risk of line damage.

[0006] Furthermore, the pulse power generation unit employs a multi-stage magnetic compression circuit, consisting of a primary capacitor, a pulse transformer, and a magnetic switch, used to compress the pulse width from milliseconds to microseconds. The pulse transformer uses a nanocrystalline magnetic core with a permeability of 15000 H / m; the pulse capacitor bank is a dry-type metallized polypropylene film capacitor with a capacitance range of 100-1000 μF. The primary capacitor stores energy, the pulse transformer initially boosts the voltage and compresses the pulse, and the magnetic switch conducts instantaneously after the magnetic core saturates, achieving precise pulse width compression and thus obtaining microsecond-level pulses with extremely high peak power. Energy is first stored in the primary capacitor, then, after being transformed by the pulse transformer, is rapidly released to the load by the magnetic switch. Due to its high permeability, the nanocrystalline magnetic core can achieve rapid magnetization reversal, reducing energy loss. This specific combination of a multi-stage magnetic compression circuit using a nanocrystalline magnetic core and a dry-type metallized polypropylene film capacitor achieves efficient pulse compression, high withstand voltage, self-healing characteristics, and long lifespan. The generated pulse has high peak power and narrow width, which can generate a powerful electromagnetic force to drive the mechanism in a very short time, avoiding damage to components due to heat generation during prolonged power-on, and is highly efficient and safe.

[0007] Furthermore, the impact transmission mechanism includes a bistable electromagnetic actuator and a cam amplification device. The electromagnetic actuator is made of a high-permeability magnetic material with 200-500 coil turns. The mechanical impact head is made of tungsten steel with an arc-shaped impact surface to match the outer diameter of the transmission line. The impact frequency is in the range of 5-50Hz, the single impact energy is 50-200J, and the impact stroke is 10-50mm. The bistable electromagnetic actuator has two stable states, "on" and "off," with low energy consumption and decisive action. The cam amplification device amplifies the linear electromagnetic force generated by the actuator, making the final impact force acting on the ice layer much greater than the electromagnetic force itself. An electrical pulse excites the electromagnetic actuator to drive the cam mechanism to rotate, converting the rotational motion into the linear hammering motion of the mechanical impact head. The impact surface matches the outer diameter of the wire, ensuring effective force transmission. This achieves low-current control and high-force output. The impact energy is concentrated, the de-icing efficiency is high, and blind impacts are avoided.

[0008] Furthermore, the adaptive control unit integrates a multi-sensor fusion system, including an infrared thermal imager, an ultrasonic thickness gauge, and strain gauges. It employs machine learning algorithms to establish an ice condition database for identifying ice types such as hard ice, soft ice, and mixed ice. The adaptive control unit has a built-in FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) processor for real-time calculation of optimal pulse parameters and data transmission to the monitoring center via a ZigBee wireless communication module. Based on multi-sensor information fusion and machine learning algorithms, different sensors (infrared, ultrasonic, strain gauges) acquire data from different dimensions. This data is then fused at high speed by the FPGA processor, and the machine learning model makes intelligent decisions to find the optimal solution. Sensor data is transmitted in real-time, preprocessed and feature extracted by the FPGA, and historical models in the ice condition database are used to quickly match the current ice type. Finally, the algorithm calculates the optimal pulse voltage, frequency, and other parameters. This significantly improves the system's adaptive capability and de-icing accuracy.

[0009] Furthermore, the energy supply module employs a solar power system, including monocrystalline silicon solar panels, lithium iron phosphate battery packs, and a power management circuit. The battery pack capacity is 20-100Ah, and it is equipped with overcharge and over-discharge protection modules. Utilizing solar energy, a clean energy source, the power management circuit (including MPPT maximum power point tracking) efficiently charges the energy storage battery, which then provides stable power to all units of the system. The solar panels convert light energy into electrical energy, which is then optimized by the power management circuit to charge the lithium iron phosphate battery pack. During system operation, the battery pack discharges to supply power. This achieves energy self-sufficiency, enabling the system to be deployed in remote mountainous areas without mains power, thus expanding its application scope.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a shock-resistant and heat-dissipating housing and a drone deployment interface. The housing is made of aluminum alloy with an anodized surface. The shock-resistant and heat-dissipating housing protects internal precision components from outdoor vibrations, extreme temperatures, and rain. The drone deployment interface provides quick and flexible installation. During implementation, the drone is used to hoist the system to the predetermined location on the power line, and then quickly secures it using the interface. This solves the pain points of inconvenient installation and low efficiency of traditional de-icing equipment, enabling rapid deployment, significantly reducing power outage windows, and lowering the risks and costs of manual high-altitude operations.

[0011] A continuous impact de-icing method for transmission lines based on pulse power includes the following steps: S1, real-time monitoring of ice thickness, ice type, and environmental conditions of the transmission line using temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and image recognition devices; S2, calculation of optimal pulse voltage, width, and repetition frequency using an adaptive control unit based on the detected ice data; S3, generation of high-voltage electric pulses by a pulse power generation unit according to optimized parameters, and enhancement of peak pulse power by a magnetic compression circuit; S4, conversion of the electric pulses into mechanical impact force by an electromagnetic actuator, driving an impact head to perform high-frequency hammering on the ice; S5, adjustment of the impact frequency to match the natural frequency of the ice layer, utilizing the resonance effect to break and remove the ice layer; S6, verification of the de-icing effect by comparing the line tension sensor with the image, and dynamic adjustment of pulse parameters.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, a fuzzy PID control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the pulse parameters based on ice thickness, ambient temperature, and wind speed.

[0013] When the ice thickness is less than 5mm, the low voltage high frequency mode is used;

[0014] When the ice thickness is 5-15mm, the medium voltage and medium frequency mode is adopted;

[0015] When the ice thickness is greater than 15mm, a high-voltage, low-frequency mode is used.

[0016] The formula for calculating pulse energy is E=0.5×C×V²×f×t, where C is the capacitance, V is the pulse voltage, f is the pulse frequency, and t is the duration.

[0017] Furthermore, in step S5, the natural frequency of the ice layer is identified by frequency scanning, with a scanning range of 10-100Hz and a scanning step size of 0.1Hz. When the impact frequency matches the natural frequency of the ice layer, tensile and shear stresses are generated inside the ice layer. The stress wave is reflected multiple times at the ice-line interface to form resonance. When the stress exceeds the tensile strength of the ice layer, the ice layer breaks.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S6, the de-icing effect is verified using a multi-index comprehensive evaluation system, including de-icing rate, line damage rate, and energy efficiency; the de-icing rate is calculated by image processing algorithm to determine the change in icing area; the line damage rate is assessed by eddy current detector to evaluate surface microcracks; and the energy efficiency is calculated by the ratio of pulse energy to de-icing volume.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: De-icing is achieved through energy conversion and intelligent control. The pulse power generation unit converts electrical energy into high-voltage electrical pulses; the impact transmission mechanism converts the electrical pulse energy into mechanical impact energy; the adaptive control unit acts as the "brain," optimizing decisions based on real-time ice conditions; and the energy supply module provides green and independent power assurance. In implementation, the adaptive control unit first detects the ice condition, then instructs the pulse power generation unit to generate electrical pulses with specific parameters, driving the impact transmission mechanism to precisely impact the line, using mechanical force and resonance effects to break the ice layer. This achieves automation, intelligence, and high efficiency in the de-icing process. Compared to traditional manual de-icing, it offers higher safety; compared to the single thermal melting method, it has lower energy consumption; and compared to purely mechanical methods, it poses less risk of line damage. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the method steps of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that this is only for the purpose of more clearly illustrating and explaining the present invention.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a continuous impact de-icing system for transmission lines based on pulsed power, comprising: a pulsed power generating unit, consisting of a pulse capacitor bank, a magnetic compression circuit, and a trigger switch connected in series, for generating high-voltage electrical pulses; an impact transmission mechanism, including an electromagnetic actuator and a mechanical impact head, for converting the electrical pulses into mechanical impact force; an adaptive control unit, integrating an ice condition detection sensor and a frequency optimization algorithm module, for real-time adjustment of pulse parameters; and an energy supply module, including a solar panel and an energy storage battery, for providing independent power to the system. De-icing is achieved through energy conversion and intelligent control. The pulsed power generating unit converts electrical energy into high-voltage electrical pulses; the impact transmission mechanism converts electrical pulse energy into mechanical impact energy; the adaptive control unit acts as the brain, optimizing decisions based on real-time ice conditions; and the energy supply module provides green and independent power supply.

[0025] During implementation, the adaptive control unit first detects the ice condition, then instructs the pulse power generation unit to generate electrical pulses with specific parameters, driving the impact transmission mechanism to precisely impact the line, using mechanical force and resonance effect to break the ice layer. This achieves automation, intelligence, and high efficiency in the de-icing process. Compared to traditional manual de-icing, it is safer; compared to the single thermal melting method, it has lower energy consumption; and compared to purely mechanical methods, it poses less risk of line damage.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] like Figure 1 and 2 As shown, this embodiment discloses a continuous impact de-icing system for transmission lines based on pulse power, comprising: a pulse power generating unit, consisting of a pulse capacitor bank, a magnetic compression circuit, and a trigger switch connected in series, used to generate high-voltage electric pulses; an impact transmission mechanism, including an electromagnetic actuator and a mechanical impact head, used to convert the electric pulses into mechanical impact force; an adaptive control unit, integrating an ice condition detection sensor and a frequency optimization algorithm module, used to adjust pulse parameters in real time; and an energy supply module, including solar panels and energy storage batteries, used to provide independent power to the system. De-icing is achieved through energy conversion and intelligent control. The pulse power generating unit converts electrical energy into high-voltage electric pulses; the impact transmission mechanism converts the electric pulse energy into mechanical impact energy; the adaptive control unit acts as the brain, optimizing decisions based on real-time ice conditions; and the energy supply module provides green and independent power supply. In implementation, the adaptive control unit first detects the ice condition, then instructs the pulse power generating unit to generate electric pulses with specific parameters, driving the impact transmission mechanism to precisely impact the line, using mechanical force and resonance effect to break the ice layer. This achieves automation, intelligence, and high efficiency in the de-icing process. Compared to traditional manual de-icing, it is safer; compared to the single thermal melting method, it has lower energy consumption; and compared to purely mechanical methods, it poses less risk of damage to the circuit.

[0028] For better performance, the pulse power generation unit employs a multi-stage magnetic compression circuit, consisting of a primary capacitor, a pulse transformer, and a magnetic switch. This circuit compresses the pulse width from milliseconds to microseconds. The pulse transformer uses a nanocrystalline magnetic core with a permeability of 15000 H / m. The pulse capacitor bank consists of dry-type metallized polypropylene film capacitors with a capacitance range of 100-1000 μF. The primary capacitor stores energy, the pulse transformer initially boosts the voltage and compresses the pulse, and the magnetic switch instantly conducts after the magnetic core saturates, achieving precise pulse width compression and thus obtaining microsecond-level pulses with extremely high peak power. Energy is first stored in the primary capacitor, then rapidly released to the load by the magnetic switch after being transformed by the pulse transformer. Due to its high permeability, the nanocrystalline magnetic core enables rapid magnetization reversal, reducing energy loss. This specific combination of a multi-stage magnetic compression circuit using a nanocrystalline magnetic core and dry-type metallized polypropylene film capacitors achieves efficient pulse compression, high withstand voltage, self-healing characteristics, and long lifespan. The generated pulse has high peak power and narrow width, which can generate a powerful electromagnetic force to drive the mechanism in a very short time, avoiding damage to components due to heat generation during prolonged power-on, and is highly efficient and safe.

[0029] For better results, the impact transmission mechanism includes a bistable electromagnetic actuator and a cam amplification device. The electromagnetic actuator is made of high-permeability magnetic material with 200-500 coil turns. The mechanical impact head is made of tungsten steel with an arc-shaped impact surface to match the outer diameter of the transmission line. The impact frequency is in the range of 5-50Hz, the single impact energy is 50-200J, and the impact stroke is 10-50mm. The bistable electromagnetic actuator has two stable states, "on" and "off," with low energy consumption and decisive action. The cam amplification device amplifies the linear electromagnetic force generated by the actuator, making the final impact force acting on the ice layer much greater than the electromagnetic force itself. An electrical pulse excites the electromagnetic actuator to drive the cam mechanism to rotate, converting the rotational motion into the linear hammering motion of the mechanical impact head. The matching of the impact surface with the outer diameter of the wire ensures effective force transmission. This achieves low-current control and high-force output. The impact energy is concentrated, the de-icing efficiency is high, and blind impacts are avoided.

[0030] To ensure the feasibility and rationality of the stated impact frequency range (5-50Hz) and single impact energy range (50-200J), the inventors conducted systematic theoretical calculations and experimental verifications.

[0031] Impact frequency range (5-50Hz); this frequency range covers the natural frequencies of common icing layers (typically 10-35Hz). Through dynamic modeling and simulation analysis, when the frequency is below 5Hz, the impact interval is too long, resulting in low de-icing efficiency; when the frequency is above 50Hz, the impact energy is difficult to accumulate and transfer effectively, and it has a significant impact on the life of the mechanism.

[0032] In an artificial climate chamber, de-icing tests were conducted on LGJ-300 / 25 type transmission lines with icing thicknesses of 5mm, 10mm, and 15mm. The results showed that a significant resonance effect existed in the 10-25Hz frequency range, where the de-icing efficiency (de-icing amount per unit energy) was highest. Setting the frequency range to 5-50Hz ensured that the system could start scanning from a low frequency, cover all possible resonance points, and ultimately stabilize near the optimal frequency.

[0033] Single impact energy range (50-200J); According to the ice breaking mechanics model, the energy required to break a unit volume of ordinary ice is approximately 1-3 J / cm³. For a typical ice layer (e.g., ice length 1 meter, equivalent thickness 15 mm, width 50 mm, volume approximately 0.00075 m³), ​​the energy required for breaking it is approximately 75-225 J. Therefore, setting the lower limit of the single impact energy at 50 J ensures effectiveness against thin ice; setting the upper limit at 200 J effectively breaks thick ice, while energy control avoids excessive impact on the line (the upper limit of the permissible single impact energy for the line has been tested to be higher than 250 J).

[0034] The samples were tested using impact heads with different energies. Data shows that below 50J, multiple impacts are required to induce cracks in ice layers larger than 10mm, resulting in low efficiency. Above 200J, the de-icing effect is not significantly improved, but the size of the mechanism and energy consumption increase significantly. The 50-200J range achieves the optimal balance between de-icing efficiency and system cost / size. The experimental data summary table is as follows:

[0035] Ice thickness (mm) Single impact energy (J) Number of impacts required for effective de-icing De-icing effect evaluation 5 50 1-2 excellent 10 100 2-3 excellent 15 150 3-4 excellent 20 200 4-5 good ＞20 ＞200 The effect was not significant. Low marginal utility

[0036] For better performance, the adaptive control unit integrates a multi-sensor fusion system, including an infrared thermal imager, an ultrasonic thickness gauge, and strain gauges. It employs machine learning algorithms to build an ice condition database to identify ice types such as hard ice, soft ice, and mixed ice. The adaptive control unit has a built-in FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) processor for real-time calculation of optimal pulse parameters and data transmission to the monitoring center via a ZigBee wireless communication module. Based on multi-sensor information fusion and machine learning algorithms, different sensors (infrared, ultrasonic, strain gauges) acquire data from different dimensions. This data is then fused at high speed by the FPGA processor, and the machine learning model makes intelligent decisions to find the optimal solution. Sensor data is input in real time, preprocessed and feature extracted by the FPGA, and historical models in the ice condition database are used to quickly match the current ice type. Finally, the algorithm calculates the optimal pulse voltage, frequency, and other parameters. This significantly improves the system's adaptive capability and de-icing accuracy.

[0037] For better performance, the energy supply module employs a solar power system, including monocrystalline silicon solar panels, lithium iron phosphate battery packs, and a power management circuit. The battery pack has a capacity of 20-100Ah and is equipped with overcharge and over-discharge protection modules. Utilizing solar energy, a clean energy source, the power management circuit (including MPPT maximum power point tracking) efficiently charges the energy storage battery, which then provides stable power to all units of the system. The solar panels convert light energy into electrical energy, which is then optimized by the power management circuit to charge the lithium iron phosphate battery pack. During system operation, the battery pack discharges to supply power. This achieves energy self-sufficiency, allowing the system to be deployed in remote mountainous areas and expanding its application range.

[0038] For better performance, the system also includes a shock-resistant and heat-dissipating housing and a drone deployment interface. The housing is made of aluminum alloy with an anodized finish. The shock-resistant and heat-dissipating housing protects internal precision components from outdoor vibrations, extreme temperatures, and rain. The drone deployment interface provides quick and flexible installation. During implementation, the drone is used to hoist the system to the predetermined location on the power line, and the interface allows for quick and easy securing. This solves the pain points of inconvenient installation and low efficiency of traditional de-icing equipment, enabling rapid deployment, significantly reducing power outage windows, and lowering the risks and costs of manual high-altitude operations.

[0039] A continuous impact de-icing method for transmission lines based on pulse power includes the following steps: S1, real-time monitoring of ice thickness, ice type, and environmental conditions of the transmission line using temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and image recognition devices; S2, calculation of optimal pulse voltage, width, and repetition frequency using an adaptive control unit based on the detected ice data; S3, generation of high-voltage electric pulses by a pulse power generation unit according to optimized parameters, and enhancement of peak pulse power by a magnetic compression circuit; S4, conversion of the electric pulses into mechanical impact force by an electromagnetic actuator, driving an impact head to perform high-frequency hammering on the ice; S5, adjustment of the impact frequency to match the natural frequency of the ice layer, utilizing the resonance effect to break and remove the ice layer; S6, verification of the de-icing effect by comparing the line tension sensor with the image, and dynamic adjustment of pulse parameters.

[0040] For better results, in step S2, a fuzzy PID control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the pulse parameters based on ice thickness, ambient temperature, and wind speed.

[0041] When the ice thickness is less than 5mm, the low voltage high frequency mode is used;

[0042] When the ice thickness is 5-15mm, the medium voltage and medium frequency mode is adopted;

[0043] When the ice thickness is greater than 15mm, a high-voltage, low-frequency mode is used.

[0044] The formula for calculating pulse energy is E=0.5×C×V²×f×t, where C is the capacitance, V is the pulse voltage, f is the pulse frequency, and t is the duration.

[0045] For better results, in step S5, the natural frequency of the ice layer is identified by frequency scanning, with a scanning range of 10-100Hz and a scanning step size of 0.1Hz. When the impact frequency matches the natural frequency of the ice layer, tensile and shear stresses are generated inside the ice layer. The stress wave is reflected multiple times at the ice-line interface to form resonance. When the stress exceeds the tensile strength of the ice layer, the ice layer breaks.

[0046] To achieve better results, in step S6, a multi-index comprehensive evaluation system is used to verify the de-icing effect, including de-icing rate, line damage rate, and energy efficiency. The de-icing rate is calculated by image processing algorithm to determine the change in icing area. The line damage rate is assessed by eddy current detector to evaluate surface microcracks. The energy efficiency is calculated by the ratio of pulse energy to de-icing volume.

[0047] Taking a de-icing system applied to a 110kV transmission line as an example, the pulse power generation unit consists of: a pulse capacitor bank using dry-type metallized polypropylene film capacitors with a capacitance of 500μF and a withstand voltage of 50kV; a magnetic compression circuit composed of a primary capacitor, a 1000μF capacitor, a nanocrystalline magnetic core pulse transformer with a permeability of 15000 H / m, and a magnetic switch, which compresses the pulse width from 5ms to 200μs; and a trigger switch using a hydrogen thyristor with a trigger voltage of 10kV.

[0048] Impact transmission mechanism: The electromagnetic actuator is made of silicon steel sheet, with a coil of 300 turns and a current carrying capacity of 3000A; the mechanical impact head is made of tungsten steel arc surface with a radius of curvature of 20mm, the impact frequency is adjusted to 20Hz, the single impact energy is 100J, and the stroke is 30mm. The cam amplification device amplifies the electromagnetic force by 3 times.

[0049] Adaptive Control Unit: The multi-sensor fusion system includes an infrared thermal imager to detect temperature distribution, an ultrasonic thickness gauge to measure ice thickness and strain gauges to monitor line tension. An FPGA processor runs a fuzzy PID algorithm and communicates with the monitoring center via a ZigBee module over a distance of 5km. The ice condition database contains 1000 sets of historical data, with an ice type identification accuracy of ≥95%.

[0050] Energy supply module: Monocrystalline silicon solar panel, 22% efficiency, connected to a 50Ah lithium iron phosphate battery pack; power management circuit with MPPT function. The system can operate continuously for 48 hours at -40℃.

[0051] Shell and Deployment: The shockproof and heat-dissipating shell is made of aluminum alloy, with an IP67 protection rating and a weight of 20kg. It is equipped with a drone hoisting interface and the installation time is 8 minutes.

[0052] Ice Condition Detection: Temperature sensors (-40℃ to 80℃), humidity sensors (0–100%RH), and cameras monitor icing, identifying mixed ice with a thickness of 10mm. Parameter Optimization: Fuzzy PID algorithm calculates optimal parameters: pulse voltage 30kV, pulse width 200μs, and pulse frequency 5Hz. Electrical Pulse Generation: Capacitor bank is charged to 30kV, and magnetic compression circuit increases peak power to 5MW. Mechanical Impact Conversion: Electromagnetic actuator drives an impact head to hammer the ice layer at a frequency of 5Hz. Resonance De-icing: Frequency scanning (10–100Hz, step size 0.1Hz) identifies the ice layer's natural frequency of 25Hz. The impact frequency is adjusted to 25Hz, and the resonant stress exceeds the ice layer's tensile strength (1.5MPa), causing the ice layer to break. Performance Evaluation: Image processing shows a de-icing rate of 98%, eddy current detection shows no circuit damage, and energy consumption is 0.8 kWh / m³. This invention achieves de-icing efficiency by fusing pulse power and mechanical impact, and using the resonance de-icing principle, improving de-icing efficiency by approximately 50% compared to traditional methods.

[0053] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A continuous impact de-icing system for transmission lines based on pulsed power, characterized in that, include: The pulse power generating unit consists of a pulse capacitor bank, a magnetic compression circuit, and a trigger switch connected in series, and is used to generate high-voltage electric pulses. An impact transmission mechanism, comprising an electromagnetic actuator and a mechanical impact head, is used to convert electrical pulses into mechanical impact forces. The adaptive control unit integrates an ice condition detection sensor and a frequency optimization algorithm module for real-time adjustment of pulse parameters; The energy supply module, including solar panels and energy storage batteries, is used to provide independent power to the system.

2. The continuous impact de-icing system for transmission lines based on pulse power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse power generating unit employs a multi-stage magnetic compression circuit, consisting of a primary capacitor, a pulse transformer, and a magnetic switch, used to compress the pulse width from milliseconds to microseconds. The pulse transformer uses a nanocrystalline magnetic core with a permeability of 15000 H / m. The pulse capacitor bank is a dry-type metallized polypropylene film capacitor with a capacitance range of 100-1000μF.

3. The continuous impact de-icing system for transmission lines based on pulse power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The impact transmission mechanism includes a bistable electromagnetic actuator and a cam amplification device. The electromagnetic actuator is made of a high-permeability magnetic material and has 200-500 coil turns. The mechanical impact head is made of tungsten steel and has an arc-shaped impact surface to match the outer diameter of the transmission line. The impact frequency is in the range of 5-50Hz, the single impact energy is 50-200J, and the impact stroke is 10-50mm.

4. The continuous impact de-icing system for transmission lines based on pulse power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adaptive control unit integrates a multi-sensor fusion system, including an infrared thermal imager, an ultrasonic thickness gauge, and strain gauges. It uses machine learning algorithms to establish an ice condition database to identify ice types such as hard ice, soft ice, and mixed ice. The adaptive control unit has a built-in FPGA processor for calculating the optimal pulse parameters in real time and transmitting data to the monitoring center via a ZigBee wireless communication module.

5. The continuous impact de-icing system for transmission lines based on pulse power according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy supply module adopts a solar power system, including a monocrystalline silicon solar panel, a lithium iron phosphate battery pack, and a power management circuit; the battery pack has a capacity of 20-100Ah and is equipped with an overcharge and over-discharge protection module.

6. The continuous impact de-icing system for transmission lines based on pulse power according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The shockproof and heat-dissipating shell and drone deployment interface are made of aluminum alloy with an anodized surface.

7. A continuous impact de-icing method for transmission lines based on pulsed power, used in the system described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Real-time monitoring of ice thickness, ice type, and environmental conditions of transmission lines using temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and image recognition devices; S2. Based on the detected ice condition data, the optimal pulse voltage, width, and repetition frequency are calculated by the adaptive control unit; S3, The pulse power generation unit generates high-voltage electric pulses according to optimized parameters, and the peak power of the pulses is increased by the magnetic compression circuit; S4. The electromagnetic actuator converts electrical pulses into mechanical impact force, driving the impact head to perform high-frequency hammering on the ice. S5. By adjusting the impact frequency to match the natural frequency of the ice layer, the ice layer is broken and detached using the resonance effect. S6. Verify the de-icing effect by comparing the line tension sensor with the image, and dynamically adjust the pulse parameters.

8. The continuous impact de-icing method for transmission lines based on pulse power according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, a fuzzy PID control algorithm is used to dynamically adjust the pulse parameters based on ice thickness, ambient temperature, and wind speed. When the ice thickness is less than 5mm, the low voltage high frequency mode is used; When the ice thickness is 5-15mm, the medium voltage and medium frequency mode is adopted; When the ice thickness is greater than 15mm, a high-voltage, low-frequency mode is used. The formula for calculating pulse energy is E=0.5×C×V²×f×t, where C is the capacitance, V is the pulse voltage, f is the pulse frequency, and t is the duration.

9. The continuous impact de-icing method for transmission lines based on pulse power according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, the natural frequency of the ice layer is identified by frequency scanning, with a scanning range of 10-100Hz and a scanning step size of 0.1Hz. When the impact frequency matches the natural frequency of the ice layer, tensile and shear stresses are generated inside the ice layer. The stress wave is reflected multiple times at the ice-line interface to form resonance. When the stress exceeds the tensile strength of the ice layer, the ice layer breaks.

10. The continuous impact de-icing method for transmission lines based on pulse power according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S6, the de-icing effect is verified using a multi-index comprehensive evaluation system, including de-icing rate, line damage rate, and energy efficiency. The de-icing rate is calculated by image processing algorithm to determine the change in icing area. The line damage rate is assessed by eddy current detector to evaluate surface microcracks. The energy efficiency is calculated by the ratio of pulse energy to de-icing volume.

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