Spliced perovskite solar cell module and preparation method thereof
By arranging perovskite cells in an array and forming connection regions using thermal melting or laser heating, the problem of small scale of perovskite solar cells has been solved, enabling large-scale fabrication and lightweighting, and improving the integration and adaptability of the components.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- XIDIAN UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are small in scale, which limits their applications and cannot meet the splicing design requirements of building-integrated photovoltaics and wearable photovoltaic devices.
By arranging several perovskite solar cells in an array and forming first and second fusion connection areas in the overlapping area using hot melt heating or laser heating, physical and electrical connections are achieved. At the same time, an encapsulation layer is set on the top of each perovskite solar cell to achieve encapsulation.
It has enabled the large-scale fabrication of perovskite solar cells, simplified the production process, improved integration and photoelectric properties, made them suitable for large-area module assembly and lightweighting, met decorative requirements, and reduced manufacturing costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN121908735A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, specifically relating to a spliced perovskite solar cell module and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of photovoltaic power generation, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have attracted widespread attention and have been rapidly developed and applied due to their excellent photoelectric properties and low-cost preparation methods. Among them, in the application of solar cells, the efficiency of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite single-junction solar cells has reached 27%, which is close to the highest efficiency of mainstream silicon-based solar cells.
[0003] Currently, existing organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are small in scale, which limits their applications.
[0004] Therefore, providing a large-scale organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cell has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides a spliced perovskite solar cell module and its preparation method.
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is achieved through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a spliced perovskite solar cell module, comprising: A perovskite solar cell unit is formed by splicing together several perovskite solar cells arranged in an array. The overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells along a first direction is a first fusion connection area, and the overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells along a second direction is a second fusion connection area, thus realizing both physical and electrical connection. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. Several encapsulation layers are provided, with one of the encapsulation layers disposed on top of each of the perovskite solar cells.
[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second fusion connection area is the connection area of two adjacent transparent conductive cathodes and transparent conductive anodes of the perovskite solar cells.
[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first fusion connection area and the second fusion connection area are formed by hot melting heating or laser heating. In one embodiment of the present invention, the perovskite solar cell includes: A polymer substrate layer, the polymer substrate layer comprising a central region, a first end region and a second end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central region along a first direction, and a third end region and a fourth end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central region along a second direction; A transparent conductive anode is disposed on the polymer substrate layer in the middle region and the third end region. The transparent conductive anode in the third end region is provided with a plurality of first through holes evenly spaced along the first direction. The first through holes extend from the upper surface of the transparent conductive anode to the lower surface of the transparent conductive anode to expose the polymer substrate layer within the first through holes. A hole transport layer is disposed on the transparent conductive anode, excluding the intermediate region; A perovskite light absorption layer is disposed on the hole transport layer; An electron transport layer is disposed on the perovskite light-absorbing layer; A transparent conductive cathode is continuously disposed on the polymer substrate layer and the electron transport layer in the fourth end region. The transparent conductive cathode in the fourth end region is provided with a plurality of second through holes evenly spaced along the first direction. The second through holes extend from the upper surface of the transparent conductive cathode to the lower surface of the transparent conductive cathode to expose the polymer substrate layer within the second through holes. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first fusion connection area is a fusion area where the polymer substrate layers of the first end regions and the polymer substrate layers of the second end regions of two adjacent perovskite solar cells overlap. The second fusion connection area is a fusion area where the transparent conductive anodes of the third end region and the transparent conductive cathodes of the fourth end region of two adjacent perovskite cells overlap, and all the first through holes of the overlapping third end regions coincide with all the second through holes of the fourth end regions. In one embodiment of the present invention, the encapsulation layer and the polymer substrate layer are made of the same material. In one embodiment of the present invention, the top surface of the encapsulation layer and the bottom surface of the perovskite solar cell are located on the same horizontal plane. Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a spliced perovskite solar cell module, used to prepare the spliced perovskite solar cell module as described in any of the above claims, the preparation method comprising: Fabrication of perovskite solar cells; All the perovskite solar cells are fused together in an array using hot-melt heating or laser heating to form a perovskite solar cell unit. The overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells along the first direction is the first fusion connection area, and the overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells along the second direction is the second fusion connection area, thus achieving both physical and electrical connection. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. An encapsulation layer is prepared on top of each of the perovskite solar cells, and the sidewalls of the encapsulation layer are fused to the adjacent perovskite solar cells by means of thermal fusion heating or laser heating.
[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the preparation of a perovskite solar cell includes: A polymer substrate layer is prepared, the polymer substrate layer comprising a central region, a first end region and a second end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central region along a first direction, and a third end region and a fourth end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central region along a second direction. A transparent conductive anode is fabricated on the polymer substrate layer in the portion other than the fourth end region, and the polymer substrate layer in the fourth end region is exposed; A hole transport layer is prepared on the polymer substrate layer of the transparent conductive anode and the fourth end region; A perovskite light-absorbing layer is fabricated on the hole transport layer; An electron transport layer is fabricated on the perovskite light-absorbing layer; The hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, and the electron transport layer in the fourth end region are etched away, wherein the remaining hole transport layer, perovskite light absorption layer, and electron transport layer cover the end of the transparent conductive anode; A transparent conductive cathode is continuously fabricated on the polymer substrate layer and the electron transport layer 16 in the fourth end region; The hole transport layer, perovskite light absorption layer, electron transport layer and transparent conductive cathode of the third end region are etched to expose the transparent conductive anode of the third end region, and the transparent conductive anode, hole transport layer, perovskite light absorption layer, electron transport layer and transparent conductive cathode of the first end region and the second end region are etched to expose the polymer substrate layer of the first end region and the second end region. A plurality of first through holes are uniformly spaced along a first direction in a transparent conductive anode located in the third end region, and a plurality of second through holes are uniformly spaced along a first direction in a transparent conductive cathode located in the fourth end region. The first through holes and the second through holes both extend from the upper surface of the transparent conductive anode to the lower surface of the transparent conductive anode to expose the polymer substrate layer inside the first through holes and the second through holes.
[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, all the perovskite solar cells are fused together in an array using a hot-melt heating method or a laser heating method to form a perovskite solar cell unit, including: The polymer substrate layers of the first end region and the polymer substrate layers of the second end region of the two perovskite solar cells are overlapped and fused together by thermal melting or laser heating to form the first fused connection area. The transparent conductive anodes in the third end regions and the transparent conductive cathodes in the fourth end regions of the two perovskite solar cells are overlapped, and all the first through holes in the overlapping third end regions coincide with all the second through holes in the fourth end regions. Then, they are fused together by hot-melt heating or laser heating to form the second fusion connection area. Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention forms a perovskite solar cell unit by splicing together several perovskite solar cells arranged in an array. The overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells has a first fusion connection area and a second fusion connection area. The perovskite solar cell unit is encapsulated through an encapsulation layer. This allows different perovskite solar cells to be fused together to form a perovskite solar cell unit, achieving both physical and electrical connections. This method eliminates the reliance on traditional metal solder strips, conductive adhesives, or mechanical clips, and avoids the drawbacks of complex processes and low integration caused by additional structural components. It fully releases the excellent photoelectric properties of perovskite materials, enabling the fabrication of large-scale perovskite solar cells and providing assistance for improving the assembly of large-area perovskite solar cell modules and achieving lightweight design. The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spliced perovskite solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a spliced perovskite solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of adjacent perovskite solar cells fused together according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded schematic diagram of the fusion of adjacent perovskite solar cells provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0012] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0013] Example 1 Currently, most existing organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells are single devices, with relatively few large-scale modules. Furthermore, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials often have fixed optical characteristics depending on their specific composition, which cannot meet the splicing design requirements of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and wearable photovoltaic devices.
[0014] Based on this, please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spliced perovskite solar cell module provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is an exploded view of a spliced perovskite solar cell module provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the present invention provides a spliced perovskite solar cell module, which includes: The perovskite solar cell unit is composed of several perovskite solar cells 1 arranged in an array. The overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells 1 along the first direction V1 is the first fusion connection area 2, and the overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells 1 along the second direction V2 is the second fusion connection area 3, thus realizing both physical and electrical connection. The first direction V1 and the second direction V2 are perpendicular to each other. Several encapsulation layers 4 are provided on the top of each perovskite cell 1.
[0015] This invention forms a perovskite solar cell unit by splicing together several perovskite solar cells 1 arranged in an array. The overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells 1 has a first fusion connection area 2 and a second fusion connection area 3. The perovskite solar cell unit is encapsulated by an encapsulation layer 4. This allows different perovskite solar cells 1 to be fused together to form a perovskite solar cell unit, achieving both physical and electrical connections. This method eliminates the reliance on traditional metal solder strips, conductive adhesives, or mechanical clips, and avoids the drawbacks of complex processes and low integration caused by additional structural components. It fully releases the excellent photoelectric properties of perovskite materials, and helps to improve the assembly of large-area perovskite solar cell modules and reduce weight. Furthermore, the second fusion connection area 3 is the connection area between the transparent conductive cathode and the transparent conductive anode of two adjacent perovskite cells 1. That is, the transparent conductive cathode of one perovskite cell 1 and the transparent conductive anode of the adjacent perovskite cell 1 are connected together by fusion. The fusion connection area between the transparent conductive cathode of one perovskite cell 1 and the transparent conductive anode of another perovskite cell 1 is the second fusion connection area 3, thereby forming a physical connection and an electrical connection.
[0016] Preferably, the first and second fusion connection areas are formed by hot-melt heating or laser heating. By using hot-melt heating or laser heating, the areas to be connected can be tightly pressed together by the stress generated by heating, forming a good physical and electrical connection.
[0017] In this embodiment, the perovskite battery 1 is an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite battery, which is a functional material that utilizes its photovoltaic effect to achieve solar energy to electrical energy conversion.
[0018] In a specific implementation, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a perovskite solar cell provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The perovskite solar cell of the present invention includes: The polymer substrate 11 includes a middle region, a first end region and a second end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the middle region along a first direction V1, and a third end region and a fourth end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the middle region along a second direction V2. A transparent conductive anode 12 is disposed on a polymer substrate layer 11 in the middle region and the third end region. The transparent conductive anode 12 in the third end region is provided with a plurality of first through holes 12 evenly spaced along a first direction. The first through holes 13 extend from the upper surface of the transparent conductive anode 12 to the lower surface of the transparent conductive anode 12 to expose the polymer substrate layer 11 inside the first through holes 13. Hole transport layer 14 is disposed on the transparent conductive anode 12 except for the middle region; A perovskite light absorption layer 15 is disposed on the hole transport layer 14; An electron transport layer 16 is disposed on the perovskite light absorption layer 15; A transparent conductive cathode 17 is continuously disposed on the polymer substrate layer 11 and the electron transport layer 16 in the fourth end region. The transparent conductive cathode 17 in the fourth end region is provided with a plurality of second through holes 18 evenly spaced along a first direction. The second through holes 18 extend from the upper surface of the transparent conductive cathode 17 to the lower surface of the transparent conductive cathode 17 to expose the polymer substrate layer 11 inside the second through holes 18.
[0019] Further, please see Figure 4 and Figure 5 The first fusion connection area is the fusion area where the polymer substrate layer 11 of the first end region and the polymer substrate layer 11 of the second end region of two adjacent perovskite solar cells 1 overlap. The second fusion connection area is a fusion area where the transparent conductive anode 12 in the third end region and the transparent conductive cathode 17 in the fourth end region of two adjacent perovskite cells 1 overlap. All the first through holes 13 in the overlapping third end region coincide with all the second through holes 18 in the fourth end region, so that an electrical connection can be achieved between the two adjacent perovskite cells 1 by means of hot melting heating or laser heating.
[0020] Optionally, the polymer substrate 11 can be a PC polymer with a thickness ranging from 1 to 2 mm.
[0021] Optionally, the transparent conductive anode 12 can be made of IZO or ITO with a thickness ranging from 100 to 200 nm.
[0022] Optionally, the hole transport layer 14 can be made of NiO. x / SAM, but not limited to this, with a thickness range of 40-80 nm.
[0023] Alternatively, the material of the perovskite light-absorbing layer 15 can be Cs. 0.15 MA 0.2 FA 0.65 Pb(I 0.80 Br 0.2 )3, but not limited to this, its thickness ranges from 300 to 600 nm.
[0024] Alternatively, the material of the electron transport layer 16 can be PC. 61 BM / BCP or C 60 / BCP or SnO2, but not limited to these, with a thickness range of 20-60 nm.
[0025] Optionally, the transparent conductive cathode 17 can be made of IZO or ITO with a thickness ranging from 100 to 200 nm.
[0026] Optionally, the width of the first end region, the second end region, the third end region, and the fourth end region is 1-3 mm, the length is the length of the side, the diameter of the first through hole 13 and the second through hole 18 is 0.75-1.5 mm, and the spacing between two adjacent first through holes 13 or between two adjacent second through holes 18 is 2-4 mm.
[0027] For example, the perovskite cell 1 is 20mm*25mm in size, with two 2mm*2mm square chamfered quadrilaterals around its perimeter, which are stacked to form a 4*4 perovskite cell unit. The effective area of each perovskite cell 1 is 16mm×21mm, which can be expanded as needed. The positive and negative electrode buses are arranged on both sides of the long end of the module.
[0028] Furthermore, the encapsulation layer 3 is disposed on the transparent conductive cathode 17, and the sidewall of the encapsulation layer 3 is connected to the sidewall of the adjacent perovskite cell by means of hot melting heating or laser heating to form a tight bond and complete the encapsulation.
[0029] Optionally, the encapsulation layer 3 and the polymer base layer are made of the same material, namely PC polymer.
[0030] This invention relates to a perovskite solar cell that uses organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite as the light-absorbing material, leveraging its photovoltaic properties to achieve light-to-electrical energy conversion. The connection between individual perovskite cells is achieved through thermal fusion heating or laser welding, enabling module integration. This structure eliminates the need for traditional metal solder strips, conductive adhesives, or mechanical clips, avoiding the drawbacks of complex processes and low integration caused by additional structural components. It fully utilizes the excellent photoelectric properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, facilitating the assembly and lightweighting of large-area perovskite solar cell modules. Furthermore, it simplifies the production process, improves integration efficiency, and reduces manufacturing costs. The standardized unit design supports array expansion and personalized arrangements, providing ample flexibility for large-scale module production and appearance customization, laying the foundation for the industrialization and promotion of high-integration photovoltaic applications.
[0031] This invention, combined with an encapsulation layer, not only achieves seamless and tight encapsulation, but also allows spliced perovskite solar cell modules to meet decorative requirements while ensuring photoelectric functionality. This enhances their adaptability in scenarios such as curved building photovoltaics (BIPV), portable photovoltaic equipment, and lightweight decorative photovoltaic products, providing an ideal technical approach for their promotion in high-integration, low-loss photovoltaic scenarios.
[0032] Example 2 This invention provides a method for preparing a spliced perovskite solar cell module. This method is used to prepare the spliced perovskite solar cell module described in Example 1. The preparation method of this example includes: Step 1: Preparation of perovskite solar cells 1.
[0033] Step 1.1: Prepare a polymer substrate layer 11. The polymer substrate layer 11 includes a middle region, a first end region and a second end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the middle region along a first direction, and a third end region and a fourth end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the middle region along a second direction.
[0034] Specifically, the polymer substrate 11 was ultrasonically cleaned for 10-20 min each in Decon-90 aqueous solution, deionized water, and anhydrous ethanol.
[0035] Optionally, the polymer substrate 11 is selected from PC polymer, with a size of, for example, 25 × 20 mm and a thickness of, for example, 1 mm.
[0036] Step 1.2: Prepare a transparent conductive anode 12 on the polymer substrate 11 in the portion other than the fourth end region, and expose the polymer substrate 11 in the fourth end region.
[0037] Specifically, a transparent conductive anode 12 is prepared on a polymer substrate layer 11 in all regions except the fourth end region using a magnetron sputtering process.
[0038] Specific process conditions are, for example: at room temperature, under an argon atmosphere, at 2×10 -4 IZO transparent conductive anode with a thickness of 200 nm was prepared by sputtering IZO with Pa and 100 W radio frequency.
[0039] Step 1.3: Prepare a hole transport layer 14 on the polymer substrate layer 11 in the transparent conductive anode 12 and the fourth end region.
[0040] Optionally, the hole transport layer 14 is made of NiO. x / SAM.
[0041] For example, the specific process conditions are as follows: the PC substrate layer after sputtering IZO is ultrasonically cleaned with anhydrous ethanol for 20 min, then subjected to ultraviolet ozone irradiation (UV-O3) for 10 min, and then dried at 120℃ for 15 min; 10 mg / mL (H2O:H2O2=9:1) NiO is added. x The dispersion was statically spin-coated onto a PC substrate at 3000 rpm in air (spin-coating was started after the dispersion was fully spread) for 30 s. The resulting substrate was then subjected to 10 minutes of UV-O3 irradiation. Following this, a 0.5 mg / mL (EtOH) Me-4Pacz SAMs solution was statically spin-coated onto the substrate at 4000 rpm in a nitrogen atmosphere (glove box) for 30 s. The substrate was then annealed at 150°C for 10 min on a hot plate to form NiO. x / SAM hole transport layer.
[0042] Step 1.4: Prepare a perovskite light absorption layer 15 on the hole transport layer 14.
[0043] Optionally, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 15 is made of Cs. 0.15 MA 0.2FA 0.65 Pb(I 0.80 Br 0.2 3. The preparation is carried out in one step, as detailed below: First, prepare Cs 0.15 MA 0.2 FA 0.65 Pb(I 0.80 Br 0.2 )3 mixed solution, specifically, 20 mg of Pb(SCN)₂, 58.2 mg of MABr, 101.4 mg of CsI, 190.8 mg of PbBr₂, 290.6 mg of FAI, and 958.8 mg of PbI₂ were dissolved in 2 mL of DMF:NMP = 8:2 solution and stirred thoroughly until dissolved. Before use, the solution was filtered through a 0.6 μm PTFE membrane. Before spin coating, 50 μL of 2 mg / mL (IPA)BABr solution was treated at 4000 rpm for 30 s using a spin coater to dynamically coat the hole transport layer 14 to improve wettability. Then, 150 μL of the precursor solution was used to cover the surface, and the solution was treated at 1000 rpm for 5 s and 4000 rpm for 45 s. At 12 s, 200 μL of chlorobenzene was added for anti-solvent extraction. The solution was heated to 100 °C on a hot plate at 70 °C. Perovskite light-absorbing layer films were prepared by gradient annealing at ℃. After completion, 50 μL of 1 mg / mL (IPA)PEACl solution was dynamically coated onto hole transport layer 14 at 4000 rpm for 30 s, followed by annealing for 10 min to complete modification and passivation, yielding Cs. 0.15 MA 0.2 FA 0.65 Pb(I 0.80 Br 0.2 )3 Perovskite light-absorbing layer of material 15.
[0044] Step 1.5: Prepare an electron transport layer 16 on the perovskite light absorption layer 15.
[0045] Specifically, an electron transport layer of SnO2 with a thickness of 30 nm was grown on the substrate using ALD.
[0046] Step 1.6: Etch away the hole transport layer 14, perovskite light absorption layer 15 and electron transport layer 16 in the fourth end region. The remaining hole transport layer 14, perovskite light absorption layer 15 and electron transport layer 16 must cover the end of the transparent conductive anode 12 to prevent short circuit between the cathode and anode.
[0047] The specific process parameters are as follows: nitrogen atmosphere, laser power of 12.5%, scanning speed of 100-500 mm / s, and frequency of 200 KHz.
[0048] Step 1.7: Continuously fabricate a transparent conductive cathode 17 on the polymer substrate layer 11 and the electron transport layer 16 in the fourth end region. Specifically, a transparent conductive cathode 17 is continuously fabricated on the polymer substrate layer 11 and the electron transport layer 16 in the fourth end region using a magnetron sputtering process.
[0049] Specific processes include, for example: at room temperature, under an argon atmosphere, at 2×10 -4 A transparent conductive cathode with a thickness of 200 nm was prepared by sputtering IZO with Pa and 100 W radio frequency.
[0050] Step 1.8: Etch the hole transport layer 14, perovskite light absorption layer 15, electron transport layer 16 and transparent conductive cathode 17 in the third end region to expose the transparent conductive anode 12 in the third end region, and etch away the transparent conductive anode 12, hole transport layer 14, perovskite light absorption layer 15, electron transport layer 16 and transparent conductive cathode 17 in the first end region and the second end region to expose the polymer substrate layer 11 in the first end region and the second end region.
[0051] Step 1.9: Prepare a plurality of first through holes 13 evenly spaced along the first direction V1 in the transparent conductive anode 12 located in the third end region, and prepare a plurality of second through holes 18 evenly spaced along the first direction V1 in the transparent conductive cathode 17 located in the fourth end region. The first through holes 13 extend from the upper surface of the transparent conductive anode 12 to the lower surface of the transparent conductive anode 12 to expose the polymer substrate layer 11 inside the first through holes 13, and the second through holes 18 extend from the upper surface of the transparent conductive cathode 17 to the lower surface of the transparent conductive cathode 17 to expose the polymer substrate layer 11 inside the second through holes 18.
[0052] Specifically, a first through hole 13 and a second through hole 18 are formed by laser etching of the transparent conductive anode 12 in the third end region and the transparent conductive cathode 17 in the fourth end region.
[0053] For example, the diameter of the first through hole 13 is 1 mm, and the distance between two adjacent first through holes 13 is 2 mm. For example, the diameter of the second through hole 18 is 1 mm, and the distance between two adjacent second through holes 18 is 2 mm.
[0054] It should be noted that this embodiment uses a solution method to prepare the perovskite light-absorbing layer, which includes, but is not limited to, solution methods. Furthermore, the composition of the perovskite absorber layer is not limited to organic, hybrid, or all-inorganic perovskites.
[0055] Step 2: All perovskite solar cells 1 are fused together in an array using hot-melt heating or laser heating to form a perovskite solar cell unit. The overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells 1 along the first direction V1 is the first fusion connection area, and the overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells 1 along the second direction V2 is the second fusion connection area, thus achieving both physical and electrical connection. The first direction V1 and the second direction V2 are perpendicular to each other.
[0056] Specifically, the polymer substrate layers 11 of the first end region and the polymer substrate layers 11 of the second end region of the two perovskite solar cells 1 are overlapped and fused together by thermal fusion heating or laser heating to form a first fusion connection region; the transparent conductive anode 12 of the third end region and the transparent conductive cathode 17 of the fourth end region of the two perovskite solar cells 1 are overlapped, and all the first through holes 13 of the overlapping third end region coincide with all the second through holes 18 of the fourth end region, and then fused together by thermal fusion heating or laser heating to form a second fusion connection region.
[0057] In other words, perovskite cells 1 are stacked along the edge with one positive and one negative electrode, and the etched first through hole 13 and second through hole 18 are aligned. For the other two sides, the polymer substrate layer 11 exposed by the two perovskite cells 1 along the first direction V1 is stacked, and then the corresponding parts are fused together by infrared laser heating or hot melt heating to build the physical and electrical connection between adjacent cell units. The transparent electrodes are tightly connected together by welding stress to form a good electrical interconnection, thereby initially forming a cell assembly.
[0058] For laser heating, either a 1064 nm or 1710 nm laser is used. For a 1064 nm laser: taking a 50 W laser source as an example, the energy is 30-60% (i.e., the output power is 30-60% of the laser head power; the laser is modulated at a certain frequency so that the heated area can diffuse the heat-melting zone), the frequency is 5 kHz-50 kHz, and the defocusing amount is 1 to 5 mm. A single point is heated for 10-50 ms to form a good fusion point. For a 1710 nm laser: taking a 20 W laser source as an example, the energy is 50-80%, the frequency is 5-50 kHz, and the defocusing amount is 1 to 5 mm. A single point is heated for 50-200 ms to form a good fusion point.
[0059] For hot-melt heating, a metal / ceramic heating head at 180-220 ℃ can be used to heat a single point for 1-3 seconds, applying a pressure of 0.1-0.3MPa to form a weld point. Furthermore, to ensure the rigidity of the entire component, additional reinforcing strips can be welded onto the non-light-receiving surface as stiffeners in this step.
[0060] Step 3: Prepare an encapsulation layer 3 on top of each perovskite cell 1, and fuse the sidewall of the encapsulation layer 3 with the adjacent perovskite cell 1 by means of hot melting heating or laser heating.
[0061] Specifically, the encapsulation layer 3 is placed on the transparent conductive cathode 17 of the perovskite battery cell prepared in step 2. The encapsulation layer 3 is then tightly bonded to the transparent conductive cathode 17 by vacuum hot pressing. Afterward, infrared laser heating or hot melt heating is used to fuse the encapsulation layer around the perimeter, so that it forms a tight connection with the surrounding substrate, achieving a gapless encapsulation effect, thereby completing the battery module encapsulation.
[0062] For laser heating, either a 1064 nm or 1710 nm laser is used. For a 1064 nm laser: taking a 50 W laser source as an example, the energy is 30-60% (i.e., the output power is 30-60% of the laser head power; the laser is modulated at a certain frequency so that the heated area can diffuse the heat-melting zone), the frequency is 5 kHz-50 kHz, the defocusing amount is 1 to 5 mm, and the scanning speed is 20 mm / s-100 mm / s to form a good fusion edge. For a 1710 nm laser: taking a 20 W laser source as an example, the energy is 50-80%, the frequency is 5-50 kHz, the defocusing amount is 1 to 5 mm, and the scanning speed is 5 mm / s-20 mm / s to form a good fusion edge.
[0063] For hot-melt heating, a metal / ceramic heating head at 180-220 ℃ can be used to heat the edge for 1-3 seconds, applying a pressure of 0.1-0.3MPa to form a weld point.
[0064] Optionally, the encapsulation layer 3 is a PC polymer.
[0065] It should be noted that in step 3, different optical components / decorative components can also be mounted on the encapsulation layer 3 as needed. For example, a reflective layer, a filter layer, etc. can be mounted on the encapsulation layer 3 according to optical / decorative requirements to meet the design requirements of the splicing pattern.
[0066] This invention employs a laser-welded or thermal-welded connection scheme for perovskite solar cells, eliminating the need for traditional metal welding strips, conductive adhesives, or mechanical clips. It also utilizes transparent cell units paired with an IZO / ITO transparent conductive layer, facilitating decorative applications and better aligning with splicing pattern designs. Furthermore, this invention avoids the drawbacks of complex processes and low integration caused by additional structural components, fully leveraging the excellent photoelectric properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials, reducing cell efficiency loss, simplifying the production process, improving module integration efficiency, and lowering manufacturing costs. In addition, the gapless encapsulation process ensures a tight fit between the perovskite cell units and the encapsulation layer, contributing to improved water and oxygen stability of the spliced perovskite solar cell modules. The encapsulation layer can also accommodate optical / decorative components to meet diverse needs, enhancing the module's adaptability in curved building photovoltaics, portable photovoltaic devices, and lightweight decorative photovoltaic products.
[0067] The preparation method provided by this invention takes polymer substrate pretreatment, patterned transparent electrode preparation, fusion integration and gapless encapsulation as core steps, taking into account both the operability and cost control requirements of the preparation process. It has the advantages of low cost, easy implementation and easy reproducibility, and can stably produce highly integrated, low-loss spliced perovskite solar cell modules. It provides an ideal technical approach for their industrialization and promotion in high-integration photovoltaic scenarios, and has certain benefits for promoting the practical application of such products.
[0068] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of the invention.
[0069] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.
[0070] Although the invention has been described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments by reviewing the accompanying drawings and the disclosure in carrying out the claimed invention. In the description of the invention, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, "a" or "an" does not exclude a plurality, and "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, while different embodiments may describe certain measures, this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.
[0071] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0072] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0073] The above description, in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, provides a further detailed explanation of the present invention. It should not be construed that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, various simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and all such modifications and substitutions should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A spliced perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that, include: A perovskite solar cell unit is formed by splicing together several perovskite solar cells arranged in an array. The overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells along a first direction is a first fusion connection area, and the overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells along a second direction is a second fusion connection area, thus realizing both physical and electrical connection. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. Several encapsulation layers are provided, with one of the encapsulation layers disposed on top of each of the perovskite solar cells.
2. The spliced perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second fusion bonding area is the bonding area between the transparent conductive cathode and the transparent conductive anode of two adjacent perovskite solar cells.
3. The spliced perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first welded area and the second welded area are formed by hot melting or laser heating.
4. The spliced perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell includes: A polymer substrate layer, the polymer substrate layer comprising a central region, a first end region and a second end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central region along a first direction, and a third end region and a fourth end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central region along a second direction; A transparent conductive anode is disposed on the polymer substrate layer in the middle region and the third end region. The transparent conductive anode in the third end region is provided with a plurality of first through holes evenly spaced along the first direction. The first through holes extend from the upper surface of the transparent conductive anode to the lower surface of the transparent conductive anode to expose the polymer substrate layer within the first through holes. A hole transport layer is disposed on the transparent conductive anode, excluding the intermediate region; A perovskite light absorption layer is disposed on the hole transport layer; An electron transport layer is disposed on the perovskite light-absorbing layer; A transparent conductive cathode is continuously disposed on the polymer substrate layer and the electron transport layer in the fourth end region. The transparent conductive cathode in the fourth end region is provided with a plurality of second through holes evenly spaced along the first direction. The second through holes extend from the upper surface of the transparent conductive cathode to the lower surface of the transparent conductive cathode to expose the polymer substrate layer within the second through holes.
5. The spliced perovskite solar cell module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first fusion connection area is the fusion area where the polymer substrate layers of the first end region and the polymer substrate layers of the second end region of two adjacent perovskite solar cells overlap; The second fusion connection area is a fusion area where the transparent conductive anodes of the third end region and the transparent conductive cathodes of the fourth end region of two adjacent perovskite cells overlap, and all the first through holes of the overlapping third end regions coincide with all the second through holes of the fourth end regions.
6. The spliced perovskite solar cell module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The encapsulation layer and the polymer base layer are made of the same material.
7. The spliced perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top surface of the encapsulation layer and the bottom surface of the perovskite solar cell are on the same horizontal plane.
8. A method for preparing a spliced perovskite solar cell module, characterized in that, The method for preparing the spliced perovskite solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprises: Fabrication of perovskite solar cells; All the perovskite solar cells are fused together in an array using hot-melt heating or laser heating to form a perovskite solar cell unit. The overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells along the first direction is the first fusion connection area, and the overlapping area between two adjacent perovskite solar cells along the second direction is the second fusion connection area, thus achieving both physical and electrical connection. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. An encapsulation layer is prepared on top of each of the perovskite solar cells, and the sidewalls of the encapsulation layer are fused to the adjacent perovskite solar cells by means of thermal fusion heating or laser heating.
9. The spliced perovskite solar cell module according to claim 8, characterized in that, Fabrication of perovskite solar cells includes: A polymer substrate layer is prepared, the polymer substrate layer comprising a central region, a first end region and a second end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central region along a first direction, and a third end region and a fourth end region symmetrically disposed on both sides of the central region along a second direction; A transparent conductive anode is fabricated on the polymer substrate layer in the portion other than the fourth end region, and the polymer substrate layer in the fourth end region is exposed; A hole transport layer is prepared on the polymer substrate layer of the transparent conductive anode and the fourth end region; A perovskite light-absorbing layer is fabricated on the hole transport layer; An electron transport layer is fabricated on the perovskite light-absorbing layer; The hole transport layer, the perovskite light absorption layer, and the electron transport layer in the fourth end region are etched away, wherein the remaining hole transport layer, perovskite light absorption layer, and electron transport layer cover the end of the transparent conductive anode; A transparent conductive cathode is continuously fabricated on the polymer substrate layer and the electron transport layer 16 in the fourth end region; The hole transport layer, perovskite light absorption layer, electron transport layer and transparent conductive cathode of the third end region are etched to expose the transparent conductive anode of the third end region, and the transparent conductive anode, hole transport layer, perovskite light absorption layer, electron transport layer and transparent conductive cathode of the first end region and the second end region are etched to expose the polymer substrate layer of the first end region and the second end region. A plurality of first through holes are uniformly spaced along a first direction in a transparent conductive anode located in the third end region, and a plurality of second through holes are uniformly spaced along a first direction in a transparent conductive cathode located in the fourth end region. The first through holes and the second through holes both extend from the upper surface of the transparent conductive anode to the lower surface of the transparent conductive anode to expose the polymer substrate layer inside the first through holes and the second through holes.
10. The spliced perovskite solar cell module according to claim 8, characterized in that, All the perovskite solar cells are fused together in an array using either thermal fusion heating or laser heating to form a perovskite solar cell unit, including: The polymer substrate layers of the first end region and the polymer substrate layers of the second end region of the two perovskite solar cells are overlapped and fused together by thermal melting or laser heating to form the first fused connection area. The transparent conductive anodes in the third end regions and the transparent conductive cathodes in the fourth end regions of the two perovskite solar cells are overlapped, and all the first through holes in the overlapping third end regions coincide with all the second through holes in the fourth end regions. Then, they are fused together by hot-melt heating or laser heating to form the second fusion connection area.