Spraying device for perovskite solar cell and operation method
By designing a closed-environment spraying device and air purification methods, the problems of solution uniformity and environmental pollution during the spraying process of perovskite solar cells were solved, thereby achieving stability and efficiency improvement in cell performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- LANZHOU PETROCHEMICAL VOCATIONAL & TECH UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
Perovskite solar cells suffer from problems such as difficulty in controlling the uniformity of the perovskite solution and susceptibility to environmental pollution during the spraying process, leading to unstable cell performance.
A spraying device including an environmental control component and a spraying component was designed. The external environment is sealed by the box, the air is purified by the gas supply mechanism, and the ultrasonic nozzle is used to accurately position the spraying in three-dimensional space to ensure uniform distribution of the solution. The heating wire promotes crystallization.
It improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells, avoids the oxidation and hydrolysis of perovskite materials, and ensures the uniformity of spraying and adaptability to different substrate sizes.
Smart Images
Figure CN121892335A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar cell technology, and specifically to a spraying apparatus and operating method for perovskite solar cells. Background Technology
[0002] Perovskite solar cells are considered a key candidate for next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their high efficiency, low cost, and flexible fabrication. However, perovskite materials are extremely sensitive to water, oxygen, high temperatures, and ultraviolet radiation, and are prone to decomposition, leading to performance degradation. Furthermore, the fabrication process of the perovskite layer directly affects the cell's efficiency and stability. Currently, methods for preparing perovskite layers include solution methods and vapor deposition methods. Among these, solution methods are favored due to their low cost and simple process; however, solution methods face many challenges in preparing perovskite layers, such as difficulty in controlling solution uniformity, susceptibility to defects during the spraying process, and significant influence from environmental factors.
[0003] In the prior art, it is difficult to ensure the uniform distribution of the perovskite solution during the spraying of the perovskite layer of perovskite solar cells, which can easily lead to inconsistent cell performance. Furthermore, the perovskite solution is easily contaminated by water, oxygen, dust and other environmental pollutants during the spraying process, which further exacerbates the instability of cell performance. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a spraying apparatus and operating method for perovskite solar cells, so as to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A coating apparatus for perovskite solar cells includes a base, a conveying assembly disposed at the upper end of the base, and further includes: An environmental control component includes a housing, a conveying component at the lower end of the housing, an air inlet pipe at the upper outer end of the housing, an air delivery mechanism inside the air inlet pipe for removing impurities from the air entering the housing, and an air outlet pipe at the lower end of the housing away from the air inlet pipe. A spraying assembly is disposed on the upper side inside the housing. The spraying assembly includes a first linear drive component, which is disposed on a second linear drive component. The second linear drive component is disposed on a third linear drive component, which is disposed inside the housing. An ultrasonic nozzle is disposed on the first linear drive component. The first, second, and third linear drive components drive the ultrasonic nozzle to move in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The ultrasonic nozzle is connected to one end of a material tube, and the other end of the material tube is connected to a container.
[0006] As described above, the conveying assembly includes two conveying rollers, which are rotatably mounted on the upper end of the base. The two conveying rollers are connected by a conveyor belt, and the middle part of the conveyor belt is located on the lower inner side of the housing.
[0007] As described above, the outer side of the conveyor belt is provided with multiple receiving grooves, and the conveyor belt at the receiving grooves is uniformly provided with perforations.
[0008] As described above, two adjustment plates are symmetrically arranged on one side of the box, and the end of the adjustment plate away from the box is flared.
[0009] As described above, the conveying assembly also includes a heat transfer plate, which is disposed between the conveyor belts. The heat transfer plate has multiple heating wires inside, and the upper end of the heat transfer plate is attached to the surface of the conveyor belt.
[0010] As described above, a baffle is rotatably installed inside the air outlet pipe, a buffer spring is installed between the baffle and the air outlet pipe, and a sealing element is installed between the baffle and the air outlet pipe.
[0011] As described above, the gas delivery mechanism includes a filter element, which is slidably disposed inside the air inlet pipe. The end of the filter element is fixed by a retaining spring. The air inlet also includes a gas delivery motor, the output end of which is equipped with a turbo fan. Furthermore, a deoxygenation drying unit is disposed at the end of the air inlet pipe away from the filter element.
[0012] The aforementioned deoxygenation drying unit includes a housing with a bent tube on it. One end of the bent tube is connected to the air inlet pipe. A desiccant is placed inside the bent tube. A deoxygenation bottle is placed at the other end of the bent tube. A deoxygenating agent is placed inside the deoxygenation bottle. A right-angle tube is placed on the deoxygenation bottle. A filter screen is placed at the end of the right-angle tube away from the deoxygenation bottle.
[0013] A spraying operation method for perovskite solar cells, the spraying operation method for perovskite solar cells being applicable to the aforementioned spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells, includes the following steps: Step 1: Material preparation and loading: First, the prepared solution for forming the perovskite layer of solar cells is placed in the container, so that the solution can be delivered to the ultrasonic nozzle through the material pipe. Deoxidizer is added to the deoxidation bottle. Then, the substrate to be sprayed with the solution is placed at one end of the conveyor belt by manual or mechanical means, so that the conveyor roller drives the conveyor belt to rotate, so that the conveyor belt transports the placed substrate into the box. The box adjusts the position of the substrate by two symmetrically set adjustment plates, so that the substrate enters the receiving groove on the conveyor belt and is transported into the box with the conveyor belt. Step 2: Spray Coating: As the conveyor belt moves the substrate into the housing, the first, second, and third linear drive components move the ultrasonic nozzle in the X, Y, and Z directions respectively to adjust its position. When the conveyor belt brings the substrate to the lower end of the ultrasonic nozzle, the nozzle uniformly sprays the solution onto the substrate to form the perovskite layer of the solar cell. During the spraying, the solution is transported to the nozzle via a material pipe and ultimately sprayed onto the substrate on the conveyor belt. Heat is generated by the heating wire during solution spraying, and this heat is transferred to the conveyor belt via a heat transfer plate to accommodate the rising temperature. The substrate inside the tank is heated to promote crystallization and film formation of the solution on the substrate. At the same time, air enters the chamber through the air inlet pipe and is deoxygenated and dehumidified by the air delivery mechanism. At this time, the air delivery motor drives the turbine fan to rotate, so that the turbine fan draws in the airflow through the right-angle tube. The air entering the right-angle tube passes through the deoxygenating agent in the deoxygenation bottle and the desiccant in the bend pipe before entering the chamber. When the air is in the right-angle tube and the air inlet pipe, it is filtered by the filter screen and filter element to ensure that the air entering the chamber is clean and oxygen-free and dry. This ensures that the gas entering the chamber from the air inlet pipe cools the lower end of the container and the solution in the material tube, thereby preventing the solution from decomposing or evaporating at high temperatures. The air in the chamber is pushed out from the air outlet pipe by the newly entered air. Step 3: Material collection: After the substrate is coated, the heat generated by the heating wire can be transferred to the substrate through the heat transfer plate and the conveyor belt, which accelerates the drying of the substrate after the coating solution is applied. At the same time, the substrate is moved by the conveyor belt after coating, so that the substrate moves from the box and is collected along with the conveyor belt.
[0014] In the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The present invention provides a closed space for spraying through the box, which isolates the external environment from interference and prevents impurities from contacting the substrate to be sprayed. The air entering the box is purified through the air supply mechanism. The air inlet pipe introduces clean air, and the air outlet pipe maintains the air pressure inside the box and discharges polluted air, thereby reducing the risk of oxidation and hydrolysis of perovskite materials and improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and long-term stability of the battery. 2. The present invention controls the movement of the ultrasonic nozzle in the X, Y and Z directions by the first linear drive, the second linear drive and the third linear drive respectively, so as to achieve precise positioning of the nozzle in three-dimensional space, flexibly cover the substrate placement area, ensure uniform coating, adapt to substrates of different sizes, improve the versatility of the device, and accurately control the film thickness. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.
[0016] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a coating apparatus for perovskite solar cells provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Provided for another embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point M; Figure 3 Provided for another embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point S; Figure 4 Provided for another embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point K; Figure 5 Provided for another embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 A magnified view of N points.
[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1. Base; 2. Conveying assembly; 20. Conveying roller; 21. Conveying belt; 210. Receiving tank; 22. Heat transfer plate; 23. Heating wire; 3. Environmental control assembly; 30. Housing; 300. Adjusting plate; 31. Air inlet pipe; 32. Air delivery mechanism; 320. Filter element; 321. Air delivery motor; 322. Turbine fan; 323. Deoxidation and drying unit; 3230. Outer shell; 3231. Bend; 3232. Desiccant; 3233. Deoxidation bottle; 3234. Deoxidizer; 3235. Right angle tube; 3236. Filter screen; 33. Air outlet pipe; 330. Baffle; 331. Buffer spring; 4. Spraying assembly; 40. First linear drive; 41. Second linear drive; 42. Third linear drive; 43. Ultrasonic nozzle; 44. Material pipe; 45. Container. Detailed Implementation
[0018] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "inner", "outer", "one end", "the other end", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0020] like Figures 1-5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a spraying device for perovskite solar cells, including a base 1, a conveying assembly 2 disposed on the upper end of the base 1, and further comprising: The environmental control component 3 includes a housing 30. A conveying component 2 is provided at the lower end of the housing 30. An air inlet pipe 31 is provided on the upper side of the outer end of the housing 30. An air conveying mechanism 32 is provided inside the air inlet pipe 31. The air conveying mechanism 32 is used to remove impurities in the air entering the housing 30. An air outlet pipe 33 is provided on the lower side of the end of the housing 30 away from the air inlet pipe 31. The spraying assembly 4 is located inside the upper side of the housing 30. The spraying assembly 4 includes a first linear drive 40, which is mounted on a second linear drive 41. The second linear drive 41 is mounted on a third linear drive 42, which is located inside the housing 30. An ultrasonic nozzle 43 is mounted on the first linear drive 40. The first linear drive 40, the second linear drive 41, and the third linear drive 42 drive the ultrasonic nozzle 43 to move in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The ultrasonic nozzle 43 is connected to one end of the material pipe 44, and the other end of the material pipe 44 is connected to the container 45. The specific implementation method is as follows: The prepared solution for forming the perovskite layer of the solar cell is placed in the container 45, allowing the solution to be transported to the ultrasonic nozzle 43 through the material pipe 44. Then, the substrate to be coated with the solution is placed at one end of the conveying assembly 2, either manually or mechanically, so that the conveying assembly 2 transports the placed substrate into the housing 30. At this time, the first linear drive 40, the second linear drive 41, and the third linear drive 42 drive the ultrasonic nozzle 43 to move in the X, Y, and Z directions respectively, so as to adjust the position of the ultrasonic nozzle 43. This allows the solution for forming the perovskite layer to be transported to the ultrasonic nozzle 43 through the material pipe 44 and finally sprayed onto the substrate by the ultrasonic nozzle 43. During the coating process, air enters the housing 30 through the air inlet pipe 31. The air entering the housing 30 is deoxygenated and dehumidified by the air conveying mechanism 32, ensuring that the gas entering the housing 30 from the air inlet pipe 31 cools the lower end of the container 45 and the solution in the material pipe 44, thereby preventing the solution from decomposing or evaporating at high temperatures. The air in the housing 30 is pushed out from the air outlet pipe 33 by the newly entered air. The housing 30 can isolate the external environment and prevent pollutants such as water, oxygen, and dust from entering. The air inlet pipe 31 and the air outlet pipe 33 are used to introduce and discharge inert gases (such as nitrogen or argon) to maintain a low-oxygen environment in the housing 30. In addition, the air entering the housing 30 from the air inlet pipe 31 is first discharged from the connection between the housing 30 and the conveying assembly 2, so that the discharged air avoids the outside air from entering the housing 30 from the connection between the housing 30 and the conveying assembly 2 and contaminating the spraying environment.
[0021] In another embodiment of the present invention, the conveying assembly 2 includes two conveying rollers 20, which are rotatably mounted on the upper end of the base 1. The two conveying rollers 20 are connected by a conveyor belt 21, and the middle part of the conveyor belt 21 is located on the lower side of the inside of the box 30. The specific implementation method is as follows: During spraying, the upper side of the conveyor belt 21 is rotated into the box 30 by the conveyor roller 20. At the same time, the substrate is placed on the upper side of the conveyor belt 21 by mechanical or manual means, so that the conveyor belt 21 moves the substrate into the box 30. The conveyor belt 21 slowly transports the substrate to be sprayed to the lower end of the ultrasonic nozzle 43. The ultrasonic nozzle 43 is driven to move in the X, Y and Z directions by the first linear drive member 40, the second linear drive member 41 and the third linear drive member 42, respectively, so that the ultrasonic nozzle 43 sprays the solution evenly on the outside of the substrate.
[0022] In another embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of receiving grooves 210 are provided on the outer side of the conveyor belt 21, and the conveyor belt 21 at the receiving grooves 210 is uniformly provided with perforations. The specific implementation method is as follows: When placing the substrate, the substrate to be sprayed is placed on the upper side of the conveyor belt 21 by manual or robotic arm. At this time, the conveyor belt 21 can drive the substrate placed on it to move towards the box 30. Under the obstruction of the box 30, the substrate will fall into the receiving groove 210. At this time, the upper end surface of the substrate is slightly lower than the upper end surface of the conveyor belt 21, or the upper end surface of the substrate is flush with the upper end surface of the conveyor belt 21. At this time, the conveyor belt 21 can drive the substrate into the box 30. The drainage hole at the receiving groove 210 facilitates the substrate to enter the receiving groove 210, avoiding the situation where air gaps exist between the receiving groove 210 and the substrate, making it difficult for the substrate to enter the receiving groove 210. At the same time, the drainage hole facilitates the drainage of the solution accumulated in the receiving groove 210, avoiding the situation where the substrate is soaked in the solution, ensuring that the solution is sprayed rather than dipped on the substrate surface, and ensuring that the substrate solution can form a uniform perovskite layer on the substrate surface.
[0023] In another embodiment of the present invention, two adjustment plates 300 are symmetrically arranged on one side of the housing 30, and the end of the adjustment plate 300 away from the housing 30 is flared. The specific implementation method is as follows: After the substrate is placed on the rotating conveyor belt 21 by a person or a robot, the substrate moves towards the box 30 with the conveyor belt 21. At this time, the substrate gradually enters between the two adjustment plates 300 from the flared opening of the adjustment plate 300, so that the two adjustment plates 300 align the substrate. Under the obstruction of the box 30, the substrate will slide on the conveyor belt 21. At this time, the substrate is stationary relative to the box 30. When the receiving groove 210 on the conveyor belt 21 moves to the bottom of the substrate, the substrate can fall into the receiving groove 210 under its own gravity. At this time, the conveyor belt 21 can drive the substrate into the box 30 through the receiving groove 210.
[0024] In another embodiment of the present invention, the conveying assembly 2 further includes a heat transfer plate 22, which is disposed between the conveyor belts 21. The heat transfer plate 22 is provided with a plurality of heating wires 23 inside, and the upper end of the heat transfer plate 22 is attached to the surface of the conveyor belt 21. The specific implementation method is as follows: After the heating wire 23 is powered, it generates heat and transfers the heat to the heat transfer plate 22. The heat is then transferred to the conveyor belt 21 through the heat transfer plate 22 which is in contact with the conveyor belt 21, causing the conveyor belt 21 to heat up. This causes the heated conveyor belt 21 to heat the substrate, thereby promoting the crystallization and film formation of the solution on the substrate.
[0025] In another embodiment of the present invention, a baffle 330 is rotatably provided inside the air outlet pipe 33, a buffer spring 331 is provided between the baffle 330 and the air outlet pipe 33, and a sealing element is provided between the baffle 330 and the air outlet pipe 33. The specific implementation method is as follows: As the gas conveying mechanism 32 continuously delivers clean, deoxygenated, and dried airflow into the housing 30, the gas inside the housing 30 is difficult to discharge in time from the connection between the housing 30 and the conveyor belt 21, causing the air pressure inside the housing 30 to continuously increase. At this time, the gradually increasing air pressure inside the housing 30 forces out the baffle 330 in the air pipe 33, causing the baffle 330 to compress the buffer spring 331 and rotate along the air outlet pipe 33, thereby releasing the seal of the baffle 330 on the air outlet pipe 33. Airflow can be discharged from the vent pipe 33 to the outside of the housing 30 so that the vent pipe 33 can balance the pressure inside the housing 30. As the gas inside the housing 30 is discharged, the air pressure inside the housing 30 decreases. At this time, the buffer spring 331 squeezes the baffle 330, causing the baffle 330 to rotate in the opposite direction inside the vent pipe 33 so that the baffle 330 can reset and reseal the vent pipe 33. The seal between the baffle 330 and the vent pipe 33 can seal the gap between them to prevent the gas inside the housing 30 from leaking from the vent pipe 33.
[0026] In another embodiment of the present invention, the gas delivery mechanism 32 includes a filter element 320, which is slidably disposed in the air inlet pipe 31. The end of the filter element 320 is fixed by a snap ring. The air inlet pipe 31 is also provided with a gas delivery motor 321. The output end of the gas delivery motor 321 is provided with a turbo fan 322, and the end of the air inlet pipe 31 away from the filter element 320 is provided with a deoxygenation drying unit 323. The specific implementation method is as follows: During substrate spraying, in order to ensure the spraying environment of the substrate, the air supply motor 321 drives the turbine fan 322 to rotate, so that the turbine fan 322 draws outside air into the air intake pipe 31 through the deoxygenation drying unit 323. After the outside air enters the deoxygenation drying unit 323, the air is deoxygenated and dried by the deoxygenation drying unit 323. After the deoxygenated and dried gas enters the air intake pipe 31, it is filtered by the filter element 320 to ensure that the air entering the chamber 30 is clean, deoxygenated and dry.
[0027] The deoxygenation drying unit 323 includes a housing 3230, a bent tube 3231 disposed on the housing 3230, one end of the bent tube 3231 being connected to the air inlet pipe 31, a desiccant 3232 disposed inside the bent tube 3231, a deoxygenation bottle 3233 disposed at the other end of the bent tube 3231, a deoxygenation agent 3234 disposed inside the deoxygenation bottle 3233, a right-angle tube 3235 disposed on the deoxygenation bottle 3233, and a filter screen 3236 disposed at the end of the right-angle tube 3235 away from the deoxygenation bottle 3233; The specific implementation method is as follows: The gas transmission motor 321 drives the turbofan 322 to rotate, so that when the turbofan 322 draws outside air into the intake pipe 31 through the deoxygenation and drying unit 323, the outside air enters the right-angle pipe 3235 and is filtered by the filter screen 3236 to prevent large particles of dust and other impurities from entering the right-angle pipe 3235. The air entering the right-angle pipe 3235 enters the deoxygenating agent 3234, so that the deoxygenating agent 3234 removes most of the oxygen in the air. At the same time, the deoxygenating agent 3234 can filter the air again. In order to remove small particulate impurities from the air, the deoxygenated air then enters the bend 3231, where the desiccant 3232 dries the deoxygenated air. After a period of use, the deoxygenator 3234 and desiccant 3232 of the perovskite solar cell spraying device need to be replaced. After deoxygenation and drying, the air finally enters the intake pipe 31, where the filter element 320 in the intake pipe 31 performs a third filtration of the air, ensuring that the air entering the housing 30 through the intake pipe 31 is clean, deoxygenated and dry.
[0028] A spraying method for perovskite solar cells, applicable to a spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells, includes the following steps: Step 1: Material Preparation and Loading: First, the prepared solution for forming the perovskite layer of the solar cell is placed in the container 45, allowing the solution to be conveyed to the ultrasonic nozzle 43 through the material pipe 44. Deoxidizer 3234 is added to the deoxidation bottle 3233. Then, the substrate to be coated is placed at one end of the conveyor belt 21 manually or mechanically. The conveyor roller 20 drives the conveyor belt 21 to rotate, causing the conveyor belt 21 to transport the placed substrate into the housing 30. The housing 30 uses two symmetrically arranged adjusting plates 300 to adjust the position of the substrate, ensuring it enters the receiving groove 21 on the conveyor belt 21. The substrate is conveyed into the housing 30 along with the conveyor belt 21. Specifically, the substrate moves into the housing 30 along with the conveyor belt 21. At this time, the substrate gradually enters between the two adjustment plates 300 from the flared opening of the adjustment plate 300, so that the two adjustment plates 300 align the substrate. Under the obstruction of the housing 30, the substrate will slide on the conveyor belt 21. At this time, the substrate is stationary relative to the housing 30. When the receiving groove 210 on the conveyor belt 21 moves to the bottom of the substrate, the substrate can fall into the receiving groove 210 under its own gravity. At this time, the conveyor belt 21 can drive the substrate into the housing 30 through the receiving groove 210. Step 2: Spraying Process: When the conveyor belt 21 moves the substrate into the housing 30, the first linear drive 40, the second linear drive 41, and the third linear drive 42 drive the ultrasonic nozzle 43 to move in the X, Y, and Z directions respectively, so as to adjust the position of the ultrasonic nozzle 43. When the conveyor belt 21 moves the substrate to the lower end of the ultrasonic nozzle 43, the ultrasonic nozzle 43 sprays the solution evenly onto the substrate to form the perovskite layer of the solar cell. When the ultrasonic nozzle 43 sprays the solution for forming the perovskite layer onto the substrate, the solution is transported to the ultrasonic nozzle 43 through the material pipe 44 and finally sprayed onto the substrate on the conveyor belt 21 by the ultrasonic nozzle 43. The drain holes on the receiving tank 210 facilitate the discharge of the solution accumulated in the receiving tank 210. To prevent the substrate from being immersed in the solution, the solution is sprayed rather than dipped onto the substrate surface, ensuring that a uniform perovskite layer is formed on the substrate surface. During solution spraying, heat is generated by the heating wire 23, which is transferred to the conveyor belt 21 via the heat transfer plate 22. This heated conveyor belt 21 heats the substrate in its receiving tank 210, promoting solution crystallization and film formation on the substrate. Simultaneously, air enters the housing 30 through the air inlet pipe 31 and is deoxygenated and dehumidified by the air delivery mechanism 32. The air delivery motor 321 drives the turbine fan 322 to rotate, drawing airflow from the right-angle pipe 3235. The air delivery motor 321 then drives the turbine fan. Rotation of turbine 322 causes it to draw outside air into intake pipe 31 through deoxygenation and drying unit 323. After entering deoxygenation and drying unit 323, the outside air undergoes deoxygenation and drying treatment. The deoxygenated and dried air then enters intake pipe 31 and is filtered by filter element 320, ensuring that the air entering the housing 30 remains clean, deoxygenated, and dry. Outside air entering right-angle tube 3235 is filtered by filter screen 3236 to prevent large particles of dust and other impurities from entering. The air entering right-angle tube 3235 then enters deoxygenating agent 3234, where it removes most of the oxygen from the air. Simultaneously, deoxygenating agent 3234... The air is filtered again to remove small particulate impurities. The deoxygenated air then enters the bend pipe 3231, where the desiccant 3232 dries the deoxygenated air. The deoxidizer 3234 and desiccant 3232 need to be replaced after a period of use in the perovskite solar cell coating device. The deoxygenated and dried air then enters the inlet pipe 31, where the filter element 320 performs a third filtration, ensuring that the air entering the housing 30 through the inlet pipe 31 is clean, deoxygenated, and dry. This allows the gas entering the housing 30 through the inlet pipe 31 to cool the lower end of the container 45 and the solution in the material pipe 44, preventing the solution from decomposing or evaporating at high temperatures.The air inside the housing 30 is pushed out of the exhaust pipe 33 by the newly entering air. Furthermore, as the air supply mechanism 32 continuously delivers clean, deoxygenated, and dried airflow into the housing 30, the gas inside the housing 30 cannot be discharged from the connection between the housing 30 and the conveyor belt 21 in a timely manner, causing the air pressure inside the housing 30 to continuously increase. At this time, the gradually increasing air pressure inside the housing 30 forces out the baffle 330 inside the exhaust pipe 33, causing the baffle 330 to compress the buffer spring 331 and rotate along the exhaust pipe 33, thereby releasing the baffle 330 from its tight seal on the exhaust pipe 33. When the chamber is sealed, the airflow inside the chamber 30 can be discharged from the vent pipe 33 to the outside of the chamber 30, so that the vent pipe 33 can balance the pressure inside the chamber 30. As the gas inside the chamber 30 is discharged, the air pressure inside the chamber 30 decreases. At this time, the buffer spring 331 presses the baffle 330, causing the baffle 330 to rotate in the opposite direction inside the vent pipe 33, so that the baffle 330 can reset and reseal the vent pipe 33. The seal between the baffle 330 and the vent pipe 33 can seal the gap between them, preventing the gas inside the chamber 30 from leaking from the vent pipe 33. Step 3: Material collection: After the substrate is coated, the heat generated by the heating wire 23 can be transferred to the substrate through the heat transfer plate 22 and the conveyor belt 21, which accelerates the drying of the substrate after the coating solution is applied. At the same time, the substrate after coating is moved by the conveyor belt 21, so that the substrate moves from the box 30 and is collected along with the conveyor belt 21.
[0029] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
Claims
1. A spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells, comprising a base (1), wherein a conveying assembly (2) is disposed at the upper end of the base (1), characterized in that, Also includes: An environmental control component (3) includes a housing (30), the lower end of which is provided with the conveying component (2), an air inlet pipe (31) is provided on the upper side of the outer end of the housing (30), an air delivery mechanism (32) is provided inside the air inlet pipe (31), the air delivery mechanism (32) is used to remove impurities from the air entering the housing (30), and an air outlet pipe (33) is provided on the lower side of the end of the housing (30) away from the air inlet pipe (31). The spraying assembly (4) is disposed on the upper side inside the housing (30). The spraying assembly (4) includes a first linear drive (40), which is disposed on a second linear drive (41). The second linear drive (41) is disposed on a third linear drive (42), which is disposed inside the housing (30). An ultrasonic nozzle (43) is disposed on the first linear drive (42). The first linear drive (40), the second linear drive (41), and the third linear drive (42) drive the ultrasonic nozzle (43) to move in the X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. The ultrasonic nozzle (43) is connected to one end of a material pipe (44), and the other end of the material pipe (44) is connected to a container (45).
2. The spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveying assembly (2) includes two conveying rollers (20), which are rotatably mounted on the upper end of the base (1). The two conveying rollers (20) are connected by a conveyor belt (21), and the middle part of the conveyor belt (21) is located on the lower inside of the housing (30).
3. The spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer side of the conveyor belt (21) is provided with a plurality of receiving grooves (210), and the conveyor belt (21) at the receiving grooves (210) is uniformly provided with perforations.
4. The spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two adjustment plates (300) are symmetrically arranged on one side of the housing (30), and the end of the adjustment plate (300) away from the housing (30) is flared.
5. A spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conveying assembly (2) also includes a heat transfer plate (22), which is disposed between the conveyor belts (21). The heat transfer plate (22) is provided with a plurality of heating wires (23) inside, and the upper end of the heat transfer plate (22) is attached to the surface of the conveyor belt (21).
6. The spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, A baffle (330) is rotatably installed inside the air outlet pipe (33), a buffer spring (331) is provided between the baffle (330) and the air outlet pipe (33), and a sealing element is provided between the baffle (330) and the air outlet pipe (33).
7. The spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas delivery mechanism (32) includes a filter element (320), which is slidably disposed in the air inlet pipe (31). The end of the filter element (320) is fixed by a snap ring. A gas delivery motor (321) is also disposed in the air inlet pipe (31). A turbo fan (322) is disposed at the output end of the gas delivery motor (321). A deoxygenation drying unit (323) is disposed at the end of the air inlet pipe (31) away from the filter element (320).
8. A spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells according to claim 7, characterized in that, The deoxygenation drying unit (323) includes a shell (3230), on which a bent tube (3231) is provided. One end of the bent tube (3231) is connected to the air inlet pipe (31). A desiccant (3232) is provided inside the bent tube (3231). A deoxygenation bottle (3233) is provided at the other end of the bent tube (3231). A deoxygenating agent (3234) is provided inside the deoxygenation bottle (3233). A right-angle tube (3235) is provided on the deoxygenation bottle (3233). A filter screen (3236) is provided at the end of the right-angle tube (3235) away from the deoxygenation bottle (3233).
9. A spraying method for perovskite solar cells, characterized in that, The spraying operation method for perovskite solar cells is applicable to the spraying apparatus for perovskite solar cells according to any one of claims 1-8, and includes the following steps: Step 1: Material preparation and loading: First, place the prepared solution for forming the perovskite layer of the solar cell in the container (45) so that the solution can be transported to the ultrasonic nozzle (43) through the material pipe (44) and add deoxidizer (3234) to the deoxidation bottle (3233). Then, place the substrate to be sprayed with solution at one end of the conveyor belt (21) by manual or mechanical means, so that the conveyor roller (20) drives the conveyor belt (21) to rotate, so that the conveyor belt (21) transports the placed substrate into the box (30). The box (30) adjusts the position of the substrate by two symmetrically arranged adjustment plates (300) so that the substrate enters the receiving groove (210) on the conveyor belt (21) and is transported into the box (30) with the conveyor belt (21). Step 2: Spray coating: When the conveyor belt (21) moves the substrate into the housing (30), the first linear drive (40), the second linear drive (41), and the third linear drive (42) drive the ultrasonic nozzle (43) to move in the X, Y, and Z directions respectively, so as to adjust the position of the ultrasonic nozzle (43) so that when the conveyor belt (21) moves the substrate to the lower end of the ultrasonic nozzle (43), the ultrasonic nozzle (43) sprays the solution evenly onto the substrate to form the calcium titanium of the solar cell. When the ultrasonic nozzle (43) sprays a solution for forming a perovskite layer onto the substrate, the solution is transported to the ultrasonic nozzle (43) through the material pipe (44) and finally sprayed onto the substrate on the conveyor belt (21) by the ultrasonic nozzle (43). When the substrate is sprayed with the solution, heat is generated by the operation of the heating wire (23), and the heat of the heating wire (23) is transferred to the conveyor belt (21) through the heat transfer plate (22), so that the heated conveyor belt (21) heats the substrate in its receiving tank (210) to promote the solution formation. Crystallization and film formation occur on the substrate, while air enters the housing (30) through the air inlet pipe (31). The air is deoxygenated and dehumidified by the air delivery mechanism (32). At this time, the air delivery motor (321) drives the turbofan (322) to rotate, so that the turbofan (322) draws the airflow from the right-angle tube (3235). The air entering the right-angle tube (3235) passes through the deoxidizer (3234) in the deoxidation bottle (3233) and the desiccant (3232) in the bent pipe (3231) before entering the housing (30). When the right-angle tube (3235) and the air inlet pipe (31) are in the box, the air is filtered by the filter screen (3236) and the filter element (320) so that the air entering the box (30) is clean and oxygen-free and dry. This ensures that the gas entering the box (30) from the air inlet pipe (31) cools the lower end of the container (45) and the solution in the material pipe (44), thereby preventing the solution from decomposing or evaporating at high temperature. The air in the box (30) is pushed out from the air outlet pipe (33) by the newly entered air. Step 3: Material collection: After the substrate is sprayed, the heat generated by the heating wire (23) can be transferred to the substrate through the heat transfer plate (22) and the conveyor belt (21) to speed up the drying of the substrate after the spraying solution. At the same time, the substrate after spraying is moved by the conveyor belt (21) so that the substrate moves from the box (30) and is collected along with the conveyor belt (21).