A cup-shaped grinding wheel for lapping and polishing and a method for dressing and using the same

Abstract

This invention belongs to the technical field of precision machining grinding wheels, and relates to a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, as well as its dressing and usage methods. The invention includes a cup-shaped grinding wheel base with a through hole, on which an annular boss is provided. An annular superhard oilstone is fitted onto the boss, and both have the same outer diameter and coaxial axes. The superhard oilstone and the upper surface of the boss are coplanar, forming a grinding working surface together, on which an annular polishing pad is detachably bonded. Magnets are embedded in the sidewalls of the grinding wheel base. The superhard oilstone is bonded to the base with high-temperature resistant adhesive, and the contact surface between the two is roughened. In use, the working surface of the oilstone is textured by laser etching and precision grinding is performed to ensure coplanar accuracy; subsequently, rough grinding, fine grinding, and polishing after the polishing pad is attached are performed on the workpiece; after processing, the grinding wheel is dressed offline to restore accuracy. This invention integrates grinding, polishing, and grinding functions, ensuring the machining accuracy of high-performance parts while also considering processing efficiency and service life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of precision machining grinding wheels, and relates to a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, as well as its dressing and usage methods. Background Technology

[0002] Grinding alone is no longer sufficient to meet the high precision and low surface roughness requirements of precision parts. While grinding can improve the removal rate and efficiency, it results in higher surface roughness, lower surface accuracy, and a greater tendency to generate microcracks, impacting the lifespan and reliability of high-performance parts. Lamination can improve surface machining accuracy to some extent and reduce surface roughness. For some optical parts requiring surface roughness Ra at the nanometer level, polishing and other processes are also necessary.

[0003] Cup-shaped grinding wheels are a widely used type of grinding wheel, extensively applied in the precision machining of ruled surfaces such as flat surfaces, cylindrical surfaces, and involute cylindrical surfaces. Traditional cup-shaped grinding wheels typically use single abrasives such as white corundum, silicon carbide, CBN, and diamond, enabling only one grinding process and preventing the simultaneous application of grinding, lapping, and polishing with a single grinding wheel.

[0004] Patent [CN213647218U] discloses a method of creating several spiral grooves or inclined grooves on the working layer of a grinding wheel body, with the same direction of rotation as the grinding wheel. The depth and length of the spiral grooves or inclined grooves penetrate the working layer of the grinding wheel body. This invention, by creating several spiral grooves or inclined grooves on the working layer of the grinding wheel body, can improve technical problems such as poor chip removal, inadequate cooling, and poor sharpness of diamond grinding wheels. However, this cup-shaped grinding wheel has a limited application scenario, and the cutting edge trajectories at the same position on the working surface of the cup-shaped grinding wheel overlap, making it impossible to readjust the cutting edge of the working surface of the cup-shaped grinding wheel or monitor the grinding wheel speed in real time.

[0005] Patent [CN116945061A] discloses an adjustable-diameter cup-shaped grinding wheel. The turntable is used to connect to the drive device. The adjustment plate is driven to rotate relative to the turntable in an operable manner, so that the first grinding tooth joint moves inward or outward under the action of the arc groove, thereby expanding or shrinking the diameter of the grinding wheel. However, the flatness of the cutting working surface of this adjustable-diameter cup-shaped grinding wheel is poor, and it cannot be used for various processing scenarios such as grinding, lapping and polishing, and real-time monitoring of the grinding wheel speed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the problems of existing cup-shaped grinding wheels, which can only perform one grinding process and cannot simultaneously perform grinding, lapping, and polishing using a single wheel. These problems include difficult dressing, low processing efficiency, high processing cost, short wheel life, and low processing accuracy. The invention proposes a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding, lapping, and polishing, comprising: a cup-shaped grinding wheel base with a through hole at the bottom; an annular boss on the upper surface of the grinding wheel base; an annular superhard oilstone fitted onto the annular boss; the upper surface of the annular boss and the upper surface of the superhard oilstone being coplanar; the axes of the grinding wheel base, the through hole at the bottom of the grinding wheel base, the annular boss, and the superhard oilstone being coaxial; the outer diameter of the grinding wheel base being the same as the outer diameter of the superhard oilstone; the upper surface and lower surface of the grinding wheel base being parallel; an annular polishing pad fitted onto the superhard oilstone; and a magnet disposed on the side wall of the grinding wheel base.

[0007] According to the above-described cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, the bottom of the grinding wheel base is provided with a grinding wheel mounting reference surface for mounting onto the grinding wheel spindle, a grinding wheel mounting reference inner hole, and a plurality of countersunk holes that are evenly distributed along the axis of the grinding wheel base and match the mounting thread holes on the flange of the grinding wheel spindle.

[0008] A blind hole for magnet mounting is provided on the outer diameter of the grinding wheel base; the magnet is placed in the blind hole for magnet mounting; one end face of the grinding wheel base is an oilstone mounting ring surface, and an annular oilstone mounting journal coaxial with the grinding wheel base is provided on the oilstone mounting ring surface; one end face of the oilstone mounting journal is a grinding working surface parallel to the grinding wheel mounting reference surface.

[0009] The superhard oilstone is a ring-shaped part with a rectangular cross-section, including a superhard oilstone bonding surface, a superhard oilstone outer circular surface, a superhard oilstone grinding working surface, and a superhard oilstone axial bonding surface; the superhard oilstone bonding surface and the superhard oilstone grinding working surface are the two end faces of the superhard oilstone; the superhard oilstone outer circular surface is the outer side wall of the superhard oilstone; the superhard oilstone axial bonding surface is the inner side wall of the superhard oilstone.

[0010] The diameter of the axial bonding surface of the superhard oilstone is larger than the outer diameter of the oilstone mounting journal of the grinding wheel base; the thickness of the superhard oilstone is smaller than the height of the oilstone mounting journal of the grinding wheel base; the diameter of the outer circular surface of the superhard oilstone is the same as the outer diameter of the grinding wheel.

[0011] The axial bonding surface of the superhard oilstone is bonded to the outer wall of the oilstone mounting journal, and the oilstone mounting ring surface is bonded to the superhard oilstone bonding surface, thereby fixing the grinding wheel base and the superhard oilstone together. After the grinding wheel base and the superhard oilstone are fixedly connected, the grinding working surface and the superhard oilstone grinding working surface are coplanar.

[0012] Polishing pads can be detachably installed on the working surfaces of the superhard oilstone grinding and lapping surfaces.

[0013] According to the above-described cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, the mounting surface of the oilstone and the bonding surface of the superhard oilstone are roughened; the bonding surfaces of the magnet and the blind holes for magnet mounting on the grinding wheel substrate are roughened.

[0014] According to the above-described cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, the material of the grinding wheel matrix is ​​ductile iron.

[0015] According to the above-described cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, the material of the super-hard oilstone is a ceramic material with a hardness greater than 9.

[0016] According to the above-described cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, the superhard oilstone is bonded to the grinding wheel substrate by a high-temperature resistant special adhesive.

[0017] According to the above-described cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, the magnet is a neodymium magnet; the magnet is bonded to the grinding wheel substrate with a high-temperature resistant special adhesive.

[0018] According to the above-described cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, the polishing pad is provided with adhesive backing and can be directly adhered to the ultra-hard oilstone grinding surface and the grinding surface of the cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing. The abrasive of the polishing pad is white corundum with a grit size of W0.25-W3.5.

[0019] According to the above description, the grinding and polishing cup-shaped grinding wheel has undergone aging treatment and dynamic balancing.

[0020] The dressing and use method of a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, as described above, includes the following steps:

[0021] Step S1: Refining and polishing with a cup-shaped grinding wheel;

[0022] The texture of the superhard oilstone grinding surface is created by laser etching, and the texture consists of triangular patterns that are 120° apart.

[0023] Through the grinding process, it is ensured that the grinding working surface of the grinding wheel base is coplanar with the textured surface of the superhard oilstone grinding.

[0024] By measuring and adjusting the end face runout error of the grinding working surface of the grinding wheel base, the accuracy of the high points after the texture of the superhard oilstone grinding working surface is ensured, so that the parallelism error between the plane formed by all the high points of the superhard oilstone grinding working surface and the grinding wheel mounting reference surface does not exceed 0.5μm.

[0025] Grinding and machining of grinding working surfaces, grinding wheel mounting reference surfaces, and superhard oilstone grinding working surfaces; improving the coplanar accuracy of grinding working surfaces and superhard oilstone grinding working surfaces; and improving the parallelism between superhard oilstone grinding working surfaces and grinding wheel mounting reference surfaces.

[0026] Step S2: Rough grinding of the workpiece;

[0027] The grinding wheel base axis is set horizontally. A speed sensor capable of detecting the rotational speed of the grinding wheel base is installed above the outer diameter of the grinding wheel base. The speed sensor is positioned above the detection magnet. The rotational speed of the cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing is adjusted to 150-500 rpm. Abrasive is applied to the surface of the workpiece. A forward and reverse rotation and variable speed grinding process is used to make the grinding texture interlaced, thereby improving the grinding accuracy. During the rough grinding process, the rotational speed of the workpiece and the rotational speed of the cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing are coprime.

[0028] Step S3: Perform fine grinding on the workpiece;

[0029] The grinding workpiece is precision ground using a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, reducing the particle size of the abrasive used. The grinding process still uses low-speed forward and reverse rotation and variable speed grinding to make the grinding texture interlocked.

[0030] Step S4: Polish the workpiece;

[0031] Clean the grinding and polishing surfaces of the ultra-hard oilstone grinding and lapping surfaces using a cup-shaped grinding wheel; attach a polishing pad to the ultra-hard oilstone grinding and lapping surfaces; and perform dry polishing on the surface of the workpiece after grinding to further improve the surface roughness of the workpiece.

[0032] Step S5: Perform precision repair on the cup-shaped grinding wheel used for grinding and polishing;

[0033] After the workpiece is processed, the cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing is dressed offline using a precision grinding process to restore the flatness of the working surface of the superhard oilstone grinding and grinding surface and the parallelism of the grinding wheel mounting reference surface. Then it is mounted on the grinding wheel spindle for the next round of precision grinding, polishing and polishing processes.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0035] 1. Integrating multiple processes into one unit significantly improves processing efficiency and flexibility. Traditional cup-shaped grinding wheels can only perform a single grinding function. Processing high-precision parts requires multiple clamping and tool changes for grinding, lapping, and polishing, resulting in cumbersome procedures and low efficiency. This invention integrates a superhard oilstone with the grinding wheel base and sets a removable polishing pad on the coplanar working surface, allowing a single grinding wheel to sequentially complete all processes of grinding, rough lapping, fine lapping, and polishing. After a workpiece is clamped once, it can be continuously processed at different precision levels, avoiding multiple positioning errors, significantly shortening process changeover time, and significantly improving overall processing efficiency, especially suitable for the high-efficiency processing of batch precision parts.

[0036] 2. An adaptive wear conversion mechanism extends grinding wheel life and reduces consumable costs. Traditional grinding wheels require complete replacement or offline dressing after abrasive wear, resulting in high costs and disruption to production continuity. The superhard oilstone of this invention, after the grinding surface becomes dull, can be directly converted to coarse grinding without disassembling the grinding wheel, achieving gradient utilization of the abrasive wear stage. This "one material, multiple uses" model fully utilizes the performance potential of the superhard oilstone, extends its effective service life, and reduces material waste and downtime caused by frequent replacement of the grinding wheel base or superhard oilstone, thereby reducing the processing cost per part.

[0037] 3. Laser texturing and coplanar precision control achieve nanoscale surface machining accuracy. Existing grinding processes are prone to microcracks, and grinding and polishing rely heavily on operator experience. This invention uses laser etching on the working surface of the superhard oilstone grinding machine to form a regular triangular texture, creating an ordered distribution of micro-edges during the grinding stage and improving cutting conditions. More importantly, precision grinding ensures that the working surface of the superhard oilstone grinding machine is strictly coplanar with the grinding working surface, and the parallelism error with the grinding wheel mounting reference surface is controlled within 0.5μm. This high-precision reference system provides a reliable physical basis for subsequent grinding and polishing, enabling the stable achievement of nanoscale surface roughness and ensuring surface shape accuracy.

[0038] 4. Built-in speed measurement and feedback mechanism enables quantitative and intelligent control of the machining process. Traditional grinding wheel machining parameters rely heavily on experience-based settings and lack real-time feedback. This invention embeds neodymium magnets in the grinding wheel matrix, combined with external Hall effect sensors or photoelectric sensors, to achieve non-contact, real-time, and accurate measurement of the grinding wheel's operating speed. The speed signal allows for quantifiable determination of whether the grinding wheel matrix is ​​in the grinding, lapping, or polishing stage, and accordingly adjusts process parameters such as feed rate and speed strategy (e.g., forward / reverse rotation, variable speed). This feedback control based on real-time data shifts the machining process from "experience-driven" to "data-driven," improving process consistency and repeatability, and is particularly beneficial for achieving automated and intelligent machining.

[0039] 5. Repairable and maintainable structure enhances tool sustainability and economy. Traditional integral or bonded grinding wheels become unusable once the working layer fails. In this invention, the core superhard oilstone and grinding wheel matrix are separate bonded structures, and the key working surfaces—the grinding surface and the superhard oilstone grinding surface—can be restored through offline precision grinding processes, recovering their flatness and parallelism accuracy. This means the core precision of the grinding wheel can be "reborn" multiple times, greatly extending the service life of the grinding wheel matrix. The polishing pad, as a consumable part, can be quickly replaced using adhesive backing. This modular and repairable design concept reduces overall waste and improves the tool's overall lifecycle economy. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing according to the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the assembly schematic diagram of the grinding wheel base, superhard oilstone and magnet of a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding wheel base of a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing according to the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultra-hard oilstone for a cup-shaped grinding wheel of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ultra-hard oilstone for a cup-shaped grinding wheel of the present invention after laser etching.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a partial schematic diagram of the texture of an ultra-hard oilstone for grinding and polishing cup-shaped grinding wheel after laser etching, according to the present invention.

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the usage state of a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing according to the present invention.

[0047] In the diagram: 1: Grinding wheel base; 1-1: Grinding wheel mounting reference surface; 1-2: Grinding working surface; 1-3: Grinding wheel mounting reference inner hole; 1-4: Grinding wheel outer diameter; 1-5: Countersunk hole; 1-6: Oilstone mounting journal; 1-7: Oilstone mounting ring surface; 1-8: Magnet mounting blind hole; 2: Magnet; 3: Superhard oilstone; 3-1: Superhard oilstone grinding working surface; 3-2: Superhard oilstone bonding surface; 3-3: Superhard oilstone axial bonding surface; 3-4: Superhard oilstone outer cylindrical surface; 4: Polishing pad; 5: Speed ​​sensor; 6: Workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] In this embodiment, a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing is used for precision machining of a workpiece 6, which is a base disc with an outer diameter of 400 mm and a width of 30 mm.

[0050] like Figures 1 to 6As shown: A cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing in this embodiment includes a grinding wheel base 1 and a superhard oilstone 3. The grinding wheel base 1 has a maximum outer diameter of 100mm and a maximum thickness of 24mm. The grinding wheel base 1 is provided with a grinding wheel mounting reference surface 1-1 for mounting on the grinding wheel spindle and a grinding wheel mounting reference inner hole 1-3 with a diameter of 40mm. It is also provided with four countersunk holes 1-5 that are evenly distributed and match the mounting thread holes on the grinding wheel spindle flange. The outer circular surface of the grinding wheel base 1 is provided with a magnet mounting blind hole 1-8 with a diameter of 6.1mm and a depth of 3.2mm for mounting neodymium magnets 2. An annular oilstone mounting journal 1-6 with an inner diameter of 84 mm and an outer diameter of 100 mm is provided on the oilstone mounting ring surface 1-7 of the grinding wheel base 1. The outer diameter of the oilstone mounting journal 1-6 is 84 mm, which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the axial bonding surface 3-3 of the superhard oilstone (84.02 mm). The depth of the oilstone mounting journal 1-6 is 9.02 mm, which is slightly larger than the thickness of the superhard oilstone 3 (9 mm). The outer diameter 1-4 of the grinding wheel base 1 is the same as the outer diameter of the superhard oilstone 3. The grinding wheel base 1 has a surface parallel to the grinding working surface 1-2. The grinding wheel mounting reference surface 1-1; the grinding working surface 1-2 is the axial alignment reference surface for bonding the superhard oilstone 3, and also the end face runout measurement reference surface of the grinding and polishing cup-shaped grinding wheel after it is installed on the grinding wheel spindle; the grinding working surface 1-2 is coplanar with the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1 and can characterize the parallelism between the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1 and the grinding wheel mounting reference surface 1-1, which is convenient for measuring the parallelism between the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1 and the grinding wheel mounting reference surface 1-1; the material of the grinding wheel base 1 is ductile iron.

[0051] The material of the super hard oilstone 3 is a ceramic material with a Mohs hardness greater than 9, such as cubic boron nitride and boron carbide. In this embodiment, the superhard oilstone 3 is made of boron carbide material. The superhard oilstone 3 is a ring with a rectangular cross-section, including an axial bonding surface 3-3, an outer circular surface 3-4, a grinding working surface 3-1, and a bonding surface 3-2. The inner diameter of the superhard oilstone 3 is 84.02 mm, the outer diameter is 100 mm, and the thickness is 9 mm. The inner diameter of the superhard oilstone 3 is larger than the outer diameter of the oilstone mounting journal 1-6 of the grinding wheel base 1. The thickness of the superhard oilstone 3 is slightly smaller than the height of the oilstone mounting journal 1-6 of the grinding wheel base 1. The outer diameter of the ring of the superhard oilstone 3 is consistent with the outer diameter of the grinding wheel base 1 and serves as the radial reference datum for the installation of the superhard oilstone 3. The grinding working surface 3-1 of the superhard oilstone has high planar accuracy and serves as the axial alignment reference surface between the superhard oilstone 3 and the grinding wheel base 1.

[0052] The superhard oilstone 3 and the grinding wheel substrate 1 are bonded together with a high-temperature resistant special adhesive. Before bonding, the bonding surface 3-2 of the superhard oilstone and the oilstone mounting ring surface 1-7 on the grinding wheel substrate 1 are roughened by laser etching to increase the contact area with the adhesive and improve the bonding strength and reliability. During bonding, ensure that the grinding working surface 3-1 of the superhard oilstone is aligned with the grinding working surface 1-2 of the grinding wheel substrate 1, and try to ensure that the outer diameter of the superhard oilstone 3 is coaxial with the outer diameter of the grinding wheel substrate 1 to avoid dynamic imbalance and affect the machining accuracy. The neodymium magnet 2 is bonded together with the magnet mounting blind hole 1-8 on the grinding wheel substrate 1 using a high-temperature resistant special adhesive. Before bonding, the neodymium magnet 2 and the magnet mounting blind hole 1-8 on the grinding wheel substrate 1 are roughened to increase the contact area with the adhesive and improve the bonding strength and reliability. During bonding, ensure that the high-temperature resistant special adhesive does not overflow from the surface of the neodymium magnet 2.

[0053] After bonding, the cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing undergoes aging treatment and dynamic balancing. Through precision grinding, the flatness of the grinding working surface 1-2 and the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1, the coplanarity of the grinding working surface 1-2 and the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1, the flatness of the grinding wheel mounting reference surface 1-1, and the parallelism of the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1 and the grinding wheel mounting reference surface 1-1 are improved. The bonded cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing is then ground on a boron carbide plate to make the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1 coplanar with the grinding working surface 1-2.

[0054] This embodiment describes a method for dressing and using a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, comprising the following steps:

[0055] Step S1: Refining and polishing with a cup-shaped grinding wheel;

[0056] Texture was created on the superhard oilstone grinding surface 3-1 using laser etching. The texture consisted of triangular patterns at 120° intervals, with a texture depth of 0.05-0.1 mm and a texture width of 0.1-0.3 mm. Figure 5 and 6 As shown; through the grinding process, the coplanarity of the grinding working surface 1-2 and the textured superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1 is ensured, and the accuracy of the high points of the texture of the superhard oilstone grinding working surface is ensured by measuring the end face runout error of the grinding working surface 1-2 after installation: the parallelism of all high points of the texture of the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1 with the grinding wheel mounting reference surface 1-1 does not exceed 0.5μm; the flatness of the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1 is characterized by the grinding working surface 1-2, and the parallelism between the grinding working surface 1-2 and the grinding wheel mounting reference surface 1-1 is characterized by the parallelism between the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1 and the grinding wheel mounting reference surface 1-1.

[0057] Step S2: Rough grinding of the workpiece;

[0058] The grinding wheel base 1 is horizontally positioned. A Hall sensor capable of detecting rotational speed is installed above the outer diameter 1-4 of the grinding wheel on the grinding wheel base 1. The Hall sensor is installed above the position where the detection magnet 2 is located. By measuring the working speed of the cup-shaped grinding wheel, the feed rate for grinding, roughing, finishing, and polishing is set accordingly. After grinding with the cup-shaped grinding wheel, when the working surface of the superhard oilstone is worn and dulled, the working surface can be directly rough-ground using the superhard oilstone without disassembling the grinding wheel. The rotational speed of the cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing is 150-500 rpm, and an abrasive of appropriate grit is applied to the outer cylindrical surface of the base disc. Figure 7 As shown; the grinding process employs forward and reverse rotation and variable speed, resulting in interlaced grinding textures and improved grinding precision;

[0059] Step S3: Perform fine grinding on the workpiece;

[0060] After rough grinding, use a grinding and polishing cup-shaped grinding wheel to grind the working surface 1-2 for precision grinding. Appropriately reduce the particle size of the abrasive used, and still use low-speed forward and reverse rotation and variable speed grinding process to make the grinding texture interlaced and improve the precision of fine grinding.

[0061] Step S4: Polish the workpiece;

[0062] After precision grinding, a dry polishing process can be performed on the surface of the ground workpiece to further reduce the surface roughness of the outer cylindrical surface of the base disk. The grinding working surfaces 1-2 and 3-1 of the cup-shaped grinding wheel and the superhard oilstone grinding surface are cleaned. A polishing pad 4 is then attached to these surfaces. The polishing pad 4 has adhesive backing and can be directly attached to the superhard oilstone grinding surface 3-1 and the grinding working surfaces 1-2 of the cup-shaped grinding wheel. The polishing pad 4 is adhesive-backed polishing sandpaper with white corundum abrasive of W0.25-W3.5 grit. Once the abrasive on the polishing sandpaper has completely fallen off, it needs to be replaced with a new polishing sandpaper. Because the adhesive-backed white corundum sandpaper has a certain degree of elasticity, it has a certain adaptability to different surface shapes, and the surface accuracy of the workpiece will not be significantly lost during the polishing process.

[0063] Step S5: Perform precision repair on the cup-shaped grinding wheel used for grinding and polishing;

[0064] After the workpiece is processed, the cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing is dressed offline using a precision grinding process to restore the flatness of the superhard oilstone grinding working surface 3-1 and the grinding working surface 1-2 and their parallelism with the grinding wheel mounting reference surface 1-1. Then, it is mounted on the grinding wheel spindle for the next round of precision grinding, polishing and polishing processes.

[0065] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing, characterized in that, include: A cup-shaped grinding wheel base (1) with a through hole at the bottom; an annular boss is provided on the upper surface of the grinding wheel base (1); an annular superhard oilstone (3) is sleeved on the annular boss; the upper surface of the annular boss is coplanar with the upper surface of the superhard oilstone (3); the axes of the grinding wheel base (1), the through hole at the bottom of the grinding wheel base (1), the annular boss and the superhard oilstone (3) are coaxial; the outer diameter of the grinding wheel base (1) is the same as the outer diameter of the superhard oilstone (3); the upper surface of the grinding wheel base (1) is... The surface and the lower surface of the grinding wheel base (1) are parallel; an annular polishing pad (4) is fitted on the superhard oilstone (3); a magnet (2) is provided on the side wall of the grinding wheel base (1); the bottom of the grinding wheel base (1) is provided with a grinding wheel mounting reference surface (1-1), a grinding wheel mounting reference inner hole (1-3) for mounting to the grinding wheel spindle, and a number of countersunk holes (1-5) evenly distributed along the axis of the grinding wheel base (1) and matching the mounting thread holes on the flange of the grinding wheel spindle; A blind hole (1-8) for magnet mounting is provided on the outer diameter (1-4) of the grinding wheel base (1); a magnet (2) is provided in the blind hole (1-8); one end face of the grinding wheel base (1) is an oilstone mounting ring (1-7), and an annular oilstone mounting journal (1-6) coaxial with the grinding wheel base (1) is provided on the oilstone mounting ring (1-7); one end face of the oilstone mounting journal (1-6) is a grinding working surface (1-2) parallel to the grinding wheel mounting reference surface (1-1); The superhard oilstone (3) is a ring-shaped part with a rectangular cross-section, including the superhard oilstone bonding surface (3-2), the superhard oilstone outer circular surface (3-4), the superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1), and the superhard oilstone axial bonding surface (3-3); the superhard oilstone bonding surface (3-2) and the superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) are the two end faces of the superhard oilstone (3); the superhard oilstone outer circular surface (3-4) is the outer side wall of the superhard oilstone (3); and the superhard oilstone axial bonding surface (3-3) is the inner side wall of the superhard oilstone (3). The diameter of the axial bonding surface (3-3) of the superhard oilstone is greater than the outer diameter of the oilstone mounting journal (1-6) of the grinding wheel base (1); the thickness of the superhard oilstone (3) is less than the height of the oilstone mounting journal (1-6) of the grinding wheel base (1); the diameter of the outer circular surface (3-4) of the superhard oilstone is the same as the outer diameter (1-4) of the grinding wheel. The axial bonding surface (3-3) of the superhard oilstone is bonded to the outer wall of the oilstone mounting journal (1-6), and the oilstone mounting ring surface (1-7) is bonded to the superhard oilstone bonding surface (3-2), thereby fixing the grinding wheel base (1) and the superhard oilstone (3) together. After the grinding wheel base (1) and the superhard oilstone (3) are fixedly connected, the grinding working surface (1-2) and the superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) are coplanar. Polishing pads (4) are detachably installed on the superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) and the grinding working surface (1-2). The magnet (2) is a neodymium magnet; the magnet (2) is bonded to the grinding wheel substrate (1) with a high-temperature resistant special adhesive; The polishing pad (4) is provided with adhesive backing and can be directly attached to the ultra-hard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) and grinding working surface (1-2) of the cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing. The abrasive of the polishing pad (4) is white corundum with a particle size of W0.25-W3.

5.

2. The cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oilstone mounting ring surface (1-7) and the superhard oilstone bonding surface (3-2) are roughened; the bonding surfaces of the magnet (2) and the magnet mounting blind hole (1-8) on the grinding wheel base (1) are roughened.

3. The cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing according to claim 2, characterized in that, The grinding wheel base (1) is made of ductile iron.

4. A cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing according to claim 3, characterized in that, The material of the super hard oilstone (3) is a ceramic material with a hardness greater than 9.

5. A cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing according to claim 4, characterized in that, The superhard oilstone (3) is bonded to the grinding wheel substrate (1) by a high-temperature resistant special adhesive.

6. A cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing according to claim 5, characterized in that, The grinding and polishing cup-shaped grinding wheel undergoes aging treatment and dynamic balancing.

7. The method for dressing and using a cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing according to claim 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Refining and polishing with a cup-shaped grinding wheel; The texture of the superhard oilstone grinding surface (3-1) is created by laser etching. The texture consists of triangular patterns that are 120° apart. Through the grinding process, ensure that the grinding working surface (1-2) of the grinding wheel base (1) is coplanar with the textured superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1); By measuring and adjusting the end face runout error of the grinding working surface (1-2) of the grinding wheel base (1), the accuracy of the high points after the texture of the superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) is ensured, so that the parallelism error between the plane formed by all the high points of the superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) and the grinding wheel mounting reference surface (1-1) does not exceed 0.5μm. Grinding process: grinding working surface (1-2), grinding wheel mounting reference surface (1-1), and superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) to improve the coplanar accuracy of grinding working surface (1-2) and superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1), and the parallelism between superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) and grinding wheel mounting reference surface (1-1); Step S2: Rough grinding of workpiece (6); The axis of the grinding wheel base (1) is set horizontally. A speed sensor (5) that can detect the rotation speed of the grinding wheel base (1) is set above the outer diameter (1-4) of the grinding wheel base (1). The speed sensor (5) is set above the position that can detect the magnet (2). The speed of the grinding and polishing cup-shaped grinding wheel is adjusted to 150-500 rpm. Abrasive is applied to the surface of the workpiece (6). The forward and reverse rotation and variable speed grinding process are adopted to make the grinding texture interlaced and improve the grinding accuracy. During the rough grinding process: the rotation speed of the workpiece (6) and the rotation speed of the grinding and polishing cup-shaped grinding wheel are coprime. Step S3: Perform fine grinding on the workpiece (6); The workpiece (6) is precision ground using the grinding working surface (1-2) of the grinding and polishing cup-shaped grinding wheel to reduce the particle size of the abrasive used. The low-speed forward and reverse rotation and variable speed grinding process are still adopted to make the grinding texture interlaced. Step S4: Polish the workpiece (6); Clean the superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) and the grinding working surface (1-2) of the cup-shaped grinding wheel for cleaning; attach polishing pad (4) on the superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) and the grinding working surface (1-2); use polishing process to dry polish the surface of the workpiece (6) after grinding to further improve the surface roughness of the workpiece (6); Step S5: Perform precision repair on the cup-shaped grinding wheel used for grinding and polishing; After the workpiece (6) is processed, the cup-shaped grinding wheel for grinding and polishing is dressed offline using a precision grinding process to restore the flatness of the superhard oilstone grinding working surface (3-1) and the grinding working surface (1-2) to the parallelism of the grinding wheel mounting reference surface (1-1). Then it is installed on the grinding wheel spindle for the next round of precision grinding, polishing and polishing processes.

Images