Fuel additive compositions and uses thereof

Abstract

An example of the present invention provides a fuel additive composition, which includes a mixture of a mixture of tert-butylhydroquinone, a catalyst, a lubricant, a lubricant, a lubricant, a lubricant, a lubricant, a lubricant, a lubricant, a lubricant, a lubricant, and a lubricant. The CAS number is 1948-33-0), and the CAS number is 1948-33-0), and the CAS number is 1948-33-0), and the CAS number is 1948-33-0, and the CAS number is 1948-33-0; the invention relates to a calcium acetylacetonate hydrate and a preparation method thereof. The calcium acetylacetonate hydrate is characterized in that the CAS number is 61789-86-4. The invention relates to a high-base-number petroleum calcium sulfonate, which is characterized in that the CAS number is 345909-31-1), and the high-base-number petroleum calcium sulfonate is prepared by the following steps of: preparing a high-base-number petroleum calcium sulfonate, a high-base-number petroleum calcium sulfonate and a high-base-number petroleum calcium sulfonate; the CAS number is 68783-96-0), and the content of sorbitan monolaurate (Sorbitan monolaurate; the CAS serial number is 1338-39-2) and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate ester (2-ethylhexyl nitrate; the CAS serial number is 1338-39-2) and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate ester (2-ethylhexyl nitrate; and the CAS serial number is 27247-96-7). The fuel additive composition according to one embodiment of the present invention can be added to various fuels such as gasoline, light oil, heavy oil and the like to improve the combustion efficiency at the time of fuel combustion while significantly reducing the generation of atmospheric pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a fuel additive composition, and more specifically, to a universal fuel additive composition and its uses, which can improve the combustion efficiency of fuels by adding the fuel additive composition to various fuels such as gasoline, light oil, and heavy oil, while significantly reducing the generation of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Background Technology

[0002] Generally, industry primarily uses fossil fuels. The combustion of fossil fuels emits substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter, polluting the environment and accelerating global warming. Particulate matter (PM), ozone, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are in particular substances that cause visibility impairment and pose significant direct and indirect damage to humans and property.

[0003] Countries worldwide are progressively tightening emission standards to prevent global warming and reduce air pollutants that damage the global environment. Therefore, technologies to reduce various forms of air pollution and improve energy efficiency are needed when burning fuel in boilers or various internal combustion engines using fossil fuels. While operating ships require dust removal facilities to reduce particulate matter, from both an environmental and economic perspective, the ideal approach is to develop clean technologies that improve combustion efficiency within the combustion chamber, achieving complete combustion and significantly reducing the generation of fine dust from the combustion chamber itself.

[0004] Recently, there has been a growing recognition of the need to achieve higher combustion efficiency from fossil fuels while suppressing the generation and emission of pollutants. To achieve this goal, various fuel additives have been developed and used. For example, Korean Patent Publication No. 10-1836946 discloses a fuel additive for heavy oil, which, by total weight, contains 20-25% oil-soluble metallic compound, 30-35% oxygen-providing agent, 15-20% dispersant, 3-7% lubricant, 8-15% nonionic surfactant, and 7-15% overbased detergent. Additionally, Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2503500 discloses a fuel additive composition comprising 97% by weight of hydrogenated petroleum heavy paraffinic distillates, 0.3% by weight of hydrogenated heavy naphtha, 0.3% by weight of naphthalene, 0.3% by weight of hydrosulfurized kerosene, 0.3% by weight of fatty acid methyl ester, 0.3% by weight of polyol esters, 0.3% by weight of polyolefin alkylphenol alkylamine, 0.3% by weight of heavy aromatic solvent naphtha, petroleum, and palmitic acid. 0.3% by weight of acid), 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical issues

[0006] This invention originates from the prior art and aims to provide a fuel additive composition that, when added to various fuels such as gasoline, light oil, and heavy oil, can improve combustion efficiency and significantly reduce the generation of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Furthermore, this invention aims to provide the uses of this fuel additive composition.

[0007] Technical solution

[0008] The inventors of this invention prepared fuel additive compositions by screening and combining various components corresponding to antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, combustion promoters, purifiers, and dispersants. Subsequently, the inventors added the prepared fuel additive compositions to various fuels such as gasoline, light oil, and heavy oil, and analyzed their combustion characteristics. The results showed that fuel additive compositions composed of specific combinations of components can generally improve combustion efficiency regardless of fuel type, while significantly reducing the generation of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

[0009] To address the aforementioned problems, one embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel additive composition comprising or containing tert-Butylhydroquinone (CAS No.: 1948-33-0), calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 61789-86-4), calcium acetylacetonate hydrate (CAS No.: 345909-31-1), overbased calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 68783-96-0), sorbitan monolaurate (CAS No.: 1338-39-2), and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (CAS No.: 27247-96-7).When considering improving fuel combustion efficiency and suppressing the generation of air pollutants, the fuel additive composition of an example of the present invention preferably comprises, by weight, 10-20% tert-Butylhydroquinone (CAS No.: 1948-33-0), 5-15% calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 61789-86-4), 20-35% calcium acetylacetonate hydrate (CAS No.: 345909-31-1), 10-20% overbased calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 68783-96-0), 24-40% sorbitan monolaurate (CAS No.: 1338-39-2), and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate. More preferably, based on the total weight of the above fuel additive composition, it contains 4 to 12% by weight of tert-butylhydroquinone (CAS No.: 1948-33-0), 8 to 14% by weight of calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 61789-86-4), 22 to 30% by weight of calcium acetylacetonate hydrate (CAS No.: 345909-31-1), 12 to 18% by weight of overbased calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 68783-96-0), and sorbitan monolaurate. Monolaurate (CAS No.: 1338-39-2) 25-35% by weight and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (CAS No.: 27247-96-7) 5-10% by weight. An example of the fuel additive composition of this invention can improve combustion efficiency by exerting a synergistic effect through interaction between the components while each component performs its original main function, and at the same time significantly reduce the generation of atmospheric pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx).Furthermore, the fuel additive composition of one embodiment of the present invention can inhibit the oxidation of bio-heavy oil or a mixture of petroleum-based heavy oil and bio-heavy oil, and significantly improve storage stability.

[0010] To address the aforementioned problems, one embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel oil comprising: a liquid fuel selected from the group consisting of gasoline, light oil, and heavy oil; and a fuel additive composition as described above. The content of the fuel additive composition in the fuel oil of the present invention is not significantly limited. However, considering factors such as improving fuel combustion efficiency and suppressing the residue of atmospheric pollutants, preferably, the content of the fuel additive composition in the fuel oil is 0.01L to 0.5L relative to 100L of liquid fuel; more preferably, the content of the fuel additive composition in the fuel oil is 0.02L to 0.25L relative to 100L of liquid fuel. The heavy oil can be selected from petroleum-based heavy oil, bio-heavy oil, or a mixture of petroleum-based heavy oil and bio-heavy oil. The petroleum-based heavy oil is a dark brown viscous oil obtained by extracting gasoline, kerosene, light oil, etc., from crude oil. Petroleum-based heavy oil used as fuel is called bunker oil. There are no major restrictions on the types of petroleum-based heavy oils mentioned above, as long as they are used as marine fuel (such as low-viscosity bunker A oil, medium-viscosity bunker B oil, and high-viscosity bunker C oil), boiler fuel, or power generation fuel. Furthermore, the aforementioned bio-heavy oils are biofuels prepared by reacting unused resources such as biodiesel process byproducts (asphalt), waste animal fats, waste vegetable oils, and palm byproducts with methanol or ethanol. They share similar characteristics with petroleum-based heavy oils (e.g., high-viscosity bunker oils), and therefore can be blended with them. Recently, they have also attracted attention as an environmentally friendly fuel that can 100% replace petroleum-based heavy oils. There are no major restrictions on the weight ratio of petroleum-based heavy oil to bio-heavy oil in the aforementioned blended heavy oils; it can be 8:2 to 2:8, or 7:3 to 3:7.

[0011] The effects of the invention

[0012] The fuel additive composition of this invention can be added to various fuels such as gasoline, light oil, and heavy oil to improve combustion efficiency and significantly reduce the generation of atmospheric pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). Furthermore, the fuel additive composition of this invention can inhibit the oxidation of bio-heavy oil or a mixture of petroleum-based heavy oil and bio-heavy oil, and significantly improve storage stability. Therefore, the fuel additive composition of this invention can help prevent global warming and air pollution. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 The figures show the measured dust concentrations emitted when various oil-soluble metallic compounds of the acetylacetone series are added to high-viscosity marine oil in an embodiment of the invention to prepare fuel oil and then burned in a boiler. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments. However, the following embodiments are only used to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present invention and do not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] 1. Exploring the dust reduction performance of oil-soluble metallic compounds used as combustion promoters.

[0016] Fuel oil was prepared by adding various oil-soluble metallic compounds from the acetylacetone series at a ratio of 30 ppm (based on metal content) to high-viscosity marine fuel oil (containing 1% sulfur by weight). Dust emission concentrations were then measured after burning the fuel oil in an experimental boiler with a scale of 0.2 t / h. Figure 1 The figures show the measured dust concentrations emitted when various oil-soluble metallic compounds of the acetylacetone series are added to high-viscosity marine oil in an embodiment of the invention to prepare fuel oil and then burned in a boiler. Figure 1 The meanings of A, B, C, D, and E on the X-axis are as follows.

[0017] *A: No Additive

[0018] *B: Iron(III)acetylacetonate [CAS No.: 14024-18-1]

[0019] *C: Calcium acetylacetonate hydrate (CAS No.: 345909-31-1)

[0020] *D: Manganese(II)acetylacetonate [CAS No.: 14024-58-9]

[0021] *E: Magnesium acetylacetonate dihydrate (CAS No.: 68488-07-3)

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, among the various oil-soluble metallic compounds in the acetylacetonate series, calcium acetylacetonate hydrate (CAS No.: 345909-31-1) significantly reduced the concentration of emitted dust compared to other oil-soluble metallic compounds.

[0023] 2. Exploration of the oxidative stability of antioxidants

[0024] After adding 3% (w / v) of various antioxidants to biodiesel, the oxidative stability was determined under accelerated conditions (110°C) using DIN EN 14112:2003 (Derivatives of fats and oils. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Determination of oxidation stability of fatty acid methylesters (accelerated oxidation test)). Table 1 below summarizes the results of measuring the oxidative stability of biodiesel according to the type of antioxidant.

[0025] Table 1

[0026]

[0027] As shown in the table above, compared with other antioxidants, tert-Butylhydroquinone (CAS No.: 1948-33-0) significantly improves the oxidative stability of biodiesel.

[0028] 3. Preparation of fuel additive compositions

[0029] Preparation Example 1

[0030] A fuel additive composition was prepared by uniformly mixing 12 parts by weight of tert-Butylhydroquinone (CAS No.: 1948-33-0), 8 parts by weight of calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 61789-86-4), 22 parts by weight of calcium acetylacetonate hydrate (CAS No.: 345909-31-1), 17 parts by weight of overbased calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 68783-96-0), 32 parts by weight of sorbitan monolaurate (CAS No.: 1338-39-2), and 9 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (CAS No.: 27247-96-7).

[0031] Preparation Example 2

[0032] A fuel additive composition was prepared by uniformly mixing 17 parts by weight of tert-Butylhydroquinone (CAS No.: 1948-33-0), 13 parts by weight of calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 61789-86-4), 28 parts by weight of calcium acetylacetonate hydrate (CAS No.: 345909-31-1), 12 parts by weight of overbased calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 68783-96-0), 25 parts by weight of sorbitan monolaurate (CAS No.: 1338-39-2), and 5 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (CAS No.: 27247-96-7).

[0033] Preparation Example 3

[0034] A fuel additive composition was prepared by uniformly mixing 15 parts by weight of tert-Butylhydroquinone (CAS No.: 1948-33-0), 10 parts by weight of calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 61789-86-4), 25 parts by weight of calcium acetylacetonate hydrate (CAS No.: 345909-31-1), 15 parts by weight of overbased calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 68783-96-0), 27 parts by weight of sorbitan monolaurate (CAS No.: 1338-39-2), and 8 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (CAS No.: 27247-96-7).

[0035] Comparative Preparation Example 1

[0036] A fuel additive composition was prepared by uniformly mixing 15 parts by weight of tert-Butylhydroquinone (CAS No.: 1948-33-0), 10 parts by weight of calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 61789-86-4), 25 parts by weight of calcium acetylacetonate hydrate (CAS No.: 345909-31-1), 15 parts by weight of overbased calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 68783-96-0), and 35 parts by weight of sorbitan monolaurate (CAS No.: 1338-39-2).

[0037] Comparative Preparation Example 2

[0038] A fuel additive composition was prepared by uniformly mixing 15 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (CAS No.: 27247-96-7), 10 parts by weight of calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 61789-86-4), 25 parts by weight of calcium acetylacetonate hydrate (CAS No.: 345909-31-1), 15 parts by weight of overbased calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No.: 68783-96-0), and 35 parts by weight of sorbitan monolaurate (CAS No.: 1338-39-2).

[0039] 4. Combustion test in marine engines

[0040] Fuel oil was prepared by adding 0.025% (v / v) of a fuel additive composition to heavy oil. After combustion tests were conducted in a marine engine (manufacturer: STX engine; model: MAN B&W 51-23 / 30H; power: 650 kW; speed: 720 rpm), the efficiency of the fuel additive composition in reducing particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) was measured using ISO 8178-2 test method (Reciprocating internal combustion engines - Exhaust emission measurement - Part 2: Measurement of gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions under field conditions).

[0041] Table 2 summarizes the results of particulate matter (PM) emission concentration measurements when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to heavy oil and tested in a marine engine. Table 3 summarizes the results of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission concentration measurements when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to heavy oil and tested in a marine engine. Table 4 summarizes the results of hydrocarbon (HC) emission concentration measurements when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to heavy oil and tested in a marine engine. Table 5 summarizes the results of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission concentration measurements when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to heavy oil and tested in a marine engine.

[0042] Table 2

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] Table 3

[0046]

[0047] Table 4

[0048]

[0049] Table 5

[0050]

[0051] 5. Combustion test in a gasoline internal combustion engine

[0052] Fuel oil was prepared by adding 0.1% (v / v) of a fuel additive composition to gasoline. After combustion tests were conducted in a gasoline vehicle engine, the effect of the fuel additive composition on reducing carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) was measured using the test methods GB / T 19233-2008 (Chinese Standard: Measurement methods of fuel consumption for light-duty vehicles) and GB 18352.3-2005 (Chinese Standard: Limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles (III,IV)).

[0053] Table 6 summarizes the results of measuring carbon monoxide (CO) emissions when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to gasoline and combustion tests were conducted in a gasoline vehicle engine. Table 7 summarizes the results of measuring hydrocarbon (HC) emissions when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to gasoline and combustion tests were conducted in a gasoline vehicle engine. Table 8 summarizes the results of measuring nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to gasoline and combustion tests were conducted in a gasoline vehicle engine.

[0054] Table 6

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] Table 7

[0058]

[0059] Table 8

[0060]

[0061] 6. Combustion test in a light oil internal combustion engine

[0062] Fuel oil was prepared by adding 0.1% (v / v) of a fuel additive composition to light oil. After combustion tests were conducted in light oil vehicle engines, the effects of the fuel additive composition on reducing particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) were measured using the test methods GB 17691-2005 [Chinese Standard: Limits and measurement methods for exhaust pollutants from compression ignition and gas fueled positive ignition engines of vehicles (III, IV, V)] and GB / T 17692-1999 [Chinese Standard: Measurement methods of net power for automotive engines]

[0063] Table 9 summarizes the results of particulate matter (PM) emissions measurements when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to light oil and tested in a light oil vehicle engine. Table 10 summarizes the results of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions measurements when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to light oil and tested in a light oil vehicle engine. Table 11 summarizes the results of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions measurements when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to light oil and tested in a light oil vehicle engine. Table 12 summarizes the results of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions measurements when fuel oil was prepared by adding a fuel additive composition to light oil and tested in a light oil vehicle engine.

[0064] Table 9

[0065]

[0066] Table 10

[0067]

[0068]

[0069] Table 11

[0070]

[0071] Table 12

[0072]

[0073] As shown in Tables 2 to 12 above, when the fuel additive compositions prepared in Preparation Examples 1 to 3 are added to various fuels such as gasoline, light oil, and heavy oil, the combustion efficiency during fuel combustion is improved, while the generation of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) is significantly reduced. In particular, it was confirmed that the fuel additive compositions prepared in Preparation Examples 1 to 3 are significantly more effective than the fuel additive compositions prepared in Comparative Preparation Examples 1 and 2 in reducing air pollutants.

[0074] As described above, the present invention has been illustrated through the embodiments described above. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not necessarily limited thereto. Of course, various modifications and implementations can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be interpreted as including all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel additive composition, characterized in that, It includes tert-butylhydroquinone (CAS No. 1948-33-0), calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No. 61789-86-4), calcium acetylacetone hydrate (CAS No. 345909-31-1), high-alkalinity calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No. 68783-96-0), sorbitan monolaurate (CAS No. 1338-39-2), and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (CAS No. 27247-96-7).

2. The fuel additive composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the above fuel additive composition, it comprises 10-20% by weight of tert-butylhydroquinone (CAS No. 1948-33-0), 5-15% by weight of calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No. 61789-86-4), 20-35% by weight of calcium acetylacetone hydrate (CAS No. 345909-31-1), 10-20% by weight of high-alkalinity calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No. 68783-96-0), 24-40% by weight of sorbitan monolaurate (CAS No. 1338-39-2), and 4-12% by weight of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (CAS No. 27247-96-7).

3. The fuel additive composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the total weight of the above fuel additive composition, it comprises 12-18% by weight of tert-butylhydroquinone (CAS No. 1948-33-0), 8-14% by weight of calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No. 61789-86-4), 22-30% by weight of calcium acetylacetone hydrate (CAS No. 345909-31-1), 12-18% by weight of high-alkalinity calcium petroleum sulfonate (CAS No. 68783-96-0), 25-35% by weight of sorbitan monolaurate (CAS No. 1338-39-2), and 5-10% by weight of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (CAS No. 27247-96-7).

4. A fuel oil, characterized in that, Include: Choose any liquid fuel from the group consisting of gasoline, light oil, and heavy oil; and The fuel additive composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The fuel oil according to claim 4, characterized in that, The content of the fuel additive composition in the above fuel oil is 0.01L to 0.5L relative to 100L of liquid fuel.

6. The fuel oil according to claim 5, characterized in that, The content of the fuel additive composition in the above fuel oil is 0.02L to 0.25L relative to 100L of liquid fuel.

7. The fuel oil according to claim 4, characterized in that, The aforementioned heavy oil is selected from petroleum-based heavy oil, bio-based heavy oil, or a mixture of petroleum-based heavy oil and bio-based heavy oil.

8. The fuel oil according to claim 7, characterized in that, The weight ratio of petroleum-based heavy oil to bio-based heavy oil in the above-mentioned mixed heavy oil is 7:3 to 3:7.

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