High-speed switching mechanism and hybrid solid-state circuit breaker
By introducing a bistable magnetic holding device into the high-speed switching mechanism, the magnetic force of the permanent magnet is used to hold the moving contact in place, which solves the problems of large size and wear of traditional mechanical linkage structures and achieves stable and long-life moving contact operation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANGHAI LIANGXIN ELECTRICAL CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-24
AI Technical Summary
Traditional high-speed repulsion mechanisms rely on mechanical linkages to maintain the structure through dead points, resulting in large structural volume, severe mechanical wear, and limited lifespan, which affects the overall structural performance.
A bistable magnetic holding device is adopted. The moving contact is linked to the drive shaft. Pulse current is applied to the closing coil and the opening coil. The magnetic force of the permanent magnet is used to hold the moving contact in the closed or open state, reducing mechanical wear.
It achieves stable maintenance of the moving contact state, reduces mechanical wear, improves the service life and overall performance of the structure, and has a compact structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN121922501A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of low-voltage electrical technology, specifically to a high-speed switching mechanism and a hybrid solid-state circuit breaker. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional high-speed repulsion mechanisms are used to drive the movement of the moving contact, causing the moving and stationary contacts to make contact for closing or opening the circuit. Furthermore, to maintain a stable closed or open state, traditional high-speed repulsion mechanisms rely on a mechanical linkage over-dead-point holding structure to keep the moving contact in a steady state during closing or opening. However, this method of relying on a mechanical linkage over-dead-point holding structure has disadvantages such as large structural volume, mechanical wear, and limited lifespan, which are detrimental to the overall structural performance. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a high-speed switching mechanism and a hybrid solid-state circuit breaker that can achieve stable closing and opening states and improve the overall structural performance.
[0004] In one aspect of this application, a high-speed switching mechanism is provided, including a stationary contact and a moving contact disposed opposite to each other along a first direction, and a drive shaft disposed along the first direction. The drive shaft is linked to the moving contact, and a bistable magnetic holding device is connected to the drive shaft. The bistable magnetic holding device has a first stable magnetic holding position and a second stable magnetic holding position corresponding to the closing position and the opening position, respectively. The bistable magnetic holding device includes a moving iron core fixed on the drive shaft, and a first fixed permanent magnet and a second fixed permanent magnet fixedly disposed thereon. The first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet are disposed opposite each other along a second direction, and the magnetic forces of the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet are repulsive. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The moving iron core is located between the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet. When the moving iron core deviates from the center between the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet, the moving iron core will be pushed by magnetic force to one side along the first direction.
[0005] Optionally, it also includes a repulsion disk passing through the drive shaft. The repulsion disk is disposed along the first direction on the side of the moving contact away from the stationary contact. A tripping coil is disposed between the repulsion disk and the moving contact. A closing coil is disposed on the side of the repulsion disk away from the tripping coil along the first direction. The closing coil and the tripping coil are used to pass pulse current to drive the moving contact to switch between a closed state and a tripping state.
[0006] Optionally, when the moving contact is in the closed holding state, the opening coil is energized to drive the moving contact to move from the closed position to the open position, and at the end of the movement toward the open position, the moving contact is held in the open state by the bistable magnetic holding device.
[0007] Optionally, when the moving contact is in the open holding state, the closing coil is energized to drive the moving contact to move from the open position to the closed position, and at the end of the movement, the moving contact is held in the closed state by the bistable magnetic holding device.
[0008] Optionally, both the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet are semi-hollow cylinders, and the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet are connected to form a hollow cylinder.
[0009] Optionally, both the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet are semi-hollow cylinders, and the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet are joined together to form a hollow cylinder.
[0010] Optionally, it further includes a bushing, and a bushing upper cover and a bushing lower cover located on both sides of the bushing along the first direction, wherein the first fixed permanent magnet and the second fixed permanent magnet are located in the cavity formed by the bushing, the bushing upper cover and the bushing lower cover; the moving iron core is positioned by the bushing upper cover and the bushing lower cover; Through the opening coil, the moving iron core touches or approaches the lower cover of the bushing from the upper cover, and the moving contact is held in the open state by the bistable magnetic holding device; through the closing coil, the moving iron core approaches the upper cover of the bushing from the lower cover, and the moving contact is held in the closed state by the bistable magnetic holding device.
[0011] Optionally, the closing coil is located on the side of the moving contact away from the stationary contact, and the electromagnetic force generated by the closing coil when energized is directed toward the stationary contact, and is consistent with the direction of the target magnetic holding force experienced by the moving contact in the later stage of the process from the open position to the closed position.
[0012] Optionally, an insulating seat may also be provided between the drive shaft and the moving contact.
[0013] Another aspect of this application provides a hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, including: a disconnecting switch, a solid-state switch, and the high-speed switching mechanism described above; The solid-state switch is connected in parallel with the high-speed switching mechanism, and the disconnecting switch is connected in parallel in the circuit where the high-speed switching mechanism is located, and connected in series in the circuit where the solid-state switch is located; During the connection process of the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, the disconnecting switch, the solid-state switch, and the high-speed switching mechanism are closed sequentially, and the solid-state switch is opened; during the disconnection process of the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, the solid-state switch is closed, and the high-speed switching mechanism, the solid-state switch, and the disconnecting switch are opened sequentially.
[0014] The high-speed switching mechanism and hybrid solid-state circuit breaker provided in this application embodiment, by setting a bistable magnetic holding device, has two stable positions, namely a first stable magnetic holding position corresponding to the closing position and a second stable magnetic holding position corresponding to the opening position, which can keep the moving contact in the closed or open state, making the closing or opening state stable; and the bistable magnetic holding device has a simple structure, which makes the overall size of the high-speed switching mechanism small. Through electromagnetic drive, mechanical wear is small, which is beneficial to the service life of the structure and can improve the overall structural performance. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 This is one of the schematic diagrams of the high-speed switching mechanism provided in this embodiment; Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the high-speed switching mechanism provided in this embodiment; Figure 3 This is the third schematic diagram of the high-speed switching mechanism provided in this embodiment.
[0017] Icons: 10-Mechanism housing; 21-Stationary contact; 22-Moving contact; 23-Insulating base; 31-Opening coil; 32-Repulsion disk; 33-Closing coil; 34-Drive shaft; 40-Moving iron core; 41-First fixed permanent magnet; 42-Second fixed permanent magnet; 43-Sleeve; 44-Sleeve; 45-Sleeve cover; F1-First direction; F2-Second direction. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0019] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "inner" and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0020] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "setup" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.
[0021] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this application embodiment provides a high-speed switching mechanism, including: a stationary contact 21 and a moving contact 22 disposed opposite to each other along a first direction F1, and a drive shaft 34 disposed along the first direction F1. The drive shaft 34 is linked with the moving contact 22, and a bistable magnetic holding device is connected to the drive shaft 34. The bistable magnetic holding device has a first stable magnetic holding position and a second stable magnetic holding position corresponding to the closing position and the opening position, respectively.
[0022] The moving contact 22 and the stationary contact 21 are arranged opposite to each other. The moving contact 22 is also linked with the drive shaft 34. The drive shaft 34 can drive the moving contact 22 toward the stationary contact 21 to achieve closing, or drive the moving contact 22 away from the stationary contact 21 to achieve opening.
[0023] In some embodiments, an insulating seat 23 may be provided between the drive shaft 34 and the moving contact 22. The moving contact 22 and the insulating seat 23 are integrated. The drive shaft 34 and the moving contact 22 are connected through the insulating seat 23, which can realize high and low voltage electrical isolation. While ensuring the safety of the operator, the mechanical transmission characteristics are used to accurately control the movement of the moving contact 22, and the insulation performance can be significantly improved without increasing the size of the equipment.
[0024] The drive shaft 34 is also connected to a bistable magnetic holding device. When the moving contact 22 and the stationary contact 21 are closed, the bistable magnetic holding device has a first stable magnetic holding position, which allows the moving contact 22 to remain in the closed state. When the moving contact 22 and the stationary contact 21 are opened, the bistable magnetic holding device has a second stable magnetic holding position, which allows the moving contact 22 to remain in the open state.
[0025] Therefore, the high-speed switching mechanism provided in this application embodiment, by setting a bistable magnetic holding device, has two stable positions, namely a first stable magnetic holding position corresponding to the closing position and a second stable magnetic holding position corresponding to the opening position, which can keep the moving contact 22 in the closing state or the opening state, so that the closing or opening state is stable; and the bistable magnetic holding device has a simple structure, which makes the overall size of the high-speed switching mechanism small. Through electromagnetic drive, mechanical wear is small, which is beneficial to the service life of the structure and can improve the overall structural performance.
[0026] Furthermore, it also includes a repulsion disk 32 passing through the drive shaft 34. The repulsion disk 32 is disposed along the first direction F1 on the side of the moving contact 22 away from the stationary contact 21. A tripping coil 31 is disposed between the repulsion disk 32 and the moving contact 22. A closing coil 33 is disposed on the side of the repulsion disk 32 away from the tripping coil 31 along the first direction F1. The closing coil 33 and the tripping coil 31 are used to pass pulse current to drive the moving contact 22 to move from one stable magnetic holding position and lock to another stable magnetic position, that is, to drive the moving contact 22 to switch between the closed state and the open state.
[0027] Along the first direction F1, the stationary contact 21, the moving contact 22, the opening coil 31, the repulsion disk 32, the closing coil 33, and the bistable magnetic holding device are arranged in sequence. The drive shaft 34 passes through the bistable magnetic holding device and extends toward the moving contact 22 by passing through the closing coil 33, the repulsion disk 32, and the opening coil 31 in sequence.
[0028] When a pulse current is applied to the closing coil 33 and the opening coil 31, an instantaneous electromagnetic repulsion force is generated to drive the moving contact 22 to move from one stable magnetic holding position and lock it to another stable magnetic holding position. That is, the moving contact 22 moves from the closing position to the opening position, or from the opening position to the closing position.
[0029] Specifically, when the moving contact 22 is in the closed holding state, the opening coil 31 is energized with a short-time pulse current. The electromagnetic repulsion generated by the pulse current drives the moving contact 22 from the closed position to the open position. At the end of the movement toward the open position, the moving contact 22 is captured by the bistable magnetic holding device and held in the open state by the bistable magnetic holding device.
[0030] Conversely, when the moving contact 22 is in the open holding state, the closing coil 33 is energized with a short-time pulse current, and the electromagnetic repulsion generated by the pulse current drives the moving contact 22 from the open position to the closed position. At the end of the movement toward the closed position, the moving contact 22 is captured by the bistable magnetic holding device, which holds the moving contact 22 in the closed state.
[0031] As mentioned above, the closing coil 33 is located on the side of the repulsion disk 32 away from the stationary contact 21. The electromagnetic force generated by the closing coil 33 when energized is directed towards the stationary contact 21 and is consistent with the direction of the target magnetic holding force experienced by the moving contact 22 in the later stage of the process from the open position to the closed position. In this way, the electromagnetic repulsion force generated by the closing coil 33 can drive the moving contact 22 to move towards the closed position and keep the moving contact 22 in the closed state.
[0032] For bistable magnetic latching devices, such as Figure 3 As shown, it includes a moving iron core 40 fixed on the drive shaft 34, and a first fixed permanent magnet 41 and a second fixed permanent magnet 42 fixed relative to the mechanism housing 10. The first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction F2. The moving iron core 40 is located between the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42. The second direction F2 is perpendicular to the first direction F1.
[0033] The first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 are fixedly mounted inside the housing 10 of the mechanism by means of a bushing 43, and the moving iron core 40 is located between the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42.
[0034] In some embodiments, the magnetic forces of the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 repel each other, and the moving iron core 40 is subjected to bidirectional magnetic forces from the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 on both sides. When the moving iron core 40 is located at the center between the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42, the moving iron core 40 is not subjected to any force and reaches a force balance; when the moving iron core 40 deviates from the center, the further it deviates from the center, the greater the magnetic force pushing it to one side, and the moving iron core 40 will be pushed by the magnetic force to one side along the first direction F1. That is to say, when the moving iron core 40 deviates from the center, it will be pushed upward by the magnetic force to drive the moving contact 22 to close, or pushed downward to drive the moving contact 22 to open.
[0035] The system also includes a bushing 43, and a bushing upper cover 45 and a bushing lower cover located on both sides of the bushing 43 along the first direction F1. A first fixed permanent magnet 41 and a second fixed permanent magnet 42 are installed in the cavity formed by the bushing 43, the bushing upper cover 45, and the bushing lower cover (not shown in the figure). The bushing lower cover is located on the side of the bushing 43 away from the bushing upper cover 45. Preferably, the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 are mated together, as the magnetic force on the moving iron core 40 is maximized after mating. A sleeve 44 is installed in the cavity formed by the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42. The moving iron core 40 is located inside the sleeve 44, and the sleeve 44 provides motion guidance for the moving iron core 40, allowing the moving iron core 40 to move along the first direction F1 within the sleeve 44. For example, the sleeve 44 can be made of insulating material or metal material.
[0036] When closing, the moving iron core 40 moves towards the stationary contact 21, and is positioned when it approaches the upper cover 45 of the bushing. When opening, the moving iron core 40 moves away from the stationary contact 21, and is positioned when it touches or approaches the lower cover of the bushing 43.
[0037] In some embodiments, the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 are semi-hollow cylinders, which are joined together to form a hollow cylinder.
[0038] Preferably, the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 are semi-hollow cylinders, which together form a hollow cylinder. After docking, the end faces of the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 of the semi-hollow cylinder may contact each other or have a gap that does not excessively reduce the magnetic force. That is, when the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 dock together, there may be a docking gap, but this gap will not significantly affect the magnetic force of the two.
[0039] It should be noted that, since there is a tiny gap between the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 after they are joined, the aforementioned semi-hollow cylinder or semi-hollow cylinder is not precisely half of the entire cylinder or whole cylinder, but rather close to a semi-hollow cylinder or semi-hollow cylinder. Any structure that can satisfy the requirement of the first fixed permanent magnet 41 and the second fixed permanent magnet 42 joining to form a cavity to accommodate the moving iron core 40 is acceptable.
[0040] Specifically, through the trip coil 31, the moving iron core 40 touches or approaches the lower cover of the bushing from the upper cover 45 of the bushing. At this time, the electromagnetic repulsion force generated by the trip coil 31 drives the moving contact 22 from the closed position to the open position, and the moving contact 22 is kept in the open state by the bistable magnetic holding device.
[0041] Through the closing coil 33, the moving iron core 40 approaches the upper cover 45 of the bushing from the lower cover of the bushing. At this time, the electromagnetic repulsion generated by the closing coil 33 drives the moving contact 22 from the open position to the closed position, and the moving contact 22 is kept in the closed state by the bistable magnetic holding device.
[0042] In some embodiments, the moving iron core 40 of this application is fixedly sleeved on the drive shaft 34.
[0043] On the other hand, embodiments of this application also disclose a hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, including a disconnecting switch, a solid-state switch, and a high-speed switching mechanism as described above.
[0044] The solid-state switch is connected in parallel with the high-speed switching mechanism, and the disconnecting switch is connected in parallel in the circuit where the high-speed switching mechanism is located, and connected in series in the circuit where the solid-state switch is located; During the connection process of the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, the disconnecting switch, solid-state switch, and high-speed switching mechanism close sequentially, and the solid-state switch opens; during the disconnect process of the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, the solid-state switch closes, and the high-speed switching mechanism, solid-state switch, and disconnecting switch open sequentially.
[0045] The high-speed switching mechanism of this application utilizes a bistable magnetic holding device to provide two stable positions, corresponding to the closed and open states respectively. The pulse currents of the closing coil 33 and the opening coil 31 generate instantaneous electromagnetic repulsion, driving the moving contact 22 to transition from one steady state to the other. The moving iron core 40 then self-holds itself in the new position due to the magnetic force, thereby achieving highly reliable, long-life, and rapid opening and closing operations of the circuit breaker without continuous energization.
[0046] This circuit breaker incorporates the same structure and beneficial effects as the high-speed switching mechanism in the foregoing embodiments. The structure and beneficial effects of the high-speed switching mechanism have been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments and will not be repeated here.
[0047] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A high-speed switching mechanism, characterized in that, include: The stationary contact (21) and the moving contact (22) are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction (F1), and the driving shaft (34) is also arranged along the first direction (F1). The driving shaft (34) is linked with the moving contact (22). A bistable magnetic holding device is connected to the driving shaft (34). The bistable magnetic holding device has a first stable magnetic holding position and a second stable magnetic holding position corresponding to the closing position and the opening position, respectively. The bistable magnetic holding device includes a moving iron core (40) fixed on the drive shaft (34), and a first fixed permanent magnet (41) and a second fixed permanent magnet (42) fixedly arranged. The first fixed permanent magnet (41) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) are arranged opposite to each other along a second direction (F2), and the magnetic forces of the first fixed permanent magnet (41) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) repel each other. The second direction (F2) is perpendicular to the first direction (F1). The moving iron core (40) is located between the first fixed permanent magnet (41) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42). When the moving iron core (40) deviates from the center between the first fixed permanent magnet (41) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42), the moving iron core (40) will be pushed by magnetic force to one side along the first direction (F1).
2. The high-speed switching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a repulsion disk (32) passing through the drive shaft (34). The repulsion disk (32) is disposed along the first direction (F1) on the side of the moving contact (22) away from the stationary contact (21). A tripping coil (31) is disposed between the repulsion disk (32) and the moving contact (22). A closing coil (33) is disposed on the side of the repulsion disk (32) along the first direction (F1) away from the tripping coil (31). The closing coil (33) and the tripping coil (31) are used to pass pulse current to drive the moving contact (22) to switch between the closed state and the open state.
3. The high-speed switching mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the moving contact (22) is in the closed holding state, the opening coil (31) is energized to drive the moving contact (22) to move from the closed position to the open position, and at the end of the movement toward the open position, the moving contact (22) is held in the open state by the bistable magnetic holding device.
4. The high-speed switching mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the moving contact (22) is in the open holding state, the closing coil (33) is energized to drive the moving contact (22) to move from the open position to the closed position, and at the end of the movement, the moving contact (22) is held in the closed state by the bistable magnetic holding device.
5. The high-speed switching mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Both the first fixed permanent magnet (41) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) are semi-hollow cylinders. After the first fixed permanent magnet (41) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) are connected, they form a hollow cylinder.
6. The high-speed switching mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first fixed permanent magnet (41) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) are both semi-hollow cylinders. After the first fixed permanent magnet (41) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) are connected, a hollow cylinder is formed.
7. The high-speed switching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a bushing (43), and a bushing upper cover (45) and a bushing lower cover located on both sides of the bushing (43) along the first direction (F1), the first fixed permanent magnet (41) and the second fixed permanent magnet (42) are located in the cavity formed by the bushing (43), the bushing upper cover (45) and the bushing lower cover; the moving iron core (40) is positioned by the bushing upper cover (45) and the bushing lower cover; Through the opening coil (31), the moving iron core (40) touches or approaches the lower cover of the bushing from the upper cover (45), and the moving contact (22) is kept in the open state by the bistable magnetic holding device; through the closing coil (33), the moving iron core (40) approaches the upper cover of the bushing from the lower cover, and the moving contact (22) is kept in the closed state by the bistable magnetic holding device.
8. The high-speed switching mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The closing coil (33) is located on the side of the moving contact (22) away from the stationary contact (21). The electromagnetic force generated by the closing coil (33) is directed towards the stationary contact (21) and is consistent with the direction of the target magnetic holding force that the moving contact (22) experiences in the later stage of the process from the open position to the closed position.
9. The high-speed switching mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, An insulating seat (23) may also be provided between the drive shaft (34) and the moving contact (22).
10. A hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, characterized in that, Including disconnect switches, solid-state switches, and the high-speed switching mechanism as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; The solid-state switch is connected in parallel with the high-speed switching mechanism, and the disconnecting switch is connected in parallel in the circuit where the high-speed switching mechanism is located, and connected in series in the circuit where the solid-state switch is located; During the connection process of the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, the disconnecting switch, the solid-state switch, and the high-speed switching mechanism are closed sequentially, and the solid-state switch is opened; during the disconnection process of the hybrid solid-state circuit breaker, the solid-state switch is closed, and the high-speed switching mechanism, the solid-state switch, and the disconnecting switch are opened sequentially.