Relay-free ultra-long distance communication and perception integrated method and system

Abstract

The invention provides a relay-free ultra-long distance communication and perception integration method and system, and relates to the technical field of communication and perception integration based on optical fibers, and the method comprises the steps: generating a communication signal and a sensing probe signal through a communication and sensing integrated transmitter, inputting the communication signal and the sensing probe signal to a first end of an optical fiber link, and outputting the communication signal and the sensing probe signal from a second end of the optical fiber link, a sensing probe signal is output from the second end of the optical fiber link and is input to a communication receiver, the sensing probe signal is output from the second end of the optical fiber link and then is input to a loopback module, the loopback module divides the sensing probe signal into two paths of sub-probe signals, generates two paths of IF signals based on the two paths of sub-probe signals, and outputs the two paths of IF signals to the second end of the optical fiber link; the two paths of IF signals are transmitted to the optical fiber link and output to the sensing receiver from the first end of the optical fiber link, and the sensing receiver determines the vibration position on the optical fiber link based on the delay of the two paths of IF signals, so that the integration of communication and sensing is realized through the loopback module, the modes with higher system complexity, such as a GPS (Global Positioning System), are not needed, and the system complexity is lower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated communication and sensing technology based on optical fiber, and in particular to a relay-free ultra-long-distance integrated communication and sensing method and system. Background Technology

[0002] Fiber optic communication is a core supporting technology for modern information transmission and has been widely deployed globally, demonstrating irreplaceable advantages, especially in high-bandwidth, high-reliability scenarios such as backbone communication, metropolitan area networks, data center interconnection, and submarine communication. Its main characteristics include ultra-high bandwidth, ultra-low loss, high security, and strong anti-interference capabilities, enabling ultra-high-speed, high-capacity data transmission with an extremely low bit error rate. In recent years, with the rapid development of the digital economy and the increasing demands on network performance from new services such as 5G / 6G, cloud computing, the Internet of Things, and the Industrial Internet, fiber optic communication systems are accelerating their evolution towards higher baud rates, longer transmission distances, and stronger network adaptability.

[0003] Meanwhile, besides carrying data communication functions, optical fiber is also a highly promising distributed sensing medium. During light transmission in optical fiber, Rayleigh scattering, Brillouin scattering, and Raman scattering occur. Minor external disturbances (such as vibration, temperature, and strain) modulate these scattered signals, enabling the sensing of external physical quantities. In recent years, Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing (DOFS) technology has developed rapidly and has been widely applied in scenarios such as bridges, tunnels, pipelines, border security, and geological disaster early warning, forming a series of distributed optical fiber sensing systems represented by Φ-OTDR (phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer), B-OTDA (Brillouin optical time-domain analyzer), and R-OTDR (Raman optical time-domain reflectometer).

[0004] Against this backdrop, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) technology has emerged. This technology fully leverages redundant resources and signal characteristics in fiber optic communication links, endowing communication networks with "environmental awareness" capabilities without affecting communication functionality, thus achieving deep integration between the network and the physical world. Compared to traditional independently deployed communication and sensing systems, the integrated sensing and communication solution offers advantages such as high resource sharing, lower deployment costs, higher system integration, and easier maintenance, making it one of the key technological paths for building next-generation intelligent sensing networks.

[0005] Currently, integrated sensing technology has received widespread attention in both academia and industry, and has made initial progress in several areas. For example, it has been used to achieve an integrated vibration sensing and transmission system by multiplexing existing communication signals over fiber optic links; or to reduce system complexity by sharing optical devices such as light sources, modulators, and detectors, enabling the coordinated acquisition of communication signals and Rayleigh / Brillouin / Raman scattering signals. These attempts have effectively improved the utilization efficiency of system resources and demonstrated promising application prospects.

[0006] However, in real-world deployment scenarios involving ultra-long distances (e.g., over 100km), there are issues of complex system deployment and increased costs. To simultaneously meet the demands for high-quality long-distance communication and high-sensitivity sensing, traditional solutions often require the introduction of additional optical devices such as erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), repeaters, and wavelength division multiplexers (WDMs), which significantly increases the difficulty of system deployment and overall cost, while also placing higher demands on equipment stability and long-term maintenance.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a system solution that can integrate communication and vibration sensing with low system complexity to meet the growing demand for intelligent sensing network construction. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the high complexity of existing integrated communication and sensing systems, this invention provides a relay-free, ultra-long-distance integrated communication and sensing method and system. The technical solution is as follows: On the one hand, a repeaterless ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated method is provided. This method is applied to a repeaterless ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated system, which includes a communication-sensing integrated transmitter, an optical fiber link, a loopback module, a sensing receiver, and a communication receiver. The communication-sensing integrated transmitter is connected to the first end of the optical fiber link, and the second end of the optical fiber link is connected to the input end of the communication receiver, the loopback module, and the output end of the loopback module. The first end of the optical fiber link is also connected to the sensing receiver. The method includes: The integrated communication and sensing transmitter generates communication signals and sensing probe signals, inputs the communication signals and sensing probe signals to the first end of the optical fiber link, transmits them through the optical fiber link, outputs them from the second end of the optical fiber link, and inputs them to the communication receiver. After the sensor probe signal is output from the second end of the fiber optic link, it is also input to the loopback module; The loopback module divides the sensor probe signal into two sub-probe signals, provides different frequency shifts for the two sub-probe signals, generates two IF signals, introduces a delay in one of the IF signals, and then outputs the two IF signals to the second end of the optical fiber link. After being transmitted through the optical fiber link, the signals are output from the first end of the optical fiber link to the sensor receiver. The sensor receiver receives two IF signals and determines the vibration location on the fiber optic link based on the delay between the two IF signals.

[0009] Optionally, a delay can be introduced into one of the IF signals, achieved through a delay fiber.

[0010] Optionally, the vibration location on the fiber optic link is determined based on the delay between the two IF signals, including: The vibration location on the optical fiber link can be determined using the following formula: ,in, This is the total length of the fiber optic link. To introduce a delay, the time it takes for the delayed IF signal to pass through the vibration location is relative to the time it takes for the sensing probe signal to pass through the vibration location. Let be the length of the delay fiber, c be the speed of light in a vacuum, and n be the refractive index of the fiber.

[0011] Optionally, Determined in the following manner: Determine the differential signal based on the two IF signals. , ,in, The phase change is introduced by vibration. The time it takes for the IF signal without introduced delay to pass through the vibration position is relative to the time it takes for the sensing probe signal to pass through the vibration position. To introduce a delay, the time it takes for the delayed IF signal to pass through the vibration location is relative to the time it takes for the sensing probe signal to pass through the vibration location. ; Determined based on the differential signal And perform cross-correlation calculations to determine The value of .

[0012] Optionally, before inputting the communication signal and the sensing probe signal to the first end of the fiber optic link, the method further includes: Frequency guard bands are added to communication signals and sensor probe signals.

[0013] Optionally, the sensing probe signal includes: Frequency pilot signal or residual carrier signal.

[0014] Optionally, after the communication receiver receives the communication signal and the sensor probe signal, the method further includes: The communication receiver performs beat frequency analysis based on communication signals and sensor probe signals, and extracts phase noise. Noise suppression of communication signals based on extracted phase noise.

[0015] On the other hand, a relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated system is also provided. This system is used to implement the relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated method provided in the embodiments of the present invention. The system includes: Integrated communication and sensing transmitter, fiber optic link, loopback module, sensor receiver, and communication receiver; The integrated communication and sensing transmitter is connected to the first end of the fiber optic link; The second end of the fiber optic link is connected to the input of the communication receiver and the loopback module, as well as the output of the loopback module. The first end of the fiber optic link is also connected to a sensor receiver; The integrated communication and sensing transmitter is used to generate communication signals and sensing probe signals. The communication signals and sensing probe signals are input to the first end of the optical fiber link. After being transmitted through the optical fiber link, they are output from the second end of the optical fiber link and input to the communication receiver. The sensing probe signals are output from the second end of the optical fiber link and also input to the loopback module. The loopback module is used to split the sensor probe signal into two sub-probe signals, provide different frequency shifts for the two probe signals, generate two IF signals, introduce a delay in one of the IF signals, and then output the two IF signals to the second end of the optical fiber link. After transmission through the optical fiber link, the signals are output from the first end of the optical fiber link to the sensor receiver. The sensor receiver is used to receive two IF signals and determine the vibration location on the fiber optic link based on the delay between the two IF signals.

[0016] On the other hand, a relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated device is also provided, which includes: processor; The memory stores computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0017] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores program code that can be called by a processor to execute the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: This invention generates communication and sensing signals using an integrated communication and sensing transmitter. These signals are input to the first end of an optical fiber link, transmitted through the link, and then output from the second end, being input to a communication receiver. The sensing probe signals, after being output from the second end, are also input to a loopback module. This module divides the sensing probe signals into two sub-probe signals, providing different frequency shifts to generate two IF signals. A delay is introduced into one of the IF signals, and both IF signals are output to the second end of the optical fiber link. After transmission through the link, they are output from the first end to a sensing receiver. The sensing receiver receives the two IF signals and, based on the delay, determines the vibration location on the optical fiber link. Thus, by using a remotely located loopback module, communication and sensing are integrated, eliminating the need for complex systems like GPS and resulting in a lower overall system complexity. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated method provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the inventive principle provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram of an embodiment of the invention and a schematic diagram of a DSP demodulation process provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a communication demodulation result provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a sensing result provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a relay-free ultra-long-distance integrated communication and sensing system provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated long-distance communication and sensing device without repeaters provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] In embodiments of the present invention, words such as "exemplarily," "for example," etc., are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" in the present invention should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present the concept in a concrete manner. Furthermore, in embodiments of the present invention, the meaning expressed by "and / or" can be both, or either one.

[0023] In the embodiments of this invention, the terms "image" and "picture" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, their intended meanings are consistent. Similarly, the terms "of," "corresponding (relevant)," and "corresponding" may sometimes be used interchangeably. It should be noted that, without emphasizing the distinction between them, their intended meanings are consistent.

[0024] In this embodiment of the invention, sometimes a subscript such as W1 may be represented in a non-subscript form such as W1. When the difference is not emphasized, the meaning they express is the same.

[0025] To make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, a detailed description will be given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0026] To address the high complexity of existing integrated communication and sensing systems, this invention provides a relay-free, ultra-long-distance integrated communication and sensing method and system. The technical solution is as follows: On one hand, a repeaterless ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated method is provided. This method is applied to a repeaterless ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated system, which includes a communication-sensing integrated transmitter, an optical fiber link, a loopback module, a sensor receiver, and a communication receiver. The communication-sensing integrated transmitter is connected to the first end of the optical fiber link, and the second end of the optical fiber link is connected to the input and output ends of the communication receiver and the loopback module. The first end of the optical fiber link is also connected to the sensor receiver. Figure 1 As shown, the method provided in this embodiment of the invention includes: S1. The integrated communication and sensing transmitter generates communication signals and sensing probe signals, inputs the communication signals and sensing probe signals to the first end of the optical fiber link, transmits them through the optical fiber link, outputs them from the second end of the optical fiber link, and inputs them to the communication receiver.

[0027] S2. After the sensor probe signal is output from the second end of the optical fiber link, it is also input to the loopback module.

[0028] S3, the loopback module divides the sensor probe signal into two sub-probe signals, provides different frequency shifts for the two sub-probe signals, generates two IF signals, introduces a delay in one of the IF signals, and then outputs the two IF signals to the second end of the optical fiber link. After transmission through the optical fiber link, the signals are output from the first end of the optical fiber link to the sensor receiver.

[0029] S4. The sensor receiver receives two IF signals and determines the vibration location on the optical fiber link based on the delay between the two IF signals.

[0030] Optionally, before inputting the communication signal and the sensor probe signal to the first end of the optical fiber link, the method further includes adding a frequency guard band to the communication signal and the sensor probe signal.

[0031] Optionally, the sensing probe signal includes a frequency pilot signal or a residual carrier signal.

[0032] In some embodiments, the hardware architecture of the relay-free ultra-long-distance integrated communication and sensing system provided by the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in (a), the main components include a laser, a communication and sensing integrated transmitter (the communication & sensing transmitter in the figure), an optical fiber link, a communication receiver, and a sensing receiver. The laser is a narrow linewidth type that emits highly coherent light.

[0033] Integrated communication and sensing transmitter: In some implementations, the integrated communication and sensing transmitter consists of an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), an electro-optic modulator, and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), which is responsible for generating communication signals and sensing probe signals (the sensing probe signals can be frequency domain pilots or residual carriers), and amplifying the communication signals and sensing probe signals to an appropriate power. Figure 2 (c) shows the spectrum of the communication signal and the sensor probe signal, illustrating a dual-band subcarrier signal and the sensor probe signal. The frequency domain pilot has a frequency shift compared to the laser wavelength, while the residual carrier does not. Communication and sensing share a single transmitter.

[0034] Fiber optic links: There are two selectable architectures for fiber optic links. Architecture 1 consists of a single-mode fiber (in longer links, the single-mode fiber can be multiple fibers connected by flanges or fusion spliced), with forward-propagating light propagating bidirectionally along the fiber. Architecture 2 consists of two single-mode fibers of equal length (again, each fiber can be multiple fibers connected by flanges or fusion spliced), with either fiber responsible for unidirectional forward light propagation. By analyzing the signals transmitted in the fiber optic cable, abnormal vibrations on the link can be monitored in real time. The information monitored on the fiber optic link supports vibration event localization. Combined with machine learning algorithms, vibration events (such as mechanical construction or human-caused damage) can be accurately located and intelligently identified, providing important maintenance information for the communication system. For example, it can promptly detect excavation at any location or fiber optic cable damage, enabling early warning and facilitating timely repairs.

[0035] Loopback Module: The loopback module filters out communication signals and generates two intermediate frequency (IF) signals (IF1 and IF2) with different frequency shifts based on the sensor probe signals, one of which has an additional delay. The two IF signals are then reinjected into the fiber optic link, allowing them to travel back to the sensor receiver along the fiber optic link. Optionally, a delay can be introduced into one of the IF signals, which can be achieved using a delay fiber.

[0036] Sensor receiver: Used to receive IF1 and IF2, generate beat signals of IF1 and the local oscillator laser respectively, and perform ADC conversion and storage on the two beat signals. There are various ways to implement a sensor receiver, such as... Figure 2 As shown in (b), including but not limited to: Scheme 1. Composed of a 2 Option 1 consists of a 23dB coupler, a balanced photodetector (BPD), and a real-time oscilloscope. Option 2 consists of a 90° optical mixer, two BPDs, and an oscilloscope.

[0037] The sensor receiver and the integrated communication sensor transmitter are located on the same side of the fiber optic link, enabling coherent detection from the same source and thus avoiding additional noise. It also avoids the need for clock synchronization.

[0038] Communication receiver: It consists of a 90° optical mixer, a laser and a high-speed real-time oscilloscope, and is used to receive communication signals, perform ADC conversion on the communication signals and recover data.

[0039] The sensing principle of the repeaterless ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated system provided in this invention is based on a fiber optic interferometer. The sensing probe signal is either a frequency-domain pilot signal generated by an electro-optic modulator (IQ modulator / MZM modulator) or a residual carrier wave retained after the laser passes through the modulator. After the sensing probe signal reaches the far end through the fiber optic link and passes through the loopback module, it generates two intermediate frequency signals (IF1 and IF2) with different frequency shifts, one of which has an additional delay. When vibration occurs at a certain location on the fiber optic link, due to the photoelastic effect, the vibration signal will be linearly mapped onto the optical phase passing through that location. Because light propagates bidirectionally along an optical fiber link, the sensor probe signal enters the link from the first end and reaches the second end. During this process, the sensor probe signal passes through a vibration location (any vibration location along the optical fiber link) once. After exiting the second end, the signal passes through a loopback module, where it is frequency-shifted to form an IF1 signal. Further frequency shifting and delay then form an IF2 signal. IF1 and IF2 signals can be referred to as intermediate frequency (IF) signals. These signals then re-enter the optical fiber link from the second end and are transmitted back to the first end. This process involves passing through the vibration location again. This entire process is called bidirectional propagation of light along the optical fiber link, and both passes through the vibration location carry the phase of the vibration. Offline DSP demodulation of the ADC signal acquired by the sensor receiver yields the phase information of IF1 and IF2. This allows the construction of two differential signals, and the delay of the differential signals is calculated using cross-correlation. This delay corresponds one-to-one with the vibration location, thus allowing the determination of the vibration location. The offline digital signal processing (DSP) flow is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in (b).

[0040] Optionally, the vibration location on the fiber optic link is determined based on the delay between the two IF signals, including: The vibration location on the optical fiber link can be determined using the following formula: ,in, This is the total length of the fiber optic link. To introduce a delayed IF signal, the time it takes for the signal to enter the receiver. Let be the length of the delay fiber, c be the speed of light in a vacuum, and n be the refractive index of the fiber.

[0041] Optionally, Determined in the following manner: Determine the differential signal based on the two IF signals. , ,in, It is a phase change introduced by vibration.

[0042] Determined based on the differential signal And perform cross-correlation calculations to determine The value of .

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown in (c), in the DSP of the integrated communication and sensing transmitter, the data is first mapped to PS-16 / 64QAM symbols (this is only for system demonstration; in practice, it is not limited to this modulation), and then the data frames are packed. After upsampling, the signal is shaped by a root-raised cosine (RRC) filter. Then, subcarrier modulation, resampling, and pre-emphasis processing are performed, and the signal is sent to an arbitrary waveform generator (AWG). In the DSP of the communication receiver, the received waveform is first resampled, and then a digital back-propagation (DBP) algorithm is used to compensate for fiber nonlinearity. Frequency and phase recovery is accomplished using sensor probe signals. After frame synchronization, a third-order sparse Volterra nonlinear equalizer (VNLE) based on the training sequence is used for channel equalization. Finally, blind phase search (BPS) is applied to accurately correct residual phase fluctuations within a ±5° range.

[0044] Since there are multiple ways to implement fiber optic links, sensing probe signals, and sensing receivers in this invention, some embodiments employ methods such as... Figure 3 The system structure is shown in (a). The laser type is a narrow linewidth laser. The transmitter is an integrated communication and sensing transmitter, and the AWG is used to modulate the communication signal onto the electrical domain. The electrical signal is amplified and then fed into a single-biased IQ modulator. The modulator's operating point is adjusted slightly off-center to introduce a residual carrier (or a frequency-domain pilot signal can be directly generated in the electrical domain, which also falls within the scope of this scheme) as a sensing probe signal. An appropriate frequency guard band is set between the communication signal and the sensing probe signal. The modulated light is injected into the fiber optic link and transmitted to the remote end. The loopback module is implemented as follows: Figure 3 As shown in (a), firstly, the communication signal is filtered out, leaving only the sensing probe to prevent subsequent transmission of communication data back to the transmitting end. Secondly, the sensing probe signal is split into two paths. Two AOMs (Alternating Optical Arrays) with different frequency shifts (or electro-optic modulators) are used to provide different frequency shifts to the two sensing probe signals, generating two IF signals. A delay fiber is added during the transmission of one of the IF signals. The length of the delay fiber is on the order of km, introducing an appropriate delay to the two intermediate frequency signals. The sensing receiver adopts scheme 1, i.e., one 2 The system consists of 2 3dB couplers, 1 BPD, and an oscilloscope. The fiber optic link uses a single optical fiber.

[0045] The expressions for the two IF signals are shown in Formula 1 and Formula 2: Formula 1:

[0046] Formula 2:

[0047] in It is the power of IF1. It is the power of IF2. It is the frequency of light. The frequency shift is introduced by AOM1. It is the frequency shift introduced by AOM2. It is a phase change introduced by vibration. It is the phase noise of IF1. It is the phase noise of IF2. It is the delay of IF1 after passing the vibration position. It is the delay of IF2 after passing the vibration position. This is the time difference between IF1 and IF2 entering the sensor receiver. After beat frequency matching, digitization, digital domain IQ demodulation, phase extraction, and differential signal construction, the differential signal can be obtained as shown in Equations 3 and 4: Formula 3:

[0048] Formula 4:

[0049] Equations 3 and 4 are the results after neglecting phase noise and DC phase. Since the seed light of the interferometer comes from a narrow-linewidth laser, neglecting phase noise is reasonable. Simultaneously, since the vibration signal exists in the AC term, DC can also be filtered out. Equations 3 and 4 have the relationship shown in Equation 5: Formula 5:

[0050] Through cross-correlation calculations, it can be determined that... The value of . The total length of the fiber optic link can be measured using an OTDR, and the location of the vibration can be determined using formula 6.

[0051] Formula 6:

[0052] Analysis of link noise reveals that phase noise is predominantly present at low frequencies, while vibrations in nature are mostly broadband, extending to higher frequency bands. Therefore, the phase signal is first denoised in the DSP of the sensor receiver, using methods such as high-pass filters or endpoint amplification to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Then, cross-correlation is used to calculate the delay. This weakens the impact of noise, and combined with the high SNR advantage of the forward transmission light, the distance advantage for vibration monitoring becomes prominent.

[0053] For communication receivers, sensor probe signals can also enter the receiver, and beat frequencies can occur between the communication signal and the sensor probe signal in the digital domain. This helps to extract phase noise, thereby suppressing phase noise and improving communication performance. The process of suppressing noise through beat frequencies between communication signals and sensor probe information is as follows.

[0054] Formula 7:

[0055] in, and It is the phase noise after the signal and carrier beat the LO frequency. , ,and These represent the phases of the signal, LO, and residual carrier, respectively. This scheme does not impose restrictions on the modulation format and DSP method used in communication; the configuration here is merely for demonstration purposes.

[0056] Optionally, after the communication receiver receives the communication signal and the sensor probe signal, the method further includes: The communication receiver performs beat frequency analysis based on communication signals and sensor probe signals, and extracts phase noise. Noise suppression of communication signals based on extracted phase noise.

[0057] This invention proposes a repeaterless, ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated method based on fiber optic links to overcome the limitations of traditional systems, such as limited distance and high complexity. The method provided by this invention does not require complex modulation techniques; it only needs to insert a pilot signal (or directly use a residual carrier) in the frequency domain of the communication signal to provide the optical probe required for sensing. Simultaneously, the pilot signal or residual carrier can also assist in phase recovery of the communication. Preliminary experimental demonstrations have confirmed that this invention can support repeaterless data transmission and distributed vibration sensing and localization over distances exceeding 200 km.

[0058] Figure 4 The demodulation results of the communication data show the relationship between NGMI and code rate measured under different entropy configurations when using PS-16 / 64QAM modulation. When the NGMI threshold is 0.8892 (corresponding to a coding rate of 0.8428), the system achieves a net bit rate of 838.7 Gb / s and a net bit rate of 668 Gb / s. Figure 4 The illustration shows the restored constellation. Figure 5 The results shown are the sensing results, specifically the two differential signals corresponding to Formulas 3 and 4. The delay is obtained through these differential signals, and the location of the vibration can be further obtained according to Formula 6.

[0059] This invention provides a method for long-distance, repeater-free sensing integration, and demonstration experiments have confirmed its excellent sensing integration effect. Furthermore, the system has low complexity, requiring neither complex sensor signal modulation nor repeaters or GPS time synchronization. This invention maximizes the use of hardware resources, effectively extends the current sensing integration distance, and provides new ideas for sensing integration applications, especially in long-distance, repeater-free transmission and sensing scenarios. It can timely monitor events on the transmission network, ensuring transmission security and supporting vibration-related research.

[0060] On the other hand, such as Figure 6 As shown, this embodiment of the invention also provides a relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated system. This system is used to implement the relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated method provided in this embodiment. The system includes: The communication and sensing integrated transmitter 601, the optical fiber link 602, the loopback module 603, the sensor receiver 604, and the communication receiver 605; The integrated communication and sensing transmitter 601 is connected to the first end of the optical fiber link 602; The second end of the fiber optic link 602 is connected to the input end of the communication receiver 605, the loopback module 603, and the output end of the loopback module 603. The first end of the fiber optic link is also connected to a sensor receiver; The integrated communication and sensing transmitter is used to generate communication signals and sensing probe signals. The communication signals and sensing probe signals are input to the first end of the optical fiber link. After being transmitted through the optical fiber link, they are output from the second end of the optical fiber link and input to the communication receiver. The sensing probe signals are output from the second end of the optical fiber link and also input to the loopback module. The loopback module is used to split the sensor probe signal into two sub-probe signals, provide different frequency shifts for the two probe signals, generate two IF signals, introduce a delay in one of the IF signals, and then output the two IF signals to the second end of the optical fiber link. After transmission through the optical fiber link, the signals are output from the first end of the optical fiber link to the sensor receiver. The sensor receiver is used to receive two IF signals and determine the vibration location on the fiber optic link based on the delay between the two IF signals.

[0061] On the other hand, a relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated device is also provided, which includes: processor; The memory stores computer-readable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0062] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores program code that can be called by a processor to execute the method provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0063] The beneficial effects of the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following: This invention generates communication and sensing signals using an integrated communication and sensing transmitter. These signals are input to the first end of an optical fiber link, transmitted through the link, and then output from the second end, being input to a communication receiver. The sensing probe signals, after being output from the second end, are also input to a loopback module. This module divides the sensing probe signals into two sub-probe signals, providing different frequency shifts to generate two IF signals. A delay is introduced into one of the IF signals, and both IF signals are output to the second end of the optical fiber link. After transmission through the link, they are output from the first end to a sensing receiver. The sensing receiver receives the two IF signals and, based on the delay, determines the vibration location on the optical fiber link. Thus, by using a remotely located loopback module, communication and sensing are integrated, eliminating the need for complex systems like GPS and resulting in a lower overall system complexity.

[0064] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated long-distance communication and sensing device without repeaters provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown, optionally, the relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated device 710 may include a first processor 2001.

[0065] Optionally, the repeaterless long-distance communication and sensing integrated device 710 may also include a memory 2002 and a transceiver 2003.

[0066] The first processor 2001, memory 2002, and transceiver 2003 can be connected via a communication bus.

[0067] The following is combined Figure 7 The following is a detailed introduction to the various components of the repeaterless ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated device 710: The first processor 2001 is the control center of the relay-free long-distance communication and sensing integrated device 710. It can be a single processor or a collective term for multiple processing elements. For example, the first processor 2001 can be one or more central processing units (CPUs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), or one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

[0068] Optionally, the first processor 2001 can perform various functions of the relay-free long-distance communication and sensing integrated device 710 by running or executing software programs stored in the memory 2002 and calling data stored in the memory 2002.

[0069] In a specific implementation, as one example, the first processor 2001 may include one or more CPUs, for example... Figure 7 CPU0 and CPU1 are shown in the diagram.

[0070] In a specific implementation, as one example, the relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated device 710 may also include multiple processors, for example... Figure 7 The first processor 2001 and the second processor 2004 are shown in the diagram. Each of these processors can be a single-core processor (single-CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU). Here, a processor can refer to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores used to process data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0071] The memory 2002 is used to store the software program that executes the present invention, and is controlled by the first processor 2001 to execute it. The specific implementation method can be referred to the above method embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0072] Optionally, the memory 2002 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto. The memory 2002 may be integrated with the first processor 2001 or exist independently, and may be connected via the interface circuit of the relay-free long-distance communication and sensing integrated device 710. Figure 7 (Not shown in the image) is coupled to the first processor 2001, and this embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit this.

[0073] The transceiver 2003 is used to communicate with network devices or with terminal devices.

[0074] Alternatively, transceiver 2003 may include a receiver and a transmitter. Figure 7 (Not shown separately). The receiver is used to implement the receiving function, and the transmitter is used to implement the transmitting function.

[0075] Optionally, the transceiver 2003 can be integrated with the first processor 2001, or it can exist independently, and can be connected to the interface circuit of the repeaterless ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated device 710. Figure 7 (Not shown in the image) is coupled to the first processor 2001, and this embodiment of the invention does not specifically limit this.

[0076] It should be noted that, Figure 7 The structure of the repeaterless long-distance communication and sensing integrated device 710 shown does not constitute a limitation on the repeaterless long-distance communication and sensing integrated device. The actual repeaterless long-distance communication and sensing integrated device may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0077] Furthermore, the technical effects of the relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated device 710 can be referred to the technical effects of the relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated device method in the above method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0078] It should be understood that the first processor 2001 in the embodiments of the present invention may be a central processing unit (CPU), or it may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor, etc.

[0079] It should also be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present invention can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of random access memory (RAM) are available, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous DRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous linked DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0080] The above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, by software, hardware (such as circuits), firmware, or any other combination thereof. When implemented using software, the above embodiments can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions or computer programs. When the computer instructions or computer programs are loaded or executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of the present invention is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. Computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, motor drive, or data center to another website, computer, motor drive, or data center via infrared, microwave, or other means. A computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a motor drive or data center that includes one or more sets of available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium (e.g., floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), an optical medium (e.g., DVD), or a semiconductor medium. A semiconductor medium can be a solid-state drive.

[0081] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. A and B can be singular or plural. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates an "or" relationship between the preceding and following related objects, but it can also represent an "and / or" relationship. Please refer to the context for a more accurate understanding.

[0082] In this invention, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of a single item or a plurality of items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be a single item or multiple items.

[0083] It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence number of each process does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0084] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0085] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the devices, apparatuses, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0086] In the embodiments provided by this invention, it should be understood that the disclosed devices, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0087] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0088] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0089] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a motor driver, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0090] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A relay-free, ultra-long-distance integrated communication and sensing method, characterized in that, The method is applied to a relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated system. This system comprises a communication-sensing integrated transmitter, an optical fiber link, a loopback module, a sensing receiver, and a communication receiver. The communication-sensing integrated transmitter is connected to a first end of the optical fiber link. The second end of the optical fiber link is connected to the input end of the communication receiver, the loopback module, and the output end of the loopback module. The first end of the optical fiber link is also connected to the sensing receiver. The method includes: The integrated communication and sensing transmitter generates communication signals and sensing probe signals, inputs the communication signals and sensing probe signals to the first end of the optical fiber link, transmits them through the optical fiber link, outputs them from the second end of the optical fiber link, and inputs them to the communication receiver. After the sensor probe signal is output from the second end of the fiber optic link, it is also input to the loopback module; The loopback module divides the sensor probe signal into two sub-probe signals, provides different frequency shifts for the two sub-probe signals, generates two IF signals, introduces a delay in one of the IF signals, and then outputs the two IF signals to the second end of the optical fiber link. After being transmitted through the optical fiber link, the signals are output from the first end of the optical fiber link to the sensor receiver. The sensor receiver receives two IF signals and determines the vibration location on the fiber optic link based on the delay between the two IF signals.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The delay is introduced into one of the IF signals, which is achieved through a delay fiber.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method of determining the vibration location on the optical fiber link based on the delay of the two IF signals includes: The vibration location on the optical fiber link can be determined using the following formula: ,in, This is the total length of the fiber optic link. To introduce a delay, the time it takes for the delayed IF signal to pass through the vibration location is relative to the time it takes for the sensing probe signal to pass through the vibration location. Let be the length of the delay fiber, c be the speed of light in a vacuum, and n be the refractive index of the fiber.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The Determined in the following manner: Determine the differential signal based on the two IF signals. , ,in, The phase change is introduced by vibration. The time it takes for the IF signal without introduced delay to pass through the vibration position is relative to the time it takes for the sensing probe signal to pass through the vibration position. To introduce a delay, the time it takes for the delayed IF signal to pass through the vibration location is relative to the time it takes for the sensing probe signal to pass through the vibration location. ; Determined based on the differential signal And perform cross-correlation calculations to determine The value of .

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before inputting the communication signal and the sensing probe signal to the first end of the optical fiber link, the method further includes: Frequency guard bands are added to communication signals and sensor probe signals.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensing probe signal includes: Frequency pilot signal or residual carrier signal.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the communication receiver receives the communication signal and the sensor probe signal, the method further includes: The communication receiver performs beat frequency analysis based on communication signals and sensor probe signals, and extracts phase noise. Noise suppression of communication signals based on extracted phase noise.

8. A relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated system, wherein the relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated system is used to implement the relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated method as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The system includes: Integrated communication and sensing transmitter, fiber optic link, loopback module, sensor receiver, and communication receiver; The integrated communication and sensing transmitter is connected to the first end of the fiber optic link; The second end of the fiber optic link is connected to the input of the communication receiver and the loopback module, as well as the output of the loopback module. The first end of the fiber optic link is also connected to a sensor receiver; The integrated communication and sensing transmitter is used to generate communication signals and sensing probe signals. The communication signals and sensing probe signals are input to the first end of the optical fiber link. After being transmitted through the optical fiber link, they are output from the second end of the optical fiber link and input to the communication receiver. The sensing probe signals are output from the second end of the optical fiber link and also input to the loopback module. The loopback module is used to split the sensor probe signal into two sub-probe signals, provide different frequency shifts for the two probe signals, generate two IF signals, introduce a delay in one of the IF signals, and then output the two IF signals to the second end of the optical fiber link. After transmission through the optical fiber link, the signals are output from the first end of the optical fiber link to the sensor receiver. The sensor receiver is used to receive two IF signals and determine the vibration location on the fiber optic link based on the delay between the two IF signals.

9. A relay-free, ultra-long-distance integrated communication and sensing device, characterized in that, The relay-free ultra-long-distance communication and sensing integrated device includes: processor; A memory storing computer-readable instructions that, when executed by the processor, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium contains program code that can be invoked by a processor to execute the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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