Universal clamping tool for swing bolster side frame of post-processing production line

Abstract

The invention relates to a general swing bolster side frame tool in the field of casting production, in particular to a general clamping tool for a swing bolster side frame in a post-processing production line, which comprises a tool main body, chuck mother plates at two ends, a swing bolster and side frame tool chuck assembly and a telescopic assembly, one end of the chuck mother board is fixed, the other end of the chuck mother board moves along a sliding groove through a lead screw-nut type telescopic assembly so as to adjust the distance, and the two kinds of chuck assemblies can achieve clamping width adjustment through U-shaped groove structures, are vertically integrated on the same chuck mother board and can be selectively used. The device can adapt to swing bolster and side frame castings of various models, a main body structure does not need to be replaced, and the model changing efficiency and the clamping stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of automated equipment for casting post-processing. Background Technology

[0002] As a key load-bearing component in the bogie of rail vehicles, the manufacturing quality of the bolster side frame directly affects the safety and stability of train operation. In the casting production process, bolster and side frame castings must undergo pre-processing steps such as casting, unpacking, and shot blasting cooling before entering post-processing stages such as cutting, grinding, and finishing. With the continuous improvement of product quality consistency and production efficiency requirements in the rail transit equipment manufacturing industry, the post-processing technology of bolster side frames is accelerating towards automation and intelligence. Against this backdrop, building a matching automated post-processing production line has become an inevitable trend in the industry. However, the efficient and stable operation of automated production lines not only depends on the advanced nature of the equipment itself, but also on the clamping tooling system that works in tandem with it. In the existing technology, the clamping of bolster side frame castings generally adopts special tooling. Such tooling is usually customized according to specific models or fixed specifications of castings, and its clamping structure, positioning reference, and installation dimensions are not adjustable, resulting in severely limited versatility. When production lines need to switch between processing different models, sizes, or lengths of bolster or side frame castings, it is often necessary to replace the entire tooling or disassemble and reassemble the clamping components. This is not only cumbersome and time-consuming, significantly extending the production preparation cycle, but also greatly increasing the design, manufacturing, and inventory costs of the tooling. Furthermore, some existing tooling has shortcomings in clamping stability, positioning accuracy, and integration with automated conveying systems. Displacement or loosening can easily occur during casting transport or processing, affecting the processing quality of subsequent processes and potentially causing equipment collisions or downtime. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a universal clamping tooling with a reasonable structure, convenient adjustment, and reliable clamping, capable of quickly adapting to various specifications of bolster and side frame castings without changing the main structure, effectively improving the flexibility, operational stability, and overall economic benefits of the post-processing production line.

[0003] A search revealed a magnetically assisted automatic clamping mechanism for the side frame of a bolster, with publication number CN115635431B and authorization announcement date of September 23, 2025. This patent achieves automatic clamping of the bolster side frame by setting up a mounting plate with a cylinder-driven chuck and a magnetic assist unit, and utilizes Ampere force to assist in supporting the casting in an inclined state, thereby reducing the stress on the gear transmission system. However, although this solution achieves automated clamping, its fixture is still a fixed structure, only suitable for specific models of bolsters or side frames. It lacks adjustable positioning or clamping components, making it unsuitable for castings of different lengths, widths, or with significant structural differences. Furthermore, it relies on a complex gear-motor-cylinder linkage system, resulting in structural redundancy, high maintenance costs, and the magnetic assist unit is sensitive to environmental conditions (such as temperature and electromagnetic interference), making long-term stable operation difficult in high-temperature, dusty post-processing production lines.

[0004] A search revealed a positioning fixture, handling device, and bogie production line with publication number CN222592649U, authorized on March 11, 2025. This utility model uses opposing support seats and auxiliary positioning structures to achieve support and limiting in the inclined section of the bolster, and can be used for positioning a single bolster or a bolster frame assembly. Although the fixture has a simple structure and occupies little space, its positioning point is fixed to a "set length segment," meaning it only adapts to bolster models with specific structural features, lacking adjustment mechanisms for lateral spacing, height, or clamping angle. For different series or newly developed bolster side frame products, the support seats still need to be redesigned or replaced, failing to achieve truly universal clamping. Furthermore, this fixture is mainly used for handling and temporary positioning, without considering the vibration resistance, impact resistance, and high repeatability positioning accuracy requirements of post-processing steps, making it difficult to meet the stability requirements of automated grinding, cutting, and other precision machining scenarios.

[0005] The aforementioned problems indicate that existing technologies in the field of bolster side frame post-processing clamping still suffer from shortcomings such as poor versatility, weak adjustability, and low integration with automated production lines. Therefore, this invention provides a universal clamping fixture for bolster side frames in post-processing production lines. It aims to achieve rapid adaptation and reliable positioning of various types of bolsters and side frame castings through a modular, multi-degree-of-freedom adjustable clamping structure design, thereby improving production line flexibility, machining accuracy, and operational efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing bolster side frame post-processing production lines, such as poor versatility, long changeover cycles, insufficient clamping stability, and low integration with automated conveying systems. It provides a compact, flexible, and reliable universal clamping fixture for bolster side frames in post-processing production lines. Through modular integrated design and a dual flexible adjustment mechanism, this fixture achieves rapid adaptation and stable clamping of various bolster and side frame castings on a single physical carrier. It allows for clamping and switching between different casting specifications without changing the main structure, significantly improving production line flexibility and operational continuity.

[0007] This invention provides a universal clamping fixture for a bolster side frame in a post-processing production line, comprising a fixture body, two chuck mother plates, a bolster fixture chuck assembly, a side frame fixture chuck assembly, and a telescopic assembly; wherein, the fixture body is a long, rigid frame structure extending along the X direction, and its top surface is welded with a through-type U-shaped groove along its entire length, the opening of which faces upwards, and the groove width is 20 mm. mm, the bottom of the groove is provided with a countersunk hole structure for the head of the limiting bolt; the two chuck plates are respectively set at the left and right ends of the tooling body. The left chuck plate is rigidly fixed to the end of the tooling body by full welding, while the right chuck plate is movably connected to the tooling body by a telescopic assembly and can move linearly back and forth in the X direction under the guidance constraint of the U-shaped slide groove; the telescopic assembly includes a manual screw, a nut block and a bearing seat, wherein the bearing seat is fixed to the top surface of the tooling body near the right end by M12 high-strength bolts, and its inner hole is equipped with a deep groove ball bearing to support the manual screw to rotate around its own axis; the manual screw adopts a trapezoidal thread Tr20×4, one end of which passes through the bearing seat and is exposed with a handwheel operating end, and the other end extends to the U Above the U-shaped slide groove; the nut block has a trapezoidal internal thread that matches the manual lead screw, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the sliding connecting block in the U-shaped slide groove by two M10 bolts; the sliding connecting block is a rectangular block, the width of which is slightly smaller than the width of the U-shaped slide groove opening, and the height matches the groove depth. It can slide freely in the X direction in the U-shaped slide groove but cannot rotate or come out; the M10 bolt passes vertically downward from the bottom of the nut block through the through hole and locks itself in the threaded hole on the sliding connecting block. The top is rigidly connected to the center area of ​​the back of the right end chuck mother plate by four M12 high-strength bolts; when the manual lead screw is rotated, the nut block moves in the X direction, driving the right end chuck mother plate to move synchronously, realizing the continuous adjustment of the distance between the two chuck mother plates. The adjustment stroke range is 150 mm to 300 mm to adapt to the length differences of various models of rocker bolsters or side frame castings such as K2, K6, and DZ1.

[0008] Furthermore, each chuck mother plate has two layers along the Z-direction on its front side: the upper layer is equipped with a rocker bolster tooling chuck assembly, the lowest point of which is ≥150 mm from the top surface of the chuck mother plate; the lower layer is equipped with a side frame tooling chuck assembly, the highest point of which is ≤70 mm from the bottom surface of the chuck mother plate; the total height of the chuck mother plate is 250 mm. The lumbar support chuck assembly is designed to ensure that the two components do not overlap in the Z-direction, and that when either component is in its maximum Y-direction adjustment position, the projection of its outer contour onto the XZ plane does not intrude into the working space of the other component. This ensures that only one type of chuck assembly participates in the clamping operation under any working condition, avoiding structural interference. The lumbar support chuck assembly consists of two symmetrically arranged lumbar clamping units. Each lumbar clamping unit includes a lumbar chuck, a lumbar chuck support base plate, and a lumbar transverse fixing block. The lumbar chuck support base plate is vertically fixed to the upper part of the chuck mother plate by M10 bolts. The lumbar transverse fixing block is installed on the front end face of the lumbar chuck support base plate, and its top surface has two parallel U-shaped grooves along the Y-direction. Each U-shaped groove is 12 mm wide, 60 mm long, and 50 mm apart. The U-shaped grooves are connected to the corresponding threaded mounting holes on the lumbar chuck support base plate by M10 bolts. When the bolts are not fully tightened, the lumbar transverse fixing block can slide ±30 mm along the U-shaped grooves in the Y-direction. mm, thereby adjusting the clamping distance between the left and right rocker chucks; to prevent clamping failure due to loosening of the main adjusting bolt during casting conveying or grinding vibration, a transverse fixing block is also provided at the end of the rocker chuck support base plate. The transverse fixing block is fixed to the side of the rocker chuck support base plate by M8 bolts. A transverse fixing bolt is arranged on the side facing the rocker chuck transverse fixing block. The axis of the transverse fixing bolt is perpendicular to the extension direction of the U-shaped groove (i.e., along the X direction). After tightening, its end face presses against the side wall of the rocker chuck transverse fixing block, forming a secondary locking force orthogonal to the main adjusting bolt, thus forming a double locking structure of "main adjusting sliding + secondary locking anti-loosening".

[0009] Specifically, the side frame tooling chuck assembly includes two symmetrically arranged side frame clamping units. Each side frame clamping unit consists of a side frame chuck, a side frame chuck adjusting block, and a side frame support base. The side frame chuck adjusting block is directly installed in the lower area of ​​the chuck mother plate. Its bottom surface has two parallel U-shaped grooves along the Y direction. The structural parameters of the U-shaped grooves are the same as those of the bolster transverse fixing block, i.e., groove width 12 mm, groove length 60 mm, and spacing 50 mm. The U-shaped grooves are connected to the corresponding threaded holes on the chuck mother plate by M10 bolts. When the bolts are not tightened, the side frame chuck adjusting block can slide ±30 mm in the Y direction. The clamping distance between the left and right side frame chucks is adjusted by mm. After adjustment, the M10 bolts are tightened and the side frame adjusting nuts are used for double locking. A side frame limiting block is welded to the back of the chuck mother plate. The limiting block has a countersunk hole on the side facing the side frame chuck adjusting block. An adjusting bolt is installed in the countersunk hole. The screw end of the adjusting bolt passes through the countersunk hole and abuts against the boss end face on the back of the side frame chuck adjusting block. The boss can be tightened by tightening the adjusting bolt to prevent the side frame chuck adjusting block from retracting in the Y direction when subjected to reverse force. The side frame support base is fixed to the lower area of ​​the chuck mother plate by M8 bolts and is located directly below the side frame chuck. Its top surface is a planar structure, which is used to support the lower surface of the side frame casting base to form a vertical support constraint.

[0010] When clamping the bolster casting, the left and right bolster chucks clamp the casting from the outside of the ear. The front end of the bolster chuck has a 15° guide slope that slopes upward and backward from the front end of the chuck, which facilitates the automatic insertion of the casting into the clamping position during the transport process. The inner side of the bolster chuck has a positioning boss with a height of 5 mm and a width of 20 mm. Its front end face contacts the edge of the bolster ear hole, realizing the coarse positioning of the casting in the Y direction. A 2.5 mm gap is maintained between the bottom of the bolster chuck and the bottom surface of the casting. This gap is precisely controlled by the installation height of the chuck to ensure that the casting can still be clamped smoothly without interference even when there is casting deformation or surface burrs.

[0011] When clamping the side frame casting, the left and right side frame chucks clamp the outer side of the side frame upright plate, and the side frame support supports the lower surface of the side frame base, forming a three-point constraint system of "two-point clamping + one-point support" to restrict the casting's translational degrees of freedom in X, Y, and Z. To further restrict the rotational degree of freedom around the Z-axis, the bottom of the side frame chuck is provided with an anti-rotation tenon. The tenon has a rectangular cross-section, with dimensions of 10 mm × 8 mm and a height of 6 mm. Its position corresponds to the process groove on the side frame base. When clamping, the tenon is inserted into the groove to form a mechanical anti-rotation structure. The inner side of the side frame chuck is provided with a rubber buffer pad with a thickness of 3 mm and a Shore hardness of 70A, which is used to absorb high-frequency vibrations during the grinding process and at the same time avoid direct metal contact damage to the casting surface.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the tooling body is provided with an installation interface for docking with the automated conveying system. This interface consists of two sets of symmetrically distributed positioning pin holes and bolt holes. The positioning pin holes have a diameter of Φ16H7 and are used to cooperate with the cylindrical pins on the conveying trolley to achieve precise positioning. The bolt holes are M16 through holes and are used to fix the tooling body to the conveying carrier with high-strength bolts. The tooling body is provided with lifting ear plates on both sides. The ear plates are 12 mm thick and have Φ20 through holes to facilitate the lifting and replacement of the whole machine.

[0013] The inner surfaces of the two side walls of the U-shaped slide are milled to a surface roughness Ra≤3.2 μm, ensuring that the nut block moves without jamming. The handwheel end of the manual screw is equipped with a scale with a scale resolution of 1 mm, corresponding to a 1 mm change in the actual clamping distance, which facilitates the operator to quickly set the target position. All adjusting bolts adopt an anti-loosening structure with spring washers, and key connection parts adopt an anti-loosening process with adhesive coating to ensure connection reliability under continuous vibration conditions.

[0014] Specifically, this invention vertically integrates the bolster and side frame chuck assembly onto the same chuck mother plate, enabling a single tooling to accommodate the clamping requirements of two types of castings. When switching production lines, only the chuck selection logic needs to be adjusted, without the need for physical tooling replacement. Macroscopic length adjustment in the X direction is achieved through a telescopic component, while microscopic width adjustment in the Y direction is achieved through the U-shaped groove structure of each chuck assembly. The two adjustment mechanisms are completely decoupled kinematically, do not interfere with each other, and the adjustment process is independent and controllable. The bolster chuck assembly adopts a double locking mechanism with the U-shaped groove main adjusting bolt and the transverse secondary locking bolt arranged orthogonally, which significantly improves dynamic clamping rigidity while ensuring adjustment flexibility and effectively suppresses clamping loosening caused by vibration.

[0015] In summary, the universal clamping fixture described in this invention achieves the following technical effects through the specific structural design and connection relationships: the main body of the fixture serves as a load-bearing foundation, providing rigid support and a conveying interface; the telescopic assembly, based on the screw-nut transmission principle, enables precise, continuous, and large-stroke adjustment of the distance between the two chuck mother plates; each chuck mother plate is vertically layered with bolsters and side frame chuck assemblies, achieving compatibility of common plates for two types of castings; the bolster chuck assembly, through a U-shaped groove sliding structure and a transverse secondary locking bolt, achieves a unified width adjustment and highly reliable locking; the side frame chuck assembly, through U-shaped groove adjustment and a combination of anti-rotation tenon and support seat, forms a stable spatial constraint; all adjustment mechanisms use standardized bolt connections and mechanical locking, allowing on-site adjustments without special tools, meeting the rapid changeover requirements of automated production lines. This fixture has clearly defined structural parameters, clear connection relationships, independent adjustment paths, and a reliable locking mechanism. Those skilled in the art can directly manufacture and apply it to actual production based on the content of this invention, without requiring creative labor. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a general tooling overall structure diagram of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a partially enlarged view of the chuck base of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the telescopic component of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working state when clamping the K6 type rocker bolster casting of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the working state when clamping the K6 type side frame casting of the present invention.

[0021] The attached figures are labeled as follows:

[0022] 1. Fixture body; 2. Chuck mother plate; 3. Rocker chuck; 4. Side frame chuck; 5. Telescopic assembly; 6. Side frame chuck adjusting block; 7. Side frame support base; 8. Rocker chuck support base; 9. Horizontal fixing bolt; 10. Horizontal fixing block; 11. Rocker chuck horizontal fixing block; 12. Rocker chuck support base plate; 13. Side frame adjusting nut; 14. Nut block; 15. Manual lead screw; 16. Bearing seat; 17. U-shaped slide groove. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention provides a universal clamping fixture for the side frame of a post-processing production line bolster, the specific implementation of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the general-purpose clamping fixture consists of a main fixture body 1, two chuck plates 2, a rocker chuck 3, a side frame chuck 4, and a telescopic assembly 5. The main fixture body 1 is a long, rigid frame structure extending along the X direction, welded from Q345B steel plate, possessing sufficient bending and torsional stiffness to withstand the dynamic loads on the castings during conveying, cutting, and grinding. A through-type U-shaped groove 17 is welded along the entire length of the top surface of the main fixture body 1. The U-shaped groove 17 opens upwards, has a groove width of 20 mm, and has a countersunk hole structure at the bottom for limiting the bolt head, ensuring that the nut block 14 does not disengage from the track due to vibration during movement. Two clamping plates 2 are respectively set at the left and right ends of the tooling body 1. The left clamping plate 2 is rigidly fixed to the end of the tooling body 1 by full welding, while the right clamping plate 2 is movably connected to the tooling body 1 by telescopic component 5 and can reciprocate linearly in the X direction under the guidance and constraint of U-shaped slide groove 17.

[0024] like Figure 3As shown, the telescopic assembly 5 includes a manual lead screw 15, a nut block 14, and a bearing seat 16. The bearing seat 16 is fixed to the top surface of the tooling body 1 near the right end by M12 high-strength bolts. Its inner hole is fitted with a deep groove ball bearing to support the manual lead screw 15 to rotate around its own axis. The manual lead screw 15 adopts a trapezoidal thread Tr20×4. One end of it passes through the bearing seat 16 and is exposed with a handwheel operating end. The other end extends above the U-shaped slide groove 17. Its bottom is fixedly connected to the sliding connecting block in the U-shaped slide groove 17 by two M10 bolts. The sliding connecting block is a rectangular block with a width slightly smaller than the width of the U-shaped slide groove 17 opening and a height matching the groove depth. It can slide freely in the X direction in the U-shaped slide groove 17 but cannot rotate or come out. The M10 bolts pass vertically downward from the bottom of the nut block 14 through the through hole and lock into the threaded hole on the sliding connecting block. The top is rigidly connected to the center area of ​​the back of the right end chuck mother plate 2 by four M12 high-strength bolts. When the operator rotates the manual lead screw 15, the nut block 14 moves along the X direction, causing the right-end collet plate 2 to move synchronously, thereby achieving continuous adjustment of the distance between the two collet plates 2. The adjustment range is 150 mm to 300 mm to accommodate the length differences of various models of rocker bolsters or side frame castings such as K2, K6, and DZ1. In addition, the handwheel end of the manual lead screw 15 is equipped with a scale with a scale resolution of 1 mm, corresponding to a 1 mm change in the actual collet distance, which facilitates the operator to quickly set the target position.

[0025] like Figure 2As shown, each chuck mother plate 2 has two layers along the Z direction on its front side: the upper layer is equipped with the rocker bolster tooling chuck assembly 3, the lowest point of which is ≥150 mm from the top surface of the chuck mother plate 2; the lower layer is equipped with the side frame tooling chuck assembly 4, the highest point of which is ≤70 mm from the bottom surface of the chuck mother plate 2; the total height of the chuck mother plate 2 is 250 mm, ensuring that the two components have no overlapping projection in the Z direction, and that when either component is in the maximum Y-direction adjustment position, the projection of its outer contour on the XZ plane does not intrude into the working space of the other component, ensuring that only one type of chuck assembly participates in the clamping operation under any working condition, avoiding structural interference. The rocker bolster tooling chuck assembly 3 consists of two rocker bolster clamping units arranged symmetrically on the left and right. Each rocker bolster clamping unit includes a rocker bolster chuck 3, a rocker bolster chuck support base plate 12, and a rocker bolster transverse fixing block 11. The bolster chuck support base plate 12 is vertically fixed to the upper area of ​​the chuck mother plate 2 by M10 bolts; the bolster transverse fixing block 11 is installed on the front end face of the bolster chuck support base plate 12, and two parallel U-shaped grooves are opened on its top surface along the Y direction. The groove width of each U-shaped groove is 12 mm, the groove length is 60 mm, and the groove spacing is 50 mm; the U-shaped groove is connected to the threaded mounting hole at the corresponding position on the bolster chuck support base plate 12 by M10 bolts. When the bolt is not fully tightened, the bolster transverse fixing block 11 can slide ±30 mm along the U-shaped groove in the Y direction, thereby adjusting the clamping distance between the left and right bolster chucks 3. To prevent clamping failure due to loosening of the main adjusting bolt during casting conveying or grinding vibration, a transverse fixing block 10 is provided at the end of the bolster chuck support base plate 12. The transverse fixing block 10 is fixed to the side of the bolster chuck support base plate 12 by M8 bolts. A transverse fixing bolt 9 is arranged on the side facing the bolster transverse fixing block 11. The axis of the transverse fixing bolt 9 is perpendicular to the extension direction of the U-shaped groove (i.e., along the X direction). After tightening, its end face presses against the side wall of the bolster transverse fixing block 11, forming a secondary locking force orthogonal to the main adjusting bolt, thus forming a double locking structure of "main adjusting slippage + secondary locking anti-loosening".

[0026] The side frame tooling chuck assembly 4 includes two side frame clamping units symmetrically arranged on the left and right. Each side frame clamping unit consists of a side frame chuck 4, a side frame chuck adjusting block 6, and a side frame support base 7. The side frame chuck adjusting block 6 is directly installed in the lower area of ​​the chuck mother plate 2. Its bottom surface has two parallel U-shaped grooves along the Y direction. The structural parameters of the U-shaped grooves are the same as those of the bolster transverse fixing block 11, namely, groove width 12 mm, groove length 60 mm, and spacing 50 mm. The U-shaped grooves are connected to the corresponding threaded holes on the chuck mother plate 2 by M10 bolts. When the bolts are not tightened, the side frame chuck adjusting block 6 can slide ±30 mm in the Y direction. The clamping distance of the left and right side frame chucks 4 is adjusted by mm. After adjustment, the M10 bolts are tightened and the side frame adjusting nut 13 is used for double locking. The back of the chuck mother plate 2 is welded with a side frame limiting block. The limiting block has a countersunk hole on the side facing the side frame chuck adjusting block 6. An adjusting bolt 13 is installed in the countersunk hole. The screw end of the adjusting bolt 13 passes through the countersunk hole and abuts against the boss end face on the back of the side frame chuck adjusting block 6. The boss can be tightened by tightening the adjusting bolt 13 to prevent the side frame chuck adjusting block 6 from retracting in the Y direction when subjected to reverse force. The side frame support base 7 is fixed to the lower area of ​​the chuck mother plate 2 by M8 bolts and is located directly below the side frame chuck 4. Its top surface is a planar structure, which is used to support the lower surface of the side frame casting base and form a vertical support constraint.

[0027] In actual operation, when it is necessary to clamp the K6 type rocker bolster casting, such as Figure 4 As shown, firstly, the distance between the two chuck plates 2 is adjusted to a suitable position by rotating the manual screw 15 according to the length of the casting. Then, the M10 bolts and transverse fixing bolts 9 on the bolster transverse fixing block 11 are loosened, and the left and right bolster chucks 3 are pulled outward along the Y direction so that the clamping distance is slightly larger than the width of the bolster ear. After the casting is fed into the tooling area by the automated conveying system, the left and right bolster chucks 3 clamp the casting from the outside of the ear. The front end of the bolster chuck 3 is provided with a 15° guide slope, which slopes from the front end of the chuck upward and backward to facilitate the automatic insertion of the casting into the clamping position during the conveying process. The inner side of the bolster chuck 3 is provided with a positioning boss, which is 5 mm high and 20 mm wide. Its front end face contacts the edge of the bolster ear hole to achieve coarse positioning of the casting in the Y direction. A 2.5 mm gap is maintained between the bottom of the bolster chuck 3 and the bottom surface of the casting. The gap is mm, which is precisely controlled by the chuck installation height to ensure that the casting can still be clamped smoothly without interference when there is casting deformation or surface burrs. After clamping, the M10 bolts and the transverse fixing bolts 9 are locked in sequence to firmly fix the transverse fixing block 11 of the rocker arm to the rocker arm chuck support base plate 12, preventing displacement during subsequent grinding or cutting.

[0028] When it is necessary to clamp the K6 type side frame casting, such as Figure 5As shown, the distance between the two clamping plates 2 is first adjusted by the telescopic component 5, and then the M10 bolts on the side frame clamping adjustment block 6 are loosened and adjusted along the Y direction to a position suitable for the width of the side frame upright plate. After the casting enters the tooling area, the left and right side frame clamps 4 clamp the outer side of the side frame upright plate, and the side frame support 7 supports the lower surface of the side frame base, forming a three-point constraint system of "two-point clamping + one-point support", which restricts the casting in the three translational degrees of freedom of X, Y, and Z. In order to further restrict the rotational degree of freedom around the Z axis, the bottom of the side frame clamp 4 is provided with an anti-rotation tenon. The tenon has a rectangular cross section, a size of 10 mm × 8 mm, and a height of 6 mm. Its position corresponds to the process groove on the side frame base. When clamping, the tenon is inserted into the groove to form a mechanical anti-rotation structure. The inner side of the side frame clamp 4 is provided with a rubber buffer pad with a thickness of 3 mm. mm, Shore hardness 70A, used to absorb high-frequency vibration during the grinding process, while avoiding direct metal contact and damage to the casting surface; after adjustment, tighten the M10 bolt and press the side bracket adjusting nut 13 against the back boss of the side bracket chuck adjusting block 6 to achieve double locking.

[0029] Throughout the entire operation, all adjusting bolts employ an anti-loosening structure with spring washers, and key connection parts utilize an anti-loosening adhesive coating process to ensure connection reliability under continuous vibration conditions. Furthermore, the bottom of the main fixture 1 is equipped with an installation interface for docking with the automated conveying system. This interface consists of two sets of symmetrically distributed locating pin holes and bolt holes. The locating pin holes have a diameter of Φ16H7 and are used to engage with cylindrical pins on the conveying trolley for precise positioning. The bolt holes are M16 through holes used to fix the entire fixture to the conveying carrier using high-strength bolts. The main fixture 1 has lifting lugs on both sides, each 12mm thick, with Φ20 through holes for easy lifting and replacement of the entire machine. The inner surfaces of the two side walls of the U-shaped chute 17 are milled to a surface roughness Ra≤3.2 μm, ensuring that the nut block 14 moves without jamming.

[0030] In summary, this invention vertically integrates the bolster and side frame chuck assembly onto the same chuck mother plate 2, allowing a single tooling to accommodate the clamping requirements of two types of castings. During production line switching, only the chuck selection logic needs adjustment, without the need for physical tooling replacement. The telescopic component 5 enables macroscopic length adjustment in the X direction, while the U-shaped groove structure of each chuck assembly enables microscopic width adjustment in the Y direction. The two adjustment mechanisms are kinematically decoupled, do not interfere with each other, and the adjustment process is independent and controllable. The bolster chuck assembly employs a double locking mechanism with orthogonally arranged U-shaped groove main adjusting bolts and transverse secondary locking bolts, significantly improving dynamic clamping rigidity while ensuring adjustment flexibility and effectively suppressing clamping loosening caused by vibration. This tooling has clearly defined structural parameters, clear connection relationships, independent adjustment paths, and a reliable locking mechanism. Those skilled in the art can directly manufacture and apply it to actual production based on the content of this invention, without requiring creative labor.

Claims

1. A universal clamping fixture for a bolster side frame in a post-processing production line, characterized in that, The fixture includes a main body (1), two clamping plates (2), a bolster clamping assembly (3), a side frame clamping assembly (4), and a telescopic assembly (5). The main body (1) is a long, rigid frame structure extending along the X direction, with a through-type U-shaped groove (17) along its entire length on its top surface. The opening of the U-shaped groove (17) faces upward. The two clamping plates (2) are respectively located at the left and right ends of the main body (1). The left clamping plate (2) is rigidly fixed to the end of the main body (1), and the right clamping plate (2) is movably connected to the main body (1) through the telescopic assembly (5) and can reciprocate linearly along the X direction under the guidance of the U-shaped groove (17). Each clamping plate (2) has two layers along the Z direction on its front side: the upper layer is equipped with the bolster clamping assembly (3), and its lowest point is ≥150 mm from the top surface of the clamping plate (2). mm; the lower layer is installed with side frame tooling chuck assembly (4), the highest point of which is ≤70 mm from the bottom surface of chuck mother plate (2); the total height of chuck mother plate (2) is 250 mm, ensuring that the two components have no overlapping projection in the Z direction, and that when either component is in the maximum Y direction adjustment position, the projection of its outer contour on the XZ plane does not intrude into the working space of the other component, so as to achieve switching of clamping objects without disassembling either chuck assembly.

2. The universal clamping fixture for the side frame of the bolster in the post-processing production line as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic assembly (5) includes a manual lead screw (15), a nut block (14), and a bearing seat (16); the bearing seat (16) is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the tooling body (1) near the right end, and its inner hole is fitted with a deep groove ball bearing to support the manual lead screw (15) to rotate around its own axis; the manual lead screw (15) adopts a trapezoidal thread Tr20×4, one end of which passes through the bearing seat (16) and is exposed with a handwheel operating end, and the other end extends above the U-shaped slide groove (17); its bottom is connected by two An M10 bolt is fixedly connected to a sliding connecting block in a U-shaped groove (17); the sliding connecting block is a rectangular block with a width slightly smaller than the width of the U-shaped groove (17) opening and a height matching the groove depth. It can slide freely in the X direction in the U-shaped groove (17) but cannot rotate or come out; the M10 bolt passes vertically downward from the bottom of the nut block (14) through the through hole and is locked with the threaded hole on the sliding connecting block. The top is connected to the back center area of ​​the right end chuck mother plate (2) by four M12 high-strength bolts.

3. The universal clamping fixture for the side frame of the bolster in the post-processing production line as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The handwheel end of the manual lead screw (15) is equipped with a scale plate with a scale resolution of 1 mm, corresponding to a change of 1 mm in the actual chuck spacing; the inner surfaces of the two side walls of the U-shaped slide (17) are milled, and the surface roughness Ra≤3.2 μm.

4. The universal clamping fixture for the side frame of the bolster in the post-processing production line as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bolster tooling chuck assembly (3) consists of two bolster clamping units arranged symmetrically on the left and right. Each bolster clamping unit includes a bolster chuck (3), a bolster chuck support base plate (12), and a bolster transverse fixing block (11). The bolster chuck support base plate (12) is vertically fixed to the upper area of ​​the chuck mother plate (2) by M10 bolts. The bolster transverse fixing block (11) is installed on the front end face of the bolster chuck support base plate (12). Two parallel U-shaped grooves are opened on its top surface along the Y direction. The groove width of each U-shaped groove is 12 mm, the groove length is 60 mm, and the groove spacing is 50 mm. The U-shaped groove is connected to the threaded mounting hole at the corresponding position on the bolster chuck support base plate (12) by M10 bolts.

5. The universal clamping fixture for the side frame of the bolster in the post-processing production line as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the bolster chuck support base plate (12) is provided with a transverse fixing block (10). The transverse fixing block (10) is fixed to the side of the bolster chuck support base plate (12) by M8 bolts. A transverse fixing bolt (9) is provided on the side facing the bolster transverse fixing block (11). The axis of the transverse fixing bolt (9) is along the X direction. After tightening, its end face presses against the side wall of the bolster transverse fixing block (11).

6. The universal clamping fixture for the side frame of the bolster in the post-processing production line as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The side frame tooling chuck assembly (4) includes two side frame clamping units arranged symmetrically on the left and right. Each side frame clamping unit consists of a side frame chuck (4), a side frame chuck adjusting block (6), and a side frame support base (7). The side frame chuck adjusting block (6) is directly installed on the lower area of ​​the chuck mother plate (2). Its bottom surface has two parallel U-shaped grooves along the Y direction. The groove width is 12 mm, the groove length is 60 mm, and the groove spacing is 50 mm. The U-shaped groove is connected to the corresponding threaded hole on the chuck mother plate (2) by an M10 bolt.

7. The universal clamping fixture for the side frame of the bolster in the post-processing production line as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The back of the chuck mother plate (2) is welded with a side frame limiting block. The limiting block has a countersunk hole on the side facing the side frame chuck adjusting block (6). An adjusting bolt (13) is installed in the countersunk hole. The screw end of the adjusting bolt (13) passes through the countersunk hole and abuts against the boss end face on the back of the side frame chuck adjusting block (6). By tightening the adjusting bolt (13a), the boss can be tightened to prevent the side frame chuck adjusting block (6) from retracting in the Y direction when subjected to reverse force. The side frame support base (7) is fixed to the lower area of ​​the chuck mother plate (2) by M8 bolts and is located directly below the side frame chuck (4). Its top surface is a planar structure.

8. The universal clamping fixture for the side frame of the bolster in the post-processing production line as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the bolster chuck (3) is provided with a 15° guide slope, which slopes upward and backward from the front end of the chuck; the inner side of the bolster chuck (3) is provided with a positioning boss, which is 5 mm high and 20 mm wide; a 2.5 mm gap is maintained between the bottom of the bolster chuck (3) and the bottom surface of the casting.

9. The universal clamping fixture for the side frame of the bolster in the post-processing production line as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the side frame chuck (4) is provided with an anti-rotation tenon. The tenon has a rectangular cross section with dimensions of 10 mm × 8 mm and a height of 6 mm. The inner side of the side frame chuck (4) is provided with a rubber buffer pad with a thickness of 3 mm and a Shore hardness of 70A.

10. The universal clamping fixture for the side frame of the bolster in the post-processing production line as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tooling body (1) has an installation interface at the bottom for docking with the automated conveying system. The interface includes two sets of symmetrically distributed positioning pin holes and bolt holes, wherein the positioning pin holes have a diameter of Φ16H7 and the bolt holes are M16 through holes. The tooling body (1) has lifting ear plates on both sides, the ear plates have a thickness of 12 mm and have Φ20 through holes.

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