Vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system and emergency control method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system and an emergency control method thereof, and the system comprises a central emergency management unit in which an emergency control program is stored; the power supply input module is electrically connected with the central emergency management unit; the load distribution and monitoring module is electrically connected with the central emergency management unit and the power supply input module, and the current monitoring unit is used for monitoring the current value of each power distribution branch and sending the monitoring data to the central emergency management unit; the signal output end of the collision sensor is connected with the collision signal input end of the central emergency management unit, a centralized and intelligent power management core is introduced, traditional, scattered and passive power control is improved into an active, integrated and safe system, the short circuit risk caused by long-term electrification of a line is avoided, and the safety of the system is improved. When collision occurs, a main power supply is cut off immediately, so that the possibility of spontaneous combustion caused by sparks generated by short circuit is eradicated fundamentally.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive electronics technology, specifically to a vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system and its emergency control method. Background Technology

[0002] In extreme scenarios such as vehicle collisions and falls, the batteries in gasoline-powered vehicles are prone to catching fire, objectively posing a greater fire safety threat to vehicle occupants. With the increasing electrification of automobiles, the number and complexity of low-voltage electrical equipment throughout the vehicle have increased dramatically. Traditional power management models have exposed numerous safety hazards and management deficiencies. Vehicle design increasingly emphasizes passenger protection after collisions; whether doors can be unlocked normally after a collision and whether short circuits and fires caused by crushed or damaged internal wiring remain critical factors concerning occupant safety after accidents. However, current gasoline-powered vehicles on the market generally lack intelligent management and allocation of low-voltage battery states. The shutdown of the main power switch usually relies on manual intervention, which can easily lead to malfunctions due to premature shutdown. For example:

[0003] 1) Equipment such as urea pumps need to be powered off only after a specific process is completed, and the body control module (BCM) also needs time to save data. Abnormal power outages may result in data loss or equipment damage.

[0004] 2) Users may install or modify electrical equipment (such as high-power audio equipment or lights) without authorization, which may cause the circuit current to be overloaded. The original vehicle circuit protection is insufficient, which can easily lead to overheating, short circuit, or even vehicle fire.

[0005] 3) When a vehicle is involved in a collision, it cannot instantly and automatically cut off the starter motor circuit to prevent secondary fires caused by short circuits. It also lacks a forced door unlocking mechanism, which seriously hinders the escape of occupants and external rescue.

[0006] The information disclosed in the background section above is only intended to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated management system for low-voltage power supplies in vehicles and its emergency control method, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art. To achieve the above objective, this invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] The vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system includes:

[0009] The central emergency management unit stores emergency control procedures internally.

[0010] The power input module is electrically connected to the central emergency management unit and includes a main battery, a generator, and an intelligent protection switch controlled by the central emergency management unit.

[0011] The load distribution and monitoring module is electrically connected to the central emergency management unit and the power input module. It includes an integrated power distribution unit and a current monitoring unit. The integrated power distribution unit is used to distribute power to several low-voltage electrical loads, and the current monitoring unit is used to monitor the current value of each power distribution branch and send the monitoring data to the central emergency management unit.

[0012] A collision sensor, the signal output terminal of which is connected to the collision signal input terminal of the central emergency management unit;

[0013] The central emergency management unit is configured to achieve this by executing the emergency control procedure:

[0014] Based on the monitoring data sent by the current monitoring unit, when an overcurrent or short circuit is detected, a cut-off command is sent to the intelligent protection switch.

[0015] In addition, based on the collision signal sent by the collision sensor, a first control command is generated and simultaneously issued to the power input module to disconnect the charging circuit, and a second control command is issued to the door lock controller to perform emergency unlocking.

[0016] Preferably, the generator includes a vehicle-mounted generator and / or an external generator interface.

[0017] Preferably, the intelligent protection switch is a fuse-free solid-state power switching device, and its response speed is configured to cut off the fault circuit within milliseconds after determining that an overcurrent or short circuit exists.

[0018] Preferably, the central emergency management unit is further configured to achieve this by executing the emergency control procedure:

[0019] When the vehicle ignition switch is detected to be off, a command is sent to the intelligent protection switch to cut off the preset unnecessary load circuit;

[0020] Furthermore, the on / off state of the charging circuit is controlled based on the voltage parameters of the main battery.

[0021] Preferably, the system further includes an emergency lighting control circuit; when the central emergency management unit responds to the collision signal, it is also configured to send a third control command to the emergency lighting control circuit to turn on or maintain the emergency lights.

[0022] Preferably, the integrated power distribution unit allocates power types including constant power, ACC power, IG power, D+ power, and a dedicated power port for external devices.

[0023] Preferably, the central emergency management unit is communicatively connected to the collision sensor and the body controller via a controller area network bus.

[0024] A vehicle comprising a vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system as described above.

[0025] A vehicle low-voltage power supply emergency control method based on the system, wherein the central emergency management unit performs the following steps:

[0026] Overcurrent and short-circuit protection: Receive current data from the current monitoring unit; determine whether an abnormality has occurred in the target branch based on the current data; if the determination is yes, send a disconnect command to the intelligent protection switch controlling the target branch;

[0027] Collision emergency response: Receive a collision signal from the collision sensor; in response to the collision signal, perform the following parallel sub-steps:

[0028] S1. Generate a first control command for disconnecting the charging circuit and send it to the power input module to immediately disconnect the charging circuit;

[0029] S2. Generate a second control command for emergency unlocking and send it to the door lock controller; send the emergency unlocking command to the door lock controller.

[0030] S3. Generate a third control command to start the emergency lights and send it to the emergency light control circuit to connect or keep the emergency light load working.

[0031] Preferably, it further includes:

[0032] Conventional power management: Upon receiving a signal that the vehicle ignition switch is off, a disconnect command is sent to the intelligent protection switch that controls the non-essential load circuit;

[0033] Charging management: Obtain the voltage parameters of the main battery, and control the on / off state of the charging circuit based on the comparison result of the voltage parameters with a preset threshold.

[0034] This invention has the following advantages: By introducing a centralized and intelligent power management core, it improves the traditional, decentralized, and passive power control into an active, integrated, and safe system. This system automatically disconnects the starter motor power supply line after the engine starts successfully, avoiding the short-circuit risk caused by the line being energized for an extended period. In the event of a collision, it immediately disconnects the main power supply, fundamentally eliminating the possibility of spontaneous combustion caused by sparks from a short circuit. Simultaneously, it sends unlocking commands to the door lock controllers, ensuring all doors unlock immediately, creating crucial conditions for occupant escape. This not only improves the convenience and reliability of vehicle power use but also represents a significant breakthrough in the critical safety areas of preventing vehicle fires and ensuring occupant safety after a collision, possessing extremely high market application value and promising prospects for promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the operating principle of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a circuit schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0039] Example 1:

[0040] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 This invention provides a technical solution: a vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system, comprising:

[0041] Hardware configuration and connection:

[0042] Central Emergency Management Unit (CCU): It uses an automotive-grade 32-bit microcontroller (MCU) as its core, such as Infineon's TC297 or NXP's S32K series. The emergency control program of this invention is programmed into the internal Flash memory of the MCU. It is equipped with multiple CANFD interfaces and multiple high-side / low-side drive channels. This unit is installed behind the instrument panel in the passenger compartment.

[0043] Power input module: Main battery: a conventional 12V lead-acid battery or a lithium-ion starting battery.

[0044] Generator: This includes a built-in generator driven by the vehicle's engine (nominal output 14.5V) and an external generator interface located in the vehicle's trunk area (e.g., for connecting a separate power source for military or special equipment).

[0045] Intelligent protection switch array: It consists of multiple intelligent power switches (IPS), such as high-side switch chips (e.g., VN5xxx series) or devices with integrated power relay drive and diagnostics. Each switch independently controls a critical power circuit (e.g., main power supply, charging circuit, external device circuit, headlight circuit, etc.), and its control pins are connected to the GPIO or SPI interface of the CCU.

[0046] Load Distribution and Monitoring Module (PDU):

[0047] Integrated power distribution unit: An upgraded version of an integrated fuse / relay box, internally using copper busbars and PCBs for electrical connections, providing constant power, ACC power, IG power, D+ power, and a dedicated "external power" port (for connection). Figure 2 The device provides wiring terminals for devices such as "air conditioner" and "CAN".

[0048] Current monitoring unit: A precision sampling resistor is connected in series on the PCB trace of the critical circuit and connected to a high-precision analog-to-digital converter (ADC) or a chip with integrated current sensing (such as the INA series). The I2C or SPI interface of this unit is connected to the CCU to report the current value of each circuit in real time.

[0049] Collision sensor: The signal from the front collision acceleration sensor of the vehicle's airbag system is directly reused. The CAN signal of this sensor is sent through the vehicle's CAN network, and the CCU subscribes to the message through its CAN interface.

[0050] Implementing agency:

[0051] Door lock controller: For existing body control modules (BCM) or the door lock motors they drive, the CCU sends a standard or extended frame message with an "emergency unlock" identifier to it via the CAN bus.

[0052] Emergency lighting loads include hazard warning flashers and interior dome lights. The CCU directly controls a relay via a dedicated low-side drive channel, and the relay contacts are connected in series in the main power supply circuit for the emergency lights.

[0053] Software control logic (execution flow of emergency control procedures):

[0054] After the MCU is powered on, the main program executes the following tasks in a loop:

[0055] Task A: Conventional Power Management

[0056] The CCU continuously monitors hardwired signals from the ignition switch or "IgnitionStatus" messages on the CAN network.

[0057] When the "OFF" state is detected to exceed the preset delay (e.g., 10 minutes), the CCU sends a shutdown command to the intelligent protection switch controlling non-essential loads such as "audio" and "indoor lights" via SPI, cutting off their circuit and realizing static current management.

[0058] The CCU reads the voltage across the battery terminals in real time via the ADC. When the voltage is higher than 14.4V (float charge voltage) for a certain period of time, or when the voltage fluctuates abnormally, it determines that "charging is complete" or "charging is abnormal". The CCU immediately sends a disconnect command to the intelligent protection switch controlling the generator excitation circuit (D+) to stop charging.

[0059] Task B: Real-time Fault Protection

[0060] The CCU reads the current data of each circuit from the current monitoring unit every 1ms.

[0061] If the current value of any circuit exceeds its preset threshold (e.g., main power circuit > 300A, headlight circuit > 20A) or a transient short circuit occurs (current rises sharply within microseconds), the CCU's fault handling interrupt service routine (ISR) is immediately triggered.

[0062] In the ISR, the CCU sets the GPIO within 100 microseconds and sends a hard-wire cut-off signal to the intelligent protection switch of the corresponding circuit. After receiving the signal, the switch can physically disconnect the circuit within 1 millisecond. No fuse blows during this process, achieving fast and accurate overcurrent and short-circuit protection.

[0063] Task C: Collision Emergency Response (Core)

[0064] The CCU subscribes to collision signal messages from the airbag controller with the highest priority (e.g., ID 0x100, where a data bit indicates "collision event").

[0065] Once a valid collision signal is received, the CCU synchronously executes the following three actions within one processing cycle (e.g., 10 microseconds), with no sequential delay between them:

[0066] (First control command): Send a forced disconnect command to the intelligent protection switch controlling the "main charging circuit" and "external generator circuit" via SPI.

[0067] (Second control command): Send an “emergency door unlock” broadcast message (ID:0x321, Data:0xFF) to the Body Controller (BCM) via the CAN bus.

[0068] (Third control command): Drive the emergency light control relay to close via GPIO, and turn on the emergency light.

[0069] Communication network:

[0070] In this embodiment, the CCU, airbag controller, and body control module (BCM) are interconnected via a high-speed CAN bus (500kbps) to transmit collision signals, door control commands, and vehicle status. The CCU is connected to the intelligent protection switch array and current monitoring unit via a dedicated SPI bus or a local CAN bus to meet the requirements for high-speed and reliable command and data transmission.

[0071] Safety and Diagnostics:

[0072] The CCU program includes a watchdog timer. When the system is powered on, the CCU performs a self-test on all intelligent protection switches. During daily operation, the CCU continuously diagnoses the health status of each circuit through the diagnostic feedback of the intelligent switches and current monitoring data, stores the fault codes in non-volatile memory, and can send them to the instrument panel for display via the CAN bus.

[0073] In summary, this embodiment provides a complete implementation plan, from specific component selection (TC297MCU, VN5xxx switch), specific connection method (CAN, SPI), to specific control parameters and logic (14.4V threshold, 300A threshold, 100 microsecond response), which fully demonstrates the feasibility of the present invention and applies the functional limitations in the claims (such as "configured to") to the specific hardware architecture and software process, greatly enhancing the stability and defensibility of the patent.

[0074] Example 2:

[0075] This embodiment provides a vehicle that includes a vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system as described in Embodiment 1.

[0076] Example 3:

[0077] This embodiment provides a vehicle low-voltage power emergency control method based on the system, wherein the central emergency management unit performs the following steps:

[0078] Overcurrent and short-circuit protection: Receive current data from the current monitoring unit; determine whether an abnormality has occurred in the target branch based on the current data; if the determination is yes, send a disconnect command to the intelligent protection switch controlling the target branch;

[0079] Collision emergency response: Receive a collision signal from the collision sensor; in response to the collision signal, perform the following parallel sub-steps:

[0080] S1. Generate a first control command for disconnecting the charging circuit and send it to the power input module to immediately disconnect the charging circuit;

[0081] S2. Generate a second control command for emergency unlocking and send it to the door lock controller; send the emergency unlocking command to the door lock controller.

[0082] S3. Generate a third control command to start the emergency lights and send it to the emergency light control circuit to connect or keep the emergency light load working.

[0083] It also includes conventional power management: after receiving the vehicle ignition switch off signal, it sends a disconnect command to the intelligent protection switch that controls the non-essential load circuit;

[0084] Charging management: Obtain the voltage parameters of the main battery, and control the on / off state of the charging circuit based on the comparison result of the voltage parameters with a preset threshold.

[0085] Based on the above description of the implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented using software and necessary general-purpose hardware, and of course, it can also be implemented using hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer floppy disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, hard disk, or optical disk, etc., including several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods of the various embodiments of the present invention.

[0086] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system, characterized in that, include: The central emergency management unit stores emergency control procedures internally. The power input module is electrically connected to the central emergency management unit and includes a main battery, a generator, and an intelligent protection switch controlled by the central emergency management unit. The load distribution and monitoring module is electrically connected to the central emergency management unit and the power input module. It includes an integrated power distribution unit and a current monitoring unit. The integrated power distribution unit is used to distribute power to several low-voltage electrical loads, and the current monitoring unit is used to monitor the current value of each power distribution branch and send the monitoring data to the central emergency management unit. A collision sensor, the signal output terminal of which is connected to the collision signal input terminal of the central emergency management unit; The central emergency management unit is configured to achieve this by executing the emergency control procedure: Based on the monitoring data sent by the current monitoring unit, when an overcurrent or short circuit is detected, a cut-off command is sent to the intelligent protection switch. In addition, based on the collision signal sent by the collision sensor, a first control command is generated and simultaneously issued to the power input module to disconnect the charging circuit, and a second control command is issued to the door lock controller to perform emergency unlocking.

2. The vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The generator includes a vehicle-mounted generator and / or an external generator interface.

3. The vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent protection switch is a fuse-free solid-state power switching device, and its response speed is configured to cut off the fault circuit within milliseconds after determining that an overcurrent or short circuit exists.

4. The vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The central emergency management unit is also configured to perform the emergency control procedures as follows: When the vehicle ignition switch is detected to be off, a command is sent to the intelligent protection switch to cut off the preset unnecessary load circuit; Furthermore, the on / off state of the charging circuit is controlled based on the voltage parameters of the main battery.

5. The vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes an emergency lighting control circuit; when the central emergency management unit responds to the collision signal, it is further configured to send a third control command to the emergency lighting control circuit to turn on or maintain the emergency lights.

6. The vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated power distribution unit allocates power types including constant power, ACC power, IG power, D+ power, and dedicated power ports for external devices.

7. The vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The central emergency management unit is connected to the collision sensor and the body controller via a controller area network bus.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle low-voltage power supply integrated management system includes any one of claims 1-7.

9. A vehicle low-voltage power supply emergency control method based on the system of claim 1, characterized in that, The central emergency management unit shall perform the following steps: Overcurrent and short-circuit protection: Receives current data from the current monitoring unit; determines whether an abnormality has occurred in the target branch based on the current data; If the determination is yes, then a disconnect command is sent to the intelligent protection switch controlling the target branch; Collision emergency response: Receive a collision signal from the collision sensor; in response to the collision signal, perform the following parallel sub-steps: S1. Generate a first control command for disconnecting the charging circuit and send it to the power input module to immediately disconnect the charging circuit; S2. Generate a second control command for emergency unlocking and send it to the door lock controller; send the emergency unlocking command to the door lock controller. S3. Generate a third control command to start the emergency lights and send it to the emergency light control circuit to connect or keep the emergency light load working.

10. The vehicle low-voltage power supply emergency control method as described in claim 9, characterized in that, Also includes: Conventional power management: Upon receiving a signal that the vehicle ignition switch is off, a disconnect command is sent to the intelligent protection switch that controls the non-essential load circuit; Charging management: Obtain the voltage parameters of the main battery, and control the on / off state of the charging circuit based on the comparison result of the voltage parameters with a preset threshold.

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