Aggregation-induced emission nano material, self-assembly preparation method thereof and application of aggregation-induced emission nano material in immunochromatography
By employing a self-assembly method involving fluorescent dyes, dye-supported substrates, and surfactants, the instability problem of aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials synthesized via nanoprecipitation was solved, achieving a simple and stable preparation process and highly sensitive detection results.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- INSTITUTE OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY JIANGXI ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for synthesizing aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials via nanoprecipitation suffer from problems such as unstable synthesis methods, complex operation steps, and uneven material size.
Aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials were prepared by self-assembly of fluorescent dyes, dye-supported substrates, and surfactants in a polar organic solvent, and by stirring and slowly adding water to induce self-assembly.
The preparation steps are simplified, the stability of the synthesis and the biocompatibility of the materials are improved, and the fluorescence signal intensity is enhanced, making it suitable for high-sensitivity detection of immunochromatographic test strips.
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Figure CN121930818A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the fields of nanomaterial synthesis, food safety testing, and medical testing, specifically relating to an aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial, its self-assembly preparation method, and its application in immunochromatography. Background Technology
[0002] Aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials (AIEs) are widely used in clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring due to their advantages such as high sensitivity, good photostability, and strong anti-interference ability. In food safety testing, especially in scenarios requiring rapid and highly sensitive screening, AIEs play an increasingly important role in detecting pesticide and veterinary drug residues, mycotoxins, and pathogenic microorganisms in agricultural products through immunoassay.
[0003] Currently, common methods for synthesizing aggregation-induced emission (AIE) nanomaterials include swelling methods, microemulsion methods, polymerization embedding methods, and self-assembly methods. Nanoprecipitation is essentially a type of self-assembly method. Since the invention of combining nanoprecipitation with metal polyphenols to assemble AIE nanomaterials, it has been widely used in the synthesis of AIE nanomaterials. The surface of the nanomaterials is functionalized with a metal polyphenol network, significantly improving biocompatibility, and the synthesis method is simple and rapid.
[0004] However, the method of coating aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials using nanoprecipitation combined with metal polyphenols suffers from instability in the synthesis process, resulting in large and unevenly sized particles. Exploring a more stable, simpler, and biocompatible self-assembly method for aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial, a self-assembly preparation method thereof, and its application in immunochromatography. Specifically, it is a method for synthesizing aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials based on an assembly method, in order to solve the problems of complex operation steps and unstable synthesis in the synthesis of aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials by nanoprecipitation method and other traditional methods, simplify the preparation steps, and further improve the preparation efficiency.
[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for the self-assembly preparation of aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials, comprising the following steps: Fluorescent dye, dye-supported substrate, and surfactant are dissolved in a polar organic solvent, and water is added and mixed evenly to obtain an organic phase. The organic phase is stirred while water is slowly added to induce the fluorescent dye, dye-supported substrate, and surfactant to self-assemble, thereby obtaining aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials.
[0007] This technical solution, discovered by the inventors after research, can satisfy the specific conditions for self-assembly described above. The nanomaterial exhibits excellent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) with a strong fluorescence signal; its surface groups can directly couple with biomolecules; most importantly, its preparation process is simple, quick, and can be completed in one step. Compared to traditional methods for preparing AIE nanomaterials, this invention is simpler, faster, lower in cost, and more stable in its synthesis.
[0008] Optionally, the fluorescent dye is at least one of TCBPEME and TPAFN, and the dye-supporting substrate is at least one of PMAO and PIAMA.
[0009] Optionally, the surfactant is at least one of PEG-S and PEG-E, and the polar organic solvent is at least one of DMF and THF.
[0010] Optionally, the self-assembly preparation method includes the following specific steps: S1. Dissolve the fluorescent dye, the dye-supported substrate, and the surfactant in a polar organic solvent to obtain a fluorescent dye solution, a dye-supported substrate solution, and a surfactant solution, respectively. S2. The fluorescent dye solution, the dye-supported substrate solution, and the surfactant solution are mixed to obtain a mixed solution; S3. Water is added to the mixed solution for the first time, and the mixture is sonicated to obtain the organic phase; S4. Stir the organic phase and slowly add water for the second time while stirring. After the water is added, continue stirring for 1 to 5 minutes to induce the fluorescent dye, dye-supported substrate, and surfactant to self-assemble and obtain aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials.
[0011] Optionally, the concentration of the fluorescent dye solution is 0.5-10 mg / mL, the concentration of the dye-supported substrate solution is 0.5-20 mg / mL, and the concentration of the surfactant solution is 0.25-5 mg / mL. The volume ratio of the fluorescent dye solution, the dye-loaded substrate solution, the surfactant solution, the first addition of water, and the second addition of water is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.4-0.6:0.1-1:3-20.
[0012] Optionally, in S3, the sonication time is 4-6 min; in S4, the stirring speed is 500-1200 rpm. S4 also includes centrifuging the precipitated fluorescent nanomaterials and washing them several times with water until the supernatant is free of fluorescence to obtain aggregation-induced luminescence nanomaterials; wherein the centrifugation speed is 10000-14000 rpm and the centrifugation time is 10-30 min.
[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides an aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial obtained by the self-assembly preparation method described above.
[0014] Optionally, the diameter of the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial is 10-1000 nm.
[0015] Thirdly, the present invention provides the application of the aforementioned aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials in the preparation of immunochromatographic test strips.
[0016] Fourthly, the present invention provides an immunochromatographic test strip comprising a glass fiber pad coated with a probe made of the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial and the antibody to be labeled.
[0017] Optionally, the immunochromatographic test strip further includes a base plate, on which a sample pad, the glass fiber pad, a nitrocellulose membrane and absorbent paper are sequentially overlapped and pasted. The nitrocellulose membrane is sprayed with an artificial conjugated antigen or antibody of the analyte as a detection line and with goat anti-mouse IgG or goat anti-rabbit IgG as a quality control line. Optionally, the antibody to be labeled is a monoclonal antibody, polyclonal antibody, nanobody, or phage expression antibody, and its corresponding target is a small molecule or a large molecule.
[0018] The preparation method includes the following steps: (1) Use 0.01-0.5 M PBS (phosphate buffer solution) with pH 6.0-8.0 to adjust the coating, analyte artificial conjugate antigen or analyte antibody, goat anti-mouse IgG or goat anti-rabbit IgG to a concentration of 0.01-10.0 mg / mL respectively; (2) Spray the artificial conjugated antigen or antibody of the analyte after adjusting the concentration onto the upper part of the nitrocellulose membrane as the detection line, and spray the goat anti-mouse IgG or goat anti-rabbit IgG onto the lower part of the nitrocellulose membrane as the quality control line; wherein, the detection line and the quality control line are spaced at a certain distance, and the spray volume of both is 0.25-0.74 μL / cm; (3) The nitrocellulose membrane coated with the detection line and quality control line was dried overnight at 37°C and then stored in a dry environment at room temperature for later use.
[0019] This invention has at least one of the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention utilizes fluorescent dyes, dye-supported substrates, and surfactants as raw materials, and explores a more stable, simpler, and faster self-assembly method by adding polar organic solvents and water. The nanomaterials prepared by this method exhibit excellent aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effects and strong fluorescence signals; the preparation process is simple, rapid, and can be completed in one step; the preparation method is stable. Compared with traditional methods for preparing AIE nanomaterials, this invention is simpler, faster, lower in cost, and more stable in its synthesis method.
[0020] 2. The present invention uses surfactants and dyes to load the substrate, which is beneficial to improving the fluorescence intensity of the material. The prepared aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials are applied to immunochromatographic strips, which can achieve highly sensitive detection of analytes in samples on immunochromatographic test strips. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 The structural diagrams of the fluorescent dyes TCBPEME and TPAFN are shown. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the preparation principle of an aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial and an immunochromatographic test strip synthesized based on a self-assembly method. Figure 3 The particle size distribution diagrams are for the nanomaterials prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1. Figure 4 Transmission electron microscopy image of the TCBPEME / PMAO@PEG-S nanomaterials prepared in Example 1; Figure 5 This is a comparison of the fluorescence intensity of nanomaterials synthesized using different preparation methods of the fluorescent dye TCBPEME in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Example 2; Figure 6 This is a comparison of the fluorescence intensity of nanomaterials synthesized using different preparation methods of the fluorescent dye TPAFN in Examples 3-4 and Comparative Example 3; Figure 7 The image shows a test strip containing the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials from Example 5 being used to detect enrofloxacin. Figure 8 The standard curve for the application of the test strip containing the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial in Example 5 to detect enrofloxacin is shown. Detailed Implementation
[0022] To make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
[0023] TCBPEME is tetra(methyl biphenyl)ethylene; TPAFN is 2,3-bis(4'-(diphenylamine)-[1,1'-diphenyl]-4-yl)fumaric acid nitrile; PMAO is poly(carbadecene-alt-maleic anhydride); PIAMA is poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride); PEG-S is polyethylene glycol monostearate; PEG-E is polyethylene glycol monooleate; DMF is N,N-dimethylformamide; THF is tetrahydrofuran.
[0024] Example 1 This embodiment provides a method for preparing aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials (TCBPEME / PMAO@PEG-S) based on self-assembly, including the following steps: (1) Preparation of organic phase: Weigh out the fluorescent dye tetra(methyl biphenyl)ethylene (TCBPEME, molecular formula as shown in Figure 1). Figure 1 TCBPEME, poly(carbooctadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMAO), and polyethylene glycol monostearate (PEG-S) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide to prepare TCBPEME, PMAO, and PEG-S solutions, respectively, with concentrations of 4 mg / mL, 4 mg / mL, and 1 mg / mL. 1 mL of TCBPEME solution, 1 mL of PMAO solution, and 0.5 mL of PEG-S solution were mixed to obtain a mixture. 0.5 mL of ultrapure water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was sonicated for 5 min to obtain the organic phase.
[0025] (2) Self-assembly: Under high-speed stirring (800 rpm), 5 mL of ultrapure water was slowly added to the above organic phase to induce its self-assembly. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued for 2 min (the implementation principle is as follows). Figure 2 As shown in the figure, fluorescent nanomaterials are obtained after self-assembly.
[0026] (3) Aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials: The nanomaterials obtained after the reaction were centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 20 min and washed with water several times until the supernatant was free of fluorescence to obtain aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials; 1 mL of ultrapure water was added to the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials for reconstitution and stored at 4℃.
[0027] (4) Characterization of aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials: The prepared aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials were characterized.
[0028] Example 2 This embodiment provides a method for preparing aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials (TCBPEME / PIAMA@PEG-S) based on self-assembly, including the following steps: (1) Preparation of organic phase: Weigh out the fluorescent dye tetra(methyl biphenyl)ethylene (TCBPEME, molecular formula as shown in Figure 1). Figure 1 As shown, poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PIAMA) and polyethylene glycol monostearate (PEG-S) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide to prepare TCBPEME solution, PIAMA solution and PEG-S solution respectively, with concentrations of 4 mg / mL, 4 mg / mL and 1 mg / mL respectively; 1 mL of TCBPEME solution, 1 mL of PIAMA solution and 0.5 mL of PEG-S solution were mixed to obtain a mixture; 0.5 mL of ultrapure water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was sonicated for 5 min to obtain the organic phase.
[0029] (2) Self-assembly: Under high-speed stirring (800 rpm), 5 mL of ultrapure water was slowly added to the above organic phase to induce its self-assembly. After the addition was complete, stirring was continued for 2 min (the implementation principle is as follows). Figure 2 As shown in the figure, fluorescent nanomaterials are obtained after self-assembly.
[0030] (3) Aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials: The nanomaterials obtained after the reaction were centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 20 min and washed with water several times until the supernatant was free of fluorescence to obtain aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials; 1 mL of ultrapure water was added to the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials for reconstitution and stored at 4℃.
[0031] (4) Characterization of aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials: The prepared aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials were characterized.
[0032] Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for preparing aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials (TPAFN / PIAMA@PEG-E) based on self-assembly, including the following steps: (1) Preparation of organic phase: Weigh the fluorescent dye 2,3-bis(4'-(diphenylamine)-[1,1'-diphenyl]-4-yl)fumaric acid nitrile (TPAFN, molecular formula as shown in Figure 1). Figure 1 As shown, poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PIAMA) and polyethylene glycol monooleate (PEG-E) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to prepare TPAFN solution, PIAMA solution and PEG-E solution respectively, with concentrations of 4 mg / mL, 4 mg / mL and 1 mg / mL respectively; 1 mL of TPAFN solution, 1 mL of PIAMA solution and 0.5 mL of PEG-E solution were mixed to obtain a mixture; 0.5 mL of ultrapure water was added to the mixture, and the mixture was sonicated for 5 min to obtain the organic phase.
[0033] (2) Self-assembly: Under high-speed stirring (800 rpm), 5 mL of ultrapure water was slowly added to the above organic phase to induce its self-assembly. After the addition was complete, stirring was maintained for 2 min (the implementation principle is as follows). Figure 2 As shown in the figure, fluorescent nanomaterials are obtained after self-assembly.
[0034] (3) Aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials: The nanomaterials obtained after the reaction were centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 20 min and washed with water several times until the supernatant was free of fluorescence to obtain aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials; 1 mL of ultrapure water was added to the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials for reconstitution and stored at 4℃.
[0035] (4) Characterization of aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials: The prepared aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials were characterized.
[0036] Example 4 This embodiment provides a method for preparing aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials (TPAFN / PMAO@PEG-E) based on self-assembly, including the following steps: (1) Preparation of organic phase: Weigh the fluorescent dye 2,3-bis(4'-(diphenylamine)-[1,1'-diphenyl]-4-yl)fumaric acid nitrile (TPAFN, molecular formula as shown in Figure 1). Figure 1 As shown, poly(carbooctadecene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMAO) and polyethylene glycol monooleate (PEG-E) were dissolved in tetrahydrofuran to prepare TPAFN solution, PMAO solution and PEG-E solution respectively, with concentrations of 4 mg / mL, 4 mg / mL and 1 mg / mL respectively; 1 mL of TPAFN solution, 1 mL of PMAO solution and 0.5 mL of PEG-E solution were mixed to obtain a mixed solution; 0.5 mL of ultrapure water was added to the mixed solution, and the mixture was sonicated for 5 min to obtain the organic phase.
[0037] (2) Self-assembly: Under high-speed stirring (800 rpm), 5 mL of ultrapure water was slowly added to the above organic phase to induce its self-assembly. After the addition was complete, stirring was maintained for 2 min (the implementation principle is as follows). Figure 2 As shown in the figure, fluorescent nanomaterials are obtained after self-assembly.
[0038] (3) Aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials: The nanomaterials obtained after the reaction were centrifuged at 13000 rpm for 20 min and washed with water several times until the supernatant was free of fluorescence to obtain aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials; 1 mL of ultrapure water was added to the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials for reconstitution and stored at 4℃.
[0039] (4) Characterization of aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials: The prepared aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials were characterized.
[0040] Comparative Example 1 The preparation of a nanomaterial (TCBPEME@PEG-S) differs from that of Example 1 in that poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic anhydride) (PIAMA) was not added; otherwise, it is the same as that of Example 1.
[0041] Comparative Example 2 The preparation of a nanomaterial (TCBPEME in DMF) includes dissolving TCBPEME in N,N-dimethylformamide at a concentration of 4 mg / mL.
[0042] Comparative Example 3 The preparation of a nanomaterial (TPAFN in THF) includes dissolving TPAFN in tetrahydrofuran at a concentration of 4 mg / mL.
[0043] Characterization results: (1) Transmission electron microscopy image: Figure 4 The image shown is a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial TCBPEME / PMAO@PEG-S prepared in Example 1. Figure 4 As can be seen, the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial TCBPEME / PMAO@PEG-S prepared in Example 1 has a smooth and rounded surface and uniform size.
[0044] (2) Nanoparticle size and polydispersity index: The nanoparticle size and polydispersity index of the nanomaterials prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the nanomaterials synthesized by this self-assembly method have a small average particle size, a very low polydispersity index, and good dispersibility, making them ideal nanomaterial sizes.
[0045] Table 1 (3) Fluorescence intensity of the emission spectrum: The fluorescence intensity of the emission spectra of the nanomaterials prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 are as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the fluorescence intensity of the emission spectra of Examples 1-4 is greater than that of Comparative Examples 1-3. This indicates that the method of using surfactants and dye-loaded substrates is beneficial to improving the fluorescence intensity of the materials.
[0046] Example 5 This embodiment provides a method for preparing an immunochromatographic test strip, specifically by applying the TPAFN / PMAO@PEG-E aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial synthesized in Example 4 onto the immunochromatographic test strip, including the following steps: (1) Preparation of nitrocellulose membrane: The concentrations of the coating material, the analyte artificial conjugate antigen, and goat anti-mouse IgG were adjusted to 0.5 mg / mL using 0.01 M pH 7.4 PBS (phosphate buffer solution). The adjusted concentration of the analyte artificial conjugate antigen was sprayed onto the upper part of the nitrocellulose membrane as the detection line (test line), and the goat anti-mouse IgG was sprayed onto the lower part of the nitrocellulose membrane as the control line (control line). The detection line and the control line were spaced a certain distance apart, and the spray volume for both was 0.74 μL / cm. The nitrocellulose membrane coated with the detection line and the control line was dried overnight at 37°C and then stored in a dry environment at room temperature for later use (e.g., Figure 2 As shown in the figure, a nitrocellulose membrane was prepared. (2) Preparation of antibody probe glass fiber pad: Take 0.1 mg of aggregation-induced luminescence nanomaterial and sonicate for 3 min. Adjust the concentration of nanomaterial to 0.05 mg / mL with 0.02 M borate buffer at pH 6.0. After shaking and mixing, add 40 μg of enrofloxacin monoclonal antibody. After mixing thoroughly, stir and react at room temperature for 1 h. Add 200 μL of 1% casein and block at room temperature for 1 h. Centrifuge at 10000 rpm for 15 min. Resuspend the precipitate in 200 μL of resuspended solution and spray it onto the glass fiber pad at a volume of 3 μL / cm. After vacuum drying for 4 h, the antibody probe is obtained.
[0047] (3) Preparation of immunochromatographic test strips: such as Figure 2 As shown, a sample pad, a glass fiber pad, a nitrocellulose membrane, and absorbent paper are sequentially overlapped and pasted on a base plate. The sample pad is located at the end of the nitrocellulose membrane with the detection line, and the absorbent paper is located at the end of the nitrocellulose membrane with the control line, thus preparing an immunochromatographic test strip.
[0048] The above immunochromatographic test strip was used to detect enrofloxacin, as detailed below: (1) Qualitative detection: Add the sample to be tested onto the sample pad of the immunochromatographic test strip. The reaction time is 15 min. Then observe the fluorescence signal on the test line and the control line of the test strip. If there is a fluorescence signal on both the test line and the control line and the fluorescence intensity of the T line is consistent with that of the negative control, then the sample does not contain enrofloxacin. If there is no fluorescence signal on the test line but there is a fluorescence signal on the control line, then the sample contains enrofloxacin.
[0049] (2) Quantitative detection: a. Establishment of the standard curve: Enrofloxacin standards were diluted with PBS solution to concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 ng / mL. The diluted samples were then added to the sample pads, and the reaction time was 15 min. The test strips were inserted into the detection window of the test strip reader, and the fluorescence intensity was read. A standard curve was constructed with enrofloxacin concentration on the x-axis and fluorescence intensity on the y-axis. The fluorescence intensity of each sample is shown below. Figure 8 As shown, the fitted standard curve is y = -2145ln(x)+259.89, where x is the concentration of enrofloxacin in the sample solution and y is the fluorescence intensity.
[0050] b. Quantitative detection method: Add the sample to be tested onto the sample pad of the above immunochromatographic test strip. The reaction time is 15 min. Insert the test strip into the detection window of the test strip reader and read the fluorescence intensity. Substitute the fluorescence intensity of the sample to be tested into the standard curve to calculate the concentration of enrofloxacin in the sample. The detection results are shown in Table 1.
[0051] Figure 7 The image shown is a physical photograph of the test strip made from the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials of this invention applied to the detection of enrofloxacin standards; Figure 7 The test strips using the fluorescent nanomaterials of this invention were used to detect enrofloxacin at different concentrations. The test lines of the test strips exhibited different fluorescence signals. As the concentration of enrofloxacin increased, the fluorescence signal gradually weakened, indicating that the self-assembled aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials applied to the test strips for detecting enrofloxacin performed well.
[0052] also, Figure 8 The standard curve of fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent nanomaterial applied to the test strip was established. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.0255 ng / mL based on the equation of the standard curve, indicating that the nanomaterial has very good sensitivity on the immunochromatographic test strip.
[0053] Table 1 Test Results As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the detected concentration of enrofloxacin in the three test samples in this embodiment is close to the actual concentration with a small error, which shows that the test results of the present invention are accurate.
[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for self-assembling aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Fluorescent dye, dye-supported substrate, and surfactant are dissolved in a polar organic solvent, and water is added and mixed evenly to obtain an organic phase. The organic phase is stirred while water is slowly added to induce the fluorescent dye, dye-supported substrate, and surfactant to self-assemble, thereby obtaining aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials.
2. The self-assembly preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fluorescent dye is at least one of TCBPEME and TPAFN, and the dye-supported substrate is at least one of PMAO and PIAMA.
3. The self-assembly preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surfactant is at least one of PEG-S and PEG-E, and the polar organic solvent is at least one of DMF and THF.
4. The self-assembly preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The self-assembly preparation method includes the following specific steps: S1. Dissolve the fluorescent dye, the dye-supported substrate, and the surfactant in a polar organic solvent to obtain a fluorescent dye solution, a dye-supported substrate solution, and a surfactant solution, respectively. S2. The fluorescent dye solution, the dye-supported substrate solution, and the surfactant solution are mixed to obtain a mixed solution; S3. Water is added to the mixed solution for the first time, and the mixture is sonicated to obtain the organic phase; S4. Stir the organic phase and slowly add water for the second time while stirring. After the water is added, continue stirring for 1 to 5 minutes to induce the fluorescent dye, dye-supported substrate and surfactant to self-assemble and obtain aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials.
5. The self-assembly preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The concentration of the fluorescent dye solution is 0.5-10 mg / mL, the concentration of the dye-supported substrate solution is 0.5-20 mg / mL, and the concentration of the surfactant solution is 0.25-5 mg / mL. The volume ratio of the fluorescent dye solution, the dye-loaded substrate solution, the surfactant solution, the first addition of water, and the second addition of water is 0.8-1.2:0.8-1.2:0.4-0.6:0.1-1:3-20.
6. The self-assembly preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, In S3, the sonication time is 4-6 min; in S4, the stirring speed is 500-1200 rpm. S4 also includes centrifuging the precipitated fluorescent nanomaterials and washing them several times with water until the supernatant is free of fluorescence to obtain aggregation-induced luminescence nanomaterials; wherein the centrifugation speed is 10000-14000 rpm and the centrifugation time is 10-30 min.
7. An aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial obtained by the self-assembly preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial according to claim 7, characterized in that, The diameter of the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial is 10-1000 nm.
9. The application of the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterial according to any one of claims 7 to 8 in the preparation of immunochromatographic test strips.
10. An immunochromatographic test strip, characterized in that, The immunochromatographic test strip includes a glass fiber pad coated with a probe made of the aggregation-induced emission nanomaterials as described in claims 7-8 and the antibody to be labeled.