Special succulent plant nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery wastes and preparation method of special succulent plant nutrient soil

Abstract

The invention provides agricultural and fishery waste nutrient soil special for succulent plants and a preparation method of the agricultural and fishery waste nutrient soil, belongs to the technical field of seedling culture nutrient soil, and aims at solving the problems that existing succulent plant nutrient soil wastes resources, is poor in adaptability, high in cost and insufficient in environmental protection property. The nutrient soil comprises an agricultural and fishery waste compound matrix, perlite, vermiculite, river sand and a slow release fertilizer, wherein the agricultural and fishery waste compound matrix is prepared from plant ash, straw powder, zizania latifolia leaf humus, fish processing leftover leavening and citrus peel leavening. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, fermentation product preparation, agricultural and fishery waste compound matrix preparation and nutrient soil total mixing. The nutrient soil provided by the invention realizes resource utilization of agricultural and fishery wastes, also has the advantages of high suitability and low cost, is suitable for growth of various succulent plants, has the functions of ventilation, fertilizer retention and bacteriostasis, is simple and convenient in preparation process, stable in quality, environment-friendly and capable of realizing large-scale production, and has remarkable economic, ecological and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seedling nutrient soil technology, specifically to a special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Succulents, with their unique shapes and ease of care, have become popular ornamental plants worldwide, and their market continues to expand, with potting soil accounting for a significant proportion of the demand. The fleshy root system of succulents has special requirements for the physical and chemical properties of the potting soil. It must simultaneously possess good aeration, suitable water and fertilizer retention capacity, and excellent drainage performance; otherwise, waterlogging can easily lead to root rot, affecting the plant's health and ornamental value.

[0003] Currently, commercially available succulent potting mixes still have significant drawbacks. Firstly, their raw material composition is relatively simple, heavily reliant on peat moss, coconut coir, and other similar materials. Peat moss is a non-renewable resource; large-scale extraction not only damages wetland ecosystems but also necessitates imports, leading to high production costs and hindering the industry's sustainable development. Secondly, a large amount of agricultural and fishery waste is not effectively utilized. For example, straw, wood ash, water chestnut leaves, and aquatic processing byproducts and waste generated annually are mostly disposed of through incineration or landfill. This not only wastes resources but also potentially causes air pollution and soil environmental risks, contradicting the development direction of green agriculture.

[0004] While existing technologies have attempted to utilize agricultural waste to prepare cultivation potting soil, these solutions are mostly designed for common flowers or crops, failing to fully consider the drought-tolerant, waterlogging-sensitive, and aerobic growth characteristics of succulents. For example, some potting soils made primarily from straw have low porosity and insufficient drainage; while potting soils made from fermented fish viscera suffer from problems such as rapid release of organic nutrients, root burn, or salt accumulation. Overall, existing technologies still have significant shortcomings in the structural control, slow nutrient release, and synergistic utilization of various agricultural wastes in succulent-specific potting soils, making it difficult to effectively balance cultivation performance and resource recycling.

[0005] Therefore, how to develop a special nutrient soil that can efficiently utilize agricultural and fishery waste resources and precisely match the growth needs of succulents in terms of aeration, water retention, drainage and nutrient supply has become an important technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste and its preparation method. The special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste has the advantages of being ecological and environmentally friendly, highly adaptable, having high resource utilization rate, and low cost.

[0007] The specific technical solution of this invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 5-10 parts of perlite, 3-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-12 parts of river sand, and 1-3 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate includes 15-25 parts of wood ash, 10-20 parts of straw powder, 10-18 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 8-15 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 5-12 parts of fermented citrus peel.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the agricultural and fishery waste composite matrix is ​​(25~28):1.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the perlite has a grain size of 3-5 mm.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the vermiculite has a particle size of 2-4 mm and a moisture content of 12%.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the river sand has a particle size of 2 to 8 mm.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the slow-release fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 3:1:2, and its nutrient release cycle is 3 to 6 months.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the K2CO3 content in the wood ash is ≥15%.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the straw powder is corn straw powder or wheat straw powder, with a particle size of 1~5mm and a moisture content of ≤15%.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the humic acid content in the water chestnut leaf humus is ≥35%, and the water content is 18%~22%.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the fermented fish processing by-product has an organic nitrogen content of ≥4.5%, a phosphorus content of ≥2.0%, and a particle size of 2~6 mm.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the citrus peel ferment has a particle size of 1-3 mm and an inhibition rate of ≥68% against root rot pathogens.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste has a pH value of 6.0–7.2, a porosity of 45%–60%, and a bulk density of 0.8–1.1 g / cm³. 3 The moisture content is 18%~22%, and the organic matter content is ≥45%.

[0019] In one possible implementation, when it is adapted for Crassulaceae succulents, the mass fractions of each component are as follows: 75-80 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 8-10 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of vermiculite, 8-12 parts of river sand, and 2-3 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate is composed of 22-25 parts of wood ash, 18-20 parts of straw powder, 16-18 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 12-15 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 10-12 parts of fermented citrus peel.

[0020] In one possible implementation, when adapted for Aizoaceae succulents, the mass fractions of each component are as follows: 60-65 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 5-7 parts of perlite, 6-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-8 parts of river sand, and 1-2 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate is composed of 15-18 parts of wood ash, 10-15 parts of straw powder, 10-14 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 8-10 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 5-8 parts of fermented citrus peel.

[0021] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste, comprising the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Straw is crushed and dried to obtain straw powder; water chestnut leaves are chopped to obtain water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material; citrus peel is cleaned and chopped to obtain citrus peel fermentation raw material; fish processing by-products are cleaned and sterilized to obtain fish processing by-products fermentation raw material. S2. Preparation of composite matrix made from agricultural and fishery waste: S2.1 Preparation of water chestnut leaf humus: The water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material is fermented under the action of EM bacteria, and the fermentation product is dried to obtain water chestnut leaf humus; S2.2 Preparation of fish processing by-product fermentation: The fish processing by-product fermentation raw material is fermented under the action of compound Bacillus, and the fermentation product is dried and pulverized to obtain fish processing by-product fermentation. S2.3 Preparation of Citrus Peel Fermentation Product: The citrus peel fermentation raw material is mixed with brown sugar and then fermented. The fermentation product is dried and pulverized to obtain citrus peel fermentation product. S2.4 Compound substrate: The water chestnut leaf humus, the fish processing waste fermentation product, the citrus peel fermentation product, wood ash and straw powder are mixed in proportion, and after being mixed evenly, they are sieved to obtain the agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate; S3. Prepare nutrient soil: Mix the agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, perlite, vermiculite, river sand and slow-release fertilizer evenly according to the ratio to obtain a special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste.

[0022] In one possible implementation, in step S1, the particle size of the fermented water chestnut leaf raw material is 2-3 cm, the particle size of the fermented citrus peel raw material is 1-2 cm, the fish processing by-product is a mixture of fish viscera, fish scales and fish gills in a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the sterilization treatment is performed at a temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 20-30 min.

[0023] In one possible implementation, in step S2.1, the mass ratio of the EM agent to the water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material is (1~3):100, the fermentation temperature is 25~35 ℃, the humidity is 55%~65%, and the time is 30~45 days. The mass ratio of EM agent to water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material (1~3):100 ensures sufficient EM agent to decompose the crude fiber of the water chestnut leaves and promote humic acid production, ensuring that the humic acid content in the water chestnut leaf humus is ≥35%, while avoiding excessive agent leading to cost waste or insufficient agent resulting in slow fermentation and incomplete decomposition. A temperature of 25~35 ℃ and a humidity of 55%~65% are suitable activity ranges for the EM agent compound microbial system, maximizing microbial metabolic efficiency and accelerating the decomposition of the water chestnut leaves. The 30~45 day fermentation time ensures complete decomposition of the water chestnut leaves while controlling the moisture content of the fermentation product to meet subsequent compounding needs.

[0024] In one possible implementation, in step S2.2, the mass ratio of the compound Bacillus to the fermented raw material of fish processing by-products is (2~4):100, the fermentation treatment adopts a sealed fermentation method, the fermentation temperature is 28~32℃, and the time is 25~35 days.

[0025] In one possible implementation, in step S2.3, the mass ratio of the brown sugar to the citrus peel fermentation raw material is 1:(5~8), the fermentation process is carried out in a sealed fermentation method, the fermentation temperature is 25~30 ℃, and the time is 40~50 days.

[0026] In one possible implementation, in step S3, the stirring speed is 30~40 r / min and the time is 15~20 min.

[0027] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a special nutrient soil for succulents based on agricultural and fishery waste and its preparation method. Compared with existing succulent cultivation substrates and preparation technologies, it effectively solves the technical problems of resource waste, poor adaptability, high production costs, and insufficient environmental protection in existing technologies. The specific improvements are summarized as follows: This invention achieves efficient resource utilization of agricultural and fishery waste while also providing significant ecological and environmental benefits: The succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste uses common agricultural and fishery wastes such as straw, water chestnut leaves, fish processing by-products, citrus peels, and wood ash as core raw materials. It replaces non-renewable resources such as peat moss, which are relied upon in traditional succulent nutrient soils. This completely solves the environmental problems such as air and soil pollution caused by the incineration and landfilling of agricultural and fishery waste, turning waste into treasure and significantly improving the resource recycling rate of agricultural and fishery waste. Simultaneously, the preparation process involves no chemical additives and no harmful gas emissions, and the finished product is biodegradable, preventing secondary soil pollution. This aligns with the industrial development trend of green ecological cultivation and waste resource utilization, demonstrating significant ecological and environmental value.

[0028] The nutrient soil has extremely high adaptability, solving the pain points of existing substrate cultivation: The nutrient soil for succulents provided by this invention, based on agricultural and fishery waste, has optimized the ratio of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate and functional additives through precise component ratio design. It effectively solves the technical problems of poor air permeability, easy water accumulation and root rot, uneven nutrient release, frequent root diseases, and limited compatibility with a single type of succulent substrate. The nutrient soil has comprehensive functions such as water retention, fertilizer retention, air permeability, antibacterial properties, and continuous nutrient supply. It can significantly improve the survival rate, growth quality and ornamental value of succulent cultivation, and is suitable for the long-term growth needs of a variety of succulents.

[0029] The scientifically standardized preparation process ensures stable product quality and facilitates large-scale production: The preparation method of the succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste of this invention adopts a process route of pretreatment, directional microbial fermentation, stepwise compounding, and stirring and mixing. A dedicated fermentation treatment method is designed for the physicochemical properties of different agricultural and fishery wastes to ensure that the functions of each raw material are fully utilized and the components are evenly mixed. The process steps are simple and easy to implement, requiring no complex equipment or special processes, effectively reducing the difficulty of production operations and energy consumption. At the same time, it can effectively control batch differences and ensure stable and uniform nutrient soil quality. In addition, the design of sterilization treatment for fish processing by-products significantly reduces the risk of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria in the nutrient soil, improving product safety. The overall process is suitable for industrial-scale production, with high production efficiency and strong operability.

[0030] Significantly reduced production costs and high practicality and promotional value: The core raw material of this invention is widely available and inexpensive agricultural and fishery waste, some of which can be obtained for free. This significantly replaces the expensive and scarce traditional peat moss raw material. Combined with a simplified preparation process, it effectively reduces the raw material and processing costs of the nutrient soil. Compared with existing commercially available succulent-specific nutrient soil, the production cost is significantly reduced. At the same time, the nutrient soil has a strong continuous nutrient supply capacity, eliminating the need for frequent topdressing and reducing the labor and material costs of subsequent maintenance, further improving the product's cost-effectiveness. This invention combines multiple advantages such as ecological and environmental protection, strong adaptability, stable quality, and low cost. It is suitable for both home gardening succulent cultivation and large-scale succulent seedling and cultivation, making it highly practical with broad application prospects and significant economic, social, and ecological benefits. Attached image description: Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. It should be noted that the following embodiments are only used to illustrate the implementation methods and typical parameters of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the parameter range described in the present invention. Reasonable variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that the endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all terms, symbols, and other scientific terms used herein are intended to have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. In some instances, terms having a conventional meaning are defined herein for clarification or ease of reference, and such definitions should not be construed as indicating a significant difference from conventional understanding in the art. The technical methods described or referenced herein are generally well understood by those skilled in the art and employed by conventional methods. Unless otherwise stated, the use of commercially available kits, reagents, and instruments shall be performed according to the manufacturer's instructions and parameters.

[0034] The specific technical solution of this invention is as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 5-10 parts of perlite, 3-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-12 parts of river sand, and 1-3 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate includes 15-25 parts of wood ash, 10-20 parts of straw powder, 10-18 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 8-15 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 5-12 parts of fermented citrus peel.

[0035] This invention provides a special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste. Its core components are five elements of agricultural and fishery waste: wood ash, straw powder, water chestnut leaf humus, fermented fish processing byproducts, and fermented citrus peels. This completely replaces non-renewable resources such as peat moss in traditional nutrient soils. Excessive peat moss extraction damages wetland ecosystems. In this invention, the composite matrix of agricultural and fishery waste accounts for 60-80 parts, forming the main body of the nutrient soil. This avoids wetland destruction and solves environmental problems such as air pollution and heavy metal accumulation in the soil caused by the incineration and landfilling of agricultural and fishery waste, thus offering ecological and environmental advantages. Furthermore, the five agricultural and fishery wastes—wood ash, straw powder, water chestnut leaf humus, fermented fish processing by-products, and fermented citrus peel—work together to form a comprehensive and suitable system. 15-25 parts wood ash provide potassium and sterilize; 10-20 parts straw powder enhances aeration; 10-18 parts water chestnut leaf humus improves fertilizer retention; 8-15 parts fermented fish processing by-products supply core nutrients; and 5-12 parts fermented citrus peel adjusts the pH to a slightly acidic range of 6.0-7.2. Each component complements the others, precisely matching the growth needs of succulents' fleshy roots: a preference for slightly acidic conditions, good aeration, aversion to waterlogging, and a need for gentle nutrients. Perlite, vermiculite, and river sand are blended in proportions of 5-10 parts, 3-8 parts, and 5-12 parts to create a ternary structure of "breathable-water-retaining-draining," stabilizing the porosity of the potting soil. This prevents both waterlogging and root rot, as well as excessive drought, making it suitable for the different growth patterns of various succulent varieties, such as Crassulaceae and Aizoaceae. The slow-release fertilizer's release cycle matches the growth rate of succulents, eliminating the need for frequent fertilization and making it suitable for both home gardening and large-scale cultivation. The core raw materials encompass agricultural and fishery waste, covering five typical types of agricultural and fishery waste produced annually in large quantities in my country. This allows for the simultaneous recycling and utilization of multiple types of waste, resulting in high resource utilization. Furthermore, agricultural and fishery waste are widely available and inexpensive, replacing expensive peat moss and significantly reducing raw material costs. Optimized use of functional additives further controls raw material costs.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the agricultural and fishery waste composite substrate is (25~28):1. Limiting the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of the agricultural and fishery waste composite substrate to (25~28):1 balances the supply of carbon and nitrogen sources to the nutrient soil, providing sufficient carbon for microbial activity to maintain the stability of the nutrient soil structure, while also achieving a gentle and continuous supply of nutrients. This aligns with the low-concentration, slow-release nutrient requirements of succulent fleshy roots, reducing the risk of root burn.

[0037] In one possible implementation, the perlite has a particle size of 3-5 mm. Limiting the perlite particle size to 3-5 mm allows it to form a uniform and interconnected pore structure in the potting soil, effectively improving the soil's permeability, reducing its bulk density, and ensuring sufficient space for root respiration and expansion.

[0038] In one possible implementation, the vermiculite has a particle size of 2-4 mm and a moisture content of 12%. Vermiculite with a particle size of 2-4 mm can regulate the balance between water retention and aeration of the potting soil, locking in an appropriate amount of moisture for succulents to absorb without hindering drainage; the 12% moisture content makes the vermiculite suitable for the "drought-tolerant but waterlogged-sensitive" growth characteristics of succulents.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the river sand has a particle size of 2-8 mm. Limiting the river sand particle size to 2-8 mm enables the construction of continuous drainage channels, significantly improving the drainage efficiency of the potting soil, while also enhancing the structural stability of the potting soil. This provides a loose and permeable growing environment for succulent roots, adapting to the different drainage requirements of different succulent varieties.

[0040] In one possible implementation, the slow-release fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) mass ratio of 3:1:2, and its nutrient release period is 3-6 months. The 3:1:2 NPK mass ratio in the slow-release fertilizer aligns with the growth needs of succulents; nitrogen promotes leaf growth, phosphorus strengthens root development, and potassium enhances the plant's resistance to adverse conditions. The 3-6 month release period matches the growth rate of succulents, ensuring a continuous supply of nutrients without the need for frequent topdressing, thus reducing maintenance costs.

[0041] In one possible implementation, the K2CO3 content in the wood ash is ≥15%. Limiting the K2CO3 content in the wood ash to ≥15% has two advantages: firstly, it ensures a stable supply of sufficient potassium to succulents, which enhances their resilience and promotes the growth and fullness of fleshy stems and leaves, meeting the growth requirements for shaping succulents; secondly, K2CO3 gives the wood ash a slightly alkaline regulating ability, adjusting the pH of the potting soil to the slightly acidic range of 6.0-7.2 suitable for succulents, while also possessing natural bactericidal properties, reducing the probability of harmful microorganisms growing in the potting soil and minimizing root diseases in succulents.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the straw powder is corn straw powder or wheat straw powder, with a particle size of 1-5 mm and a moisture content of ≤15%. Corn / wheat straw powder is a common agricultural waste, with a loose fiber structure and wide availability, enabling efficient resource utilization. The 1-5 mm particle size of the straw powder can form uniform air-permeable pores in the nutrient soil, ensuring space for root respiration. The ≤15% moisture content of the straw powder helps control the overall moisture content of the nutrient soil at a low level, while ensuring that the straw powder does not clump when mixed with other components, improving the uniformity of the compound matrix.

[0043] In one possible implementation, the humic acid content in the water bamboo leaf humus is ≥35%, and the water content is 18%~22%. Limiting the humic acid content in the water bamboo leaf humus to ≥35% helps ensure the fertilizer and water retention capacity of the nutrient soil. Humic acid can increase the cation exchange capacity of the nutrient soil, effectively retaining nutrients and water for slow absorption by succulents, preventing nutrient loss and rapid water evaporation. The 18%~22% water content is compatible with the overall water content of the nutrient soil, providing adequate moisture for the succulent roots. Simultaneously, this water content maintains the loose state of the water bamboo leaf humus, helping to improve the overall porosity of the nutrient soil.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the fermented fish processing by-product contains ≥4.5% organic nitrogen and ≥2.0% phosphorus, with a particle size of 2-6 mm. Limiting the organic nitrogen content to ≥4.5% and phosphorus content to ≥2.0% ensures a stable supply of the core nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients required for succulent growth. Organic nitrogen is a slow-release nutrient with a gentle release rate, while phosphorus promotes the growth and development of succulent fleshy roots and enhances root development. The 2-6 mm particle size matches the particle size of other components, preventing stratification and agglomeration during mixing, ensuring uniform nutrient distribution in the potting soil. This particle size also helps optimize the pore structure of the potting soil, balancing aeration and drainage.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the citrus peel ferment has a particle size of 1-3 mm and an inhibition rate of ≥68% against root rot pathogens. This ≥68% inhibition rate directly suppresses the reproduction of root rot pathogens in the nutrient soil, reducing the risk of root rot in succulents from the source, thus meeting the core growth requirement of succulents whose fleshy roots are susceptible to rot. The small particle size of 1-3 mm allows the citrus peel ferment to mix thoroughly with other nutrient soil components, enabling the antibacterial effect to be fully exerted throughout the nutrient soil. Simultaneously, the acidic properties of the citrus peel ferment can help adjust the pH of the nutrient soil to a slightly acidic level, further adapting it to the succulent's growth environment and realizing the resource utilization of citrus peel agricultural waste.

[0046] In one possible implementation, the succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste has a pH value of 6.0–7.2, a porosity of 45%–60%, and a bulk density of 0.8–1.1 g / cm³.3 The moisture content is 18%~22%, and the organic matter content is ≥45%. This succulent-specific potting mix, based on agricultural and fishery waste, has a pH of 6.0~7.2 to match the slightly acidic environment preferred by succulents, ensuring normal root physiological activity. Its porosity of 45%~60% creates a three-dimensional balanced structure of "aeration-drainage-water retention," providing ample breathing space for the fleshy roots and catering to the succulent's core characteristic of being "drought-tolerant and susceptible to waterlogging." The bulk density is 0.8~1.1 g / cm³. 3 It ensures the potting soil remains loose, facilitating root growth, while maintaining its ability to retain fertilizer and water, promoting root development and growth in succulents and enhancing plant stability. With a moisture content of 18%~22%, it matches the humidity requirements of succulent potting soil, eliminating the need for frequent watering. This provides a continuous water supply while reducing maintenance difficulties, making it suitable for both home gardening and large-scale cultivation. With an organic matter content of ≥45%, it provides a gentle and continuous supply of nutrients to succulents, while improving the structure of the potting soil, enhancing fertilizer retention and cation exchange capacity, reducing nutrient loss, promoting fuller plant shapes and brighter leaves, and improving cultivation quality.

[0047] In one possible implementation, when adapted for Crassulaceae succulents, the components are in the following proportions by weight: 75-80 parts agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 8-10 parts perlite, 3-5 parts vermiculite, 8-12 parts river sand, and 2-3 parts slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate consists of 22-25 parts wood ash, 18-20 parts straw powder, 16-18 parts water chestnut leaf humus, 12-15 parts fermented fish processing by-products, and 10-12 parts fermented citrus peel. This succulent-specific potting mix, with its superior drainage, aeration, and nutrient retention, perfectly suits the characteristics of Crassulaceae succulents: well-developed fleshy roots, drought tolerance but susceptible to waterlogging, need for ample aeration, and sufficient nutrients throughout their growth cycle. This potting mix significantly improves the survival rate, growth quality, and ornamental value of Crassulaceae succulents.

[0048] In one possible implementation, when adapted for Aizoaceae succulents, the mass proportions of each component are as follows: 60-65 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 5-7 parts of perlite, 6-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-8 parts of river sand, and 1-2 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate is composed of 15-18 parts of wood ash, 10-15 parts of straw powder, 10-14 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 8-10 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 5-8 parts of fermented citrus peel. The succulent-specific nutrient soil using the above proportions possesses excellent water and fertilizer retention, good stability, suitable drainage, and high antibacterial properties, perfectly suited to the growth characteristics of Aizoaceae succulents, which have delicate root systems, require moderate water and fertilizer retention, have high requirements for nutrient soil stability during seed germination and growth cycles, and are susceptible to root rot.

[0049] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste, comprising the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Straw is crushed and dried to obtain straw powder; water chestnut leaves are chopped to obtain water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material; citrus peel is cleaned and chopped to obtain citrus peel fermentation raw material; fish processing by-products are cleaned and sterilized to obtain fish processing by-products fermentation raw material. In step S1, targeted standardized pretreatment is carried out on four types of agricultural and fishery waste—straw, water chestnut leaves, citrus peel, and fish processing by-products—based on their different physicochemical properties. This lays a uniform, pure, and suitable foundation of raw materials for subsequent fermentation and nutrient soil preparation. The straw crushing and drying process controls the particle size and moisture content of the straw powder and makes the straw fiber structure more porous, which can effectively play a role in air permeability when compounded with other components. The chopping of water chestnut leaves and citrus peels increases the specific surface area of ​​the raw materials, providing sufficient contact space for the attachment and metabolism of microorganisms during subsequent fermentation, thereby improving fermentation efficiency and the degree of decomposition. The impurity removal process removes ineffective impurities from the raw materials, ensuring the purity of the fermentation products. The fish processing by-products undergo dual treatment of impurity removal and sterilization, which removes easily perishable impurities such as blood and mucus, and kills miscellaneous bacteria and insect eggs in the raw materials, ensuring the nutrient conversion efficiency and safety of the fermentation products.

[0050] S2. Preparation of composite matrix made from agricultural and fishery waste: S2.1 Preparation of water chestnut leaf humus: The water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material is fermented under the action of EM bacteria, and the fermentation product is dried to obtain water chestnut leaf humus; In step S2.1, taking advantage of the high fiber content of water bamboo leaves, EM (Effective Microorganisms) is used for fermentation. The complex microbial system of EM can efficiently decompose the crude fiber of water bamboo leaves, promote the production of humic acid in a targeted manner, ensure that the humic acid content in the water bamboo leaf humus meets the standard, and give full play to its core functions of fertilizer retention, water retention, and improving the structure of nutrient soil. The drying treatment after fermentation can precisely control the moisture content of water bamboo leaf humus, so that it is compatible with the moisture content of other components in the subsequent compounding.

[0051] S2.2 Preparation of fish processing by-product fermentation: The fish processing by-product fermentation raw material is fermented under the action of compound Bacillus, and the fermentation product is dried and pulverized to obtain fish processing by-product fermentation. In step S2.2, taking advantage of the high protein and lipid content of fish processing by-products, a compound Bacillus fermentation process is used. This agent can efficiently decompose animal and plant proteins and lipids, converting them into organic nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients that succulents can absorb, ensuring that the nitrogen and phosphorus content in the fermented product meets the standards. The drying and pulverizing process after fermentation not only controls the particle size of the fermented product, preventing stratification and agglomeration when mixed with other components, but also makes the nutrient distribution more uniform, providing a gentle and continuous nutrient supply for succulents. At the same time, combined with the sterilization process in S1, aseptic fermentation of fish processing by-products is achieved, improving the safety of the nutrient soil.

[0052] S2.3 Preparation of Citrus Peel Fermentation Product: The citrus peel fermentation raw material is mixed with brown sugar and then fermented. The fermentation product is dried and pulverized to obtain citrus peel fermentation product. In step S2.3, the citrus peel itself contains citrus essential oils and other substances that have certain antibacterial properties. Through fermentation with brown sugar, the brown sugar serves as a carbon and nutrient source for microorganisms, promoting the full release and transformation of antibacterial substances in the citrus peel, significantly improving its inhibition rate against root rot bacteria. At the same time, the fermentation process can gently release the acidic substances in the citrus peel, allowing it to precisely adjust the pH of the nutrient soil to the suitable range for succulents. The drying and pulverizing process after fermentation controls the particle size of the fermented citrus peel, allowing it to be fully mixed with other components, so that the antibacterial and pH-regulating functions can be fully exerted in the nutrient soil.

[0053] S2.4 Compound substrate: The water chestnut leaf humus, the fish processing waste fermentation product, the citrus peel fermentation product, wood ash and straw powder are mixed in proportion, and after being mixed evenly, they are sieved to obtain the agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate; In step S2.4, water chestnut leaf humus, fermented fish processing by-products, fermented citrus peels, wood ash, and straw powder are mixed in proportion to achieve synergistic effects of the five functional components. This allows the compound substrate to simultaneously possess comprehensive functions such as fertilizer retention, fertilizer supply, antibacterial properties, aeration, and pH adjustment, meeting the growth needs of succulents. The sieving process after mixing effectively removes large, incompletely decomposed impurities and material clumps, ensuring the looseness and uniformity of the agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, stabilizing its physicochemical properties, and laying the core functional foundation for the subsequent preparation of the nutrient soil product.

[0054] S3. Prepare nutrient soil: Mix the agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, perlite, vermiculite, river sand and slow-release fertilizer evenly according to the ratio to obtain a special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste.

[0055] In step S3, the agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate is mixed with perlite, vermiculite, and river sand according to the specified ratio. This allows for precise control of the porosity, bulk density, and other physical properties of the finished nutrient soil, constructing a three-dimensional balanced nutrient soil structure that balances air permeability, water retention, and drainage, thus adapting to the "drought-tolerant but waterlogged-sensitive" growth characteristics of succulents. The mixing ratio with slow-release fertilizer ensures that nutrient supply is precisely matched to the growth rate of the succulents. The thorough mixing process ensures that each batch of nutrient soil has consistent air permeability, fertilizer retention, and fertilizer supply capabilities, improving batch stability and guaranteeing consistent succulent cultivation results.

[0056] The present invention provides a method for preparing succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste. The method employs a step-by-step process design of "raw material pretreatment → directional fermentation → precise compounding → uniform mixing," with each step interconnected. This approach not only adapts to the characteristics of agricultural and fishery waste to achieve directional resource conversion but also ensures the quality stability and functional compatibility of the finished succulent plant-specific nutrient soil. The process is simple and easy to operate, with low raw material costs and an environmentally friendly production process. It improves the resource utilization rate of agricultural and fishery waste while ensuring the quality and effectiveness of the finished nutrient soil, making it suitable for large-scale industrial production.

[0057] In one possible implementation, in step S1, the particle size of the water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material is 2-3 cm, the particle size of the citrus peel fermentation raw material is 1-2 cm, and the fish processing by-product is a mixture of fish viscera, fish scales, and fish gills in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. The sterilization treatment is carried out at a temperature of 100-120 ℃ for 20-30 min. Controlling the particle size of the water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material to 2-3 cm ensures sufficient contact between the water chestnut leaves and the EM agent, providing ample surface area for microbial metabolism and promoting uniform decomposition and directional conversion of the water chestnut leaves into humus. Controlling the particle size of the citrus peel fermentation raw material to 1-2 cm increases the contact area with brown sugar and fermentation microorganisms, promoting uniform adhesion of brown sugar and full fermentation reaction, facilitating the efficient release of antibacterial and acidic substances in the citrus peel, and ensuring its stable pH-regulating and antibacterial functions. Fish processing by-products are mixed in a ratio of fish viscera:fish scales:fish gills = 3:2:1. This balanced approach ensures a balanced nutritional profile. Fish viscera provide abundant organic protein, which is readily converted into organic nitrogen. Fish scales provide phosphorus and collagen, contributing to optimized soil structure. Fish gills supplement minerals. The synergistic effect of these three components ensures that the organic nitrogen and phosphorus content in the fermented product meets standards, achieving efficient utilization of nutrients from the fish processing by-products. Sterilization at 100-120℃ for 20-30 minutes thoroughly kills bacteria, insect eggs, and harmful microorganisms in the fish processing by-products while preserving their nutritional components, thus guaranteeing the purity and nutrient quality of the fermented product.

[0058] In one possible implementation, in step S2.1, the mass ratio of the EM agent to the water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material is (1~3):100, the fermentation temperature is 25~35 ℃, the humidity is 55%~65%, and the time is 30~45 days. The mass ratio of EM agent to water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material (1~3):100 ensures sufficient EM agent to decompose the crude fiber of the water chestnut leaves and promote humic acid production, ensuring that the humic acid content in the water chestnut leaf humus is ≥35%, while avoiding excessive agent leading to cost waste or insufficient agent resulting in slow fermentation and incomplete decomposition. The temperature of 25~35 ℃ and the humidity of 55%~65% are suitable activity ranges for the EM agent compound microbial system, maximizing microbial metabolic efficiency and accelerating the decomposition of water chestnut leaves. The fermentation time of 30~45 days ensures complete decomposition of the water chestnut leaves while controlling the moisture content of the fermentation product to meet subsequent compounding needs.

[0059] In one possible implementation, in step S2.2, the mass ratio of the compound Bacillus to the fermented raw material of fish processing by-products is (2~4):100, the fermentation treatment adopts a sealed fermentation method, the fermentation temperature is 28~32℃, and the time is 25~35 days. The mass ratio of compound Bacillus to fish processing by-products for fermentation is (2~4):100, which is suitable for the high protein characteristics of fish processing by-products. Sufficient compound Bacillus can efficiently decompose animal and plant proteins and lipids, and convert them into organic nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, ensuring that the organic nitrogen in the fermented product is ≥4.5% and the phosphorus is ≥2.0%. At the same time, it avoids nutrient waste due to excessive inoculum or incomplete decomposition due to insufficient inoculum. Sealed fermentation can create an anaerobic environment, which matches the metabolic characteristics of compound Bacillus, inhibits the growth of aerobic bacteria, and reduces nutrient loss. 28~32 ℃ is the suitable fermentation temperature for compound Bacillus, which can enhance its activity and accelerate nutrient conversion. The fermentation time of 25~35 days can ensure that the fish processing by-products are thoroughly decomposed, the fermentation product is odorless, and the particle size is uniform after drying and pulverizing, which is convenient for subsequent mixing.

[0060] In one possible implementation, in step S2.3, the mass ratio of brown sugar to the citrus peel fermentation raw material is 1:(5~8), and the fermentation process adopts a sealed fermentation method, with a fermentation temperature of 25~30 ℃ and a time of 40~50 days. The mass ratio of brown sugar to citrus peel fermentation raw material of 1:(5~8) provides sufficient carbon source and nutrients for citrus peel fermentation, promotes microbial reproduction, and facilitates the full release and transformation of antibacterial substances (such as citrus essential oil) and acidic substances in the citrus peel, ensuring an inhibition rate of ≥68% against root rot pathogens. Sealed fermentation locks in the acidic substances and antibacterial components produced during fermentation. The temperature of 25~30 ℃ is suitable for the microbial activity during citrus peel fermentation, and the 40~50 day fermentation time ensures thorough decomposition of the citrus peel. The acidic properties of the fermentation product are mild, allowing for precise adjustment of the nutrient soil pH to the suitable range of 6.0~7.2 for succulents.

[0061] In one possible implementation, in step S3, the stirring speed is 30-40 r / min and the stirring time is 15-20 min. A stirring speed of 30-40 r / min and a stirring time of 15-20 min are beneficial for optimizing the mixing effect of the nutrient soil and ensuring the quality uniformity and functional stability of the finished nutrient soil.

[0062] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments and comparative examples. All reagents used in the embodiments are commercially available or synthesized by conventional methods and can be used directly without further processing. The instruments used in the embodiments are also commercially available.

[0063] Example 1 This embodiment provides a special nutrient soil for Crassulaceae succulents based on agricultural and fishery waste. The composition by weight is: 78 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 9 parts of perlite, 4 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of river sand, and 2.5 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate is composed of 22 parts of wood ash, 18 parts of straw powder, 16 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 12 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 10 parts of fermented citrus peel.

[0064] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned special nutrient soil for Crassulaceae succulents based on agricultural and fishery waste, the process flow of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include: S1. Preprocessing: S1.1 Straw Pretreatment: Select corn stalks or wheat stalks that are free from mold and pests, remove soil, weeds and other impurities from the surface of the stalks, and crush them using a pulverizer. After crushing, sieve the pulverized stalks through 1 mm and 5 mm mesh screens. Spread the sieved straw powder evenly in a well-ventilated and sunny place to dry naturally. Use a moisture meter to monitor the moisture content in real time. When the moisture content stabilizes and drops to 14%, stop drying to obtain straw powder, which is then sealed and stored for later use. S1.2 Pretreatment of water bamboo leaves: Select fresh water bamboo leaves that are free from rot and mold, rinse them with clean water to remove mud, residual pesticides and other attachments, and drain the surface water after rinsing; use a chopping machine to cut the drained water bamboo leaves into small sections of 2-3 cm to obtain water bamboo leaf fermentation raw materials. S1.3 Citrus peel pretreatment: Select fresh citrus peels and rinse them with clean water 2-3 times to remove surface dust, sugar residue and other contaminants; place the cleaned citrus peels in a ventilated place to drain the surface water, and use a multi-functional vegetable cutter to chop them into 1-2 cm pieces. After chopping, pass them through a 2 cm mesh screen to remove excessively large pieces, and obtain citrus peel fermentation raw material; S1.4 Pretreatment of fish processing by-products: Select fresh fish viscera, scales, and gills, and mix them evenly in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. Place them in a washing tank and rinse them 3-4 times with running water to remove blood, mucus, mud, and other impurities from the surface. Place the cleaned mixture into a high-temperature sterilizer, close and seal the sterilizer, set the sterilization temperature to 100 ℃, and maintain this temperature for 30 minutes. After sterilization, allow it to cool naturally to room temperature, open the sterilizer, remove the material, and drain the surface condensate to obtain fermented raw materials for fish processing by-products.

[0065] S2. Preparation of composite matrix made from agricultural and fishery waste: S2.1 Preparation of water chestnut leaf humus: Select materials with an effective viable bacterial count ≥ 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Prepare an activation solution using EM inoculant (cfu / g) at a ratio of 1:10 (inoculant:sterile water). Then, spray the activation solution evenly onto the water chestnut leaf fermentation material at a mass ratio of 100:1 (inoculant:EM inoculant). Stir the mixture simultaneously with the spraying to ensure thorough contact and uniform mixing. Pile the inoculated water chestnut leaves into a fermentation pile, maintaining a stable fermentation temperature of 30°C and a relative humidity of 60%. After 40 days of fermentation, observe the material's condition. Fermentation is complete when the water chestnut leaves turn dark brown to blackish-brown, become loose and brittle, lack obvious fibrous structure, and emit a characteristic sweet and pungent odor of humus (without any rancid, foul, or other unpleasant odors). Dry the fermented material using a combination of natural air drying and mechanical ventilation, checking the moisture content every 2 hours. Stop drying when the moisture content stabilizes at 22%. The dried fermentation products were screened through a 10-mesh sieve to remove large impurities that were not fully decomposed. The humic acid content was found to be 36%, resulting in a uniformly textured water chestnut leaf humus.

[0066] S2.2 Preparation of fermented fish processing by-products: Select products with an effective viable count ≥1.0×10⁻⁶. 9A compound Bacillus spores (CFU / g) was used to prepare an activation solution at a ratio of 1:15 (bacterial agent: sterile physiological saline). The activation solution was then evenly sprayed onto the fish processing by-product fermentation material at a mass ratio of 50:1 (total mass of compound Bacillus spores). After thorough mixing, the mixture was transferred to a sealed fermentation tank and placed in a 30°C constant temperature fermentation chamber. After 30 days of fermentation, samples were taken for testing. Fermentation was considered complete when the material was free of any fishy or unpleasant odor and had a loose, brownish-red appearance. The fermented material was then spread evenly in a drying oven at 60°C for 24 hours. The moisture content was measured after drying and controlled to be below 15%. The dried material was then pulverized in a grinder and sieved through 2 mm and 6 mm mesh screens. The sieved material was collected, and large, incompletely pulverized impurities were removed to obtain the fermented fish processing by-product. The organic nitrogen content was measured to be 4.6%, and the phosphorus content to be 2.0%. The product was then sealed and stored for later use.

[0067] S2.3 Preparation of Citrus Peel Fermentation Material: Citrus peel fragments and brown sugar are mixed in a 5:1 mass ratio in a mixing tank, ensuring the brown sugar adheres evenly to the surface of the citrus peels to form a mixture. The mixture is then placed in a ceramic fermentation tank, sealed, and placed in a constant temperature environment of 30 ℃ for fermentation. After 45 days of fermentation, the material is observed. Fermentation is complete when the citrus peel fragments are dark brown, soft in texture, and emit a sweet and sour fermented aroma (without any putrid odor). The fermented material is spread evenly in a ventilated drying area and dried naturally combined with mechanical ventilation until the moisture content reaches 15%. The dried material is then pulverized in a high-speed grinder and sieved through 1 mm and 3 mm mesh screens to obtain the citrus peel fermentation material. The inhibition rate against root rot bacteria is tested to be ≥68%. The material is then sealed and stored in a cool, dry place for later use.

[0068] S2.4 Compound Matrix: Weigh out 16 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 12 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, 10 parts of fermented citrus peel, 22 parts of wood ash, and 18 parts of straw powder according to the formula weight. The wood ash needs to be sieved through a 10-mesh sieve in advance to remove stones, incompletely burned straw residues, and other impurities. The K2CO3 content in the wood ash is 16%. Put all the above raw materials into a mixer and mix them to ensure that each component is evenly mixed. The evenly mixed material is then sieved through a 10-mesh sieve to remove large pieces of unevenly mixed material, impurities, and lumps, and the sieve-passing material is collected. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the sieve-passing material is tested to be 25:1. If the carbon-nitrogen ratio deviates, it can be finely adjusted by adding straw powder (to increase the carbon source) or fermented fish processing by-products (to increase the nitrogen source). After passing the test, the agricultural and fishery waste compound matrix is ​​obtained.

[0069] S3. Preparation of Nutrient Soil: Use perlite with a particle size of 3-5 mm, dried in a drying oven before use to remove adsorbed moisture and dampness; use expanded vermiculite with a particle size of 2-4 mm and a moisture content of 12%; use river sand with a particle size of 2-8 mm that has undergone desalination treatment; use slow-release fertilizer granules with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 3:1:2 and a nutrient release period of 4 months. Using an electronic platform scale, weigh out 78 parts of agricultural waste compound substrate, 9 parts of perlite, 4 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of river sand, and 2.5 parts of slow-release fertilizer according to the weight parts set in the formula. Add the weighed materials to a mixer and mix at 30 r / min for 20 minutes. The materials should be uniform in color and free of visible lumps or component aggregation to confirm homogeneity. The pH value should be 6.5, the porosity 58%, and the bulk density 0.9 g / cm³. 3 With a water content of 20% and an organic matter content of 48%, a special nutrient soil for Crassulaceae succulents based on agricultural and fishery waste was obtained.

[0070] Example 2 This embodiment provides a special nutrient soil for Aizoaceae succulents based on agricultural and fishery waste. The composition by weight is: 62 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 6 parts of perlite, 7 parts of vermiculite, 7 parts of river sand, and 1.5 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate is composed of 18 parts of wood ash, 15 parts of straw powder, 14 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 10 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 5 parts of fermented citrus peel.

[0071] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned special nutrient soil for Aizoaceae succulents based on agricultural and fishery waste, the process flow of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include: S1. Preprocessing: S1.1 Straw Pretreatment: Select corn stalks or wheat stalks that are free from mold and pests, remove soil, weeds and other impurities from the surface of the stalks, and crush them using a pulverizer. After crushing, sieve the pulverized stalks through 1 mm and 5 mm mesh screens. Spread the sieved straw powder evenly in a well-ventilated and sunny place to dry naturally. Use a moisture meter to monitor the moisture content in real time. When the moisture content stabilizes and drops to 15%, stop drying to obtain straw powder, which is then sealed and stored for later use. S1.2 Pretreatment of water bamboo leaves: Select fresh water bamboo leaves that are free from rot and mold, rinse them with clean water to remove mud, residual pesticides and other attachments, and drain the surface water after rinsing; use a chopping machine to cut the drained water bamboo leaves into small sections of 2-3 cm to obtain water bamboo leaf fermentation raw materials. S1.3 Citrus peel pretreatment: Select fresh citrus peels and rinse them with clean water 2-3 times to remove surface dust, sugar residue and other contaminants; place the cleaned citrus peels in a ventilated place to drain the surface water, and use a multi-functional vegetable cutter to chop them into 1-2 cm pieces. After chopping, pass them through a 2 cm mesh screen to remove excessively large pieces, and obtain citrus peel fermentation raw material; S1.4 Pretreatment of fish processing by-products: Select fresh fish viscera, scales, and gills, and mix them evenly in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. Place them in a washing tank and rinse them 3-4 times with running water to remove blood, mucus, mud, and other impurities from the surface. Place the cleaned mixture into a high-temperature sterilizer, close and seal the sterilizer, set the sterilization temperature to 120 ℃, and maintain this temperature for 20 minutes. After sterilization, allow it to cool naturally to room temperature, open the sterilizer, remove the material, and drain the surface condensate to obtain fermented raw materials for fish processing by-products.

[0072] S2. Preparation of composite matrix made from agricultural and fishery waste: S2.1 Preparation of water chestnut leaf humus: Select materials with an effective viable bacterial count ≥ 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Prepare an activation solution using EM inoculant (cfu / g) at a ratio of 1:10 (inoculant:sterile water). Then, spray the activation solution evenly onto the water chestnut leaf fermentation material at a mass ratio of 100:2 (inoculant:EM inoculant). Stir the mixture while spraying to ensure thorough contact and uniform mixing. Pile the inoculated water chestnut leaves into a fermentation pile, maintaining a stable fermentation temperature of 35°C and relative humidity of 65%. After 30 days of fermentation, observe the material's condition. Fermentation is complete when the water chestnut leaves turn dark brown to blackish-brown, become loose and brittle, lack obvious fibrous structure, and emit a characteristic sweet and pungent odor of humus (without any rancid, foul, or other unpleasant odors). Dry the fermented material using a combination of natural air drying and mechanical ventilation, checking the moisture content every 2 hours. Stop drying when the moisture content stabilizes at 22%. The dried fermentation products were screened through a 10-mesh sieve to remove large impurities that were not fully decomposed. The humic acid content was found to be 38%, and a uniform water chestnut leaf humus was obtained.

[0073] S2.2 Preparation of fermented fish processing by-products: Select products with an effective viable count ≥1.0×10⁻⁶. 9A compound Bacillus spores (CFU / g) was used to prepare an activation solution at a ratio of 1:15 (bacterial agent: sterile physiological saline). The activation solution was then evenly sprayed onto the fish processing by-product fermentation material at a mass ratio of 25:1 (total mass of compound Bacillus spores). After thorough mixing, the mixture was placed in a sealed fermentation tank and fermented in a 32°C constant temperature fermentation chamber. After 25 days of fermentation, samples were taken for testing. Fermentation was considered complete when the material had no fishy or unpleasant odor and was a loose, brownish-brown color. The fermented material was then spread evenly in a drying oven at 60°C for 24 hours. After drying, the moisture content was measured and controlled to be below 15%. The dried material was then pulverized in a grinder and sieved through 2 mm and 6 mm mesh screens. The sieved material was collected, and large, incompletely pulverized impurities were removed to obtain the fermented fish processing by-product. The organic nitrogen content was measured to be 4.8%, and the phosphorus content to be 2.5%. The product was then sealed and stored for later use.

[0074] S2.3 Preparation of Citrus Peel Fermentation Material: Citrus peel fragments and brown sugar are mixed in a mixing tank at a mass ratio of 8:1, ensuring the brown sugar adheres evenly to the surface of the citrus peels to form a mixture. This mixture is then placed in a ceramic fermentation tank, sealed, and placed in a constant temperature environment of 30 ℃ for fermentation. After 40 days of fermentation, the material is observed. Fermentation is complete when the citrus peel fragments are dark brown, soft in texture, and emit a sweet and sour fermented aroma (without any putrid odor). The fermented material is spread evenly in a ventilated drying area and dried naturally combined with mechanical ventilation until the moisture content reaches 15%. The dried material is then pulverized in a high-speed grinder and sieved through 1 mm and 3 mm mesh screens to obtain the citrus peel fermentation material. The inhibition rate against root rot bacteria is tested and found to be 68%. The material is then sealed and stored in a cool, dry place for later use.

[0075] S2.4 Compound Matrix: Weigh out 14 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 10 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, 5 parts of fermented citrus peel, 18 parts of wood ash, and 15 parts of straw powder according to the formula weight. The wood ash needs to be sieved through a 10-mesh sieve in advance to remove stones, incompletely burned straw residues, and other impurities. The K2CO3 content in the wood ash should be 15%. Put all the above raw materials into a mixer and mix them to ensure that each component is evenly mixed. Pass the evenly mixed material through a 10-mesh sieve to remove large pieces of unevenly mixed material, impurities, and lumps, and collect the sieve material. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the sieve material should be 25:1. If the carbon-nitrogen ratio deviates, it can be finely adjusted by adding straw powder (to increase the carbon source) or fermented fish processing by-products (to increase the nitrogen source). After passing the test, the agricultural and fishery waste compound matrix is ​​obtained.

[0076] S3. Preparation of Nutrient Soil: Use perlite with a particle size of 3-5 mm, dried in a drying oven before use to remove adsorbed moisture and dampness; use expanded vermiculite with a particle size of 2-4 mm and a moisture content of 12%; use river sand with a particle size of 2-8 mm that has undergone desalination treatment; use slow-release fertilizer granules with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 3:1:2 and a nutrient release period of 4 months. Using an electronic platform scale, weigh out 62 parts of the agricultural waste compound substrate, 6 parts of perlite, 7 parts of vermiculite, 7 parts of river sand, and 1.5 parts of slow-release fertilizer according to the weight proportions set in the formula. Add the weighed materials to a mixer and mix at 30 r / min for 20 minutes. The materials should be uniform in color and free of visible lumps or component aggregation to confirm homogeneity. The pH value should be 6.3, the porosity 52%, and the bulk density 1 g / cm³. 3 With a water content of 21% and an organic matter content of 45%, a special nutrient soil for Crassulaceae succulents based on agricultural and fishery waste was obtained.

[0077] Example 3 This embodiment provides a general-purpose nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste. The composition by weight is: 70 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 7 parts of perlite, 5 parts of vermiculite, 9 parts of river sand, and 2 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate is composed of 20 parts of wood ash, 16 parts of straw powder, 15 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 11 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 8 parts of fermented citrus peel.

[0078] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned general-purpose nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste, the process flow of which is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps include: S1. Preprocessing: S1.1 Straw Pretreatment: Select corn stalks or wheat stalks that are free from mold and pests, remove soil, weeds and other impurities from the surface of the stalks, and crush them using a pulverizer. After crushing, sieve the pulverized stalks through 1 mm and 5 mm mesh screens. Spread the sieved straw powder evenly in a well-ventilated and sunny place to dry naturally. Use a moisture meter to monitor the moisture content in real time. When the moisture content stabilizes and drops to 14%, stop drying to obtain straw powder, which is then sealed and stored for later use. S1.2 Pretreatment of water bamboo leaves: Select fresh water bamboo leaves that are free from rot and mold, rinse them with clean water to remove mud, residual pesticides and other attachments, and drain the surface water after rinsing; use a chopping machine to cut the drained water bamboo leaves into small sections of 2-3 cm to obtain water bamboo leaf fermentation raw materials. S1.3 Citrus peel pretreatment: Select fresh citrus peels and rinse them with clean water 2-3 times to remove surface dust, sugar residue and other contaminants; place the cleaned citrus peels in a ventilated place to drain the surface water, and use a multi-functional vegetable cutter to chop them into 1-2 cm pieces. After chopping, pass them through a 2 cm mesh screen to remove excessively large pieces, and obtain citrus peel fermentation raw material; S1.4 Pretreatment of fish processing by-products: Select fresh fish viscera, scales, and gills, and mix them evenly in a mass ratio of 3:2:1. Place them in a washing tank and rinse them 3-4 times with running water to remove blood, mucus, mud, and other impurities from the surface. Place the cleaned mixture into a high-temperature sterilizer, close and seal the sterilizer, set the sterilization temperature to 110 ℃, and maintain this temperature for 25 minutes. After sterilization, allow it to cool naturally to room temperature, open the sterilizer, remove the material, and drain the surface condensate to obtain fermented raw materials for fish processing by-products.

[0079] S2. Preparation of composite matrix made from agricultural and fishery waste: S2.1 Preparation of water chestnut leaf humus: Select materials with an effective viable bacterial count ≥ 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 Prepare an activation solution using EM inoculant (cfu / g) at a ratio of 1:10 (inoculant:sterile water). Then, spray the activation solution evenly onto the water chestnut leaf fermentation material at a mass ratio of 100:3 (inoculant:EM inoculant). Stir the mixture while spraying to ensure thorough contact and uniform mixing. Pile the inoculated water chestnut leaves into a fermentation pile, maintaining a stable fermentation temperature of 25°C and relative humidity of 55%. After 45 days of fermentation, observe the material's condition. Fermentation is complete when the water chestnut leaves turn dark brown to blackish-brown, become loose and brittle, lack obvious fibrous structure, and emit a characteristic sweet and pungent odor of humus (without any rancid, foul, or other unpleasant odors). Dry the fermented material using a combination of natural air drying and mechanical ventilation, checking the moisture content every 2 hours. Stop drying when the moisture content stabilizes at 20%. The dried fermentation products were screened through a 10-mesh sieve to remove large impurities that were not fully decomposed. The humic acid content was found to be 36%, resulting in a uniformly textured water chestnut leaf humus.

[0080] S2.2 Preparation of fermented fish processing by-products: Select products with an effective viable count ≥1.0×10⁻⁶. 9A compound Bacillus spores (CFU / g) was used to prepare an activation solution at a ratio of 1:15 (bacterial agent: sterile physiological saline). The activation solution was then evenly sprayed onto the fish processing by-product fermentation material at a mass ratio of 50:1 (total mass of compound Bacillus spores). After thorough mixing, the mixture was transferred to a sealed fermentation tank and placed in a 30°C constant temperature fermentation chamber. After 30 days of fermentation, samples were taken for testing. Fermentation was considered complete when the material was free of fishy odors and had a loose, brownish-brown appearance. The fermented material was then spread evenly in a drying oven at 60°C for 24 hours. The moisture content was measured after drying and controlled to be below 15%. The dried material was then pulverized in a grinder and sieved through 2 mm and 6 mm mesh screens. The sieved material was collected, and large, incompletely pulverized impurities were removed to obtain the fermented fish processing by-product. The organic nitrogen content was measured to be 4.5%, and the phosphorus content to be 2.8%. The product was then sealed and stored for later use.

[0081] S2.3 Preparation of Citrus Peel Fermentation Material: Citrus peel fragments and brown sugar are mixed in a 6:1 mass ratio in a mixing tank, ensuring the brown sugar adheres evenly to the surface of the citrus peels to form a mixture. This mixture is then placed in a ceramic fermentation tank, sealed, and placed in a constant temperature environment of 28 ℃ for fermentation. After 50 days of fermentation, the material is observed. Fermentation is complete when the citrus peel fragments are dark brown, soft in texture, and emit a sweet and sour fermented aroma (without any putrid odor). The fermented material is spread evenly in a ventilated drying area and dried naturally combined with mechanical ventilation until the moisture content reaches 14%. The dried material is then pulverized in a high-speed grinder and sieved through 1 mm and 3 mm mesh screens to obtain the citrus peel fermentation material. The inhibition rate against root rot bacteria is tested at 69%. The material is then sealed and stored in a cool, dry place for later use.

[0082] S2.4 Compound Matrix: Weigh out 15 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 11 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, 8 parts of fermented citrus peel, 20 parts of wood ash, and 16 parts of straw powder according to the formula weight. The wood ash needs to be sieved through a 10-mesh sieve in advance to remove stones, incompletely burned straw residues, and other impurities. The K2CO3 content in the wood ash is 16%. Put all the above raw materials into a mixer and mix them to ensure that each component is evenly mixed. The evenly mixed material is then sieved through a 10-mesh sieve to remove large pieces of unevenly mixed material, impurities, and lumps, and the sieve-passing material is collected. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the sieve-passing material is tested to be 28:1. If the carbon-nitrogen ratio deviates, it can be finely adjusted by adding straw powder (to increase the carbon source) or fermented fish processing by-products (to increase the nitrogen source). After passing the test, the agricultural and fishery waste compound matrix is ​​obtained.

[0083] S3. Preparation of Nutrient Soil: Use perlite with a particle size of 3-5 mm, dried in a drying oven before use to remove adsorbed moisture and dampness; use expanded vermiculite with a particle size of 2-4 mm and a moisture content of 12%; use river sand with a particle size of 2-8 mm that has undergone desalination treatment; use slow-release fertilizer granules with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 3:1:2 and a nutrient release period of 4 months. Using an electronic platform scale, weigh out 70 parts of the agricultural waste compound substrate, 7 parts of perlite, 5 parts of vermiculite, 9 parts of river sand, and 2 parts of slow-release fertilizer according to the weight proportions set in the formula. Add the weighed materials to a mixer and mix at 30 r / min for 20 minutes. The materials should be uniform in color and free of visible lumps or component aggregation to confirm homogeneity. The pH value should be 6.8, the porosity 55%, and the bulk density 0.95 g / cm³. 3 A special nutrient soil for Crassulaceae succulents, based on agricultural and fishery waste, was obtained with a water content of 19% and an organic matter content of 46%.

[0084] Example 4 In this embodiment, the special nutrient soil for Crassulaceae succulents prepared in Example 1 based on agricultural and fishery waste is applied to the cultivation of Echeveria seedlings. The specific steps are as follows: N1. Select 50 Echeveria seedlings that are in uniform growth, free from pests and diseases, and without mechanical damage. The height of the seedlings should be strictly controlled at 3.0±0.2 cm. Select 50 ceramic flower pots of uniform size as cultivation pots. Lay 3 layers of filter screen at the bottom of the flower pots to prevent the loss of nutrient soil. Leave 3 drainage holes at the bottom of each pot to ensure smooth drainage.

[0085] N2. Wash and air-dry 50 flowerpots. Then fill each of the 50 flowerpots with the special nutrient soil for Crassulaceae succulents prepared in Example 1 (raw material cost is 800 yuan / ton), up to 70% of the height of the flowerpot. Dig a planting hole about 2 cm deep in the center of the nutrient soil. Spread out the roots of the Echeveria seedling and place it in the hole. Backfill with nutrient soil and gently compact it to ensure that the roots are in close contact with the nutrient soil and avoid empty holes. Water thoroughly immediately after planting, about 50 mL of water per pot. Place in a cool and ventilated place to allow the seedlings to recover for 3 days. N3. Place 50 flowerpots containing seedlings in a smart greenhouse, set the ambient temperature to 25±2 ℃, use natural light for 8~10 hours of light per day, maintain the relative humidity at 50%~60% through the linkage of humidifier and ventilation system, and follow the "water when dry" principle, with the watering frequency and amount of watering for all 50 flowerpots being exactly the same, and cultivate for 60 days.

[0086] After cultivation, the root rot rate of Echeveria seedlings was measured to be 3.2%, the plant shape fullness was improved by 38%, and the chlorophyll content of leaves was 52 SPAD.

[0087] Method for calculating root rot rate: Remove all seedlings from their pots, gently rinse the roots with clean water, remove the attached nutrient soil, and observe the root condition: The criteria for judging rot are brown rot, easy to break by hand, and lack of elasticity. Count the number of rotten seedlings in each group and calculate the root rot rate (number of rotten seedlings / total number of seedlings × 100%).

[0088] Plant shape fullness assessment method: The plant shape fullness is assessed by the plant width / plant height ratio. The average fullness of Echeveria seedlings before cultivation is used as the benchmark. The increase in plant shape fullness after cultivation is calculated as [(average after cultivation - average before cultivation) / average before cultivation × 100%].

[0089] Leaf chlorophyll content determination method: Using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter, the chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of the three functional leaves in the middle of each seedling was measured. Three sites were measured for each leaf (leaf tip, leaf middle, and leaf base). The average value was taken as the chlorophyll content of a single plant, and then the average SPAD value of each group was calculated.

[0090] Comparative Example 1 In this comparative example, commercially available mainstream peat moss and nutrient soil specifically for Crassulaceae succulents were used to cultivate Echeveria seedlings. Except for the nutrient soil, which differed from Example 4, all other aspects were identical to Example 4. The specifications of the commercially available mainstream peat moss and nutrient soil for Crassulaceae succulents were: pH 6.2, porosity 42%, and bulk density 1.25 g / cm³. 3 The moisture content was 18%, and the raw material cost was 1350 yuan / ton. After cultivation, the root rot rate of Echeveria seedlings was measured to be 18.5%, the plant fullness increased by 15%, and the chlorophyll content of leaves was 41 SPAD.

[0091] Example 5 In this embodiment, the special nutrient soil for Aizoaceae succulents prepared in Example 2 based on agricultural and fishery waste is applied to the cultivation of Lithops. The specific steps are as follows: N1. Take 100 Lithops seeds from the same batch and source, with a seed plumpness of ≥95%, uniform seed size, no damage, no mold, and no insect infestation; select 100 transparent seedling boxes of uniform specifications, with 6 drainage holes evenly distributed on the bottom of the box.

[0092] N2. Fill each seedling box with the special nutrient soil for Aizoaceae succulents prepared in Example 2 based on agricultural and fishery waste (raw material cost is 780 yuan / ton), up to 70% of the box height. Use a sterile toothpick to pick up Lithops seeds and sow them on the surface of the special nutrient soil. After sowing, cover with a layer of sterile quartz sand (about 0.2 cm thick) and gently compact it. Then immediately spray with sterile water until the nutrient soil is completely moist. Place in a cool and ventilated place to recover for 3 days.

[0093] N3. Place 100 seedling boxes into an intelligent artificial climate chamber, setting the ambient temperature to 22±1 ℃, daily light duration to 12 h, and relative humidity to 70%~75%. Use a spray moisturizing method for watering: for the first 3 months (germination period), spray once every 3 days, applying 10 mL of sterile water per box each time to keep the surface of the nutrient soil moist (moisture content 50%~55%); for 3~6 months (seedling period), spray once every 5 days, applying 15 mL each time, controlling the moisture content of the nutrient soil at 45%~50%; for 6~12 months (mature plant period), spray once every 7 days, applying 20 mL each time, controlling the moisture content of the nutrient soil at 40%~45%. Use a soil moisture sensor to monitor humidity in real time and precisely adjust the amount of watering for 12 months of cultivation.

[0094] After cultivation, 92 out of 100 seeds germinated, a germination rate of 92.5%. Of the 92 germinated plants, 90 flowered within 12 months, with an average flowering period of 12.0 months and a fluctuation range of only ±0.3 months, demonstrating extremely high stability. The two plants that did not flower were slow-growing plants and showed no disease symptoms. Among the 92 germinated plants in the experimental group, only two showed mild root disease (the length of diseased roots was <10%), with a root disease incidence rate of 2.8%.

[0095] Germination rate statistics method: Count the final number of germinated plants from 100 seeds and calculate the total germination rate.

[0096] Meeting cycle statistics method: Observe and record the flowering date of each Lithops, and use the full opening of the petals as the criterion for judging flowering to calculate the average flowering cycle.

[0097] Method for calculating the incidence of root diseases: Remove the Lithops plants from the potting soil, gently rinse the roots with clean water to remove the attached potting soil, and observe the root condition: The disease is judged by the presence of brown / black rot, loss of fibrous roots, and soft and inelastic taproots. Count the number of diseased plants and calculate the incidence of root diseases (number of diseased plants / total number of sprouting plants × 100%).

[0098] Comparative Example 2 In this comparative example, commercially available mainstream peat moss specifically for Aizoaceae succulents was used to cultivate Lithops. Except for the cultivation nutrient soil, which differed from Example 5, all other aspects were identical to Example 5. The specifications of the commercially available mainstream peat moss specifically for Aizoaceae succulents were: pH 6.1, porosity 40%, and bulk density 1.3 g / cm³. 3The moisture content was 19%, and the raw material cost was 1400 yuan / ton. After cultivation, 78 out of 100 seeds germinated, a germination rate of 78%. Of the 78 germinated plants, 70 flowered, with flowering cycles ranging from 10 to 14 months. Among them, 15 plants had flowering cycles of ≤11 months, and 20 plants had flowering cycles of ≥13 months, indicating poor stability. Of the 78 germinated plants, 13 developed root diseases (5 of which had diseased root lengths >50%, and 3 died from the disease), resulting in a root disease incidence rate of 16.3%.

[0099] Example 6 In this embodiment, the general-purpose succulent-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste prepared in Example 3 is applied to the cultivation of Lithops. The specific steps are as follows: N1. Select 50 seedlings of *Echeveria elegans* (Crassulaceae) that are in uniform condition, free from pests, diseases, and mechanical damage, with a plant height of 3.0±0.2 cm; select 50 seedlings of *Conophytum comosum* (Aizoaceae) that are in uniform condition, free from pests, diseases, and mechanical damage, with a plant height of 1.5±0.1 cm; select 50 seedlings of *Haworthia cooperi* (Liliaceae) that are in uniform condition, free from pests, diseases, and mechanical damage, with a plant height of 2.0±0.3 cm; select 150 uniformly sized purple clay pots as cultivation pots, with 3 drainage holes reserved at the bottom of the pots, and cover the holes with 2 layers of nylon filter screen to prevent the loss of nutrient soil; rinse all pots with clean water and let them air dry naturally before use.

[0100] N2. Fill 150 flowerpots with the general-purpose nutrient soil prepared in Example 3 to 70% of the pot height. Dig planting holes in the center of the nutrient soil with a depth appropriate to the root system of the corresponding variety (2.5 cm for Echeveria elegans, 1.5 cm for Conophytum comosum, and 2.0 cm for Haworthia cooperi). Spread the plant roots out in the holes, backfill with nutrient soil and gently compact it to ensure close contact between the roots and the nutrient soil. Water thoroughly immediately after planting, 40 mL per pot, and place in a cool, ventilated place for 3 days to allow the seedlings to recover.

[0101] N3. Place 150 flowerpots containing seedlings in a smart greenhouse, set the ambient temperature to 23±2 ℃, and provide 9 hours of natural light per day; maintain the relative humidity at 55%~65% by linking the humidifier and ventilation system; adopt the "water when dry" principle, and ensure that the watering frequency and amount of water for all 150 flowerpots are exactly the same, and cultivate for 8 months.

[0102] After cultivation, only 2 out of 50 *Echeveria elegans* plants showed slight root rot (rotten length <5%), with a root rot rate of 4.0%; only 1 out of 50 *Conophytum* plants showed slight root rot, with a root rot rate of 2.0%; and 2 out of 50 *Haworthia* plants showed a small amount of root rot, with a root rot rate of 4.0%. The root rot rate of all three succulent species was ≤5%, indicating that the general-purpose succulent potting mix's aeration and antibacterial properties are suitable for the root growth needs of different succulent families. After cultivation, the general-purpose succulent potting mix remained loose, without compaction or mold; the tested bulk density was 1.02 g / cm³. 3 The looseness retention rate was approximately 85% (0.95 / 1.02) × 100%. The three succulent plants showed good growth consistency, with coefficients of variation for plant height and width both ≤8%. The chlorophyll content of the leaves of *Echeveria elegans* (49 SPAD), *Conophytum comosum* (47 SPAD), and *Haworthia cooperi* (45 SPAD) remained stable, showing no signs of nutrient deficiency. This demonstrates that the succulent-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste provided by this invention is suitable for the different growth needs of succulents from the Crassulaceae, Aizoaceae, and Liliaceae families, exhibiting excellent overall adaptability.

[0103] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste, characterized in that, The product comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60-80 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound matrix, 5-10 parts of perlite, 3-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-12 parts of river sand, and 1-3 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound matrix includes 15-25 parts of wood ash, 10-20 parts of straw powder, 10-18 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 8-15 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 5-12 parts of fermented citrus peel.

2. The succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compound matrix made from agricultural and fishery waste is (25~28):1; And / or, the perlite has a grain size of 3-5 mm; And / or, the vermiculite has a particle size of 2-4 mm and a moisture content of 12%; And / or, the particle size of the river sand is 2~8 mm; And / or, the slow-release fertilizer is a compound fertilizer with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium mass ratio of 3:1:2, and its nutrient release cycle is 3 to 6 months.

3. The succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The K2CO3 content in the wood ash is ≥15%. And / or, the straw powder is corn straw powder or wheat straw powder, with a particle size of 1~5 mm and a moisture content of ≤15%; And / or, the humic acid content in the humus of the water chestnut leaves is ≥35%, and the water content is 18%~22%; And / or, the fermented fish processing by-products contain ≥4.5% organic nitrogen, ≥2.0% phosphorus, and have a particle size of 2~6 mm; And / or, the particle size of the citrus peel ferment is 1-3 mm, and the inhibition rate against root rot pathogens is ≥68%.

4. The succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste has a pH value of 6.0~7.2, a porosity of 45%~60%, and a bulk density of 0.8~1.1 g / cm³. 3 The moisture content is 18%~22%, and the organic matter content is ≥45%.

5. The succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, When it is suitable for Crassulaceae succulents, the mass proportions of each component are as follows: 75-80 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 8-10 parts of perlite, 3-5 parts of vermiculite, 8-12 parts of river sand, and 2-3 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate is composed of 22-25 parts of wood ash, 18-20 parts of straw powder, 16-18 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 12-15 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 10-12 parts of fermented citrus peel.

6. The succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, When it is adapted for Aizoaceae succulents, the mass fractions of each component are as follows: 60-65 parts of agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, 5-7 parts of perlite, 6-8 parts of vermiculite, 5-8 parts of river sand, and 1-2 parts of slow-release fertilizer. The agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate is composed of 15-18 parts of wood ash, 10-15 parts of straw powder, 10-14 parts of water chestnut leaf humus, 8-10 parts of fermented fish processing by-products, and 5-8 parts of fermented citrus peel.

7. A method for preparing succulent plant-specific nutrient soil based on agricultural and fishery waste as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Pretreatment: Straw is crushed and dried to obtain straw powder; water chestnut leaves are chopped to obtain water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material; citrus peel is cleaned and chopped to obtain citrus peel fermentation raw material; fish processing by-products are cleaned and sterilized to obtain fish processing by-products fermentation raw material. S2. Preparation of composite matrix made from agricultural and fishery waste: S2.1 Preparation of water chestnut leaf humus: The water chestnut leaf fermentation raw material is fermented under the action of EM bacteria, and the fermentation product is dried to obtain water chestnut leaf humus; S2.2 Preparation of fish processing by-product fermentation: The fish processing by-product fermentation raw material is fermented under the action of compound Bacillus, and the fermentation product is dried and pulverized to obtain fish processing by-product fermentation. S2.3 Preparation of Citrus Peel Fermentation Product: The citrus peel fermentation raw material is mixed with brown sugar and then fermented. The fermentation product is dried and pulverized to obtain citrus peel fermentation product. S2.4 Compound substrate: The water chestnut leaf humus, the fish processing waste fermentation product, the citrus peel fermentation product, wood ash and straw powder are mixed in proportion, and after being mixed evenly, they are sieved to obtain the agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate; S3. Prepare nutrient soil: Mix the agricultural and fishery waste compound substrate, perlite, vermiculite, river sand and slow-release fertilizer evenly according to the ratio to obtain a special nutrient soil for succulent plants based on agricultural and fishery waste.

8. The method for preparing nutrient soil for succulent plant seedlings based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the particle size of the fermented water chestnut leaf raw material is 2-3 cm, the particle size of the fermented citrus peel raw material is 1-2 cm, the fish processing by-product is a mixture of fish viscera, fish scales and fish gills in a mass ratio of 3:2:1, and the sterilization treatment temperature is 100-120 ℃ and the time is 20-30 min.

9. The method for preparing nutrient soil for succulent plant seedlings based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2.1, the mass ratio of the EM inoculant to the fermented water chestnut leaves is (1~3):100, the fermentation temperature is 25~35 ℃, the humidity is 55%~65%, and the time is 30~45 days; And / or, in step S2.2, the mass ratio of the compound Bacillus to the fermented raw material of fish processing by-products is (2~4):100, the fermentation treatment adopts a sealed fermentation method, the fermentation temperature is 28~32 ℃, and the time is 25~35 days; And / or, in step S2.3, the mass ratio of the brown sugar to the citrus peel fermentation raw material is 1:(5~8), the fermentation treatment adopts a sealed fermentation method, the fermentation temperature is 25~30 ℃, and the time is 40~50 days.

10. The method for preparing nutrient soil for succulent plant seedlings based on agricultural and fishery waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, The stirring speed is 30~40 r / min, and the stirring time is 15~20 min.

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