Soil conditioner as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses preparation and application of a soil conditioner, and the soil conditioner comprises the following components: bacterial fertilizer, humic acid and straw. The application amount of the modifier is different according to different soil properties, and the application amount ranges are as follows: the bacterial fertilizer is 250-680 kg / mu, the humic acid is 250-680 kg / mu, and the straw is 650-2600 kg / mu. The organic matter content of soil can be remarkably increased, the soil particle aggregation condition is improved, and the problems that various kinds of soil are insufficient in nutrient, poor in structure, high in pH, high in salinity and the like can be well solved. Compared with the traditional improvement technology, the method has the advantages of low cost, simple technology, easily available modifier and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil improvement technology, and in particular to a soil conditioner, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Soil conditioners are materials added to soil to improve its physical, chemical, and biological properties. They can regulate the rhizosphere microbial community, increase soil productivity, reduce the content of heavy metal ions in the soil, promote crop growth, and increase crop yield and quality. Soil conditioners can be broadly classified into inorganic, organic, and biological types according to their properties. In practical applications, multiple types of conditioners are often used in combination to better promote crop growth.

[0003] For example, a Chinese invention patent (publication number: CN114410307A) discloses a soil conditioner comprising the following components in weight percentage: 40-50 parts by weight of aluminum sulfate, 40-50 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate, 2-10 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate, and 2-10 parts by weight of zinc sulfate; which can improve soil pH and increase the seedling survival rate.

[0004] For example, a Chinese invention patent (publication number: CN115785969A) discloses a soil conditioner comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: bio-humic acid, biochar, desulfurized gypsum, calcium lignosulfonate, and polyacrylamide in the ratio of (8-10):(6-8):(30-40):(0.1-0.3):(0.5-1). It can lower the pH of coastal saline-alkali soil, reduce the alkalinity of saline-alkali soil, reduce the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of saline-alkali soil, regulate the salt ion composition of soil, reduce the degree of sodiumization of coastal saline-alkali soil, effectively increase the organic matter content of coastal saline-alkali soil, improve soil structure, improve the quality of saline-alkali soil, help plant growth, and improve crop quality.

[0005] The above-mentioned technical solutions also have the following defects: their components will pollute the soil and water environment, affect the activity of soil microorganisms, and are not conducive to improving the physical and chemical properties of soil and regulating the microbial community structure. In view of the above problems, this application proposes a soil conditioner for soil improvement, which has simple components and low production cost. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a soil conditioner and its preparation method, which has the advantages of low production cost and simple composition, and solves the problems of high production cost and complex composition of existing soil conditioners.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a soil conditioner comprising the following raw materials: microbial fertilizer, humic acid and straw.

[0008] The microbial fertilizer is made by composting and fermenting straw, vegetables and their residues, fruits and their residues, or a mixture of two or more of the above three at room temperature.

[0009] The humic acid is one of humic acid, fermented fulvic acid, and nitrohumic acid.

[0010] The straw is one of the following: corn straw, wheat straw, reed straw, peanut straw, or peanut shells.

[0011] Further The microbial fertilizer is prepared by composting straw, vegetables and their residues, fruits and their residues, or a mixture of two or more of the above at room temperature, resulting in a brown, soil-like material. During composting, the maximum water holding capacity of the raw materials is maintained at 60%–75%, the pile temperature is controlled at 55℃–65℃, and the composting time is 3–5 days. The pile is covered with breathable canvas to retain moisture and heat; if the temperature is too high, the canvas is removed, and appropriate water replenishment, ventilation, and cooling are implemented.

[0012] The humic acid is either a commercially available product or a product prepared in-house.

[0013] The method for preparing the straw is as follows: the straw is harvested, dried, and shredded, and then directly crushed using a crusher. The size of the crushed straw is between 18 mesh and 400 mesh.

[0014] Going a step further During the improvement process, the application rates of each component are as follows: microbial fertilizer 250 kg / mu to 680 kg / mu, humic acid 250 kg / mu to 680 kg / mu, and straw 650 kg / mu to 2600 kg / mu.

[0015] Going further The soil conditioner is applied as a base fertilizer by mixing it evenly into the 0-20cm topsoil layer and allowing it to mature for 7-14 days.

[0016] When applying this product, the application rate should be adjusted according to the soil salinity.

[0017] When the soil salinity in the 0-20 cm topsoil layer is >4 g / kg: 500 kg / mu to 680 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer, 500 kg / mu to 680 kg / mu of humic acid, and 2000 kg / mu to 2600 kg / mu of straw.

[0018] When the soil salinity in the 0-20 cm topsoil layer is 2-4 g / kg: 250 kg / mu to 400 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer, 250 kg / mu to 400 kg / mu of humic acid, and 650 kg / mu to 1300 kg / mu of straw.

[0019] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This soil conditioner achieves the goal of waste reuse and reduces production costs. It has a significant effect on promoting plant germination rate. The addition of this soil conditioner can adjust the soil pH to a near-neutral value, improve soil fertility and soil structure. Therefore, this soil conditioner can improve the micro-ecological environment for plant growth by adjusting the soil physicochemical properties, thereby playing a positive role in crop growth and development. Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Example 1 Microbial fertilizer A: Made from fermented corn stalks, 260-680 kg / mu.

[0022] Humic acid: The main component is coal humic acid, 260-680 kg / mu.

[0023] Straw: Reed straw, after being air-dried, crushed, bagged and sealed for later use, 680-2500 kg / mu.

[0024] The basic properties of the tested soils and some soil conditioners are shown in Table 1.

[0025] After mixing the three soil amendments evenly, apply the mixture to the land, till the soil to ensure even mixing, and allow it to mature for 14 days. The soil physicochemical properties after 14 days are shown in Table 2.

[0026] The EC value of the improved soil decreased significantly. Except for available potassium, the contents of available phosphorus, ammoniacal nitrogen, and organic matter all increased substantially. Soil alkalinity decreased, approaching neutral. The soil aggregate structure also improved significantly after improvement. Soil aggregate composition before and after improvement: after treatment, microaggregates <0.25mm accounted for 39.3% of the total, a decrease of 17.1% compared to the original soil; the content of large aggregates >0.25mm under wet sieving in each treatment ranged from 40.3% to 60.7%.

[0027] Crop is planted after ripening.

[0028] The tested crop variety is cherry radish, with crisp and tender leaves, fleshy roots shaped like abacus beads, thin and bright red skin, white flesh, tender and juicy, and matures when it has 5 leaves.

[0029] Cherry radishes could not germinate normally in the original soil, but grew better in the improved soil. Germination rate on day 4: 55%-82%; Germination rate on day 4: 75%-100%; Plant height on the 15th: 6.62-9.43 cm; Leaf spread on the 15th: 16.14-18.90 mm.

[0030] Example 2 Microbial fertilizer B: It is made by fermenting a mixture of wheat straw, vegetable leaves and fruit peels, with a yield of 260-680 kg / mu.

[0031] Humic acid: The main component is fermented fulvic acid, 260-680 kg / mu.

[0032] Straw: Corn stalks, cut into pieces and then crushed into powder by a crusher for use, 680-2500 kg / mu.

[0033] The basic properties of the tested soils and some soil conditioners are shown in Table 1.

[0034] pH EC (μS / cm) Water holding capacity (%) Organic matter (%) Ammonium nitrogen (mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Available potassium (mg / kg) soil 7.65 1161.6 3.53 4.96 95.75 44.90 237.50 humic acid 6.52 952.8 10.85 79.34 1092.50 35.56 861.75 Microbial Fertilizer B 7.73 6.5 41.34 20.77 148.40 430.35 473.30 After the three soil amendments were mixed evenly, they were applied to the land, and the soil was tilled to ensure that the compound amendment was evenly mixed with the soil. The soil was then allowed to mature for 14 days. The soil physicochemical properties after 14 days of maturation are shown in Table 2.

[0035] pH EC (μS / cm) Available potassium (mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Ammonium nitrogen (mg / kg) Organic matter (%) Water holding capacity (%) 7.06-7.26 190.9-302.0 361.59-496.41 93.28-134.11 39.61-67.39 13.25-31.78 13.19-20.54 The application of soil conditioner significantly improved soil quality. EC values ​​decreased by 74.0%-83.6%, available potassium increased by 52.2%-109.0%, available phosphorus by 107.8%-198.7%, organic matter by 167.1%-540.7%, and soil water holding capacity by 273.7%-481.9%. Ammonia nitrogen content decreased after the application of conditioner. Furthermore, the improved soil was closer to neutral.

[0036] Example 3 Microbial fertilizer A: Made from fermented corn stalks, 260-680 kg / mu.

[0037] Humic acid: The main component is nitrohumic acid, 260-680 kg / mu.

[0038] Straw: Wheat straw, which is air-dried, crushed, bagged and sealed for later use, 680-2500 kg / mu.

[0039] The basic properties of the tested soils and some soil conditioners are shown in Table 1.

[0040] pH EC (μS / cm) Organic matter (%) Ammonium nitrogen (mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Available potassium (mg / kg) saline-alkali soil 8.05 1001.6 3.68 90.1 41.8 240.5 humic acid 6.32 902.8 72.05 1002.9 37.2 842.5 Microbial Fertilizer A 7.13 6.0 22.55 152.1 410.5 443.4 After the three soil amendments were mixed evenly, they were applied to the land, and the soil was tilled to ensure that the compound amendment was evenly mixed with the soil. The soil was then allowed to mature for 7 days. The soil physicochemical properties after 7 days of maturation are shown in Table 2.

[0041] pH EC (μS / cm) Organic matter (%) Ammonium nitrogen (mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Available potassium (mg / kg) 7.42-7.83 310.5-423.1 13.44-27.72 95.2-105.9 121.5-135.1 651.3-714.6 After applying the soil conditioner, soil indicators showed significant improvement compared to the original soil. Soil pH decreased from over 8 to below 8, showing a trend towards neutrality. The EC value decreased to one-third of its original value, indicating a reduction in salt concentration. Organic matter content increased to 4-9 times that of the original soil, making the soil relatively fertile. Available phosphorus and available potassium contents increased to approximately 3 times and 2.5 times their original concentrations, respectively. Although this method improved ammonium nitrogen concentration to some extent, the improvement was limited.

[0042] Weighted diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) are important indicators reflecting soil nutrient cycling potential and evaluating its stability. Generally, the larger the MWD and GMD, the higher the average particle size aggregation of the soil and the stronger its overall stability. Table 3 shows the MWD and GMD of the original soil and the improved soil.

[0043] The results showed an increase in both MWD and GMD, indicating that the amendment has a positive effect on improving the soil nutrient cycling potential and stability.

[0044] Crops are planted after the soil has matured.

[0045] The tested crop variety was tall fescue.

[0046] The native soil is not suitable for tall fescue growth, and it hardly germinates.

[0047] The following is a summary of the crop's performance after 28 days of growth in the improved soil: Survival rate: 86%-100% Total germination length: 440.3cm - 638.7cm Germination rate: 70%-100% Seed germination index: 60-80 Example 4 Microbial fertilizer C: made from fermented fruit peels, 260-680 kg / mu.

[0048] Humic acid: The main component is fermented fulvic acid, 260-680 kg / mu.

[0049] Straw: Reed straw, air-dried, crushed, bagged and sealed for later use, 680-2500 kg / mu.

[0050] The basic properties of the tested soils and some soil conditioners are shown in Table 1.

[0051] pH EC (μS / cm) Water holding capacity (%) Available potassium (mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Ammonium nitrogen (mg / kg) Organic matter (%) saline-alkali soil 7.95 971.6 4.53 213.5 39.8 100.1 2.17 humic acid 6.12 783.8 9.65 765.5 40.2 998.9 80.21 Microbial Fertilizer C 6.93 9.2 36.14 498.3 425.3 144.1 20.92 After mixing the three soil amendments evenly, apply the mixture to the land, till the soil to ensure even mixing, and allow it to mature for 7 days. The soil physicochemical properties after 7 days are shown in Table 2.

[0052] pH EC (μS / cm) Water holding capacity (%) Available potassium (mg / kg) Available phosphorus (mg / kg) Ammonium nitrogen (mg / kg) Organic matter (%) 7.25-7.60 290-375 6.3-16.1 550-800 60-85 100-110 6-10 After applying the soil conditioner, soil indicators showed significant improvement compared to the original soil. Soil pH decreased, showing a trend towards neutrality. EC values ​​decreased to 29.8%-38.6% of the original values, indicating a reduction in salt concentration. Water holding capacity increased by 36.7%-255.4%, indicating improved water retention after the amendment. Available potassium and available phosphorus contents increased to 2.58-3.75 times and 1.51-2.14 times of their original levels, respectively. Organic matter content increased to 2.76-4.61 times of the original soil, making the soil relatively fertile. Ammonium nitrogen showed only a limited increase, essentially remaining at the original level.

[0053] Crop is planted after ripening.

[0054] The tested crop variety was tall fescue.

[0055] The native soil is not suitable for tall fescue growth, and it hardly germinates.

[0056] The crop growth after 28 days in improved soil is as follows: Survival rate: 45%-80% Plant height: 17.3cm-20.5cm Seed germination index: 60-75 Germination potential: 65%-90%.

Claims

1. A soil conditioner, characterized in that, Its components include: microbial fertilizer, humic acid and straw.

2. The microbial fertilizer is made by composting and fermenting straw, vegetables and their residues, fruits and their residues, or a mixture of two or more of the above three at room temperature.

3. The humic acid may be one of coal humic acid, fermented fulvic acid, or nitrohumic acid.

4. The straw is one of the following: corn straw, wheat straw, reed straw, peanut straw, and peanut shells.

5. A soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rates are 250 kg / mu to 680 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer, 250 kg / mu to 680 kg / mu of humic acid, and 650 kg / mu to 2600 kg / mu of straw.

6. The soil conditioner according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes one or more of the following (1)-(3): (1) The microbial fertilizer is prepared by composting straw, vegetables and their residues, fruits and their residues, or a mixture of two or more of the above three at room temperature, resulting in a brown soil-like material. During composting, the maximum water holding capacity of the raw materials is maintained at 60%–75%, the pile temperature is controlled at 55℃–65℃, and the composting time is 3–5 days. The pile is covered with breathable canvas to retain water and heat. If the temperature is too high, the canvas is removed and water is added, ventilation is provided, and the temperature is lowered.

7. (2) The humic acid is a commercial product or a product prepared by ourselves.

8. (3) The method for preparing straw is as follows: the straw is harvested, dried, and shredded, and then directly crushed using a crusher. The size of the crushed straw is between 18 mesh and 400 mesh.

9. The application of the soil conditioner according to claims 1-3, characterized in that: The soil conditioner is applied as a base fertilizer by mixing it with the topsoil layer (0-20 cm). The application rate is adjusted according to soil conditions, primarily based on soil salinity: ① For soils with a salinity of >4 g / kg in the 0-20 cm topsoil layer: 500 kg / mu to 680 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer, 500 kg / mu to 680 kg / mu of humic acid, and 2000 kg / mu to 2600 kg / mu of straw; ② For soils with a salinity of 2-4 g / kg in the 0-20 cm topsoil layer: 250 kg / mu to 400 kg / mu of microbial fertilizer, 250 kg / mu to 400 kg / mu of humic acid, and 650 kg / mu to 1300 kg / mu of straw.

10. The application of the soil conditioner according to claims 1-4, characterized in that: Apply the soil amendment to the land, mix it evenly, and allow it to mature for 7-14 days.

11. The soils mentioned in claims 1-5 include, but are not limited to, saline soil, alkaline soil, saline-alkali soil, and coastal dredged soil.