Novel guar gum-based dust suppressant for controlling flying dust of surface soil

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel guar gum-based dust suppressant for surface soil dust raising control, which is characterized in that natural biopolymer guar gum is used as a main component, carboxymethyl guar gum is prepared through modification, the water solubility of the carboxymethyl guar gum is improved, acrylamide is introduced into macromolecules through graft polymerization, and alkyl glycoside is added as a wetting aid. After the dust suppressant is sprayed on the soil, the dust suppressant covers the surface of the soil and can quickly form a film, dust is adsorbed and complexed through the effects of wetting, bonding and the like, and fine stacking powder easy to raise dust is bonded and agglomerated into particles which are large in particle size and not easy to raise dust, so that raise dust caused by external force disturbance is reduced, and the purpose of dust suppression is fundamentally achieved; the defects of low dust suppression efficiency, poor water retention effect and the like of a conventional product are overcome, and the dust suppressant is easy to degrade in the natural environment and does not cause secondary pollution to the soil environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a novel guar gum-based dust suppressant for controlling surface soil dust. Background Technology

[0002] Dust pollution releases large amounts of particulate matter into the atmosphere, impacting local economic and social development and posing serious threats to human health. Dust pollution primarily originates from roads, bare soil, construction sites, and storage yards, with bare soil considered a significant component of dust and a major source of PM10 and PM2.5. PM10 and PM2.5 are key indicators of air pollution, and numerous studies have shown their negative impacts on mortality and morbidity from cardiopulmonary diseases, as well as mortality rates from circulatory system disorders and cancer. Furthermore, wind erosion of exposed soil leads to the loss of nutrient-rich fine particles, resulting in decreased soil fertility and crop yields, and negatively impacting downwind ecosystems thousands of kilometers away. Therefore, effective management of soil dust is essential.

[0003] Traditional methods for controlling soil dust primarily involve vegetation, watering, and dust suppressants. While vegetation is considered an environmentally friendly method for preventing soil dust, its effectiveness can be limited by factors such as soil type, climate conditions, labor resources, and the lack of protection for farmland during the off-season. Furthermore, watering is limited by excessive water consumption and its applicability in cold weather. Dust netting, due to its mesh size being much larger than dust particles, offers limited dust suppression, and the quality of dust netting on the market varies greatly, with volatile organic compounds easily generated during its manufacturing process. Chemical dust suppressants are considered an effective means of controlling dust pollution. Unfortunately, some traditional chemical dust suppressants are limited in practical application due to low efficiency, high cost, and potential environmental threats. Moreover, their application in soil places higher demands on the environmental friendliness of dust suppressants. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem this invention aims to solve is to address the shortcomings of existing dust suppressants and the deficiencies of existing dust suppression technologies by preparing a polymeric dust suppressant through grafting acrylamide onto carboxymethyl guar gum. This solves the problems of high cost, toxicity, poor degradation, and environmental unfriendliness of existing chemical dust suppressants, and meets the current requirements of my country for dust suppressants that are safe, environmentally friendly, low-cost, and prepared using biological materials.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes the following technical solution:

[0006] First, in a four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, 2 g of carboxymethyl guar gum was added to 100 ml of distilled water and stirred at 25 °C under nitrogen protection until completely dissolved. Next, a selected acrylamide (AM) and crosslinking agent were added to the solution through a separatory funnel, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes at a constant temperature. Then, an initiator was added to the four-necked flask, and the mixture was reacted at a specific temperature for several hours to obtain the grafted product CMGG-AM. The grafted product was precipitated in an 83.3% methanol aqueous solution, and the solid was obtained by vacuum filtration. The grafted product was washed three times with ethanol to remove unreacted AM, KPS MBA, and homopolymer. The graft copolymer was dried in a vacuum desiccator and then pulverized using a grinder.

[0007] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the degree of substitution of carboxymethyl guar gum is 0.5-1.

[0008] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of acrylamide (AM) added is characterized in that the amount of acrylamide added is 1-10g, dissolved in 50ml of distilled water.

[0009] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the crosslinking agent is characterized in that the crosslinking agent is N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and the dosage is 0.03-0.18g, dissolved in 50ml of distilled water.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the initiator is characterized in that the initiator is potassium persulfate (KPS), and the dosage is 0.05-0.30g.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reaction time is characterized by being 2-4 hours.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reaction temperature is characterized in that the reaction temperature is 50-80℃.

[0013] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application method is simple: the dust suppressant is dissolved and sprayed onto the soil surface.

[0014] Technical features and advantages of the present invention:

[0015] 1. This invention uses carboxymethyl guar gum grafted with acrylamide as the main component. When applied to the soil surface, it rapidly forms a film. Through bonding and agglomeration, it adsorbs and complexes dust, binding and agglomerating fine, easily dusty material into larger, less easily dispersed particles, thus reducing dust generated by external disturbances. Simultaneously, the polymer has excellent water retention properties, keeping moisture on the soil dust surface and increasing the weight of the dust, fundamentally achieving dust suppression. This overcomes the shortcomings of previous products, such as low dust suppression efficiency, poor water retention, and poor environmental performance. Under wind erosion of 15 m / s, the dust suppression rate can approach 90% or more. In high-temperature environments, the moisture retention time is twice that of applying water. The degradation rate of the dust suppressant in the soil exceeds 50% after 60 days. This invention uses natural polymer materials, is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, is easy to apply, can be used in various scenarios, has high dust suppression efficiency, long dust suppression effect, is environmentally friendly, and causes no secondary pollution.

[0016] Viscosity was measured using an SNB-AI rotational viscometer (Shanghai Jingtian Electronic Instruments Co., Ltd., China) for a 0.5% (w / w) CMG-AM solution.

[0017] The specific measurement steps for hardness testing are as follows: The dust suppressant and dust are mixed in a petri dish (90 mm), and the mixture is allowed to dry for 2 days to form a dried dust sample. The hardness of the dust sample is determined using a Shore A hardness tester (HBO Instruments, China). Each sample is measured three times, and the average value is taken.

[0018] The dust suppression rate was determined by a wind erosion resistance test. A 40g dust sample was prepared and placed in a 90mm diameter petri dish. 10g of dust suppressant was evenly sprayed onto the dry dust sample surface. After complete penetration and drying, its weight was measured and recorded as N1. We then conducted a wind erosion resistance test on the sample. A blower was used to simulate natural wind, placing the sample in a wind speed of 11m / s and continuously blowing it over a short distance for 40 minutes. After the wind blowing, the mass of the dust pile and the petri dish was weighed (N2), and the wind erosion resistance rate was calculated according to the following formula (1). The average value of three samples in each group was taken.

[0019] Wind erosion resistance:

[0020] In the formula, M is the total mass of the dust sample, in g; N1 is the total mass before wind erosion, in g; and N2 is the total mass after wind erosion.

[0021] To assess degradation, the dust suppressant was sprayed onto a glass dish and then dried in a vacuum oven at 60°C to form a solid film. The weighed dust suppressant film was then placed in a tea bag and buried in the soil for 12 cycles (5 days per cycle) of degradation. After each cycle, the dust suppressant film was extracted, and its degradation rate was calculated according to formula (2).

[0022]

[0023] Where D is the dust suppression film degradation rate (%); M0 is the initial film mass (g); and M1 is the degraded film mass (g).

[0024] To determine the water retention rate, 40 grams of soil dust were first placed in a 90 mm petri dish, and then 10 grams of dust suppressant solution were evenly sprayed into each dish. After the surface of the soil dust was completely moistened, the petri dishes were placed in a 40°C oven to simulate a high-temperature environment, and the time required for complete evaporation of the water was calculated. Specific Implementation

[0025] 1. The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, so that the present invention can be more easily understood and mastered, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0026] 2. Example

[0027] First, in a four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, 2g of carboxymethyl guar gum was added to 100ml of distilled water and stirred at 25°C under nitrogen protection until completely dissolved. Next, 6g of AM and 0.06g of MBA were added to the solution through a separatory funnel, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes at a constant temperature. Then, 0.2g of KPS potassium persulfate was added to the four-necked flask, and the mixture was reacted at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain the grafted product CMGG-AM. The grafted product was precipitated in an 83.3% methanol aqueous solution, and the solid was obtained by vacuum filtration. The grafted product was washed three times with ethanol to remove unreacted AM, KPS, MBA, and homopolymer. The graft copolymer was dried in a vacuum desiccator and then pulverized using a grinder.

[0028]

Claims

1. A guar gum-based soil dust suppressant, composed of 1%-5% carboxymethyl guar gum grafted acrylamide (CMGG-AM).

2. The guar gum-based soil dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carboxymethyl guar gum-grafted acrylamide (CMGG-AM) is prepared by the following method: First, in a four-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, 2 g of carboxymethyl guar gum was added to 100 ml of distilled water and stirred at 25 °C under nitrogen protection until completely dissolved. Next, a selected acrylamide (AM) and crosslinking agent were added to the solution through a separatory funnel, and the mixture was stirred for 10 minutes at a constant temperature. Then, an initiator was added to the four-necked flask, and the reaction was allowed to proceed for several hours to obtain the grafted product CMGG-AM. The grafted product was precipitated in an 83.3% methanol aqueous solution, and the solid was obtained by vacuum filtration. The grafted product was washed three times with ethanol to remove unreacted AM, KPS MBA, and homopolymer. The graft copolymer was dried in a vacuum desiccator and then pulverized using a grinder.

3. The guar gum-based soil dust suppressant according to claim 1, characterized in that, Its features are, The degree of substitution of carboxymethyl guar gum is 0.5-1.

4. The guar gum-based soil dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The acrylamide (AM) dosage is characterized in that the amount of acrylamide added is 1-10g, dissolved in 50ml of distilled water.

5. The guar gum-based soil dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The crosslinking agent is N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), and the dosage is 0.03-0.18g, dissolved in 50ml of distilled water.

6. The guar gum-based soil dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The initiator is potassium persulfate (KPS), and the dosage is 0.05-0.30g.

7. The guar gum-based soil dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reaction time is characterized in that it is 2-4 hours.

8. The guar gum-based soil dust suppressant according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reaction temperature is characterized as 50-80℃.

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