A general-purpose milling birmingham hardness tester for small and medium parts

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of hardness detection, and discloses a general milling Brinell hardness tester for middle and small parts, which comprises a gantry frame, a transverse sliding plate component, a milling component, a hardness test component and an image acquisition component which are sequentially arranged on the transverse sliding plate component, the milling component is used for milling the surface of a workpiece to be measured, the hardness test component is provided with a test ball indenter at the bottom for Brinell hardness testing, and a hydraulic clamping component is arranged on the gantry frame and comprises a supporting seat fixed on the gantry frame, a fixed jaw body arranged on one side of the supporting seat and a movable jaw body arranged on the other side of the supporting seat, a base is fixed to the opposite side of each of the fixed jaw body and the movable jaw body, and a clamping unit is arranged on the inner side of the base. The clamping unit composed of multiple groups of clamping blocks capable of independently moving can be adaptively attached according to the irregular contour of the workpiece, and the problem of poor adaptability of the traditional rigid jaw to the clamping of complex middle and small parts is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of hardness testing technology, and in particular to a general-purpose Brinell hardness tester for milling small and medium-sized parts. Background Technology

[0002] Metal hardness represents a material's ability to resist indentation by a hard object. It is an important performance indicator of metallic materials. Brinell hardness measurement is one of the most widely used hardness testing methods. It involves pressing a hard indenter (usually a sphere) of a certain diameter into the surface of the sample under a specified test force, holding it for a specific time, and then unloading it. The diameter of the indentation is measured and the hardness value is calculated. To ensure the accuracy and comparability of the test results, the standard test method stipulates that before testing, the oxide layer, decarburized layer, work-hardened layer, or other defects on the surface to be tested must be removed to prepare a test plane that is of sufficient size, flat and smooth, and can represent the material's intrinsic properties.

[0003] In practice, the commonly used removal method is high-speed milling. However, the depth of surface removal is limited to a shallow range of 0.5 to 1 mm due to the rigidity of the workpiece itself and the subsequent machining allowance. For precision parts, it is even required to control it to a micro level of about 0.2 mm. In addition, among the multiple test forces available in the Brinell hardness test, in order to reduce the influence of indentation measurement error on the final result calculation, a larger test force is preferred. For example, the most commonly used combination is to use a 10 mm diameter carbide ball indenter in conjunction with a test load of 3000 kg.

[0004] Based on the aforementioned process characteristics, to meet the requirements of efficient milling and accurate testing, the clamping equipment for the workpiece under test must provide sufficient clamping force to resist the cutting force generated by high-speed milling and the large test force applied during hardness testing. At the same time, it must be able to control the height of the workpiece surface to be tested to meet the needs of controllable micro-milling. However, in actual production environments, especially when facing the testing needs of multi-variety, small-batch parts, due to the large differences in the shape, size and structure of the parts, it is necessary to configure corresponding special clamping fixtures for different types of parts. However, the limited production scale of parts will lead to a surge in initial investment costs and a prolonged production preparation cycle, resulting in low overall efficiency. Therefore, in small-batch hardness testing, manual grinding and manual support testing methods are commonly used. However, manual grinding is difficult to guarantee uniformity of removal and surface flatness, and is prone to over-cutting, which will affect the function of the workpiece or subsequent processing. At the same time, manual support cannot fix the height of the workpiece, making it impossible to control the milling depth and test position, thus affecting the consistency of test results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a general-purpose milling Brinell hardness tester for small and medium-sized parts, in order to solve the problems of unstable clamping, inaccurate positioning, and difficulty in height control that exist in the milling of surfaces and testing of multi-variety, small-batch parts before hardness testing, as mentioned in the background art.

[0006] This invention provides a general-purpose Brinell hardness tester for milling small and medium-sized parts, employing the following technical solution:

[0007] A general-purpose Brinell hardness tester for milling small and medium-sized parts, comprising:

[0008] Gantry rack;

[0009] The lifting beam component is slidably connected to the gantry frame via vertical rails and is driven by the lifting drive component.

[0010] A transverse slide component is mounted on a lifting beam component and can move laterally along it. A milling component, a hardness testing component, and an image acquisition component are sequentially mounted on the transverse slide component.

[0011] A hydraulic clamping component, mounted on a gantry frame, is used to clamp workpieces of different sizes. The hydraulic clamping component includes a support base fixed to the gantry frame, a fixed clamp body mounted on one side of the support base, and a movable clamp body mounted on the other side of the support base. A base is fixed to the opposite side of the fixed clamp body and the movable clamp body. A clamping unit is provided on the inner side of the base. The clamping unit includes a base detachably connected to the base and multiple sets of clamping blocks arranged at equal intervals along the inner side of the base. A long rod is connected to each set of clamping blocks. A channel for sliding insertion of the long rod is opened in the base. One end of the long rod is inserted into the channel, and a first spring is provided between the long rod and the channel.

[0012] The other end of the long rod extends to the outside of the base and is rotatably connected to the corresponding clamping block via a rotating shaft. Both ends of the rotating shaft are provided with torsion springs.

[0013] The left and right sets of clamping blocks are connected to each other and the upper and lower sets of clamping blocks are connected by elastic connecting sections;

[0014] The base is provided with a locking component, which includes a screw connected to the base by a thread, a push plate rotatably connected to one end of the screw, and multiple sets of crossbars fixed at equal intervals along the length of the push plate. Several tracks are provided on the crossbars, the number of tracks corresponding to the number of horizontally arranged long bars, and the long bars slide through the tracks one by one. Springs for clamping the long bars are symmetrically fixed in the tracks.

[0015] The height measuring component, mounted on the gantry frame, is used to measure the height of the surface to be measured on the clamped workpiece.

[0016] Furthermore, the milling component is used to mill the surface of the workpiece to be tested, the hardness testing component is provided with a test ball indenter at the bottom for performing Brinell hardness testing, and the image acquisition component is used to image the indentation generated after the test.

[0017] Furthermore, the base is provided with a slot for the push plate and crossbar to slide, and the slot is connected to the track.

[0018] Furthermore, the hydraulic clamping component also includes a third nut fixed to the movable clamp body and a third screw threadedly engaged with the third nut. A cylinder is mounted on the support base, and a piston is disposed inside the cylinder. The piston is rotatably connected to the third screw, and a handwheel is fixed to one end of the third screw.

[0019] Furthermore, a shim unit is provided between the two sets of clamping units. The shim unit includes a first shim and a second shim that slide in contact with the inner side of the base. The opposite sides of the first shim and the second shim are connected by a meshing sawtooth structure to achieve relative sliding between them. A sliding rod is symmetrically fixed on the second shim, and the other end of the sliding rod slides through the bottom of the first shim. A second spring is provided on the sliding rod. A shaft is symmetrically connected on the first shim, and the shaft is provided with a threaded structure. The bottom of the shaft is rotatably connected to the support base. The two sets of shafts are connected by a second transmission component. A worm gear is fixed to the bottom of one set of shafts, and a worm is meshed on one side of the worm gear. The worm is rotatably connected to the support base.

[0020] Furthermore, the height measuring component includes a support, a trapezoidal lead screw that slides vertically in the guide hole of the support, and a collar threaded onto the trapezoidal lead screw and rotatably connected to the support. The trapezoidal lead screw is slidably connected in the guide hole of the support through a guide block.

[0021] The upper part of the trapezoidal lead screw is rotatably equipped with a rotating sleeve, and a height measuring scale is fixed on the outside of the rotating sleeve. A reference worktable is installed on the top of the rotating sleeve, and the bottom surface of the protruding part of the height measuring scale is at the same height as the upper surface of the reference worktable.

[0022] Furthermore, the lifting beam component includes a beam plate, the rear planes at both ends of the beam plate are slidably connected to the vertical rails, the front end of the beam plate is symmetrically provided with transverse rails, and the bottom of the beam plate is fixed with a pressure plate, the pressure plate is provided with two pressure points corresponding to the workpiece clamping position and the reference worktable position respectively.

[0023] The lifting drive component includes a first lead screw, a first lead screw nut, and a hydraulic cylinder. A geared motor is installed on the gantry frame. The output end of the geared motor drives the first lead screw nut to rotate through a first transmission component, thereby driving the first lead screw to move up and down. The bottom end of the first lead screw is connected to the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the crossbeam plate.

[0024] Furthermore, the transverse slide component includes a base plate, and the rear side of the base plate is symmetrically provided with a linear rail slider that slides in cooperation with the transverse linear rail. The base plate is driven by a transverse drive component.

[0025] The lateral drive component includes a servo motor, a second lead screw driven by the servo motor, and a second lead screw nut that cooperates with the second lead screw and is connected to the base plate.

[0026] Furthermore, the milling component includes a movable plate, a power motor mounted on the movable plate, and a milling head fixed to the output end of the power motor. The movable plate is slidably mounted on the base plate and connected by a hydraulic drive component, which controls the up and down movement of the milling component.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0028] 1. By setting up a clamping unit and a locking component, the clamping unit, composed of multiple independently movable clamping blocks, can adaptively fit the irregular contour of the workpiece, solving the problem of poor adaptability of traditional rigid jaws for clamping complex small and medium-sized parts. The clamping blocks swing through a rotating shaft and torsion spring, and the clamping force is more evenly distributed through an elastic connecting section, avoiding workpiece damage. Furthermore, the locking component's screw drives the crossbar, and the spring in its track rigidly locks the clamping block drive rod, effectively resisting the cutting force and test force generated during subsequent milling and hardness testing, thereby preventing workpiece loosening or displacement.

[0029] 2. By integrating the milling head component, hardness testing component, and image acquisition component onto a laterally movable slide component, and cooperating with the hydraulic clamping component and the lifting beam component, continuous automated operation of surface preparation, indentation generation, and image acquisition can be achieved after a workpiece is clamped once, which greatly improves the inspection efficiency and consistency. Furthermore, by using the clamping plate to directly press the workpiece surface, or to press the reference worktable of the height measuring component that is already at the same height as the workpiece surface, the milling depth can be directly and stably controlled, overcoming the height measurement error caused by factors such as workpiece material and oxide scale. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the crossbeam plate of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the base plate, movable plate, hardness testing component, and image acquisition component of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4This is a side view of the cross-sectional structure of the support, trapezoidal lead screw, guide block, collar, rotating sleeve, height measuring ruler and reference workbench of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a front view of the cross-sectional structure of the support base, fixed clamp body, movable clamp body, base and clamping unit of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the three-dimensional structure of the height measuring ruler of the present invention under compression.

[0036] Figure 7 This is an exploded three-dimensional structural diagram of the base and clamping unit of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the base and locking component of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a front view cross-sectional diagram of the base of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10 This is an exploded three-dimensional structural diagram of the clamping block, long rod, and rotating shaft of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the base, screw, push plate, and crossbar of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a partial three-dimensional structural diagram of the crossbar of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 13 This is a top view of the three-dimensional structure of the first and second shims of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 14 This is a bottom view of the three-dimensional structure of the first and second shims of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 15 This is a side view cross-sectional diagram of the support base, base, and shaft of the present invention.

[0045] In the picture:

[0046] 1. Gantry frame; 11. Vertical linear rail; 2. Lifting beam assembly; 21. Beam plate; 22. Horizontal linear rail; 23. Pressure plate; 3. Horizontal slide assembly; 31. Base plate; 32. Linear rail slider; 4. Lifting drive assembly; 41. First lead screw; 42. First lead screw nut; 43. Hydraulic cylinder; 44. Gear motor; 45. First transmission component; 5. Horizontal drive assembly; 51. Servo motor; 52. Second lead screw; 53. Second lead screw nut; 6. Height measuring assembly; 61. Support; 62. Trapezoidal lead screw; 63. Guide block; 64. Collar; 65. Rotating sleeve; 66. Height measuring ruler; 67. Reference worktable; 7. Hydraulic clamping assembly; 71. Support base; 72. Fixed clamp body; 73. Movable clamp body; 74. Base; 75. Clamping unit; 751. Base; 752. Clamping block; 753. Long rod; 754, channel; 755, first spring; 756, pivot; 757, torsion spring; 758, elastic connecting section; 76, locking element; 761, screw; 762, push plate; 763, crossbar; 764, track; 765, spring; 766, slot; 77, third lead screw nut; 78, third lead screw; 79, handwheel; 710, cylinder; 711, piston; 712, raising unit; 71 21. First shim; 7122. Second shim; 7123. Slide rod; 7124. Second spring; 7125. Shaft; 7126. Second transmission component; 7127. Worm gear; 7128. Worm; 8. Milling component; 81. Moving plate; 82. Power motor; 83. Milling head; 9. Hydraulic drive component; 10. Hardness testing component; 101. Test ball indenter; 20. Image acquisition component. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] Reference Figures 1-2 This invention provides a general-purpose milling Brinell hardness tester for small and medium-sized parts, including a gantry frame 1, on which a lifting beam component 2 is slidably connected. This connection is achieved through a vertical rail 11, which is symmetrically fixed on the gantry frame 1, so that the lifting beam component 2 can move smoothly in the vertical direction. The movement of the lifting beam component 2 is driven by a lifting drive component 4 to control its positioning in the vertical direction.

[0049] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 The lifting beam component 2 includes a beam plate 21. The rear planes at both ends of the beam plate 21 are slidably connected to the vertical rails 11 to ensure its smooth lifting on the gantry frame 1. The front end of the beam plate 21 is symmetrically provided with transverse rails 22, and the bottom of the beam plate 21 is fixed with a pressure plate 23.

[0050] The lifting drive component 4 includes a first lead screw 41, a first lead screw nut 42, and a hydraulic cylinder 43. A geared motor 44 is installed on the gantry frame 1. The output end of the geared motor 44 drives the first lead screw nut 42 to rotate through the first transmission component 45, thereby driving the first lead screw 41 to move up and down. The bottom end of the first lead screw 41 is connected to the hydraulic cylinder 43, and the hydraulic cylinder 43 is connected to the crossbeam plate 21. The geared motor 44 drives the first lead screw 41 and the first lead screw nut 42 to perform large-stroke lifting and lowering, so that the crossbeam plate 21 is roughly positioned above the workpiece. The hydraulic cylinder 43 provides a controllable clamping force, so that the clamping plate 23 clamps the workpiece.

[0051] Reference Figures 1-3 The lifting beam component 2 is equipped with a transverse slide component 3, which can move laterally along the lifting beam component 2. The transverse slide component 3 is sequentially equipped with a milling component 8, a hardness testing component 10, and an image acquisition component 20. Specifically, the milling component 8 is used to mill the surface of the workpiece to be tested to obtain a flat and smooth test surface, eliminating the error caused by the irregularity of the original surface. The hardness testing component 10 is equipped with a test ball indenter 101 at the bottom for performing Brinell hardness testing. The image acquisition component 20 is used to image the indentation generated after the test, thereby calculating the Brinell hardness value. This allows the milling, testing, and imaging operations to be completed continuously on the same platform, reducing the handling and repositioning of the workpiece and improving the automation and efficiency of the test. It should be noted that the hardness testing component 10 and the image acquisition component 20 can be telescopic.

[0052] Specifically, the transverse slide component 3 includes a base plate 31. Symmetrically arranged on the rear side of the base plate 31 are linear guide sliders 32 that slide in cooperation with the transverse linear guide 22. The cooperation between the linear guide sliders 32 and the transverse linear guide 22 on the crossbeam plate 21 ensures the stability of the transverse slide component 3 during transverse movement. The base plate 31 is driven by a transverse drive component 5, which includes a servo motor 51, a second lead screw 52 driven by the servo motor 51, and a second lead screw nut 53 that cooperates with the second lead screw 52 and is connected to the base plate 31. The servo motor 51 provides rotational power, and through the threaded transmission between the second lead screw 52 and the second lead screw nut 53, the rotational motion is converted into linear transverse movement of the base plate 31, enabling the transverse slide component 3 to move the milling component 8, the hardness testing component 10, and the image acquisition component 20 to the designated position on the workpiece, thereby realizing milling and testing operations.

[0053] Specifically, the milling component 8 includes a movable plate 81, a power motor 82 mounted on the movable plate 81, and a milling head 83 fixed to the output end of the power motor 82. The power motor 82 drives the milling head 83 to rotate at high speed to achieve efficient milling of the workpiece surface. The movable plate 81 is slidably mounted on the base plate 31 and connected by a hydraulic drive component 9. The hydraulic drive component 9 is mounted on the base plate 31 and controls the milling component 8 to move up and down. The hydraulic drive component 9 can be a hydraulic cylinder to provide controllable vertical feed motion to control the milling depth and ensure a uniform and flat test surface is obtained.

[0054] Reference Figures 4-9 The gantry frame 1 is also equipped with a hydraulic clamping component 7 for clamping workpieces of different sizes. Specifically, the hydraulic clamping component 7 includes a support base 71 fixed on the gantry frame 1, a fixed clamping body 72 installed on one side of the support base 71, and a movable clamping body 73 located on the other side of the support base 71. A base 74 is fixed to the opposite side of both the fixed clamping body 72 and the movable clamping body 73. A clamping unit 75 is provided inside the base 74. The clamping unit 75 includes a base 751 detachably connected to the base 74 and multiple sets of clamping blocks 7 arranged at equal intervals along the inner side of the base 751. 52. Each set of clamping blocks 752 is connected to a long rod 753. The base 751 has a channel 754 for the long rod 753 to slide into. One end of the long rod 753 is inserted into the channel 754, and a first spring 755 is provided between the long rod 753 and the channel 754. The two ends of the first spring 755 are fixed to one end of the long rod 753 and the channel 754, respectively. Multiple sets of clamping blocks 752 can adaptively adjust according to the external shape of the workpiece to be measured, thereby greatly enhancing the universal clamping capability for irregular shapes and various small and medium-sized parts, avoiding the cost and inconvenience of traditional special fixtures.

[0055] It is worth noting that, referring to Figures 9-10 The other end of the long rod 753 extends to the outside of the base 751 and is rotatably connected to the corresponding clamping block 752 via a rotating shaft 756. Both ends of the rotating shaft 756 are provided with torsion springs 757, and the two ends of the torsion springs 757 are fixed to the clamping block 752 and the long rod 753 respectively, so that the clamping block 752 can not only slide along the long rod 753, but also rotate around the rotating shaft 756 at a certain angle, further enhancing the fit of the clamping block 752 to the surface of irregular workpieces. The function of the torsion springs 757 is to keep the clamping block 752 at its original angle when it is not under force, ensuring that it can optimize the fit posture when clamping the workpiece.

[0056] Among them, reference Figure 8The left and right clamping blocks 752 and the upper and lower clamping blocks 752 are connected by elastic connecting sections 758. The elastic connecting sections 758 can be made of rubber. The elastic connecting sections 758 allow relative displacement and angle adjustment between adjacent clamping blocks 752, which further improves the adaptability of the clamping unit 75 to complex workpiece contours and the ability to distribute clamping force evenly.

[0057] Furthermore, referring to Figure 8 and Figures 11-12 The base 751 is equipped with a locking element 76, which is used to lock the clamping block 752 after the workpiece is clamped, preventing the workpiece from shifting during milling and hardness testing. The locking element 76 includes a screw 761 threadedly connected to the base 751, a push plate 762 rotatably connected to one end of the screw 761, and multiple sets of crossbars 763 equidistantly fixed along the length of the push plate 762. Several tracks 764 are provided on the crossbars 763, the number of which corresponds to the number of transversely arranged long bars 753, and the long bars 753 slide through the tracks 764 one by one. The device is equipped with a spring 765 for clamping the long rod 753. When the push plate 762 is moved by the screw 761, the spring 765 on the crossbar 763 will act on the long rod 753 to clamp it, thereby locking the position of the clamping block 752. The locking element 76 provides additional clamping stability, ensuring that the position of the workpiece remains unchanged when subjected to milling force and test force, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of processing and testing. It should be noted that the base 751 is also provided with a slot 766 for the push plate 762 and the crossbar 763 to slide, and the slot 766 is connected to the track 764.

[0058] Reference Figures 5-6 The hydraulic clamping component 7 also includes a third nut 77 fixed to the movable clamp body 73 and a third screw 78 threadedly engaged with the third nut 77. A cylinder 710 is mounted on the support base 71, and a piston 711 is provided inside the cylinder 710. The piston 711 is rotatably connected to the third screw 78. The third screw 78 is rotatably connected to the piston 711 and is hydraulically driven by the piston 711 to move the movable clamp body 73 to accommodate workpieces of different sizes. A handwheel 79 is fixed to one end of the third screw 78, allowing the operator to manually adjust the distance between the fixed clamp body 72 and the movable clamp body 73, improving the flexibility and convenience of operation. The cylinder 710 and piston 711 are used to provide hydraulic clamping force, which can effectively resist the reaction force during milling and hardness testing, ensuring stable and reliable clamping of the workpiece.

[0059] Workpiece clamping method: When the workpiece is small and the clamping plate 23 at the bottom of the lifting beam component 2 does not have enough clamping area, the workpiece clamping is entirely accomplished by the hydraulic clamping component 7. The hydraulic clamping component 7 is provided with strong clamping force by the cylinder 710 and piston 711 to ensure the stability of small workpieces during milling and testing. When the workpiece is slightly larger and can be clamped by the clamping plate 23 at the bottom of the lifting beam component 2, the beam clamping plate 23 can be used for main clamping. At the same time, the hydraulic clamping component 7 can be used as auxiliary clamping to work together to complete the stable clamping of the workpiece.

[0060] Furthermore, refer to Figure 5 and Figures 13-15 A shim unit 712 is provided between the two sets of clamping units 75. The shim unit 712 includes a first shim 7121 and a second shim 7122 that slide in contact with the inner side of the base 751. The opposite sides of the first shim 7121 and the second shim 7122 are connected by an interlocking sawtooth structure to achieve relative sliding between them. This allows the first shim 7121 and the second shim 7122 to effectively adapt to changes in the distance between the two sets of bases 751. A slide rod 7123 is symmetrically fixed on the second shim 7122. The other end of the slide rod 7123 slides through the bottom of the first shim 7121. A second spring 7124 is provided on the slide rod 7123. The two ends of the second spring 7124 are respectively fixed on the first shim 7121 and the second shim 7122. A shaft 7125 is symmetrically connected to a shim 7121. The shaft 7125 has a threaded structure and is threaded to the first shim 7121. The threaded connection allows the rotation of the shaft 7125 to be directly converted into the vertical displacement of the first shim 7121 and the second shim 7122, thus achieving height adjustment. The bottom of the shaft 7125 is rotatably connected to the support base 71 via a bearing. The two sets of shafts 7125 are connected by a second transmission component 7126. The second transmission component 7126 can be a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt, ensuring the synchronous rotation of the shafts 7125 on both sides. This ensures the synchronous adjustment of the height of the first shim 7121 and the second shim 7122, preventing tilting during adjustment and maintaining the horizontality of the workpiece support surface.

[0061] One set of shafts 7125 has a worm gear 7127 fixed to its bottom. A worm 7128 is meshed on one side of the worm gear 7127. The worm 7128 is rotatably connected to the support base 71 through a bearing. By rotating the worm 7128, the worm gear 7127 is driven to rotate, which in turn drives the shaft 7125 to rotate, causing the first shim 7121 and the second shim 7122 to rise and fall. This achieves height adjustment of the shim unit 712, further improving its versatility for workpieces of different sizes. In particular, for workpieces that need to be supported or adjusted at a specific height, such as irregularly shaped workpieces with protrusions or depressions, the shim unit 712 can provide flexible auxiliary support to ensure the overall stability of the workpiece.

[0062] In addition, refer to Figures 4-6 The gantry frame 1 is also equipped with a height measuring component 6, which is used to measure the height of the surface to be measured of the clamped workpiece. This provides a reference for subsequent milling depth control and hardness testing positioning, ensuring the accuracy of milling and testing. The height measuring component 6 includes a support 61, a trapezoidal lead screw 62 that slides vertically in the guide hole of the support 61, and a collar 64 that is threaded onto the trapezoidal lead screw 62 and rotatably connected to the support 61. The trapezoidal lead screw 62 is slidably connected in the guide hole of the support 61 through a guide block 63 to ensure its vertical movement. A rotating sleeve 65 is rotatably mounted on the upper part of the trapezoidal lead screw 62 through a bearing. The rotating sleeve 65 can rotate circumferentially along the upper part of the trapezoidal lead screw 62 and can also move vertically with the trapezoidal lead screw 62. The rotating sleeve 65 is fixed with a height measuring ruler 66, and a reference worktable 67 is installed on the top of the rotating sleeve 65. The bottom surface of the protruding part of the height measuring ruler 66 is at the same height as the upper surface of the reference worktable 67. The trapezoidal screw 62 is driven to rise and fall to a suitable height by rotating the collar 64, thereby synchronously driving the height measuring ruler 66 and the reference worktable 67 to move. Rotating the rotating sleeve 65 makes the lower surface of the protruding part of the height measuring ruler 66 contact the surface of the workpiece to be measured. At this time, the upper surface of the reference worktable 67 is the actual height of the workpiece to be measured, so that the actual height of the workpiece surface to be measured can be accurately measured. Moreover, by rotating the rotating sleeve 65, the height measuring ruler 66 can be pressed against the edge of the workpiece, thereby avoiding the measurement area.

[0063] The clamping plate 23 is provided with two clamping points corresponding to the workpiece clamping position and the reference worktable 67 position, respectively. The clamping points are used to directly clamp the workpiece under certain conditions or indirectly determine the relative height of the workpiece by clamping the reference worktable 67 of the height measuring component 6, so as to realize the positioning and locking of the workpiece position.

[0064] Determining the actual height of the workpiece surface to be measured: To control the milling quality and depth of the workpiece surface, it is necessary to accurately measure the actual height of the workpiece surface to be measured. Since the original position of the milling component 8 on the transverse slide component 3 is relatively fixed relative to the position of the clamping plate 23 of the lifting beam component 2, determining the accurate relative position of the clamping plate 23 and the workpiece surface to be measured is equivalent to determining the actual height of the workpiece surface to be measured.

[0065] When the workpiece size allows, the front clamping point of the clamping plate 23 at the bottom of the lifting beam component 2 directly contacts the workpiece surface and clamps the workpiece. At this time, the relative position of the clamping plate 23 and the workpiece surface is determined. Therefore, the bottom surface of the clamping plate 23 can be used as a reference to control the milling depth of the milling component 8.

[0066] When the workpiece is too small to allow the clamping plate 23 to directly contact the workpiece surface, the height measuring component 6 is used to determine the workpiece height. During operation, the collar 64 is rotated to raise the trapezoidal lead screw 62, causing the lower end face of the extended part of the height measuring ruler 66 to contact the upper surface of the workpiece to be measured. At this time, the height of the upper end face of the reference worktable 67 of the height measuring component 6 represents the actual height of the workpiece to be measured. Subsequently, the lifting beam component 2 descends, causing the rear clamping point on its clamping plate 23 to press against the reference worktable 67 of the height measuring component 6. The milling depth of the component 8 is milled by using the upper end face of the reference worktable 67 as the height reference.

[0067] This invention provides a working principle for a general-purpose milling Brinell hardness tester for small and medium-sized parts: First, the operator adjusts the distance between the movable clamp body 73 and the fixed clamp body 72 by rotating the handwheel 79, which drives the third lead screw 78, to roughly adapt to the workpiece size, based on the size and shape of the workpiece. Then, the piston 711 in the cylinder 710 provides hydraulic driving force, causing the movable clamp body 73 to move and clamp the workpiece through the clamping unit 75. Multiple clamping blocks 752 achieve adaptive adjustment via a long rod 753 and a first spring 755, achieving multi-point contact according to the complex external contour of the workpiece. Simultaneously, the clamping blocks 752 are rotatably connected to the long rod 753 via a rotating shaft 756 and a torsion spring 757, further enhancing... To ensure a good fit to irregular surfaces, once the workpiece is clamped in place, the screw 761 drives the push plate 762, and the spring 765 on the crossbar 763 clamps the long rod 753, thereby locking the position of the multiple sets of clamping blocks 752. In addition, for workpieces with special shapes or that need to be supported at a specific height, the serrated structure of the first shim 7121 and the second shim 7122 allows them to adapt to changes in the distance between the two sets of bases 751. Then, by controlling the rotation of the worm gear 7128, the worm wheel 7127 drives the shaft 7125 to rotate, causing the first shim 7121 and the second shim 7122 to rise and fall, thus adjusting the height of the shim unit 712.

[0068] After the workpiece is clamped, for larger workpieces with flat surfaces, the hydraulic cylinder 43 of the lifting beam component 2 can directly drive the clamping plate 23 to descend, and its front clamping point directly contacts and clamps the workpiece surface to be measured. At this time, the bottom surface of the clamping plate 23 is used as the reference height for testing. For smaller workpieces that the clamping plate 23 cannot directly contact, the height measuring component 6 is used. The operator drives the trapezoidal screw 62 to rise and fall by rotating the collar 64, so that the lower end face of the extended part of the height measuring ruler 66 contacts the workpiece surface to be measured. At this time, the upper end face of the reference worktable 67 is flush with the workpiece surface to be measured, serving as the height reference point. Subsequently, the lifting beam component 2 descends, and the rear clamping point of its clamping plate 23 clamps the reference worktable 67 of the height measuring component 6. The rising and falling of the lifting beam component 2 is controlled by the lifting drive component 4. After the workpiece is securely clamped, the horizontal... The slide component 3 moves smoothly in the horizontal direction via the transverse linear guide 22 and linear guide slider 32 mounted on the crossbeam plate 21. Its movement is controlled by the transverse drive component 5. First, the transverse slide component 3 moves to position the milling component 8 above the area to be tested. The hydraulic drive component 9 controls the moving plate 81 to move down. The milling component 8 is used to achieve controllable depth milling of the workpiece surface. After milling, the transverse slide component 3 moves to align the hardness testing component 10 with the milled surface. A preset test force is applied through the test ball indenter 101 to form a Brinell indentation within a specified time. Then, the transverse slide component 3 moves again to align the image acquisition component 20 with the indentation. The image acquisition component 20 descends to perform high-resolution imaging of the indentation and accurately measures the indentation diameter through image processing technology. Finally, the accurate Brinell hardness value is calculated.

[0069] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A universal milling Brinell hardness tester for small and medium parts, comprising a gantry frame (1), characterized in that, Also include: Lifting cross beam component (2) is connected with gantry frame (1) through vertical line rail (11) and is driven through lifting drive component (4); Transverse sliding plate component (3) is arranged on lifting cross beam component (2) and can move along it, and milling component (8), hardness test component (10) and image acquisition component (20) are sequentially arranged on the transverse sliding plate component (3); Hydraulic clamping component (7) is arranged on gantry frame (1) and is used for clamping workpieces of different sizes, and the hydraulic clamping component (7) comprises support seat (71) fixed on gantry frame (1), fixed jaw body (72) mounted on one side of support seat (71) and movable jaw body (73) arranged on the other side of support seat (71), base (74) fixed on the opposite side of fixed jaw body (72) and movable jaw body (73), clamping unit (75) arranged on the inner side of base (74), wherein the clamping unit (75) comprises base (751) detachably connected with base (74) and multiple groups of clamping blocks (752) arranged at equal intervals along the inner side of base (751), long rod (753) connected with each group of clamping blocks (752), channel (754) formed in base (751) for sliding insertion of long rod (753), and first spring (755) arranged between one end of long rod (753) and channel (754); The other end of long rod (753) extends out of base (751) and is rotatably connected with corresponding clamping block (752) through rotating shaft (756), and torsional spring (757) is arranged at both ends of rotating shaft (756); Elastic connecting section (758) is arranged between the left and right groups of clamping blocks (752) and between the upper and lower groups of clamping blocks (752); Locking member (76) is arranged in base (751), and the locking member (76) comprises screw rod (761) threadedly connected with base (751), push plate (762) rotatably connected with one end of screw rod (761) and multiple groups of cross rods (763) fixed at equal intervals along the length direction of push plate (762), a plurality of tracks (764) formed in cross rods (763), the number of tracks (764) corresponding to the number of transversely arranged long rods (753), and long rod (753) slidingly penetrating in track (764) one by one, and spring leaf (765) symmetrically fixed in track (764) for clamping long rod (753); Height measuring component (6) is arranged on gantry frame (1) and is used for measuring the height of the surface of the clamped workpiece.

2. The general-purpose milling Brinell hardness tester for small and middle parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Milling component (8) is used for milling the surface of the workpiece to be tested, hardness test component (10) is provided with test ball indenter (101) at the bottom for Brinell hardness test, and image acquisition component (20) is used for imaging the indentation generated after test.

3. The general-purpose milling Brinell hardness tester for small and middle parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (751) is further provided with a slot (766) for sliding of the push plate (762) and the cross rod (763), and the slot (766) is connected with the track (764) in a through manner.

4. The general-purpose milling Brinell hardness tester for small and middle parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic clamping component (7) further comprises a third nut (77) fixed with the movable jaw (73) and a third screw rod (78) threadedly matched with the third nut (77), and the support base (71) is provided with a cylinder body (710), the cylinder body (710) is provided with a piston (711) therein, the piston (711) is rotationally connected with the third screw rod (78), and one end of the third screw rod (78) is fixed with a hand wheel (79).

5. The general-purpose milling Brinell gauge for small and middle parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two groups of clamping units (75) are provided with a height-raising unit (712), the height-raising unit (712) comprises a first pad iron (7121) and a second pad iron (7122) in sliding contact with the inner side of the base (751), the first pad iron (7121) and the second pad iron (7122) are connected on the opposite sides by intermeshing sawtooth structures to realize relative sliding between the two, the second pad iron (7122) is symmetrically provided with a sliding rod (7123) thereon, the other end of the sliding rod (7123) is slidably penetrated through the bottom of the first pad iron (7121), the sliding rod (7123) is provided with a second spring (7124), the first pad iron (7121) is symmetrically connected with a shaft rod (7125), the shaft rod (7125) is provided with a threaded structure, the bottom of the shaft rod (7125) is rotationally connected with the support base (71), the two groups of shaft rods (7125) are drivingly connected by a second transmission member (7126), and the bottom of one group of shaft rods (7125) is fixed with a worm wheel (7127), one side of the worm wheel (7127) is engaged with a worm (7128), and the worm (7128) is rotationally connected with the support base (71).

6. The general-purpose milling Brinell gauge for small and middle parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height measuring component (6) comprises a support base (61), a trapezoidal screw rod (62) vertically sliding in a guide hole of the support base (61), and a sleeve ring (64) threadedly sleeved on the trapezoidal screw rod (62) and rotationally connected with the support base (61), and the trapezoidal screw rod (62) is slidingly connected in the guide hole of the support base (61) through a guide block (63); A rotating sleeve (65) is rotationally arranged on the upper portion of the trapezoidal screw rod (62), a height measuring scale (66) is fixed on the outer portion of the rotating sleeve (65), a reference workbench (67) is arranged on the top portion of the rotating sleeve (65), and the bottom surface of the height measuring scale (66) is flush with the upper end surface of the reference workbench (67).

7. The general-purpose milling Brinell gauge for small and middle parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting cross beam component (2) comprises a cross beam plate (21), the rear planes at the two ends of the cross beam plate (21) are slidingly connected with vertical linear rails (11), the front end of the cross beam plate (21) is symmetrically provided with transverse linear rails (22), the bottom of the cross beam plate (21) is fixed with a pressing plate (23), and the pressing plate (23) is provided with two pressing points corresponding to the workpiece clamping position and the reference workbench (67) position respectively. The lifting drive component (4) includes a first lead screw (41), a first lead screw nut (42) and a hydraulic cylinder (43). A geared motor (44) is installed on the gantry frame (1). The output end of the geared motor (44) drives the first lead screw nut (42) to rotate through the first transmission component (45) so as to drive the first lead screw (41) to move up and down. The bottom end of the first lead screw (41) is connected to the hydraulic cylinder (43), and the hydraulic cylinder (43) is connected to the crossbeam plate (21).

8. The general-purpose milling Brinell gauge for small and middle parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transverse slide component (3) includes a base plate (31), and a rail slider (32) that slides and engages with the transverse rail (22) is symmetrically arranged on the rear side of the base plate (31). The base plate (31) is driven by the transverse drive component (5). The lateral drive component (5) includes a servo motor (51), a second lead screw (52) driven by the servo motor (51), and a second lead screw nut (53) that cooperates with the second lead screw (52) and is connected to the base plate (31).

9. The general-purpose milling Brinell gauge for small and middle parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The milling component (8) includes a movable plate (81), a power motor (82) mounted on the movable plate (81), and a milling head (83) fixed to the output end of the power motor (82). The movable plate (81) is slidably mounted on the base plate (31) and connected by a hydraulic drive component (9). The milling component (8) is controlled to move up and down by the hydraulic drive component (9).

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