Energy storage system

Abstract

An energy storage system. In the application, the fan in the second chamber provides oxygen for the first chamber and the third chamber, carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium reacts with the oxygen under the action of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, and the carbon monoxide in the first chamber is converted into carbon dioxide, so that the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium discharged into the first chamber is absorbed; the residual thermal runaway medium enters the third chamber, the thermal runaway medium entering the third chamber further contains hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases, the hydrogen and the oxygen react under the catalytic action of the first hydrogen catalytic layer, the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium is catalytically absorbed, and the other gases are separated from the thermal runaway medium; and finally, the tail gas with the harmful combustible gas absorbed is discharged out of the energy storage system from the third cavity, the content of the combustible gas finally discharged out of the energy storage system is greatly reduced, the combustible gas does not need to be ignited, the risk of burning explosion is reduced or avoided, and the safety of the energy storage system is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] With the surge in the number of installed energy storage systems and their expanding application scenarios (such as garages, basements, and areas near living spaces), their safety has become paramount. Under abnormal conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, internal short circuits, and mechanical damage, energy storage batteries in energy storage systems may experience thermal runaway, generating large amounts of thermal runaway media, including flammable gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The accumulation of flammable gases in a confined environment can easily lead to an explosion, posing a significant threat to personal safety. Therefore, the handling of flammable gases in the thermal runaway media is crucial to the safety of energy storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an energy storage system that effectively handles combustible gases in thermal runaway media, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0004] This application provides an energy storage system comprising multiple battery packs and a base. The battery packs are stacked on the base, and each battery pack has an exhaust channel. The exhaust channels of adjacent battery packs are connected in the stacking direction. The base has a first chamber, a second chamber, and a third chamber. The first chamber is connected to the exhaust channels and contains a carbon monoxide catalytic layer for catalyzing the reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen within the first chamber. The second chamber is connected to the outside of the energy storage system and contains a fan for drawing outside air into the second chamber. The third chamber is also connected to the outside of the energy storage system and contains a first hydrogen catalytic layer for catalyzing the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen within the third chamber.

[0005] The second chamber is connected to the outside of the energy storage system, allowing a fan inside the second chamber to draw air from outside the system into it. When the fan is running, it delivers outside air into the second chamber, preventing gas from flowing out of the second chamber and ensuring that the gas is ultimately discharged from the third chamber. The second chamber also connects to the first and third chambers, allowing the air drawn by the fan to be transported between them, providing sufficient oxygen to ensure that the carbon monoxide and first hydrogen catalytic layers meet catalytic conditions and effectively treat harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium.

[0006] A battery pack that experiences thermal runaway will generate a large amount of thermal runaway medium, which includes components such as smoke, combustible gases, and particulate matter. Combustible gases include gases such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The thermal runaway medium is discharged into the first chamber through the exhaust duct. Carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium reacts with oxygen under the action of a carbon monoxide catalytic layer, converting the carbon monoxide in the first chamber into carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide is then absorbed by the thermal runaway medium discharged into the first chamber. The remaining thermal runaway medium enters the third chamber. Since the second chamber also supplies oxygen to the third chamber, the thermal runaway medium entering the third chamber also contains hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Hydrogen and oxygen react under the catalytic action of the first hydrogen catalytic layer, catalytically absorbing the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, reducing or removing harmful combustible gases (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) from the thermal runaway medium. Finally, the exhaust gas, having absorbed the harmful combustible gases (carbon monoxide and hydrogen), is discharged from the third chamber to the outside of the energy storage system. This significantly reduces the content of combustible gases ultimately discharged to the outside of the energy storage system, and eliminates the need for ignition of combustible gases, reducing or avoiding the risk of combustion and explosion, and improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the first chamber and the third chamber are arranged opposite to each other, and the base is also provided with an exhaust port located on the side of the first hydrogen catalyst layer away from the first chamber, and the exhaust port is connected to the third chamber and the outside of the energy storage system.

[0008] The thermal runaway medium first enters the first chamber and then the third chamber. The exhaust port is located on the side of the first hydrogen catalytic layer opposite to the first chamber, allowing the first hydrogen catalytic layer to fully catalyze the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium entering the third chamber. Finally, the gas, having absorbed harmful gases, is discharged through the exhaust port. Furthermore, along the path of the thermal runaway medium from the exhaust duct to the outside of the energy storage system, the carbon monoxide catalytic layer is closer to the point where it enters the first chamber than the first hydrogen catalytic layer. Therefore, the carbon monoxide catalytic layer and the first hydrogen catalytic layer are arranged in a front-and-back partition along the flow path of the thermal runaway medium. Since catalysts that catalyze the reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen can usually also catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the cost of the catalyst in the first hydrogen catalyst layer is usually higher than that in the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, separating the carbon monoxide catalyst layer and the first hydrogen catalyst layer ensures that the carbon monoxide catalyst layer catalyzes carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium first, while the first hydrogen catalyst layer is only used to catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. On the one hand, this ensures that the first hydrogen catalyst layer will not cause incomplete treatment of hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium due to partial catalysis of carbon monoxide. On the other hand, it can reduce or avoid the situation where the first hydrogen catalyst layer is used to catalyze carbon monoxide, resulting in a reduction in the catalyst content in the first hydrogen catalyst layer, which is beneficial for cost savings.

[0009] In one possible implementation, a carbon monoxide catalyst layer divides the first chamber into a first cavity and a second cavity, with the first cavity connected to the exhaust duct. The second cavity is connected to the first cavity via the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, and the second cavity is also connected to a third chamber.

[0010] In this way, the thermal runaway medium entering the first chamber is catalyzed by the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, then enters the second chamber through the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, and finally enters the third chamber through the second chamber. This reduces or avoids the situation where carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium directly enters the second chamber without being catalyzed, ensuring that the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium can be fully converted into carbon dioxide under the catalysis of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, thus reducing the amount of carbon monoxide that is finally discharged to the outside of the energy storage device.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the first chamber, the second chamber, and the third chamber are arranged along a first direction, and the first cavity and the second cavity are arranged along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs.

[0012] Thus, the airflow path of the thermal runaway medium from the first chamber to the second chamber is roughly "L" shaped, which prolongs the contact time between the thermal runaway medium and the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, allowing the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium to be fully converted, reducing or removing the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium, and reducing the content of combustible gas finally discharged to the outside of the energy storage system, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0013] In one possible implementation, a second hydrogen catalytic layer is provided in the second cavity, which is arranged opposite to the carbon monoxide catalytic layer. The second hydrogen catalytic layer is used to catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0014] Since the fan simultaneously blows air into both the first and third chambers, the oxygen content in the first and third chambers is not significantly different. Furthermore, in the thermal runaway medium, the hydrogen content is typically higher than the carbon monoxide content. A second hydrogen catalytic layer is installed in the second cavity. This second catalytic layer can effectively treat the excess oxygen in the first chamber and catalyze the reaction of this oxygen with the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, thereby reducing the hydrogen content in the thermal runaway medium. The heat generated during the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen ensures that the temperature of the catalyzed thermal runaway medium reaches the catalytic initiation temperature of the first hydrogen catalytic layer, thus guaranteeing that the first hydrogen catalytic layer can successfully catalyze the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium.

[0015] In one possible implementation, a first filter layer is provided in the first cavity. The first filter layer is disposed on the side of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer facing the first cavity. The first filter layer is disposed opposite to the carbon monoxide catalyst layer. The first filter layer is used to filter particulate matter in the thermal runaway medium.

[0016] After the thermal runaway medium enters the first cavity, the first filter layer at the front end of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer absorbs and filters the particulate matter in the thermal runaway medium, preventing the particulate matter from affecting the catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen by the carbon monoxide catalyst layer. This ensures that carbon monoxide and oxygen can fully react under the catalysis of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, and also prevents the particulate matter from clogging the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, ensuring that the remaining thermal runaway medium can pass through the carbon monoxide catalyst layer into the second cavity.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the base has a first partition and a second partition, which are arranged opposite to each other, dividing the interior of the base into a first chamber, a second chamber, and a third chamber that are connected in sequence. The first partition has a first opening, or the gap between the first partition and the side wall of the base forms the first opening, which connects the second cavity and the second chamber.

[0018] In other words, the second chamber is connected to the first chamber via a second cavity. When the fan operates, some oxygen passes through the second cavity and comes into contact with the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, reacting with the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium entering the first cavity. This process absorbs the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium. The resulting gas mixes with the remaining thermal runaway medium and then passes through the second cavity and the second chamber into the third chamber. Furthermore, this ensures that the thermal runaway medium entering the first cavity from the exhaust duct first absorbs carbon monoxide under the catalysis of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer before passing through the second chamber into the third chamber. This allows the first hydrogen catalyst layer in the third chamber to fully absorb the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, thereby reducing the content of harmful gases in the gas discharged from the energy storage system and improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the second partition is a second filter layer, which connects the second chamber and the third chamber. The second filter layer is used to filter particulate matter in the thermal runaway medium.

[0020] On the one hand, this allows the remaining thermal runaway medium, after being catalyzed by the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, to pass entirely through the second filter layer before entering the third chamber. This filter layer also filters out any particulate matter that may be present in the remaining thermal runaway medium, reducing the impact of particulate matter on the hydrogen-oxygen reaction catalyzed by the first hydrogen catalyst layer. On the other hand, along the arrangement of the first, second, and third chambers, the remaining thermal runaway medium, after passing through the large-area second filter layer, comes into full contact with the entire first hydrogen catalyst layer. This ensures that the hydrogen in the remaining thermal runaway medium is absorbed under the catalysis of the first hydrogen catalyst layer, reducing the content of harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium discharged from the energy storage device.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the second partition has a second opening, or the gap between the second partition and the side wall of the base forms the second opening, which connects the second chamber and the third chamber, and a second filter layer is provided at the second opening. The second filter layer is used to filter particulate matter in the thermal runaway medium.

[0022] The remaining thermal runaway medium enters the third chamber through the second opening, and the particulate matter in the remaining thermal runaway medium can be filtered out by the second filter layer, reducing the impact of particulate matter on the catalytic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the first hydrogen catalytic layer.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the catalyst in the second hydrogen catalytic layer comprises a particulate catalyst.

[0024] In the second hydrogen catalyst layer, the gaps between the particulate catalysts are relatively small. When the second hydrogen catalyst layer catalyzes the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, it generates heat. Most of this heat enters the third chamber, ensuring that the temperature of the thermal runaway medium entering the third chamber reaches the catalytic initiation temperature of the first hydrogen catalyst layer. A portion of this heat travels through the second hydrogen catalyst layer to the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, ensuring that the temperature of the thermal runaway medium diluted with oxygen reaches the catalytic initiation temperature of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the catalyst within the carbon monoxide catalytic layer comprises a particulate catalyst.

[0026] In the carbon monoxide catalyst layer, the gaps between the particulate catalysts are small, which makes it difficult for the thermal runaway medium itself to lose temperature, and the temperature of the thermal runaway medium itself can reach the catalytic initiation temperature of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the catalyst within the first hydrogen catalytic layer comprises a porous catalyst.

[0028] The first hydrogen catalytic layer generates heat when it catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. The third chamber is connected to the outside of the energy storage system. The catalyst in the first hydrogen catalytic layer is made into a porous structure to reduce the thermal resistance of the first hydrogen catalytic layer. This makes it easier for the heat generated by the reaction in the third chamber to flow to the outside of the energy storage system through the pores of the first hydrogen catalytic layer. After the second hydrogen catalytic layer catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, it can quickly dissipate heat, greatly reducing the probability of heat accumulation.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the energy storage system further includes a gas sensor and a temperature sensor, both located within the first chamber. The gas sensor detects the gas concentration within the first chamber, and the temperature sensor detects the temperature within the first chamber. When the gas concentration in the first chamber is greater than or equal to a gas concentration threshold, and the temperature in the first chamber is greater than or equal to a temperature threshold, the fan is controlled to operate.

[0030] By installing temperature and gas sensors in the first chamber, timely warnings can be issued for any thermal runaway medium entering the first chamber from the smoke inlet, and the start and stop of the fan can be controlled. The fan will be turned on when the gas concentration detected by the gas sensor is greater than or equal to the gas concentration threshold, and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold, thereby reducing or avoiding false alarms from a single sensor.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the energy storage system includes a power converter for converting direct current (DC) from multiple battery packs into alternating current (AC) and supplying it to the power grid or a load. And / or, the power converter is used to convert AC from an external AC power source into DC and supply it to the multiple battery packs. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments of this application will be described below.

[0033] Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the architecture of an energy storage system according to one embodiment.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram shows the exploded structure of the energy storage system.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an energy storage system from one perspective, provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram shows the exploded structure of the energy storage system.

[0038] Figure 6 A partial structural schematic diagram of an energy storage system from another perspective, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of another energy storage system provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 8 A top view of a base provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 9 A top view of another base provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 10A top view of yet another type of base provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a partially exploded structural diagram of an energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating the handling of thermal runaway media in an energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0046] X - First direction; Y - Second direction; Z - Third direction; 10 - Battery pack; 11 - Exhaust duct; 20 - Base; 21 - First chamber; 211 - First cavity; 212 - Second cavity; 22 - Second chamber; 23 - Third chamber; 24 - Exhaust port; 25 - First partition; 251 - First opening; 252 - Second opening; 26 - Second partition; 261 - Third opening; 27 - First sidewall; 28 - Second sidewall Wall; 31-Carbon monoxide catalyst layer; 32-First hydrogen catalyst layer; 33-Second hydrogen catalyst layer; 40-Fan; 51-First filter layer; 52-Second filter layer; 53-Third filter layer; 60-Cover plate; 61-Smoke inlet; 70-Gas sensor; 80-Temperature sensor; 90-Insulation cotton; 200-Power converter; 300-Grid; 400-Load; 500-Photovoltaic array; 1000-Energy storage system. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., used in this application and the foregoing drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0049] In this specification, the terms "vertical" and "parallel" are explained.

[0050] Perpendicularity: The perpendicularity defined in this application is not limited to an absolute perpendicular intersection (with an included angle of 90°). It is permissible for non-absolute perpendicular intersections caused by factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness. It is permissible for errors within a small angular range, such as an assembly error range of 80° to 100°, which can all be understood as a perpendicular relationship.

[0051] Parallelism: The parallelism defined in this application is not limited to absolute parallelism. This definition of parallelism can be understood as basic parallelism, allowing for situations where the parallelism is not absolute due to factors such as assembly tolerances, design tolerances, and structural flatness.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of an energy storage system according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the energy storage system 1000 includes multiple battery packs 10, a power converter 200, and a power grid 300 or a load 400. The power converter 200 converts direct current (DC) from the multiple battery packs 10 into alternating current (AC) and supplies it to the power grid 300 or the load 400. And / or, the power converter 200 converts AC from an external AC power source into DC and supplies it to the multiple battery packs 10. The power converter 200 may integrate a DC / DC conversion circuit and a DC / AC conversion circuit. The DC / DC conversion circuit converts high-voltage DC to low-voltage DC, and the DC / AC conversion circuit converts the DC power transmitted from the multiple battery packs 10 into AC. The multiple battery packs 10 may be photovoltaic energy storage batteries or vehicle-mounted energy storage batteries, etc.

[0053] The multiple battery packs 10 can also receive DC power from an external DC power source, such as DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 500. The electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 500 can be boosted or bucked by the DC / DC converter circuit to charge the multiple battery packs 10. When the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic array 500 is insufficient to supply power to the grid 300 or the load 400, the electrical energy stored in the multiple battery packs 10 can be transferred to the grid 300 or the load 400 through the DC / AC converter circuit in the power converter 200.

[0054] On the other hand, the multiple battery packs 10 can also receive power from an external AC power source (such as the power grid 300). The AC power output from the power grid 300 is converted into DC power by a DC / AC conversion circuit and transmitted to the multiple battery packs 10 to charge them. Alternatively, the power converter 200 may only include a DC / AC conversion circuit, while the multiple battery packs 10 may have built-in DC / DC conversion circuits, allowing them to directly receive DC power generated by the photovoltaic array 500.

[0055] Please see Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an energy storage system 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 for Figure 2 The diagram shows an exploded view of the energy storage system 1000. The energy storage system 1000 includes multiple battery packs 10 and a base 20. The base 20 and the multiple battery packs 10 are stacked, specifically, the multiple battery packs 10 are stacked on the base 20. Each battery pack 10 has an exhaust channel 11, and the exhaust channels 11 of two adjacent battery packs 10 are connected in the stacking direction of the multiple battery packs 10.

[0056] The base 20 has a first chamber 21, a second chamber 22, and a third chamber 23 that are connected. The first chamber 21 is connected to the exhaust duct 11, which is also connected to the exhaust duct 11 of the battery pack 10 closest to the base 20. When the battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the resulting thermal runaway medium contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The first chamber 21 is equipped with a carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, which catalyzes the reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen within the first chamber 21. The second chamber 22 is equipped with a fan 40, which blows external air into the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23. Specifically, the second chamber 22 is connected to the outside of the energy storage system 1000 so that the fan 40 inside the second chamber 22 draws air from outside the energy storage system 1000 into the second chamber 22. When the fan 40 is running, it can deliver outside air into the second chamber 22, and the gas in the base 20 will not flow from the second chamber 22 to the outside of the energy storage system 1000, so that the gas is finally discharged from the outside of the energy storage system 1000 only from the third chamber 23. The second chamber 22 is also connected to the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23 so that the air drawn by the fan 40 is delivered from the second chamber 22 to the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23, providing sufficient oxygen to the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23, ensuring that the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 and the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 can reach the catalytic conditions and effectively treat the harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium. The third chamber 23 is connected to the outside of the energy storage system 1000. The third chamber 23 is provided with a first hydrogen catalytic layer 32, which is used to catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the third chamber 23.

[0057] The first chamber 21 is directly connected to the exhaust duct 11 of the battery pack 10 closest to the base 20. In the remaining battery packs 10, the exhaust ducts 11 of two adjacent battery packs 10 are connected. That is, the exhaust ducts 11 of multiple battery packs 10 form a common flue, which is connected to the first chamber 21.

[0058] When the battery pack 10 experiences thermal runaway, it generates a large amount of thermal runaway medium, which includes components such as smoke, combustible gases, and particulate matter. The combustible gases include carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The thermal runaway medium is discharged into the first chamber 21 through a common flue. The carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium reacts with oxygen under the action of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, converting the carbon monoxide in the first chamber 21 into carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide is then absorbed by the thermal runaway medium discharged into the first chamber 21. The remaining thermal runaway medium enters the third chamber 23. Since the second chamber 22 also supplies oxygen to the third chamber 23, the thermal runaway medium entering the third chamber 23 also contains hydrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Among these, hydrogen and... Oxygen reacts under the catalytic action of the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32, catalytically absorbing hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, reducing or removing harmful combustible gases (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) in the thermal runaway medium. Finally, the exhaust gas with the harmful combustible gases (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) absorbed is discharged from the third chamber 23 to the outside of the energy storage system 1000, which greatly reduces the content of combustible gases that are finally discharged to the outside of the energy storage system 1000, and there is no need to ignite the combustible gases, reducing or avoiding the risk of combustion and explosion, and improving the safety of the energy storage system 1000.

[0059] The base 20 has four side walls that form a receiving space, which is divided into a first chamber 21, a second chamber 22, and a third chamber 23. The first chamber 21 is directly connected to the exhaust duct 11. The second chamber 22 is connected to both the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23. For example, the first chamber 21 can be connected to the third chamber 23 through the second chamber 22, or the first chamber 21 can be directly connected to the third chamber 23. The first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23 are arranged opposite each other. The thermal runaway medium first enters the first chamber 21 and then enters the third chamber 23. On the path of the thermal runaway medium flowing from the exhaust duct 11 to the outside of the energy storage system 1000, the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 is closer to the position where the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 enters the first chamber 21 from the exhaust duct 11. On the flow path of the thermal runaway medium, the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 and the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 are arranged in a front-to-back partition. Since catalysts that catalyze the reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen can usually also catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the catalyst cost of the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 is usually higher than that of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, the partitioning of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 and the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 can ensure that the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 first catalyzes the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium, while the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 is only used to catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. On the one hand, this ensures that the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 will not cause the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium to be incompletely treated due to partial catalysis of carbon monoxide. On the other hand, it can reduce or avoid the situation where the catalyst content in the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 is reduced due to the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 being used to catalyze carbon monoxide, which is beneficial for saving costs.

[0060] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an energy storage system 1000 from one perspective, provided in an embodiment of this application. The base 20 is also provided with an exhaust port 24, which is located on the side of the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 away from the first chamber 21. The exhaust port 24 connects the third chamber 23 and the outside of the energy storage system 1000, so that the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 can fully catalyze the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium entering the third chamber 23, and the gas that has been absorbed of harmful gases is discharged through the exhaust port 24.

[0061] The exhaust port 24 can be located on the entire side wall of the third chamber 23 away from the first chamber 21 to increase the opening size of the exhaust port 24 and accelerate the discharge of the thermal runaway medium catalyzed by the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 to the outside of the energy storage system 1000.

[0062] like Figure 4As shown, the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 has a flat plate structure, dividing the first chamber 21 into a first cavity 211 and a second cavity 212. The first cavity 211 is connected to the exhaust channel 11. The second cavity 212 is connected to the first chamber 211 via the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, and the second cavity 212 is also connected to the third chamber 23. In this way, the thermal runaway medium entering the first chamber 21 is catalyzed by the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, then enters the second cavity 212 through the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, and finally enters the third chamber 23 through the second cavity 212. This reduces or avoids the situation where carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium directly enters the second cavity 212 without catalysis, ensuring that the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium can be fully converted into carbon dioxide under the catalysis of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, reducing the amount of carbon monoxide ultimately discharged outside the energy storage system 1000. The catalyst in the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 includes particulate catalysts. The particulate catalysts together form a plate-shaped carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31. The gaps between the particulate catalysts are small, which makes it difficult for the thermal runaway medium itself to lose temperature. The temperature of the thermal runaway medium itself can reach the catalytic initiation temperature of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31.

[0063] The catalyst in the carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31 is a carbon monoxide catalyst, which can be a metal oxide catalyst, such as a copper-manganese-based catalyst. This can reduce the manufacturing cost and has good low-temperature catalytic activity, enabling efficient catalysis of the reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide at room temperature.

[0064] A first filter layer 51 is provided within the first cavity 211. The first filter layer 51 is disposed on the side of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 facing the first cavity 211, and is positioned opposite to the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31. The first filter layer 51 is used to filter particulate matter in the thermal runaway medium. That is, after the thermal runaway medium enters the first cavity 211, the first filter layer 51 at the front end of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 absorbs and filters the particulate matter in the thermal runaway medium, preventing the particulate matter from affecting the catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen by the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31. This ensures that carbon monoxide and oxygen can fully react under the catalysis of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, and also prevents particulate matter from clogging the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, ensuring that the remaining thermal runaway medium can pass through the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 into the second cavity 212. The first filter layer 51 can be composed of filter cotton, allowing it to filter particulate matter in the thermal runaway medium while still allowing gas in the thermal runaway medium to pass through. The first filter layer 51 covers the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31. For example, the first filter layer 51 is connected to the side wall of the first cavity 211 to ensure that the thermal runaway medium in the first cavity 211 is filtered by the first filter layer 51 before it comes into contact with the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 for reaction.

[0065] The first filter layer 51 can be spaced apart from the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31. The first filter layer 51 is located between the position where the thermal runaway medium enters the first cavity 211 and the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, ensuring that the thermal runaway medium entering the first cavity 211 is filtered by the first filter layer 51 before reacting with the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31.

[0066] The second cavity 212 is equipped with a second hydrogen catalytic layer 33, which is positioned opposite to the carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31. The carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31 is located between the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 and the first filter layer 51. The second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 is used to catalyze the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. Since the fan 40 blows air into both the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23 simultaneously, the oxygen content in the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23 is not significantly different. Furthermore, in the thermal runaway medium, the hydrogen content is usually greater than the carbon monoxide content. By providing the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 in the second cavity 212, the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 can effectively treat the excess oxygen in the first chamber 21 and catalyze the reaction between this portion of oxygen and the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, thereby reducing the hydrogen content in the thermal runaway medium. When the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 catalyzes hydrogen, the gas temperature in the thermal runaway medium needs to reach the catalytic initiation temperature (e.g., 80°C) of the catalyst in the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32. Although the temperature of the thermal runaway medium entering the first cavity 211 is approximately 120°C, after being diluted by the fan 40, the temperature is lower than the catalytic initiation temperature, making it difficult for the catalytic reaction of the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 to be self-sustaining. In this application, by setting a second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 in the second cavity 212 to catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen and generate heat, the temperature of the catalyzed thermal runaway medium can reach the catalytic initiation temperature of the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32, thereby ensuring that the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 can successfully catalyze the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium.

[0067] The second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 has a plate-like structure and is connected to the sidewall of the second cavity 212. In this way, the remaining thermal runaway medium after being catalyzed by the carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31 can fully contact the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33.

[0068] The catalyst in the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 includes particulate catalysts, which together form a plate-like structure. The gaps between the particulate catalysts are small. When the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 catalyzes the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, it generates heat. Most of this heat enters the third chamber 23, ensuring that the temperature of the thermal runaway medium entering the third chamber 23 reaches the catalytic initiation temperature of the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32. A portion of the heat passes through the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 to the carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31, ensuring that the temperature of the thermal runaway medium diluted with oxygen reaches the catalytic initiation temperature of the carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31.

[0069] like Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment, a third filter layer 53 may be provided on the side of the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 opposite to the carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31. The third filter layer 53 is arranged opposite to the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 to filter the thermal runaway medium treated by the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 again, thereby reducing the catalytic effect of particulate matter on the subsequent first hydrogen catalytic layer 32.

[0070] Please combine Figure 3 and Figure 4 In one embodiment, the first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23 are arranged along a first direction X, the first cavity 211 and the second cavity 212 are arranged along a second direction Y, and the plurality of battery packs 10 are arranged along a third direction Z. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other. The first direction X can be the length direction of the base 20, the second direction Y can be the width direction of the base 20, and the third direction Z can be the height direction of the base 20. Thus, the airflow path of the thermal runaway medium from the first chamber 21 into the second chamber 22 is roughly "L"-shaped, which prolongs the contact time between the thermal runaway medium and the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, allowing the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium to be fully converted, reducing or removing the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium. At the same time, it also prolongs the contact time between the thermal runaway medium and the second hydrogen catalyst layer 33, allowing the second hydrogen catalyst layer 33 to fully convert the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, reducing the content of combustible gas finally discharged to the outside of the energy storage system 1000, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system 1000.

[0071] Please see Figure 5 , Figure 5 for Figure 4 The diagram shows an exploded view of the energy storage system 1000. The size of the third chamber 23 can be the same as the size of the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32. For example, the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 can fill the entire third chamber 23 to fully convert the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, reduce the content of harmful gases in the exhaust gas discharged to the outside of the energy storage system 1000, and improve the safety of the energy storage system 1000.

[0072] The catalyst in the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 includes a porous structure. The first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 generates heat during the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the third chamber 23 connects to the outside of the energy storage system 1000. By configuring the catalyst in the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 as a porous structure, the thermal resistance of the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 is reduced, allowing heat in the third chamber 23 to more easily flow to the outside of the energy storage system 1000 through the pores of the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32. After the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, it can quickly dissipate heat, greatly reducing the probability of heat accumulation.

[0073] The catalysts in the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 and the second hydrogen catalytic layer 33 are both hydrogen catalysts, and noble metal catalysts can be used.

[0074] Please see Figure 5 In one embodiment, the base 20 is provided with a first partition 25 and a second partition 26, which are arranged opposite to each other. The first partition 25 and the second partition 26 divide the interior of the base 20 into a first chamber 21, a second chamber 22, and a third chamber 23 that are connected in sequence. That is, the first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23 are arranged in sequence in one direction. The second chamber 22 is located between the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23 so that the fan 40 in the second chamber 22 can blow external air to the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23 respectively, providing oxygen to the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23. The second chamber 22 is connected to the exhaust channel 11 through the first chamber 21, and the third chamber 23 is connected to the exhaust channel 11 through the second chamber 22 and the first chamber 21. After the thermal runaway medium enters the base 20, it first passes through the first chamber 21, reacts in the first chamber 21, flows through the second chamber 22 to the third chamber 23, reacts in the third chamber 23, and is discharged to the outside of the energy storage system 1000 from the exhaust port 24.

[0075] The first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23 are arranged along the first direction X. Alternatively, the first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23 are arranged along the third direction Z. This embodiment is illustrated by taking the arrangement of the first chamber 21, the second chamber 22, and the third chamber 23 along the first direction X as an example.

[0076] Please see Figure 6 , Figure 6This is a partial structural schematic diagram of an energy storage system 1000 from another perspective, provided as an embodiment of this application. A first opening 251 is formed between the first partition 25 and the side wall of the base 20. The first opening 251 connects the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22. For example, the base 20 includes a first side wall 27 and a second side wall 28 disposed opposite each other along a second direction Y. One end of the first partition 25 is connected to the first side wall 27 in the second direction Y and the first direction X in the first direction X. The gap between the other end of the first partition 25 and the second side wall 28 forms the first opening 251, thus eliminating the need for additional processing of the partition. The first side wall 27 has a through hole that communicates with the air inlet of the fan 40, allowing the fan 40 to blow external air through the through hole towards the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23. The air outlet direction of the fan 40 is towards the second side wall 28. A first opening 251 is formed by the gap between the other end of the first partition 25 and the second sidewall 28. When the fan 40 blows air towards the second sidewall 28, the external air is divided into two airflows by the obstruction of the second sidewall 28. One airflow more easily enters the first chamber 21 through the first opening 251, and the other airflow enters the third chamber 23 with the air coming out of the first chamber 21. In other embodiments, the first partition has a first opening, for example, by forming a perforation in the first partition. The two opposite ends of the first partition along the second direction Y are respectively connected and fixed to the first sidewall and the second sidewall, and the air outlet direction of the fan is towards the second sidewall.

[0077] Specifically, the first opening 251 connects to the second cavity 212 and the second chamber 22, that is, the second chamber 22 is connected to the first cavity 211 through the second cavity 212. When the fan 40 is running, a portion of the oxygen passes through the second cavity 212 and comes into contact with the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, and reacts with the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium that has entered the first cavity 211, absorbing the carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium. The gas produced by the reaction mixes with the remaining thermal runaway medium and then passes through the second cavity 212 and the second chamber 22 into the third chamber 23. Furthermore, it can ensure that the thermal runaway medium entering the first cavity 211 from the exhaust channel 11 first absorbs carbon monoxide under the catalysis of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31, and then enters the third cavity 23 through the second cavity 22. This allows the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 in the third cavity 23 to fully absorb the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium, thereby reducing the content of harmful gases in the gas discharged to the outside of the energy storage system 1000 and improving the safety of the energy storage system 1000.

[0078] In this embodiment, when the thermal runaway medium enters the first chamber 21, the air pressure in the first chamber 21 is greater than the air pressure in the second chamber 22. A fan 40 is installed in the second chamber 22. When the fan 40 is running, the air pressure provided by the fan 40 is greater than the air pressure in the first chamber 21, causing a portion of the air in the second chamber 22 to be blown through the second cavity 212 towards the carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31. Oxygen and carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium react under the catalysis of the carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31. The carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31 releases heat when it catalyzes the reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. The remaining thermal runaway medium, after being catalyzed, heats up, causing the air pressure in the first chamber 21 to be greater than the air pressure in the second chamber 22. The remaining thermal runaway medium can then enter the second chamber 22 while the fan 40 is running and mix with the air in the second chamber 22. Since the fan 40 in the second chamber 22 is still running, and the fan 40 can blow outside air into the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23, the remaining thermal runaway medium that has entered the second chamber 22 and mixed with air can also be blown into the third chamber 23 by the fan 40, accelerating the treatment of the remaining thermal runaway medium. After the remaining thermal runaway medium and the carbon dioxide generated by the reaction enter the third chamber 23, the air pressure in the first chamber 21 is relatively reduced. The fan 40 can then blow air into the first chamber 21 to react with the carbon monoxide in the newly entered thermal runaway medium, repeating the above process to convert the harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium, reduce the flammable gas content in the thermal runaway medium discharged from the energy storage system 1000, and improve the safety of the energy storage system 1000.

[0079] like Figure 6 As shown, in one embodiment, the second partition 26 can be a second filter layer 52, which connects the second chamber 22 and the third chamber 23 to increase the opening area for the thermal runaway medium in the first chamber 21 to enter the third chamber 23, thereby accelerating the treatment of harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium. The second filter layer 52 is used to filter particulate matter in the thermal runaway medium. Specifically, the opposite ends of the second partition 26 are connected to the first sidewall 27 and the second sidewall 28, respectively. This ensures that all remaining thermal runaway medium after being catalyzed by the carbon monoxide catalytic layer 31 passes through the second filter layer 52 before entering the third chamber 23, and also filters any particulate matter that may be present in the remaining thermal runaway medium, reducing the impact of particulate matter on the hydrogen and oxygen reaction catalyzed by the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32. On the other hand, along the first direction X, the remaining thermal runaway medium comes into full contact with the entire first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 after passing through the large-area second filter layer 52, ensuring that the hydrogen in the remaining thermal runaway medium can be absorbed under the catalysis of the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32, thereby reducing the content of harmful gases in the thermal runaway medium discharged outside the energy storage system 1000.

[0080] The second filter layer 52 can be a flow equalization cotton or a filter cotton, allowing the thermal runaway medium gas flow to enter the third chamber 23 evenly and come into contact with the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 in the third chamber 23, so that the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 can fully catalyze the hydrogen in the thermal runaway medium. Both the first filter layer 51 and the third filter layer 53 can be flow equalization cotton or filter cotton, and the specific type is not limited.

[0081] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of another energy storage system 1000 provided in one embodiment of this application. In one embodiment, a second opening 252 is formed between the second partition 26 and the second sidewall 28. The second opening 252 connects the second chamber 22 and the third chamber 23. A second filter layer 52 is provided at the second opening 252. The remaining thermal runaway medium enters the third chamber 23 through the second opening 252, and particulate matter in the remaining thermal runaway medium can be filtered out by the second filter layer 52, reducing the impact of particulate matter on the catalytic reaction of hydrogen and oxygen by the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32. To ensure that the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 in the third chamber 23 can be fully utilized, an exhaust port 24 can be provided on the first sidewall 27 surrounding the third chamber 23. It can be understood that the exhaust port 24 can also be provided on the side of the first hydrogen catalyst layer 32 facing away from the first chamber 21.

[0082] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 , Figure 8 This is a top view of a base 20 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 A top view of another base 20 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 10 This is a top view of another type of base 20 provided in one embodiment of this application. In another embodiment, the base 20 is provided with a first partition 25 and a second partition 26. The first partition 25 and the base 20 form a second chamber 22. The second partition 26 divides the remaining space of the base 20 into a first chamber 21 and a third chamber 23 that are directly connected. The thermal runaway medium in the first chamber 21 can directly enter the third chamber 23 from the first chamber 21. The first partition 25 is provided with a first opening 251 and a second opening 252. The first opening 251 connects the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22, and the second opening 252 connects the second chamber 22 and the third chamber 23. A fan 40 blows air toward the first opening 251 and the second opening 252 to provide air to the first chamber 21 through the first opening 251 and to the third chamber 23 through the second opening 252.

[0083] like Figure 8As shown, for example, the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23 are arranged opposite each other along the first direction X, and the second chamber 22 is located on one side of the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23 along the second direction Y. Specifically, the first partition 25 and the second partition 26 are both "I"-shaped structures in their orthogonal projection along the third direction Z. The first partition 25 and the second partition 26 are arranged perpendicularly, and the first partition 25 connects to the two opposite side walls of the base 20 along the first direction X. The base 20 includes a first side wall 27 and a second side wall 28 opposite each other along the second direction Y. The first side wall 27 has a through hole for the fan 40 to connect to the outside of the energy storage system 1000. The gap between the second side wall 28 and one end of the second partition 26 forms a third opening 261, which connects the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23. The other end of the second partition 26 is located between the first opening 251 and the second opening 252, such that the first opening 251 and the second opening 252 are located on opposite sides of the second partition 26 along the first direction X. The blower 40 directs its airflow towards the second sidewall 28, directly opposite the first opening 251 and the second opening 252. The airflow from the blower 40 is divided into two streams by the second partition 26: one stream flows through the first opening 251 into the first chamber 21, and the other flows through the second opening 252 into the third chamber 23. The third opening 261 is located on the side of the second partition 26 facing away from the first and second openings 251 and 252 along the second direction Y, allowing more thermal runaway medium from the first chamber 21 to enter the third chamber 23 through the third opening 261. A second filter layer 52 is installed at the third opening 261 to filter particulate matter from the thermal runaway medium entering the third chamber 23, preventing particulate matter from clogging the pores in the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 and affecting heat discharge from the energy storage system 1000. Simultaneously, it reduces the catalytic effect of the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 on hydrogen and oxygen.

[0084] like Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, for example, the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23 are arranged opposite each other along the first direction X. The orthographic projection of the first partition 25 along the third direction Z is a "U" shape, and the orthographic projection of the second partition 26 along the third direction Z is a "I" shape. The second partition 26 is located on the side of the first partition 25 along the second direction Y. The base 20 includes a first sidewall 27 and a second sidewall 28 opposite each other along the second direction Y. A portion of the first sidewall 27 and the first partition 25 form a second chamber 22. The first sidewall 27 has a through hole for the fan 40 to connect to the outside of the energy storage system 1000. A third opening 261 is formed between the gap between the second sidewall 28 and one end of the second partition 26. The third opening 261 is located on the side of the second partition 26 away from the first partition 25 and connects the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23.

[0085] like Figure 9As shown, for example, the portion of the first partition 25 perpendicular to the second partition 26 has a first opening 251 and a second opening 252, and the first opening 251 and the second opening 252 are located on opposite sides of the second partition 26 along the first direction X. At this time, the air outlet direction of the fan 40 is towards the second sidewall 28, directly opposite the first opening 251 and the second opening 252. The airflow from the fan 40 is divided into two streams by the second partition 26: one stream enters the first chamber 21 through the first opening 251, and the other stream enters the third chamber 23 through the second opening 252. Alternatively, as... Figure 10 As shown, a first opening 251 and a second opening 252 are formed on two mutually perpendicular parts of the first partition 25, respectively. Alternatively, a first opening and a second opening are formed on two opposite parts of the first partition, respectively.

[0086] In this embodiment, the first opening 251 and the exhaust channel are both connected to the first cavity 211, so that the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31 can fully catalyze the conversion of carbon monoxide in the thermal runaway medium into carbon dioxide, thereby reducing the content of harmful gases in the exhaust gas discharged to the outside of the energy storage system 1000 and improving the safety of the energy storage system 1000.

[0087] Please see Figure 11 , Figure 11 This is a partially exploded structural diagram of an energy storage system 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. The energy storage system 1000 also includes a cover plate 60, which covers the end of the base 20 facing the plurality of battery packs 10 and is connected and fixed to the base 20 to seal the space enclosed by the base 20. The cover plate 60 is provided with a smoke inlet 61, which connects the first chamber 21 and the exhaust channel 11 of the battery pack 10 closest to the base 20. For example, the smoke inlet 61 connects to the first cavity 211. In this way, the thermal runaway medium in the exhaust channel 11 enters the first cavity 211 through the smoke inlet 61 and is converted into carbon dioxide under the catalysis of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer 31.

[0088] The energy storage system 1000 also includes a gas sensor 70 and a temperature sensor 80, both of which are located within the first chamber 21. The gas sensor 70 is used to detect the gas concentration within the first chamber 21, and the temperature sensor 80 is used to detect the temperature of the first chamber 21. When the gas concentration in the first chamber 21 is greater than or equal to a gas concentration threshold, and the temperature in the first chamber 21 is greater than or equal to a temperature threshold, the fan 40 is controlled to operate.

[0089] Please see Figure 12 , Figure 12This is a flowchart illustrating the handling of thermal runaway media by an energy storage system 1000 according to an embodiment of this application. Specifically, a gas sensor 70 and a temperature sensor 80 are both located in a first cavity 211 communicating with the smoke inlet 61 to promptly alert whether thermal runaway media enter the first cavity 211 from the smoke inlet 61. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery pack 10, the thermal runaway media enters the first cavity 211 from the smoke inlet 61, and both the gas sensor 70 and the temperature sensor 80 respond simultaneously. Specifically, when the gas concentration detected by the gas sensor 70 is greater than or equal to a gas concentration threshold, or when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 80 is greater than or equal to a temperature threshold, it is considered that there may be exhaust. In this case, an alarm can be triggered, the energy storage system 1000 stops operating, and an alarm signal (such as illuminating an alarm light) is issued to ensure that the energy storage system 1000 operates safely. When the gas concentration detected by gas sensor 70 is greater than or equal to the gas concentration threshold, and the temperature detected by temperature sensor 80 is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold, the control fan 40 is powered on and the alarm is triggered to issue an alarm signal (such as illuminating an alarm light), so as to timely supply air to the first chamber 21 and the third chamber 23, so that the thermal runaway medium mixes with the air and is catalytically reduced. When the gas concentration detected by gas sensor 70 is less than the gas concentration threshold, and the temperature detected by temperature sensor 80 is less than the temperature threshold, it is considered that the thermal runaway medium has been completely discharged. At this time, the control fan 40 stops running and the alarm light is turned off.

[0090] By installing a temperature sensor 80 and a gas sensor 70 in the first chamber 21, timely warnings are issued regarding whether thermal runaway media enters the first chamber 21 from the smoke inlet 61, and the start and stop of the fan 40 are controlled. When the gas concentration detected by the gas sensor 70 is greater than or equal to the gas concentration threshold, and the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 80 is greater than or equal to the temperature threshold, the fan 40 is turned on to run, thereby reducing or avoiding false alarms from a single sensor.

[0091] The base 20 also includes heat insulation cotton 90, which can be positioned around the outer periphery of the third chamber 23. Since the third chamber 23 is primarily used for catalyzing the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32 requires a high catalytic initiation temperature for this reaction, the heat insulation cotton 90 ensures that the temperature within the third chamber 23 reaches the catalytic initiation temperature of the catalyst in the first hydrogen catalytic layer 32. This also reduces the impact of heat generated in the third chamber 23 on the multiple battery packs 10. Alternatively, the heat insulation cotton can be positioned between the cover plate and the base to further reduce the impact of heat generated by the catalytic reaction on the multiple battery packs.

[0092] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An energy storage system, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes multiple battery packs and a base; The plurality of battery packs are stacked on the base, and each battery pack is provided with a smoke exhaust channel. In the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs, the smoke exhaust channels of two adjacent battery packs are connected. The base has a first chamber, a second chamber, and a third chamber that are connected to each other. The first chamber is connected to the exhaust duct and contains a carbon monoxide catalytic layer for catalyzing the reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen within the first chamber. The second chamber is connected to the outside of the energy storage system and contains a fan for drawing outside air into the second chamber. The third chamber is connected to the outside of the energy storage system and contains a first hydrogen catalytic layer for catalyzing the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen within the third chamber.

2. The energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first chamber and the third chamber are arranged opposite to each other and connected. The base is also provided with an exhaust port, which is located on the side of the first hydrogen catalyst layer away from the first chamber. The exhaust port is connected to the third chamber and the outside of the energy storage system.

3. The energy storage system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The carbon monoxide catalyst layer divides the first chamber into a first cavity and a second cavity. The first cavity is connected to the smoke exhaust channel, and the second cavity is connected to the first cavity through the carbon monoxide catalyst layer. The second cavity is also connected to the third chamber.

4. The energy storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first chamber, the second chamber, and the third chamber are arranged along a first direction, and the first cavity and the second cavity are arranged along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to the stacking direction of the plurality of battery packs.

5. The energy storage system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The second cavity is provided with a second hydrogen catalytic layer, which is disposed opposite to the carbon monoxide catalytic layer. The second hydrogen catalytic layer is used to catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

6. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 3-5, characterized in that, The first cavity is provided with a first filter layer, which is disposed on the side of the carbon monoxide catalyst layer facing the first cavity. The first filter layer is disposed opposite to the carbon monoxide catalyst layer and is used to filter particulate matter in the thermal runaway medium.

7. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 3-6, characterized in that, The base is provided with a first partition and a second partition, which are arranged opposite to each other. The first partition and the second partition divide the interior of the base into a first chamber, a second chamber and a third chamber that are connected in sequence. The first partition is provided with a first opening, or the gap between the first partition and the side wall of the base forms a first opening, which connects the second cavity and the second chamber.

8. The energy storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second partition is a second filter layer, which connects the second chamber and the third chamber; or, The second partition is provided with a second opening, or the gap between the second partition and the side wall of the base forms a second opening, the second opening connects the second chamber and the third chamber, and a second filter layer is provided at the second opening; The second filter layer is used to filter particulate matter in the thermal runaway medium.

9. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that, The catalyst in the second hydrogen catalytic layer includes a particulate catalyst.

10. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The catalyst in the carbon monoxide catalyst layer includes particulate catalysts.

11. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The catalyst in the first hydrogen catalytic layer includes a porous catalyst.

12. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The energy storage system also includes a gas sensor and a temperature sensor, both of which are located in the first chamber. The gas sensor is used to detect the gas concentration in the first chamber, and the temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the first chamber. When the gas concentration in the first chamber is greater than or equal to a gas concentration threshold and the temperature in the first chamber is greater than or equal to a temperature threshold, the fan is controlled to operate.

13. The energy storage system according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that, The energy storage system includes a power converter for converting direct current (DC) from the plurality of battery packs into alternating current (AC) and supplying it to the power grid or a load; and / or, the power converter for converting alternating current from an external AC power source into DC and supplying it to the plurality of battery packs.

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