Transmit diversity for backscatter communication

Abstract

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A device may transmit excitation signals to a backscatter device at different frequencies using multiple antenna ports. For example, the device may transmit an excitation signal to a backscatter device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on one or more parameters. The excitation signal may include a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency. The device may perform a frequency exchange or symbol hopping when sending an excitation signal to the backscatter device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following relates to wireless communication, including transmit diversity for backscatter communication. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, message sending and receiving, broadcasting, and so on. These systems can support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include fourth-generation (4G) systems (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-A Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems) and fifth-generation (5G) systems (which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems). These systems may employ technologies such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or Discrete Fourier Transform Extended Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM). A wireless multiple access communication system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication of communication devices, which may be referred to as User Equipment (UE).

[0003] Wireless communication can include low-complexity, low-power devices that use an external power source to perform wireless communication. For example, some wireless communication systems may include passive devices that perform backscatter communication, where the passive device modulates an incoming radio frequency signal by switching a load impedance to change the amplitude or phase of the incoming signal and reflecting the backscattered signal back to the reader device. As backscatter communication is used in more scenarios, the range of backscatter communication in these scenarios can increase. However, a larger range may lead to fading of the backscattered signal. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The described technology relates to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication. For example, the described technology provides an apparatus that uses multiple transmit antenna ports and transmits excitation signals to a backscattering device at different frequencies. For example, a first antenna port may transmit a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency, and a second antenna port may transmit a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency. In some examples, the transmitting device may perform frequency switching by transmitting the first frequency component of the excitation signal using the first antenna port (e.g., at a first frequency) during a first time duration, and then switching to transmitting the second frequency component of the excitation signal using the first antenna port (e.g., at a second frequency) during a second time duration. In some examples, the transmitting device may use different antenna ports to transmit the frequency components of the excitation signal according to an on / off keying mode. In some examples, the reader device receiving the backscattered signal may be a different device, and the transmitting device may indicate the on / off keying mode to the reader device. In some other examples, the transmitting device may be a reader device for the backscattered signal, and the transmitting device may monitor the backscattered signal. In some examples, the transmitting device may use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) compatible techniques, such as performing a wide fast Fourier transform (FFT) or a narrow FFT process on the on-keying mode, to generate the excitation signal.

[0005] A method for wireless communication by a device is described. The method may include: determining one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting a backscattered signal; and transmitting the excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on the one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0006] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor-executable code and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be able to operate individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the apparatus to: determine one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting a backscattered signal; and transmit the excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on the one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0007] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: components for determining one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting a backscattered signal; and components for transmitting the excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on the one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: determine one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting a backscattered signal; and transmit the excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on the one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0009] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting the excitation signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following: during a first time interval, transmitting the first frequency component of the excitation signal at the first frequency using the first antenna port; during the first time interval, transmitting the second frequency component of the excitation signal at the second frequency using the second antenna port; during a second time interval, transmitting the first frequency component of the excitation signal at the second frequency using the first antenna port; and during the second time interval, transmitting the second frequency component of the excitation signal at the first frequency using the second antenna port.

[0010] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first time interval may be a first symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal, and the second time interval may be a second symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal.

[0011] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first time interval may be a first portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal, and the second time interval may be a second portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal.

[0012] Some examples of the methods, apparatus, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following: masking a first frequency component of an excitation signal using a first on / off keying mode associated with the first antenna port to obtain a first portion of a first carrier; masking the first frequency component of the excitation signal using a second on / off keying mode associated with the second antenna port to obtain a first portion of a second carrier; masking the second frequency component of the excitation signal using a third on / off keying mode associated with the first antenna port to obtain a second portion of the first carrier, wherein the third on / off keying mode may be complementary to the first on / off keying mode; masking the second frequency component of the excitation signal using a fourth on / off keying mode associated with the second antenna port to obtain a second portion of the second carrier, wherein the fourth on / off keying mode may be complementary to the second on / off keying mode; and transmitting the first carrier via the first antenna port and transmitting the second carrier via the second antenna port.

[0013] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following: oversampling a first on / off keying pattern associated with the first frequency to obtain a first oversampled on / off keying pattern including a certain number of bits; oversampling a second on / off keying pattern associated with the second frequency to obtain a second oversampled on / off keying pattern including the number of bits, wherein the second on / off keying pattern may be complementary to the first on / off keying pattern; performing a first FFT operation on the first oversampled on / off keying pattern based on the number of bits to obtain a first FFT output; and performing an FFT operation on the second oversampled on / off keying pattern based on the number of bits. Perform a second FFT operation to obtain a second FFT output; truncate the first FFT output to obtain a first truncated FFT output corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the first frequency; truncate the second FFT output to obtain a second truncated FFT output corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the second frequency; map the first truncated FFT output to a first set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the first frequency; map the second truncated FFT output to a second set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the second frequency; and perform an inverse FFT on the first truncated FFT output and the second truncated FFT output based on the number of bits.

[0014] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following: oversampling a first on / off keying pattern of an on / off keying signal associated with the first frequency to obtain a first oversampled on / off keying pattern, the first oversampled on / off keying pattern including a number of bits corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the first frequency; oversampling a second on / off keying pattern associated with the second frequency to obtain a second oversampled on / off keying pattern including the number of bits, wherein the second on / off keying pattern may be complementary to the first on / off keying pattern; performing phase scrambling on the first oversampled on / off keying pattern based on a first phase scrambling pattern to obtain A first set of scrambled bits is obtained; the second oversampling on / off keying mode is subjected to phase scrambling based on the second phase scrambling mode to obtain a second set of scrambled bits; a first Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) operation is performed on the first set of scrambled bits to obtain a first DFT output; a second DFT operation is performed on the second set of scrambled bits to obtain a second DFT output; the first DFT output is mapped to a first set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the first frequency; the second DFT output is mapped to a second set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the second frequency; and an inverse FFT is performed on the first DFT output and the second DFT output based on the number of bits.

[0015] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, transmitting the excitation signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following: during a first time interval, transmitting the first frequency component of the excitation signal at the first frequency using the first antenna port; during a second time interval, transmitting the first frequency component of the excitation signal at the second frequency using the first antenna port, wherein the second antenna port may be in a low-power state during the first and second time intervals; during a third time interval, transmitting the second frequency component of the excitation signal at the first frequency using the second antenna port; and during a fourth time interval, transmitting the second frequency component of the excitation signal at the second frequency using the second antenna port, wherein the first antenna port may be in the low-power state during the third and fourth time intervals.

[0016] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the one or more parameters include a first on / off keying mode associated with the first frequency, a second on / off keying mode associated with the second frequency, a third on / off keying mode associated with the first antenna port, a fourth on / off keying signal associated with the second antenna port, a first phase scrambling mode associated with the first frequency, a second phase scrambling mode associated with the second frequency, or any combination thereof.

[0017] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for sending control signaling indicating one or more parameters to a receiving device of the backscattered signal.

[0018] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for receiving the backscattered signal from the backscattering device according to one or more parameters.

[0019] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, one or more parameters may be associated with symbol duration or subsymbol duration.

[0020] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first frequency and the second frequency may be offset in frequency based on reverse divergence radio frequency shift.

[0021] A method for wireless communication by a device is described. The method may include: receiving control signaling from a transmitting device of an excitation signal, indicating one or more parameters for the excitation signal; and receiving a backscattered signal of the excitation signal from a backscattering device based on the one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0022] An apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include one or more memories storing processor-executable code and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be able to operate individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the apparatus to: receive control signaling from a transmitting device of an excitation signal indicating one or more parameters for the excitation signal; and receive a backscattered signal of the excitation signal from a backscattering device based on the one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0023] Another apparatus for wireless communication is described. The apparatus may include: components for receiving control signaling from a transmitting device of an excitation signal, indicating one or more parameters for the excitation signal; and components for receiving a backscattered signal of the excitation signal from a backscattering device based on the one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0024] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication is described. The code may include instructions executable by a processor to: receive control signaling from a transmitting device of an excitation signal, indicating one or more parameters for the excitation signal; and receive a backscattered signal of the excitation signal from a backscattering device based on the one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0025] In some examples of the methods, apparatus, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the backscattered signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following: during a first time interval, receiving the first frequency component of the backscattered signal at a third frequency; during the first time interval, receiving the second frequency component of the backscattered signal at a fourth frequency; during a second time interval, receiving the first frequency component of the backscattered signal at the fourth frequency; and during the second time interval, receiving the second frequency component of the backscattered signal at the third frequency.

[0026] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first time interval may be a first symbol duration associated with the backscattering device, and the second time interval may be a second symbol duration associated with the backscattering device.

[0027] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the first time interval may be a first portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattering device, and the second time interval may be a second portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattering device.

[0028] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the third frequency may be the same as the first frequency, and the fourth frequency may be the same as the second frequency.

[0029] Some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein may also include operations, features, components, or instructions for decoding the backscattered signal based on a first phase scrambling mode and a second phase scrambling mode, wherein the one or more parameters indicate the first phase scrambling mode and the second phase scrambling mode.

[0030] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, receiving the backscattered signal may include operations, features, components, or instructions for performing the following: during a first time interval, receiving the first frequency component of the backscattered signal at a third frequency; during a second time interval, receiving the first frequency component of the backscattered signal at a fourth frequency; during a third time interval, receiving the second frequency component of the backscattered signal at the third frequency; and during a fourth time interval, receiving the second frequency component of the backscattered signal at the fourth frequency.

[0031] In some examples of the methods, apparatuses, and nontransitory computer-readable media described herein, the third frequency may be the same as the first frequency, and the fourth frequency may be the same as the second frequency. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0034] Figure 3 An example of an excitation signal frequency switching configuration supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication is shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0035] Figure 4 An example of signal generation supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0036] Figure 5 An example of signal generation supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0037] Figure 6 An example of a backscatter sideband configuration supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication is shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 7An example of a process flow supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0039] Figure 8 and Figure 9 A block diagram of an apparatus supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0040] Figure 10 A block diagram of a communication manager supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0041] Figure 11 A diagram is shown of a system including a UE supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0042] Figure 12 A diagram is shown of a system comprising a network entity supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0043] Figures 13 to 17 A flowchart illustrating a method for transmit diversity for backscatter communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Some wireless communication systems support environmental Internet of Things (IoT) or passive IoT communication. Environmental IoT can utilize low-complexity or low-power devices that may have limited energy storage or use an external power source (such as by harvesting radio frequency energy). Some environmental IoT devices can be passive or lack active radio frequency components. For example, backscattering devices can use antenna modulation to perform backscattering communication without active radio frequency generation. Backscattering devices can modulate incoming radio frequency signals by switching load impedance to change the amplitude, phase, or frequency of the backscattered signal. As backscattering communication is implemented in more scenarios, the range of backscattering links can increase. However, increased range can lead to fading, which may degrade backscattering performance.

[0045] A transmitting device can use multiple transmitting antenna ports and transmit excitation signals to a backscattering device at different frequencies. Enabling different transmitting antennas to transmit excitation signals improves frequency diversity for backscatter communication, which reduces fading in backscatter communication over long distances. For example, a first antenna port can transmit a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency, and a second antenna port can transmit a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency. In some examples, the transmitting device can perform frequency switching by transmitting the first frequency component of the excitation signal using the first antenna port (e.g., at a first frequency) during a first time duration, and then switching to transmitting the second frequency component of the excitation signal using the first antenna port (e.g., at a second frequency) during a second time duration. In some examples, the transmitting device can use different antenna ports to transmit frequency components of the excitation signal depending on an on / off keying mode. In some examples, the reader device receiving the backscattered signal can be a different device, and the transmitting device can indicate the on / off keying mode to the reader device. In some other examples, the transmitting device can be a reader device for the backscattered signal, and the transmitting device can monitor the backscattered signal. In some examples, the transmitting device may use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) compatible techniques, such as performing a wide fast Fourier transform (FFT) or a narrow FFT process on the on-keying mode, to generate the excitation signal.

[0046] The aspects of this disclosure are first described in the context of a wireless communication system. These aspects are further illustrated and described by way of apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts relating to transmit diversity for backscatter communication.

[0047] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system 100 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an Advanced LTE (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating under other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0048] Network entity 105 may be distributed across a geographical area to form wireless communication system 100, and may include devices employing different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, mobility element, radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, etc. In some examples, network entity 105 and UE 115 may wirelessly communicate via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., radio frequency (RF) access links). For example, network entity 105 may support coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographical coverage area) within which UE 115 and network entity 105 may establish one or more communication links 125. Coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographical area within which network entity 105 and UE 115 may support the transmission of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs).

[0049] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the coverage area 110 of wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile, or stationary and mobile at different times. UE 115 can be devices in different forms or with different capabilities. Figure 1 Some example UE 115s are illustrated herein. The UE 115 described herein can be able to support various types of devices (such as, e.g., ...). Figure 1 It communicates with other UEs (115 or network entity 105) as shown.

[0050] As described herein, nodes of the wireless communication system 100 (which may be referred to as network nodes or wireless nodes) may be network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein), UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein), network controller, apparatus, device, computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be UE 115. Alternatively, a node may be network entity 105. Furthermore, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second or third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be UE 115, the second node may be network entity 105, and the third node may be network entity 105. In other aspects of this example, the first node, the second node, and the third node may be different from these examples. Similarly, references to UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., may include disclosures of UE 115, network entity 105, device, equipment, computing system, etc., as nodes. For example, a disclosure that UE 115 is configured to receive information from network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.

[0051] In some examples, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130, communicate with each other, or both. For example, network entity 105 may communicate with core network 130 via one or more backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via core network 130) via backhaul communication links 120 (e.g., according to X2, Xn, or other interface protocols). In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with each other via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., according to midhaul interface protocol) or fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., according to fronthaul interface protocol) or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, or fronthaul communication link 168 may be one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof, or may include one or more wired links (e.g., electrical links, fiber optic links), one or more wireless links (e.g., radio links, wireless optical links), etc., or various combinations thereof. UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via communication link 155.

[0052] One or more network entities in network entity 105 described herein may include or be referred to as base station 140 (e.g., transceiver base station, radio base station, NR base station, access point, radio transceiver, node B, eNodeB (eNB), next-generation node B or gigabit node B (any of which may be referred to as gNB), 5G NB, next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), home node B, home evolution node B, or other suitable terms). In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture that may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single network entity 105 (e.g., a single RAN node, such as base station 140).

[0053] In some examples, network entity 105 may be implemented in a decomposed architecture (e.g., a decomposed base station architecture, a decomposed RAN architecture) that can be configured to utilize protocol stacks physically or logically distributed across two or more network entities 105, such as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) network, an Open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance), or a Virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a Cloud RAN (C-RAN)). For example, network entity 105 may include one or more of the following: a Central Unit (CU) 160, a Distributed Unit (DU) 165, a Radio Unit (RU) 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 175 (e.g., a near-real-time RIC, a non-real-time RIC), a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) 180 system, or any combination thereof. 170 may also be referred to as a radio headend, intelligent radio headend, remote radio headend (RRH), remote radio unit (RRU), or transmit / receive point (TRP). One or more components of network entity 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of network entity 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations). In some examples, one or more network entities 105 in a decomposed RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., virtual CU (VCU), virtual DU (VDU), virtual RU (VRU)).

[0054] The functional splitting among CU 160, DU 165, and RU 170 is flexible and can support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, and any combination thereof) are performed at CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170. For example, a protocol stack functional splitting can be used between CU 160 and DU 165, allowing CU 160 to support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and DU 165 to support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, CU 160 can host higher protocol layer (e.g., Layer 3 (L3), Layer 2 (L2)) functionalities and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP)). CU 160 can connect to one or more DU 165 or RU 170, and one or more DU 165 or RU 170 can host lower protocol layers, such as Layer 1 (L1) (e.g., Physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, Medium Access Control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and each can be at least partially controlled by CU 160. Additionally or alternatively, a protocol stack functional split can be employed between DU 165 and RU 170, such that DU 165 can support one or more layers of the protocol stack, and RU 170 can support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. DU 165 can support one or more different cells (e.g., via one or more RU 170). In some cases, functional decomposition between CU 160 and DU 165, or between DU 165 and RU 170, can be performed within the protocol layer (e.g., some functions of the protocol layer can be performed by one of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer can be performed by different of CU 160, DU 165, or RU 170). CU 160 can be further functionally decomposed into CU control plane (CU-CP) functions and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. CU 160 can be connected to one or more DU 165 via midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u), and DU 165 can be connected to one or more RU 170 via fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface). In some examples, the midhaul communication link 162 or the fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented based on the interfaces (e.g., channels) between the layers of the protocol stack, which are supported by the corresponding network entities 105 communicating via such communication links.

[0055] In a wireless communication system (e.g., wireless communication system 100), the infrastructure and spectrum resources for radio access can support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, thereby providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to core network 130). In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) may be partially controlled by each other. One or more IAB nodes 104 may be referred to as donor entities or IAB donors. One or more DU 165s or one or more RU 170s may be partially controlled by one or more CU 160s associated with donor network entity 105 (e.g., donor base station 140). One or more donor network entities 105 (e.g., IAB donors) may communicate with one or more additional network entities 105 (e.g., IAB node 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link 120). IAB node 104 may include an IAB mobile terminal (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by a DU 165 of a coupled IAB donor. The IAB-MT may include a separate set of antennas for relaying communication with UE 115, or may share the same antennas (e.g., those of RU 170) for access to IAB node 104 via DU 165 of IAB node 104. (e.g., referred to as a virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT)). In some examples, IAB node 104 may include a DU 165 that supports communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node 104, UE 115) within a relay chain or configuration (e.g., downstream) of the access network. In such cases, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., one or more IAB nodes 104 or components of IAB node 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.

[0056] For example, the access network (AN) or RAN may include communication between an access node (e.g., an IAB donor), IAB node 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connectivity between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130). That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node having a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include a CU 160 and at least one DU 165 (e.g., and RU 170), wherein the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link). The IAB donor and IAB node 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol defining the signaling messages (e.g., the F1 AP protocol). Additionally or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network via an interface (which may be part of a backhaul link) and may communicate with other CU 160s (e.g., CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface (which may be part of a backhaul link).

[0057] IAB node 104 may refer to a RAN node that provides IAB functionality (e.g., access for UE 115, radio self-backhaul capability, etc.). DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node toward child nodes associated with IAB node 104, and IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node toward a parent node associated with IAB node 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node communicating with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay UE transmissions through one or more other IAB nodes 104). Additionally or alternatively, depending on the AN's relay chain or configuration, IAB node 104 may also be referred to as a parent node or child node of other IAB nodes 104. Therefore, the IAB-MT entity of IAB node 104 can provide a Uu interface for child IAB node 104 to receive signaling from parent IAB node 104, and the DU interface (e.g., DU 165) can provide a Uu interface for parent IAB node 104 to send signaling notifications to child IAB node 104 or UE 115.

[0058] For example, IAB node 104 may be referred to as a parent node supporting communication to child IAB nodes, or as a child IAB node associated with an IAB donor, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 having a wired or wireless connection to core network 130 (e.g., backhaul communication link 120) and may act as a parent node of IAB node 104. For example, the IAB donor's DU 165 may relay transmissions to UE 115 via IAB node 104, or may signal transmissions directly to UE 115, or both. The IAB donor's CU 160 may signal the establishment of a communication link to IAB node 104 via an F1 interface, and IAB node 104 may schedule transmissions via DU 165 (e.g., transmissions relayed from the IAB donor to UE 115). That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node 104 via signaling through the NR Uu interface of the MT to IAB node 104. Communication with IAB node 104 can be scheduled by DU 165 of the IAB donor, and communication with IAB node 104 can be scheduled by DU 165 of IAB node 104.

[0059] In the context of applying the techniques described herein to a decomposed RAN architecture, one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture can be configured to support transmit diversity for backscatter communication as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by UE 115 or network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) may additionally or alternatively be performed by one or more components of the decomposed RAN architecture (e.g., IAB node 104, DU 165, CU 160, RU 170, RIC 175, SMO 180).

[0060] UE 115 may include or be referred to as a mobile device, wireless device, remote device, handheld device, or subscriber device, or any other suitable term, wherein "device" may also be referred to as a cell, station, terminal, or client, etc. UE 115 may also include or be referred to as a personal electronic device, such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet computer, laptop computer, or personal computer. In some examples, UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, Internet of Things (IoT) device, Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, etc., which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances or vehicles, meters, etc.

[0061] The UE 115 described herein can communicate with various types of devices, such as other UEs 115 that sometimes act as relays, network entities 105, and network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, etc. Figure 1 As shown.

[0062] UE 115 and network entity 105 can wirelessly communicate with each other via one or more communication links 125 (e.g., access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term "carrier" can refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined physical layer structure for supporting communication link 125. For example, a carrier for communication link 125 may include a portion of the RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth portion (BWP)) operating according to one or more physical layer channels for a given radio access technology (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR). Each physical layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information), control signaling coordinating carrier operation, user data, or other signaling. Wireless communication system 100 may support communication with UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. Depending on the carrier aggregation configuration, UE 115 may be configured to utilize multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers. Carrier aggregation can be used in conjunction with both frequency division duplex (FDD) component carriers and time division duplex (TDD) component carriers. Communication between network entity 105 and other devices can refer to communication between these devices and any part of network entity 105 (e.g., entity, sub-entity). For example, the terms “send,” “receive,” or “communicate” when referring to network entity 105 can refer to any part of the RAN’s network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, CU 160, DU 165, RU 170) communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities 105).

[0063] In some examples, such as in carrier aggregation configurations, a carrier may also have acquisition signaling or control signaling to coordinate the operation of other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) Absolute RF Channel Number (EARFCN)) and may be identified according to a channel grating used for discovery by UE 115. A carrier may operate in standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection can be performed by UE 115 via that carrier, or the carrier may operate in non-standalone mode, in which case different carriers (e.g., the same or different radio access technologies) are used to anchor the connection.

[0064] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmission (e.g., forward link transmission) from network entity 105 to UE 115, uplink transmission (e.g., return link transmission) from UE 115 to network entity 105, or both, as well as other transmission configurations. A carrier may carry downlink communication or uplink communication (e.g., in FDD mode), or may be configured to carry both downlink and uplink communication (e.g., in TDD mode).

[0065] A carrier may be associated with a specific bandwidth of the RF spectrum, and in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as the carrier or the “system bandwidth” of the wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one bandwidth in a set of bandwidths for a particular radio access technology (e.g., 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz). Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communication using a specific carrier bandwidth, or may be configured to support communication using one carrier bandwidth in a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include network entity 105 or UE 115 that supports concurrent communication using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured to operate using a portion (e.g., subband, BWP) or all of the carrier bandwidth.

[0066] The signal waveform transmitted via a carrier may include multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM)). In a system employing MCM, a resource element may refer to a resource of one symbol period (e.g., the duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The number of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the decoding rate of the modulation scheme, or both), such that a relatively high number of resource elements (e.g., in the transmission duration) and a relatively high modulation scheme order correspond to a relatively high communication rate. Wireless communication resources may refer to a combination of RF spectrum resources, temporal resources, and spatial resources (e.g., spatial layers or beams), and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity used for communication with UE 115.

[0067] It can support one or more sets of parameters for a carrier, and the set of parameters may include subcarrier spacing ( The carrier can be divided into one or more BWPs with the same or different sets of parameters. In some examples, the UE 115 can be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP of a carrier can be active at a given time, and the communication of the UE 115 can be constrained to one or more active BWPs.

[0068] The time interval for network entity 105 or UE 115 can be expressed as a multiple of a basic time unit, such as the sampling period. seconds, of which It can represent the supported subcarrier spacing, and This can represent the supported Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) size. The time interval of the communication resources can be organized according to radio frames, each with a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms)). Each radio frame can be identified by a System Frame Number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023).

[0069] Each frame may include multiple consecutively numbered subframes or time slots, and each subframe or time slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may (e.g., in the time domain) be divided into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a number of time slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable number of time slots, and the number of time slots may depend on the subcarrier spacing. Each time slot may include a number of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix appended to each symbol period). In some wireless communication systems 100, time slots may be further divided into multiple micro-time slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., The duration of a symbol period is associated with a (number) sampling period. The duration of a symbol period can depend on the subcarrier spacing or the operating frequency band.

[0070] A subframe, time slot, micro-time slot, or symbol can be the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., in the time domain) and can be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI). In some examples, the duration of the TTI (e.g., the number of symbol periods in the TTI) can be variable. Additionally or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 can be dynamically selected (e.g., in a burst of shortened TTIs (sTTIs)).

[0071] Depending on the technology, carriers can be used to multiplex physical channels for communication. One or more of Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM), or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques can be used, for example, to multiplex physical control channels and physical data channels for signaling via a downlink carrier. The control region (e.g., control resource set (CORESET)) of the physical control channel can be defined by a set of symbol periods and can extend across the system bandwidth of the carrier or a subset of that bandwidth. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESET) can be configured for a set of UEs 115. For example, one or more UEs in UE 115 can monitor or search for control regions to obtain control information based on one or more search space sets, and each search space set can include one or more control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a concatenated manner. The aggregation level of control channel candidates can refer to the amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs)) associated with coded information for a control information format having a given payload size. The search space set may include: a common search space set configured to transmit control information to multiple UEs 115, and a UE-specific search space set used to transmit control information to a specific UE 115.

[0072] In some examples, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may be mobile, and thus provide communication coverage to mobile coverage areas 110. In some examples, different coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may overlap, but the different coverage areas 110 may be supported by the same network entity 105. In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas 110 associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities 105. The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of network entities 105 use the same or different radio access technologies to provide coverage for various coverage areas 110.

[0073] Some UE 115s (such as MTC or IoT devices) can be low-cost or low-complexity devices and can provide automated communication between machines (e.g., via machine-to-machine (M2M) communication). M2M communication or MTC can refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with each other or with network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communication from devices with integrated sensors or meters to measure or acquire information and relay such information to a central server or application that uses the information or presents it to people interacting with the application. Some UE 115s may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include: smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geographic event monitoring, queue management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based commercial charging.

[0074] Some UE 115s can be configured to operate in a power-saving mode, such as half-duplex communication (e.g., a mode that supports unidirectional communication via transmission or reception but does not involve concurrent transmission and reception). In some examples, half-duplex communication can be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power-saving techniques for UE 115s include entering a power-saving deep sleep mode when not engaged in active communication, operating with limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communication), or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UE 115s can be configured to operate using a narrowband protocol type associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., a set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs)) within a carrier, within a carrier's guard band, or outside a carrier.

[0075] Wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communication or low-latency communication, or various combinations thereof. For example, wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC). UE 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communication may include private or group communication and may be supported by one or more services, such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritizing services, and such services may be used for public safety or general business applications. The terms “ultra-reliable,” “low-latency,” and “ultra-reliable low-latency” are used interchangeably herein.

[0076] In some examples, UE 115 may be configured to support direct communication with other UE 115s via device-to-device (D2D) communication link 135 (e.g., according to peer-to-peer (P2P), D2D, or sidelink protocols). In some examples, one or more UE 115s performing D2D communication in a group may be within the coverage area 110 of network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170), which may support aspects of such D2D communication configured (e.g., scheduled by network entity 105). In some examples, one or more UE 115s in such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of network entity 105, or may otherwise be unable or not configured to receive transmissions from network entity 105. In some examples, the group of UE 115s communicating via D2D communication may support a one-to-many (1:M) system, where each UE 115 transmits to each of the other UE 115s in the group. In some examples, network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources used for D2D communication. In other examples, D2D communication may be performed between UEs 115 without involving network entity 105.

[0077] Core network 130 provides user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. Core network 130 can be an evolved packet core (EPC) or a 5G core (5GC), which may include at least one control plane entity (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME), access and mobility management function (AMF)) for managing access and mobility, and at least one user plane entity (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW), packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW), or user plane function (UPF)) for routing packets or interconnecting to external networks. The control plane entity manages non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management of UE 115 served by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140) associated with core network 130. User IP packets can be transferred through user plane entities, which provide IP address allocation and other functions. User plane entities can connect to one or more network operator IP services 150. IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, intranets, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), or packet-switched streaming services.

[0078] Wireless communication system 100 can operate using one or more frequency bands in the range of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. Generally, the area from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is referred to as the Ultra High Frequency (UHF) band or decimeter band because the wavelength range is approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features (which may be referred to as clusters), but these waves are sufficient to penetrate structures so that macrocells can provide service to UE 115 located indoors. Compared to communication using smaller frequencies and longer wavelengths in the lower frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portions of the spectrum below 300 MHz, communication using UHF waves can be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than 100 km).

[0079] Wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, wireless communication system 100 may use unlicensed bands (such as the 5 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band) to employ Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), LTE Unlicensed (LTE-U) radio access technology, or NR technology. When operating with unlicensed RF spectrum, devices such as network entity 105 and UE 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operation using unlicensed bands may be combined with component carriers operating with licensed bands based on carrier aggregation configurations (e.g., LAA). Operation using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmission, uplink transmission, P2P transmission, or D2D transmission, etc.

[0080] Network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) or UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas that can be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication, or beamforming. The antennas of network entity 105 or UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which can support MIMO operation or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly (such as an antenna tower). In some examples, the antennas or antenna arrays associated with network entity 105 may be located at different geographical locations. Network entity 105 may include an antenna array having a collection of multiple rows and columns of antenna ports that network entity 105 can use to support beamforming for communication with UE 115. Similarly, UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that can support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally or alternatively, the antenna panel may support RF beamforming for signals transmitted via the antenna ports.

[0081] Network entity 105 or UE 115 can use MIMO communication to leverage multipath signal propagation and improve spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. This technique is known as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals can be transmitted, for example, by a transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Similarly, the multiple signals can be received by a receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals can be referred to as a separate spatial stream and can carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords). Different spatial layers can be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include: single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device; and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), where multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.

[0082] Beamforming (also known as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception) is a signal processing technique that can be used at a transmitting or receiving device (e.g., network entity 105, UE 115) to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting and receiving devices. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals transmitted via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along a specific orientation relative to the antenna array experience constructive interference, while other signals experience destructive interference. Adjustments to the signals transmitted via the antenna elements may include applying amplitude shifts, phase shifts, or both to the signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of these antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a specific orientation (e.g., relative to the antenna array of the transmitting or receiving device or relative to some other orientation).

[0083] Network entity 105 or UE 115 may use beam scanning technology as part of beamforming operations. For example, network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to perform beamforming operations for directional communication with UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted multiple times by network entity 105 in different directions. For example, network entity 105 may transmit signals according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different transmission directions. Beam directions may be identified (e.g., by a transmitting device (such as network entity 105) or by a receiving device (such as UE 115)) by transmission along different beam directions for later transmission or reception by network entity 105.

[0084] Some signals (such as data signals associated with a specific receiving device) may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting network entity 105, transmitting UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., the direction associated with a receiving device (such as receiving network entity 105 or receiving UE 115). In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmission along a single beam direction may be determined based on the signals transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, UE 115 may receive one or more signals transmitted by network entity 105 in different directions and may report to network entity 105 an indication of signals received by UE 115 with the highest signal quality or other acceptable signal quality.

[0085] In some examples, transmissions performed by a device (e.g., network entity 105 or UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital pre-decoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from network entity 105 to UE 115). UE 115 may report feedback indicating pre-decoding weights for one or more beam directions, and this feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across the system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. Network entity 105 may transmit reference signals (e.g., cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS)) that may or may not be pre-decoded. UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a pre-decoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., multi-panel codebook, linear combination codebook, port selection codebook). Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted by network entity 105 (e.g., base station 140, RU 170) along one or more directions, UE 115 may use similar techniques to transmit signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., to identify the beam direction used by UE 115 for subsequent transmission or reception), or to transmit signals along a single direction (e.g., to transmit data to a receiving device).

[0086] A receiving device (e.g., UE 115) may perform reception operations according to multiple reception configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals (such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) from a transmitting device (e.g., network entity 105). For example, the receiving device may perform reception according to multiple reception directions by: receiving via different antenna subarrays; processing the received signal according to different antenna subarrays; receiving according to different sets of reception beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array (e.g., different directional listening weight sets); or processing the received signal according to different sets of reception beamforming weights applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of the antenna array. Any of these operations may be referred to as “listening” according to different reception configurations or reception directions. In some examples, the receiving device may use a single reception configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when a data signal is received). A single receiver configuration can be aligned along a beam direction determined by listening according to different receiver configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have the highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), or other acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions).

[0087] The wireless communication system 100 can be a packet-based network operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communication at the bearer or PDCP layer can be IP-based. The RLC layer performs packet segmentation and reassembly for transmission via logical channels. The MAC layer performs priority processing and multiplexing of logical channels to transport channels. The MAC layer can also implement error detection, error correction, or both to support retransmission and improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the RRC layer can provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of RRC connections between the UE 115 and network entity 105 or core network 130 supporting user plane data radio bearers. The PHY layer maps transport channels to physical channels.

[0088] UE 115 and network entity 105 can support data retransmission to increase the likelihood of successful data reception. Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) feedback is a technique used to increase the likelihood of correctly receiving data via communication links (e.g., communication link 125, D2D communication link 135). HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)), forward error correction (FEC), and retransmission (e.g., Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)). HARQ can improve throughput at the MAC layer under poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise ratio conditions). In some examples, the device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific time slot for data received via a previous symbol in that time slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in subsequent time slots or according to a different time interval.

[0089] The wireless communication system 100 can support environmental IoT or passive IoT devices. Environmental IoT devices can be low-complexity and low-power devices. In some examples, environmental IoT devices may not have internal energy storage devices (e.g., they may not have batteries) and can use external energy sources (such as via radio frequency energy harvesting). In some examples, environmental IoT devices may have limited energy storage devices (which cannot be manually replaced or recharged), such as supercapacitors or high-efficiency capacitors.

[0090] Environmental IoT devices can be passive devices or devices without active radio frequency components. For example, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags or backscattering devices can be examples of environmental IoT devices that use passive radio frequency elements to perform backscattering communication. Backscattering devices can perform data transmission based on the modulation of incident radio frequency signals transmitted by an environmental transmitter (such as UE 115 or network entity 105). The environmental radio frequency signal can be a signal resource for backscattering communication and an energy resource for energy harvesting at the backscattering device.

[0091] In some examples, backscatter communication can be unistationary, where the same device performs both sending an excitation signal to the backscattering device and receiving a backscattered signal. For example, UE 115 can support full-duplex communication to simultaneously send and receive both. UE 115 can send an excitation signal to the backscattering device, and UE 115 can receive a backscattered signal from the backscattering device via a backscattering link. Alternatively or additionally, backscatter communication can be bistationary, where the device sending the excitation signal to the backscattering device is different from the device receiving or reading the backscattered signal. For example, network entity 105 can send an excitation signal to the backscattering device, and UE 115 can receive a backscattered signal from the backscattering device via a backscattering link.

[0092] In some examples, the environmental IoT device can be configurable. For example, a device such as UE 115 or network entity 105 can send signaling to the backscattering device via a forward link. The forward link can carry control signaling to the backscattering device. In some examples, control signaling via the forward link may not be backscattered.

[0093] In backscatter communication, information transmission can be performed via antenna modulation. Antenna modulation may not involve active radio frequency generation. A backscattering device can modulate an incoming radio frequency signal by switching the load impedance at the backscattering device to change the amplitude, phase, or frequency of the backscattered signal. For example, a backscattering device can switch the value of the load impedance between a very high impedance and a matched load. With high impedance, the mismatch between the antenna impedance and the load impedance can reflect all the power back to the reader. When the backscattering device applies a matched impedance, most of the power from the incoming radio frequency signal is absorbed, and the lower power is reflected back to the reader in the backscattered signal. Switching the impedance with frequency can produce a frequency shift in the incident signal. For example, the baseband frequency can be shifted. It can separate the backscattered signal from the incident radio frequency signal in the frequency domain and reduce mutual interference.

[0094] Some environmental IoT technologies in certain wireless communication systems may have limited range. For example, some backscatter devices in these systems may only have a range of a few meters. As environmental IoT devices are implemented in more scenarios, the range of these devices (such as those used for backscatter communication) may need to be increased. However, as the range increases, fading may impair the link performance of environmental IoT devices.

[0095] Transmit diversity techniques (such as spatial diversity, frequency diversity, or time diversity) can reduce fading. For some communications, spatial diversity may include using multiple receive antennas or employing open-loop or closed-loop beamforming for carrier signal transmission. Frequency diversity may include increasing the backscatter signal bandwidth or supporting frequency hopping for tag symbol transmission. Time diversity may include enabling HARQ or using interleaved resource mapping for backscatter device symbols. The backscatter device may have a single antenna, and transmit diversity for backscatter communication can be applied at the reader side to transmit the carrier signal to the backscatter device. In some cases, because the backscatter channel is a cascade of the forward and backscatter links, improving transmit diversity of the carrier signal on the forward link may not always improve the strength of the backscatter channel. In some cases, if the backscatter excitation signal is a continuous wave, some open-loop transmit diversity techniques (e.g., cyclic delay diversity, pre-decoder loop) may not be applicable based on a continuous wave with a single frequency.

[0096] The wireless communication system 100 supports techniques for converting spatial diversity to frequency diversity by enabling different transmitting antennas to transmit radio frequency carrier signals or excitation signals to a backscattering device at different frequencies. For example, a first antenna port can transmit a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency f1, and a second antenna port can transmit a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency f2. A reader can receive the backscattered signals at both f1 and f2. For example, a combined backscattering channel can be provided by... Given, among which and It is a forward link channel from two transmitting antennas to the backscattering device, and This is the channel from the backscattering device to the receiving antenna of the reader device. In some examples, the transmitter device may apply antenna hopping or frequency switching, or both. For example, the transmitter device may perform inter-symbol hopping and frequency switching while transmitting the excitation signal.

[0097] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication system 200 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown. The wireless communication system 200 may include a first device 205, a second device 210, and a backscatter device 215.

[0098] The first device 205 and the second device 210 can each be used as references. Figure 1 Examples of UE 115 or network entity 105 described herein. First device 205 and second device 210 may communicate via one or more communication links 220. For example, first device 205 may be an example of UE 115, and second device 210 may be an example of network entity 105, and first device 205 and second device 210 may communicate via a Uu link. In some examples, first device 205 and second device 210 may each be an example of UE 115, and first device 205 and second device 210 may communicate via a side link.

[0099] Backscattering device 215 may be an example of an environmental IoT device or a passive IoT device. For example, backscattering device 215 may be an example of an environmental IoT UE (e.g., a tag). Backscattering device 215 may communicate using backscattering signaling. Backscattering or backscatter-based communication includes techniques for transmitting data using incident radio frequency signals without batteries or power sources by employing passive reflection and modulation of the incoming radio frequency signal and converting that signal into electricity that can subsequently be used for data communication. For example, backscattering device 215 may include backscattering system 225. Backscattering system 225 may modulate a portion of the incoming signal (such as excitation signal 230) and reflect it back as a backscattered signal 235. In some examples, backscattering device 215 may harvest some energy from the incoming signal to power backscattering device 215 or to power energy storage devices of backscattering device 215. In some implementations, first device 205 may be an environmental device that relies entirely on backscatter-based communication or energy harvesting or both for wireless communication. In some implementations, first device 205 may be a hybrid device that includes an energy storage component.

[0100] The wireless communication system 200 can support a monostation backscatter implementation, a bistation backscatter implementation, or both. For example, in a monostation backscatter implementation, the first device 205 can support full-duplex communication for simultaneous transmission and reception. The first device 205 can send an excitation signal 230 to the backscattering device 215 and receive a backscattered signal 235-a from the backscattering device 215. In a bistation backscatter implementation, the first device 205 can send the excitation signal 230 to the backscattering device 215, and different devices (such as device 210) can receive a backscattered signal 235-b from the backscattering device 215. In some examples, devices supporting full-duplex or half-duplex communication can employ bistation backscatter communication.

[0101] The wireless communication system 200 may support techniques such as transmitting the excitation signal 230 by using antenna hopping or frequency switching, or both, to provide transmit diversity for backscatter communication. For example, the first device 205 may be equipped with multiple antenna ports. The first device 205 may use a first antenna port to transmit a first frequency component of the excitation signal 230 at a first frequency, and the first device 205 may use a second antenna port to transmit a second frequency component of the excitation signal 230 at a second frequency. The backscattering device 215 may receive both frequency components of the excitation signal 230, modulate the excitation signal 230, and deliver the backscattered signal 235 to a reader device, such as the first device 205 or the second device 210. In some examples, the reader may receive both frequency components of the backscattered signal at corresponding frequencies.

[0102] In some examples, the first device 205 may perform antenna switching or frequency switching, or both, to transmit excitation signal 230. For example, during a first duration, the first device 205 may use a first antenna port to transmit a first frequency component at a first frequency, and the first device 205 may use a second antenna port to transmit a second frequency component at a second frequency. During a second duration, the first device 205 may use the first antenna port to transmit the second frequency component at the second frequency, and the first device 205 may use the second antenna port to transmit the first frequency component at the first frequency. For example, the first device 205 may switch the transmission frequency of the antenna port across different durations. (See reference...) Figure 3 The described excitation signal frequency exchange configuration illustrates some examples of performing frequency exchange to send excitation signals.

[0103] The first device 205 may determine parameters for generating the excitation signal 230. For example, the first device 205 may determine on / off keying parameters, such as a first on / off switch at a first antenna port for a first frequency component of the excitation signal 230 and a second on / off switch at a second antenna port for a second frequency component of the excitation signal 230. In some examples, the second on / off switch for the antenna port may be complementary to the first on / off switch for the antenna port. For example, the first on / off switch at the first antenna port for the first frequency component may be [1, 0, 1, 0], where each value corresponds to a different time duration, and the second on / off switch at the first antenna port for the second frequency component may be [0, 1, 0, 1], where each value corresponds to the same corresponding time duration. For example, the first device 205 may use the first antenna port to transmit the first frequency component at a first frequency (e.g., "1") and not transmit the second frequency component at a second frequency (e.g., "0") during the duration. References herein, such as... Figure 3 Other examples are described, such as sending the excitation signal 230 at once using a single antenna port.

[0104] In some examples, the first device 205 may send instructions to the second device 210 regarding parameters used for the excitation signal 230. For example, if the second device 210 is a reader or receiver of the backscattered signal 235, the first device 205 may instruct the second device 210 on parameters that help the second device 210 receive or decode the backscattered signal 235. In some examples, the first device 205 may send control signaling indicating an on / off keying mode, the frequency of the frequency components of the excitation signal 230, phase scrambling parameters, or any combination thereof.

[0105] While some of the examples described use two antenna ports, the transmitting device can use different numbers of antenna ports to transmit the frequency components of the excitation signal 230. As an example, the first device 205 can use four or eight antenna ports to transmit four or eight frequency components of the excitation signal 230, respectively. Frequency hopping and frequency switching techniques can be similarly implemented for different numbers of antenna ports.

[0106] Figure 3 Examples of excitation signal frequency switching configurations 300, 301, and 302 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure are shown.

[0107] The first device may use multiple transmit antenna ports to transmit excitation signals to the backscattering device at different frequencies. For example, the first device may use a first antenna port 305 (e.g., Tx1) to transmit a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency 315, and the first device may use a second antenna port 310 (e.g., Tx2) to transmit a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency 320. The first device may perform frequency switching or antenna switching to switch frequencies at the antenna ports. In some examples, frequency switching or antenna switching may be performed across different durations or time intervals. For example, the first device may switch the antenna frequency based on the symbol duration associated with the backscattering device or the symbol duration of backscattering communication performed by the backscattering device. In some examples, the symbol duration of the backscattering device may be referred to as a tag symbol. The duration of the tag symbol may be the same as or different from the duration of symbols used by the first device for other communications (e.g., sidelink signaling, Uu signaling).

[0108] The excitation signal frequency exchange configuration 300 can be an example of an inter-symbol frequency exchange configuration. For example, the first device can exchange frequencies between the first tag symbol (e.g., the tag symbol). Within the first tag symbol, the first device uses the first antenna port 305-a to transmit a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency 315, and the first device can use the second antenna port 310-a to transmit a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency during the first tag symbol period. During the next tag symbol period, the two transmitting antenna ports can exchange frequencies to transmit the frequency component of the excitation signal. For example, the first antenna port 305-a can be used in the second tag symbol (e.g., tag symbol). During the second tag symbol period, a second frequency component is transmitted at a second frequency 320, and the second antenna port 310-a can transmit a first frequency component at a first frequency 315 during the second tag symbol period. In some examples, the antenna port can switch frequencies during each symbol duration while transmitting the excitation signal.

[0109] The excitation signal frequency switching configuration 301 can be an example of an in-symbol frequency switching configuration. For example, the first device can switch the frequency in the first part of the tag symbol (e.g., the tag symbol). During the first portion of the first tag symbol, the first antenna port 305-b transmits a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency 315, and the first device may use a second antenna port 310-b to transmit a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency during the first portion of the first tag symbol. During the second portion of the first tag symbol, the two transmitting antenna ports may exchange frequencies to transmit frequency components of the excitation signal. For example, the first antenna port 305-b may transmit the second frequency component at a second frequency 320 during the second portion of the first tag symbol, and the second antenna port 310-b may transmit the first frequency component at a first frequency 315 during the second portion of the first tag symbol.

[0110] In some examples, for intra-symbol frequency switching, the tag symbol period can be an integer multiple of the duration of the frequency component of the excitation signal at a given frequency. For example, a tag symbol in excitation signal frequency switching configuration 301 can be twice the duration of the transmitted frequency component at the antenna port. In some examples, the tag symbol rate can be reduced for intra-symbol frequency switching. In some examples, the first device can use an on / off keying pattern for the excitation signal to mask a continuous wave signal to support intra-symbol frequency switching without reducing the tag rate. For example, a carrier at a first frequency 315 (such as a continuous wave) can be multiplied by an antenna-specific time-domain on / off keying pattern at the sample level. In some cases, the carrier at the first frequency 315 can be used to mask or multiply by the on / off keying pattern [1, 0, 1, 0] for the first antenna port 305-b and the on / off keying pattern [0, 1, 0, 1] for the second antenna port 310-b. The carrier at the second frequency 320 can be multiplied by a complementary on / off keying pattern, such as the on / off keying pattern [0, 1, 0, 1] for the first antenna port 305-a and the on / off keying pattern [1, 0, 1, 0] for the second antenna port 310-b. In some examples, using on / off keying patterns to mask the carrier can be similar to using a sample-level pre-decoder loop, such as transmitting twice between [1, 0] and [0, 1] for every two samples.

[0111] In some examples, a single antenna port can transmit all at once. For instance, the excitation signal frequency switching configuration 302 can achieve frequency hopping and frequency switching by using only one transmit antenna port at a time. At the first portion of the first tag symbol, the first antenna port 305-c can transmit the first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency 315. At the second portion of the first tag symbol, the first antenna port 305-c can transmit the second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency 320. The second antenna port 310-c can be powered off or in a low-power state during the first and second portions of the first tag symbol. At the third portion of the first tag symbol, the second antenna port 310-c can transmit the first frequency component of the excitation signal at the first frequency 315, and at the fourth portion of the first tag symbol, the second antenna port 310-c can transmit the second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency 320. During the third and fourth portions of the first tag symbol, the first antenna port 305-c can be powered off or in a low-power state. The on / off keying mode for the first antenna port 305-c can be [1, 0, 0, 0] for the first frequency 315 and [0, 1, 0, 0] for the second frequency 320. The on / off keying mode for the second antenna port 310-c can be [0, 0, 1, 0] for the first frequency 315 and [0, 0, 0, 1] for the second frequency 320. In some specific implementations, the first device may perform intra-symbol frequency switching at different intervals or durations than those shown by excitation signal frequency switching configuration 301 or excitation signal frequency switching configuration 302.

[0112] Figure 4 An example of signal generation 400 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication is shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0113] A device that uses multiple antenna ports to send excitation signals to a backscattering device at different frequencies can use OFDM-compatible techniques to generate the excitation signals. Signal generation 400 illustrates an example of generating an OFDM-compatible excitation signal using a wide FFT and truncation. For example, the device can use a first antenna port and a second antenna port to send the excitation signal. A key 405-a (e.g., an on / off keying pattern) for the first antenna port at a first frequency can be, for example, [1, 0], and a key 405-b for the first antenna port at a second frequency can be, for example, [0, 1]. In some examples, the on / off keying pattern at the second antenna port can be complementary to the on / off keying pattern at the first antenna port. For example, a key 405-c for the second antenna port at a first frequency can be [0, 1], and a key 405-d for the second antenna port at a second frequency can be [1, 0].

[0114] At 410-a, the device can oversample key 405-a to The unit digit is used to obtain the oversampling key 415-a. For example, the oversampling key 415-a can be [1, … 1, 0, … 0], where the oversampling key 415-a includes the digits corresponding to "1". The units digit and the digit corresponding to "0" Units digit. Quantity. This could correspond, for example, to the size of the FFT process. The device could similarly oversample key 405-b at 410-b to obtain oversampled key 415-b, oversample key 405-c at 410-c to obtain oversampled key 415-c, and oversample key 405-d at 410-d to obtain oversampled key 415-d.

[0115] At 420-a, the device can perform oversampling on key 415-a. The device performs a point FFT and truncates the FFT output. In some examples, the device may truncate the FFT output such that the truncated output corresponds to the number of resource elements allocated to the first frequency. The device can be installed at 420-a. The truncated output of the point FFT is mapped to a frequency centered at the first frequency. One resource element, at 420-b The truncated output of the point FFT is mapped to a frequency centered at the second frequency. One resource element, at 420-c The truncated output of the point FFT is mapped to a frequency centered at the second frequency. One resource element, and at 420-d The truncated output of the point FFT is mapped to a frequency centered at the first frequency. Each resource element.

[0116] At 425-a, the device can perform operations on the portion of the excitation signal corresponding to the first antenna port. Point-wise inverse FFT process. In some examples, the device may have additional signals 430-a sent along with the excitation signal. At 425-a... A point IFFT outputs signal 435 for the first antenna port. Similarly, the FFT mapping output at 425-b and other signals 430-b are also performed. A point IFFT can output signal 440 for the second antenna port.

[0117] Figure 5 An example of signal generation 500 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication is shown, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure.

[0118] A device that uses multiple antenna ports to send excitation signals to a backscattering device at different frequencies can use OFDM-compatible techniques to generate the excitation signals. Signal generation 500 illustrates an example of generating an OFDM-compatible excitation signal using a narrow FFT and phase scrambling. For example, the device can use a first antenna port and a second antenna port to send the excitation signal. A key 505-a (e.g., an on / off keying pattern) for the first antenna port at a first frequency can be, for example, [1, 0], and a key 505-b for the first antenna port at a second frequency can be, for example, [0, 1]. In some examples, the on / off keying pattern at the second antenna port can be complementary to the on / off keying pattern at the first antenna port. For example, a key 505-c for the second antenna port at a first frequency can be [0, 1], and a key 505-d for the second antenna port at a second frequency can be [1, 0].

[0119] At 510-a, the device can oversample key 505-a to The unit digit is then subjected to phase scrambling to obtain the oversampled key 515-a. This could, for example, correspond to the number of resource elements allocated to the first antenna port or the second antenna port, or both. This corresponds to the bandwidth of the on / off keying signal. The device can similarly oversample key 505-b at 510-b and apply phase scrambling to obtain oversampled key 515-b, oversample key 505-c at 510-c and apply phase scrambling to obtain oversampled key 515-c, and oversample key 505-d at 510-d and apply phase scrambling to obtain oversampled key 515-d. In some examples, the device can perform phase scrambling before performing the DFT. In some examples, using the Zadoff-Chu sequence for the oversampled on / off key can produce a flat spectrum and improve frequency diversity.

[0120] At 520-a, the device can perform oversampling on key 515-a. Point DFT. The device can be used at 520-a. The output of the point DFT is mapped to a frequency centered at the first frequency. One resource element, at 520-b The output of the point DFT is mapped to a frequency centered at the second frequency. One resource element, at 520-c The output of the point DFT is mapped to a frequency centered at the second frequency. One resource element, and at 520-d The output of the point DFT is mapped to a frequency centered at the first frequency. Each resource element.

[0121] At 525-a, the device can perform operations on the portion of the excitation signal corresponding to the first antenna port. Point-wise inverse FFT process. In some examples, the device may have additional signals 530-a transmitted along with the excitation signal. At 525-a... A point IFFT outputs signal 535 for the first antenna port. Similarly, the FFT mapping output at 525-b and other signals 530-b are also performed. A point IFFT can output signal 540 for the second antenna port.

[0122] Figure 6 An example of a backscatter sideband configuration 600 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown.

[0123] The device can use multiple transmit antenna ports to transmit excitation signals to the backscattering device at different frequencies. For example, the device can use a first antenna port (e.g., Tx1) to transmit a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency, and the first device can use a second antenna port (e.g., Tx2) to transmit a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency.

[0124] A backscattering device receives the frequency components of an excitation signal and reflects or transmits the backscattered signal of the excitation signal. In some examples, frequency-switching impedance can introduce a frequency shift in the incident or excitation signal. For example, the baseband frequency can be shifted. This device can separate the backscattered signal from the incident radio frequency signal in the frequency domain and reduce mutual interference. For example, the backscattering device transmits or backscatters the first frequency component 605 of the backscattered signal at a third frequency 615, and transmits the second frequency component 610 of the backscattered signal at a fourth frequency 620. In some examples, the third frequency 615 may be or correspond to the first frequency, and the fourth frequency 620 may be or correspond to the second frequency.

[0125] Backscattering based on frequency shift can generate two sidebands, including a lower sideband 625 and an upper sideband 630. For example, a frequency shift on a first frequency component can generate a lower sideband 625-a and an upper sideband 630-a, and a frequency shift on a second frequency component can generate a lower sideband 625-b and an upper sideband 630-b.

[0126] In some examples, the first and second frequencies can be configured such that the lower sideband 625 of one transmission overlaps with the upper sideband 630 of the other transmission to reduce the total occupied bandwidth of the backscattered signal. For example, the upper sideband 630-a of the first frequency component 605 can overlap with the lower sideband 625-b of the second frequency component 610, resulting in a backscattered combined sideband 635. In some examples, the amplitude of the backscattered combined sideband 635 can correspond to a combination of the amplitudes of the upper sideband 630-a and the lower sideband 625-b.

[0127] For example, it is possible The backscattered signal of the first frequency component is transmitted. The frequency shift caused by backscattering the excitation signal can be... .Can The backscattered signal of the second frequency component is transmitted. In some examples, the transmitting device can... The frequency difference is used to transmit the first and second frequency components of the excitation signal, such that the lower frequency band of one backscattered signal overlaps with the upper frequency band of the other backscattered signal. In other examples using different numbers of antenna ports, multiple combined sidebands may exist.

[0128] Figure 7 An example of a process flow 700 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure is shown.

[0129] Process flow 700 can be implemented by device 705 or backscattering device 715, or both. Device 705 can be as shown in the reference. Figure 1 Examples of UE 115 or network entity 105 described herein. Backscatter device 715 may be an example of a backscatter device, tag, or environmental IoT device described herein. In some examples (such as a two-site deployment of backscatter communication), process flow 700 may be implemented by device 710. Device 710 may be an example of a backscatter signal reader device (such as UE 115 or network entity 105). In some examples, device 705 may support full-duplex communication, and device 705 may be a backscatter signal reader device (such as in a single-site deployment of backscatter communication).

[0130] In some examples, Figure 7 The signaling or procedures described in the shown or referenced process flow 700 may be performed in a different order than those shown or described. Additionally or alternatively, some of the shown or described signaling or procedures may be omitted, or some of the signaling or procedures not shown or described may be performed.

[0131] Device 705 may determine one or more parameters of an excitation signal used to transmit a backscattered signal. For example, device 705 may determine a first frequency for a first frequency component of the excitation signal, a second frequency for a second frequency component of the excitation signal, one or more on / off keying modes, one or more phase scrambling sequences, or any combination thereof. In some examples, device 705 may send an indication of one or more parameters to device 710 at 720. For example, device 705 may send control signaling indicating one or more parameters to device 710 (e.g., a backscattered signal receiving device in a dual-station deployment).

[0132] At 725, device 705 can transmit an excitation signal to backscattering device 715 using the first antenna port based on one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency. For example, device 705 can convert spatial diversity into frequency diversity by enabling different transmitting antennas to transmit radio frequency carrier signals (such as the excitation signal) at different frequencies (such as the first frequency and the second frequency).

[0133] In some examples, device 705 may perform inter-symbol hopping and frequency switching or intra-symbol hopping and frequency switching. Device 705 may, during a first time interval, transmit a first frequency component of an excitation signal at a first frequency using a first antenna port, and during the first time interval, transmit a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency using a second antenna port. Device 705 may, during a second time interval, transmit the first frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency using a first antenna port, and during the second time interval, transmit the second frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency using a second antenna port. In some examples, such as for inter-symbol hopping, the first time interval may be a first symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal or backscattering device 715, and the second time interval is a second symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal or backscattering device 715. In some examples, such as for intra-symbol hopping, the first time interval may be a first portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal or backscattering device 715, and the second time interval may be a second portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal or backscattering device 715.

[0134] The backscattering device 715 can receive an excitation signal and transmit, reflect, or backscatter a backscattered signal of the excitation signal to a reader device. In some examples, the backscattering device 715 can modulate the excitation signal to generate a backscattered signal, which may result in a frequency shift of the backscattered signal. For example, the backscattered signal may include a first backscattered frequency component at a third frequency and a second backscattered frequency component at a fourth frequency, wherein the first backscattered frequency component is a backscattered component of a first frequency component of the excitation signal, and the second backscattered frequency component is a backscattered component of a second frequency component of the excitation signal.

[0135] In some examples, backscattering device 715 may reflect or backscatter a backscattered signal to device 710 at 730-a. For example, device 710 may receive a backscattered signal of an excitation signal from backscattering device 715 based on one or more parameters used for the excitation signal.

[0136] In some examples, backscattering device 715 may send a backscattered signal to device 705 at 730-b. For example, device 705 may receive a backscattered signal from the backscattering device according to one or more parameters. For example, the backscattered signal may include a first frequency component at a third frequency and a second frequency component at a fourth frequency.

[0137] Figure 8 A block diagram 800 illustrates an apparatus 805 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Apparatus 805 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 or network entity 105 as described herein. Apparatus 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communication manager 820. Apparatus 805, or one or more components of apparatus 805 (e.g., receiver 810, transmitter 815, and communication manager 820), may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to individually or jointly support or implement the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0138] Receiver 810 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with transmit diversity for backscatter communication). The information may be passed to other components of device 805. Receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0139] Transmitter 815 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 805. For example, transmitter 815 may transmit information associated with various information channels, such as control channels, data channels, and information channels related to transmit diversity for backscatter communication, including packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 815 may be co-located with receiver 810 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0140] The communication manager 820, receiver 810, transmitter 815, or various combinations thereof, or various components thereof, may be examples of components for performing various aspects of transmit diversity for backscatter communication as described herein. For example, the communication manager 820, receiver 810, transmitter 815, or various combinations thereof, or components thereof, may be able to perform one or more of the functions described herein.

[0141] In some examples, the communication manager 820, receiver 810, transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communication management circuitry). The hardware may include at least one of the following: a processor, digital signal processor (DSP), central processing unit (CPU), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic component, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled to said at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., instructions stored in at least one memory are executed individually or collectively by one or more processors).

[0142] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 820, receiver 810, transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code executed by at least one processor (e.g., as communication management software or firmware). If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functionality of the communication manager 820, receiver 810, transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by any combination of a general-purpose processor, DSP, CPU, ASIC, FPGA, microcontroller, or these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise individually or collectively to support components for performing the functions described in this disclosure).

[0143] In some examples, the communication manager 820 may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with the receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, the communication manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, transmit information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated with the receiver 810, transmitter 815, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0144] The communication manager 820 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for determining one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting a backscattered signal. The communication manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting an excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0145] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 820 may support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 820 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving control signaling indicative of one or more parameters for the excitation signal from a transmitting device of the excitation signal. The communication manager 820 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a backscattered signal of the excitation signal from a backscattering device based on one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0146] By including or configuring a communication manager 820 according to an example as described herein, device 805 (e.g., controlling receiver 810, transmitter 815, communication manager 820 or a combination thereof or at least one processor otherwise coupled to them) can support techniques for more efficient use of communication resources.

[0147] Figure 9A block diagram 900 is shown of a device 905 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. Device 905 may be an example of aspects of device 805, UE 115, or network entity 105 as described herein. Device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communication manager 920. Device 905, or one or more components of device 905 (e.g., receiver 910, transmitter 915, and communication manager 920), may include at least one processor that may be coupled to at least one memory to support the described techniques. Each of these components may communicate with each other (e.g., via one or more buses).

[0148] Receiver 910 may provide components for receiving information (such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof) associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels associated with transmit diversity for backscatter communication). The information may be passed to other components of device 905. Receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of antennas.

[0149] Transmitter 915 may provide components for transmitting signals generated by other components of device 905. For example, transmitter 915 may transmit information associated with various information channels, such as control channels, data channels, and information channels related to transmit diversity for backscatter communication, including packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof. In some examples, transmitter 915 may be co-located with receiver 910 in a transceiver module. Transmitter 915 may utilize a single antenna or a collection of multiple antennas.

[0150] Device 905 or its various components may be examples of parts for performing various aspects of transmit diversity for backscatter communication as described herein. For example, communication manager 920 may include excitation signal parameter component 925, excitation signal transmitting component 930, parameter receiving component 935, backscatter signal receiving component 940, or any combination thereof. Communication manager 920 may be examples of aspects of communication manager 820 as described herein. In some examples, communication manager 920 or its various components may be configured to use or otherwise cooperate with receiver 910, transmitter 915, or both to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). For example, communication manager 920 may receive information from receiver 910, transmit information to transmitter 915, or be integrated in combination with receiver 910, transmitter 915, or both to acquire information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.

[0151] The communication manager 920 can support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. The excitation signal parameter component 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for determining one or more parameters of the excitation signal used to transmit the backscattered signal. The excitation signal transmission component 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting the excitation signal to the backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0152] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 920 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. The parameter receiving component 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving control signaling indicative of one or more parameters for the excitation signal from a transmitting device of the excitation signal. The backscatter signal receiving component 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a backscattered signal of the excitation signal from a backscattering device based on one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0153] Figure 10 A block diagram 1000 is shown of a communication manager 1020 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to one or more aspects of this disclosure. The communication manager 1020 may be an example of aspects of the communication manager 820, communication manager 920, or both as described herein. The communication manager 1020 or its various components may be examples of components for performing various aspects of transmit diversity for backscatter communication as described herein. For example, the communication manager 1020 may include an excitation signal parameter component 1025, an excitation signal transmission component 1030, a parameter receiving component 1035, a backscatter signal receiving component 1040, a signal masking component 1045, a signal generation component 1050, a parameter indication component 1055, a backscatter signal decoding component 1060, or any combination thereof. These components, or each of their components or sub-components (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories), may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via one or more buses), and such communication may include communication within protocol layers of the protocol stack, communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack, within devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualization components associated with network entity 105), or any combination thereof.

[0154] Communication manager 1020 can support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. Excitation signal parameter component 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for determining one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting a backscattered signal. In some examples, excitation signal parameter component 1025 can transmit parameter information 1027 to signal generation component 1050, signal masking component 1045, parameter indication component 1055, or backscattered signal decoding component 1060. Excitation signal transmission component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting an excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency. For example, excitation signal transmission component 1030 can transmit excitation signal information 1032 to a transmitter or transceiver of a device.

[0155] In some examples, to support the transmission of an excitation signal, the excitation signal transmission component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency using a first antenna port during a first time interval. In some examples, to support the transmission of an excitation signal, the excitation signal transmission component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency using a second antenna port during a first time interval. In some examples, to support the transmission of an excitation signal, the excitation signal transmission component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency using a first antenna port during a second time interval. In some examples, to support the transmission of an excitation signal, the excitation signal transmission component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency using a second antenna port during a second time interval.

[0156] In some examples, the first time interval is the first symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal, and the second time interval is the second symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal.

[0157] In some examples, the first time interval is the first part of the symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal, and the second time interval is the second part of the symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal.

[0158] In some examples, the signal masking component 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for masking a first frequency component of an excitation signal using a first on / off keying mode associated with a first antenna port to obtain a first portion of a first carrier. In some examples, the signal masking component 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for masking a first frequency component of an excitation signal using a second on / off keying mode associated with a second antenna port to obtain a first portion of a second carrier. In some examples, the signal masking component 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for masking a second frequency component of an excitation signal using a third on / off keying mode associated with a first antenna port to obtain a second portion of the first carrier, wherein the third on / off keying mode is complementary to the first on / off keying mode. In some examples, the signal masking component 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for masking a second frequency component of an excitation signal using a fourth on / off keying mode associated with a second antenna port to obtain a second portion of the second carrier, wherein the fourth on / off keying mode is complementary to the second on / off keying mode. In some examples, signal masking component 1045 may transmit signal masking information 1047 to signal generation component 1050. In some examples, excitation signal transmission component 1030 may be, configured to, or operated to support components for transmitting a first carrier via a first antenna port and a second carrier via a second antenna port.

[0159] In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for oversampling a first on / off keying pattern associated with a first frequency to obtain a first oversampled on / off keying pattern including a certain number of bits. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for oversampling a second on / off keying pattern associated with a second frequency to obtain a second oversampled on / off keying pattern including the same number of bits, wherein the second on / off keying pattern is complementary to the first on / off keying pattern. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for performing a first Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) operation on the first oversampled on / off keying pattern based on the number of bits to obtain a first FFT output. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for performing a second FFT operation on the second oversampled on / off keying pattern based on the number of bits to obtain a second FFT output. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for truncating a first FFT output to obtain a first truncated FFT output corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with a first frequency. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for truncating a second FFT output to obtain a second truncated FFT output corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with a second frequency. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for mapping a first truncated FFT output to a first set of resource elements having that number of resource elements centered at the first frequency. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for mapping a second truncated FFT output to a second set of resource elements having that number of resource elements centered at the second frequency. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for performing an inverse FFT on the first truncated FFT output and the second truncated FFT output based on that number of bits. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 may transmit excitation signal information 1052 to the excitation signal sending component 1030.

[0160] In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for oversampling a first on / off keying pattern associated with a first frequency to obtain a first oversampled on / off keying pattern, the first oversampled on / off keying pattern including a number of bits corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the first frequency. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for oversampling a second on / off keying pattern associated with a second frequency to obtain a second oversampled on / off keying pattern including the same number of bits, wherein the second on / off keying pattern is complementary to the first on / off keying pattern. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for performing phase scrambling on the first oversampled on / off keying pattern based on a first phase scrambling pattern to obtain a first set of scrambled bits. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for performing phase scrambling on the second oversampled on / off keying pattern based on a second phase scrambling pattern to obtain a second set of scrambled bits. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for performing a first DFT operation on a first set of scrambled bits to obtain a first DFT output. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for performing a second DFT operation on a second set of scrambled bits to obtain a second DFT output. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for mapping the first DFT output to a first set of resource elements having that number of resource elements centered at a first frequency. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for mapping the second DFT output to a second set of resource elements having that number of resource elements centered at a second frequency. In some examples, the signal generation component 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support means for performing an inverse FFT on the first DFT output and the second DFT output based on that number of bits.

[0161] In some examples, to support the transmission of an excitation signal, the excitation signal transmission component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency using the first antenna port during a first time interval. In some examples, to support the transmission of an excitation signal, the excitation signal transmission component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency using the first antenna port during a second time interval, wherein the second antenna port is in a low-power state during both the first and second time intervals. In some examples, to support the transmission of an excitation signal, the excitation signal transmission component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency using the second antenna port during a third time interval. In some examples, to support the transmission of an excitation signal, the excitation signal transmission component 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency using the second antenna port during a fourth time interval, wherein the first antenna port is in a low-power state during both the third and fourth time intervals.

[0162] In some examples, one or more parameters include a first on / off keying mode associated with a first frequency, a second on / off keying mode associated with a second frequency, a third on / off keying mode associated with a first antenna port, a fourth on / off keying signal associated with a second antenna port, a first phase scrambling mode associated with the first frequency, a second phase scrambling mode associated with the second frequency, or any combination thereof.

[0163] In some examples, parameter indication component 1055 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for sending control signaling indicating one or more parameters to a receiving device for a backscattered signal. In some examples, parameter indication component 1055 may transmit parameter indication information 1057 to a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver of a device.

[0164] In some examples, the backscatter signal receiving component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving backscatter signals from a backscattering device according to one or more parameters. In some examples, the backscatter signal receiving component 1040 may receive backscatter signal information 1042 from a receiver or transceiver of a device. In some examples, the backscatter signal receiving component 1040 may transmit backscatter signal information 1044 to the backscatter signal decoding component 1060. In some examples, one or more parameters are associated with symbol duration or sub-symbol duration.

[0165] In some examples, the first and second frequencies are offset in frequency based on reverse divergence radio frequency shift.

[0166] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1020 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. The parameter receiving component 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving control signaling indicative of one or more parameters for the excitation signal from a transmitting device of the excitation signal. In some examples, the parameter receiving component 1035 may receive parameter signaling information 1037 from a receiver or transceiver of a device. In some examples, the parameter receiving component 1035 may transmit parameter information 1039 to the backscatter signal decoding component 1060. The backscatter signal receiving component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a backscattered signal of the excitation signal from a backscattering device based on one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0167] In some examples, to support receiving backscattered signals, the backscattered signal receiving component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a first frequency component of the backscattered signal at a third frequency during a first time interval. In some examples, to support receiving backscattered signals, the backscattered signal receiving component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a second frequency component of the backscattered signal at a fourth frequency during a first time interval. In some examples, to support receiving backscattered signals, the backscattered signal receiving component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a first frequency component of the backscattered signal at a fourth frequency during a second time interval. In some examples, to support receiving backscattered signals, the backscattered signal receiving component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a second frequency component of the backscattered signal at a third frequency during a second time interval.

[0168] In some examples, the first time interval is the first symbol duration associated with the backscattering device, and the second time interval is the second symbol duration associated with the backscattering device.

[0169] In some examples, the first time interval is a first part of the symbol duration associated with the backscattering device, and the second time interval is a second part of the symbol duration associated with the backscattering device.

[0170] In some examples, the third frequency is the same as the first frequency, and the fourth frequency is the same as the second frequency.

[0171] In some examples, the backscatter signal decoding component 1060 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for decoding backscatter signals based on a first phase scrambling mode and a second phase scrambling mode, wherein one or more parameters indicate the first phase scrambling mode and the second phase scrambling mode. In some examples, the backscatter signal decoding component 1060 may transmit decoded information to one or more processors of the device.

[0172] In some examples, to support receiving backscattered signals, the backscattered signal receiving component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a first frequency component of the backscattered signal at a third frequency during a first time interval. In some examples, to support receiving backscattered signals, the backscattered signal receiving component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a first frequency component of the backscattered signal at a fourth frequency during a second time interval. In some examples, to support receiving backscattered signals, the backscattered signal receiving component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a second frequency component of the backscattered signal at a third frequency during a third time interval. In some examples, to support receiving backscattered signals, the backscattered signal receiving component 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a second frequency component of the backscattered signal at a fourth frequency during a fourth time interval.

[0173] In some examples, the third frequency is the same as the first frequency, and the fourth frequency is the same as the second frequency.

[0174] Figure 11 A diagram of a system 1100 including a device 1105 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 1105 may be an example of device 805, device 905, or UE 115 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 1105 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof (e.g., wirelessly). Device 1105 may include components for bidirectional voice and data communication, including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communication manager 1120, an input / output (I / O) controller 1110, a transceiver 1115, an antenna 1125, at least one memory 1130, code 1135, and at least one processor 1140. These components may communicate electronically via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1145) or be coupled in other ways (e.g., operational ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground).

[0175] I / O controller 1110 manages the input and output signals of device 1105. I / O controller 1110 can also manage peripheral devices not integrated into device 1105. In some cases, I / O controller 1110 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral device. In some cases, I / O controller 1110 may utilize an operating system such as iOS. ® ANDROID ® MS-DOS ® MS-WINDOWS ® OS / 2 ® UNIX ® LINUX ® Or another known operating system. Additionally or alternatively, the I / O controller 1110 may represent, or interact with, a modem, keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as at least one processor 1140. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1105 via the I / O controller 1110 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1110.

[0176] In some cases, device 1105 may include a single antenna 1125. However, in other cases, device 1105 may have more than one antenna 1125, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. Transceiver 1115 may communicate bidirectionally via one or more antennas 1125 as described herein, or via a wired or wireless link. For example, transceiver 1115 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. Transceiver 1115 may also include a modem for: modulating packets; providing the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1125 for transmission; and demodulating packets received from one or more antennas 1125. Transceiver 1115, or transceiver 1115 and one or more antennas 1125, may be an example of transmitter 815, transmitter 915, receiver 810, receiver 910, or any combination thereof or components thereof as described herein.

[0177] At least one memory 1130 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM). At least one memory 1130 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1135, including instructions that, when executed by at least one processor 1140, cause device 1105 to perform the various functions described herein. Code 1135 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, code 1135 may not be directly executable by at least one processor 1140, but may enable a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, at least one memory 1130 may also include a basic I / O system (BIOS) that controls basic hardware or software operations, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices.

[0178] At least one processor 1140 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, CPUs, microcontrollers, ASICs, FPGAs, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 1140 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into at least one processor 1140. At least one processor 1140 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., at least one memory 1130) to cause device 1105 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication). For example, device 1105 or components of device 1105 may include at least one processor 1140 and at least one memory 1130 coupled to or coupled to at least one processor 1140, wherein at least one processor 1140 and at least one memory 1130 are configured to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 1140 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 1130 may include multiple memories. One or more of a plurality of processors may be coupled to one or more of a plurality of memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 1140 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a machine (such as a series of machines), circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include at least one processor 1140) and memory circuitry (which may include at least one memory 1130)) or system of components that receive or receive input and process the input to produce, generate or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Thus, at least one processor 1140 or a processing system including at least one processor 1140 may be configured, capable of being configured, or operable to cause device 1105 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Furthermore, as described herein, “configured to,” “capable of being configured,” and “operable to” are used interchangeably and may be associated with the ability to perform one or more of the functions described herein when executing code stored in at least one memory 1130 or otherwise.

[0179] The communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for determining one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting a backscattered signal. The communication manager 1120 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting an excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0180] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1120 may support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1120 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving control signaling indicative of one or more parameters for the excitation signal from a transmitting device of the excitation signal. The communication manager 1120 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a backscattered signal of the excitation signal from a backscattering device based on one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0181] By including or configuring a communication manager 1120 according to an example as described herein, device 1105 can support technologies for improving communication reliability and range and for more efficient use of communication resources.

[0182] In some examples, the communication manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using a transceiver 1115, one or more antennas 1125, or any combination thereof, or otherwise cooperating with them. Although the communication manager 1120 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1120 may be supported by or executed by at least one processor 1140, at least one memory 1130, code 1135, or any combination thereof. For example, code 1135 may include instructions that can be executed by at least one processor 1140 to cause the device 1105 to perform various aspects of transmit diversity for backscatter communication as described herein, or at least one processor 1140 and at least one memory 1130 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0183] Figure 12A diagram of a system 1200 including a device 1205 supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication, according to one or more aspects of this disclosure, is shown. Device 1205 may be an example of device 805, device 905, or network entity 105 as described herein, or may include components thereof. Device 1205 may communicate with one or more network entities 105, one or more UEs 115, or any combination thereof, and this communication may include communication via one or more wired interfaces, one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. Device 1205 may include components supporting output and obtaining communication, such as a communication manager 1220, a transceiver 1210, an antenna 1215, at least one memory 1225, code 1230, and at least one processor 1235. These components may communicate electronically or otherwise (e.g., operative ground, communication ground, functional ground, electronic ground, electrical ground) via one or more buses (e.g., bus 1240).

[0184] Transceiver 1210 may support bidirectional communication via a wired link, a wireless link, or both, as described herein. In some examples, transceiver 1210 may include a wired transceiver and be able to communicate bidirectionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, transceiver 1210 may include a wireless transceiver and be able to communicate bidirectionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, device 1205 may include one or more antennas 1215 that may be able to transmit or receive wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently). Transceiver 1210 may also include a modem for: modulating a signal; providing the modulated signal for transmission (e.g., via one or more antennas 1215, via a wired transmitter); receiving the modulated signal (e.g., from one or more antennas 1215, from a wired receiver); and demodulating the signal. In some embodiments, transceiver 1210 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1215 configured to support various receive or acquire operations, or one or more interfaces coupled to one or more antennas 1215 configured to support various transmit or output operations, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 1210 may include one or more processors or one or more memory components or configured to be coupled to said one or more processors or one or more memory components, said one or more processors or memory components being operable to perform or support operations based on received or acquired information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other output, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, transceiver 1210, or transceiver 1210 and one or more antennas 1215, or transceiver 1210 and one or more antennas 1215 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., at least one processor 1235, at least one memory 1225, or both) may be included in a chip or chip assembly mounted in device 1205. In some examples, transceiver 1210 may be able to operate to support communication via one or more communication links (e.g., communication link 125, backhaul communication link 120, midhaul communication link 162, and fronthaul communication link 168).

[0185] At least one memory 1225 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. At least one memory 1225 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code 1230 including instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1235, cause the device 1205 to perform the various functions described herein. The code 1230 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1230 may not be directly executable by one of the at least one processor 1235, but may enable the computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform the functions described herein. In some cases, at least one memory 1225 may also include a BIOS, which controls basic hardware or software operation, such as interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, at least one processor 1235 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 1225 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein (e.g., as part of a processing system).

[0186] At least one processor 1235 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., general-purpose processors, DSPs, ASICs, CPUs, FPGAs, microcontrollers, programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic units, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof). In some cases, at least one processor 1235 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, the memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1235. At least one processor 1235 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory (e.g., one or more memories in at least one memory 1225) to cause device 1205 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit diversity for backscatter communication). For example, device 1205 or components of device 1205 may include at least one processor 1235 and at least one memory 1225 coupled to one or more of the at least one processor 1235, the at least one processor 1235 and the at least one memory 1225 being configured to perform the various functions described herein. At least one processor 1235 may be an example of a cloud computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as an operating system, virtual machine, or container instance) that can (e.g., by executing code 1230) host functions for performing the functions of device 1205. At least one processor 1235 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in device 1205 (such as within one or more memories of at least one memory 1225). In some examples, at least one processor 1235 may include multiple processors, and at least one memory 1225 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled to one or more of the multiple memories, which may be configured individually or collectively to perform the various functions described herein. In some examples, at least one processor 1235 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system of machines (such as a series of machines), circuits (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include at least one processor 1235) and memory circuitry (which may include at least one memory 1225)) or components that receive or acquire input and process the input to produce, generate, or acquire a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Therefore, at least one processor 1235 or a processing system including at least one processor 1235 may be configured, configured to, or operated to cause the device 1205 to perform one or more of the functions described herein.Furthermore, as described herein, “configured to,” “capable of being configured to,” and “capable of operating to” are used interchangeably and can be associated with the ability to perform one or more of the functions described herein when executing code stored in at least one memory 1225 or otherwise.

[0187] In some examples, bus 1240 may support communication at the protocol layer of the protocol stack (e.g., within a protocol layer). In some examples, bus 1240 may support communication associated with logical channels of the protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of the protocol stack), which may include communication performed within components of device 1205, or communication performed between different components of device 1205 that are co-addressable or may be located in different locations (e.g., where device 1205 may refer to a system in which one or more of communication manager 1220, transceiver 1210, at least one memory 1225, code 1230 and at least one processor 1235 may be located in one component of different components or partitioned between different components).

[0188] In some examples, the communication manager 1220 can manage (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) various aspects of communication with the core network 130. For example, the communication manager 1220 can manage the transfer of data communication with client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1220 can manage communication with other network entities 105 and may include a controller or scheduler for cooperating with other network entities 105 to control communication with UE 115. In some examples, the communication manager 1220 may support the X2 interface within LTE / LTE-A wireless communication network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.

[0189] The communication manager 1220 may support wireless communication according to examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1220 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for determining one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting a backscattered signal. The communication manager 1220 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for transmitting an excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0190] Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 1220 may support wireless communication according to the examples disclosed herein. For example, the communication manager 1220 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving control signaling indicative of one or more parameters for the excitation signal from a transmitting device of the excitation signal. The communication manager 1220 may be capable of, configured to, or operable to support components for receiving a backscattered signal of the excitation signal from a backscattering device based on one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0191] By including or configuring a communication manager 1220 according to an example as described herein, device 1205 can support techniques for more efficient use of communication resources.

[0192] In some examples, the communication manager 1220 may be configured to use or otherwise coordinate with the transceiver 1210, one or more antennas 1215 (e.g., where applicable), or any combination thereof to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, acquiring, monitoring, outputting, transmitting). Although the communication manager 1220 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communication manager 1220 may be supported or performed by the transceiver 1210, one or more processors in at least one processor 1235, one or more memories in at least one memory 1225, code 1230, or any combination thereof (e.g., by a processing system including at least a portion of at least one processor 1235, at least one memory 1225, code 1230, or any combination thereof). For example, code 1230 may include instructions that can be executed by one or more processors in at least one processor 1235 to cause the device 1205 to perform various aspects of transmit diversity for backscatter communication as described herein, or at least one processor 1235 and at least one memory 1225 may be otherwise configured to perform or support such operations individually or jointly.

[0193] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating a method 1300 for transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1300 may be implemented by a UE or network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1300 may be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 12 The described UE 115 or network entity performs the function. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0194] At 1305, the method may include determining one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting the backscattered signal. The operation of block 1305 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1305 may be determined by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 10 The excitation signal parameter component 1025 is used to perform the operation.

[0195] At 1310, the method may include transmitting an excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency. Operation of block 1310 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1310 may be derived from references... Figure 10 The excitation signal sending component 1030 described herein shall perform the operation.

[0196] Figure 14 A flowchart illustrating a method 1400 for transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1400 can be implemented by a UE or network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1400 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 12 The described UE 115 or network entity performs the function. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0197] At 1405, the method may include determining one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting the backscattered signal. The operation of block 1405 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1405 may be determined by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 10 The excitation signal parameter component 1025 is used to perform the operation.

[0198] At 1410, the method may include transmitting a first frequency component of an excitation signal at a first frequency using a first antenna port during a first time interval. Operation of block 1410 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1410 may be derived from references... Figure 10 The excitation signal sending component 1030 described herein shall perform the operation.

[0199] At 1415, the method may include transmitting a second frequency component of an excitation signal at a second frequency using a second antenna port during a first time interval. The operation of block 1415 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1415 may be derived from references... Figure 10The excitation signal sending component 1030 described herein shall perform the operation.

[0200] At 1420, the method may include transmitting a first frequency component of an excitation signal at a second frequency using the first antenna port during a second time interval. The operation of block 1420 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1420 may be derived from references... Figure 10 The excitation signal sending component 1030 described herein shall perform the operation.

[0201] At 1425, the method may include, during the second time interval, transmitting a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency using the second antenna port. The operation of block 1425 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1425 may be derived from references... Figure 10 The excitation signal sending component 1030 described herein shall perform the operation.

[0202] Figure 15 A flowchart illustrating a method 1500 for transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1500 can be implemented by a UE or network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1500 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 12 The described UE 115 or network entity performs the function. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0203] At 1505, the method may include determining one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting the backscattered signal. The operation of block 1505 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1505 may be determined by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 10 The excitation signal parameter component 1025 is used to perform the operation.

[0204] At 1510, the method may include transmitting an excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port based on one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency. Operation of block 1510 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1510 may be derived from references... Figure 10 The excitation signal sending component 1030 described herein shall perform the operation.

[0205] At 1515, the method may include receiving a backscattered signal from the backscattering device according to one or more parameters. The operation of block 1515 may be performed according to the examples disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1515 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 10 The backscatter signal receiving component 1040 described herein performs this function.

[0206] Figure 16 A flowchart illustrating a method 1600 for transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1600 can be implemented by a UE or network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1600 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 12 The described UE 115 or network entity performs the function. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0207] At 1605, the method may include receiving control signaling from a transmitting device of an excitation signal, indicating one or more parameters for the excitation signal. Operation of block 1605 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of operation of 1605 may be provided by reference to [reference needed]. Figure 10 The described parameters are received by component 1035 for execution.

[0208] At 1610, the method may include receiving a backscattered signal of an excitation signal from a backscattering device based on one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency. Operation of block 1610 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1610 may be derived from references... Figure 10 The backscatter signal receiving component 1040 described herein performs this function.

[0209] Figure 17 A flowchart illustrating a method 1700 for transmit diversity for backscatter communication according to various aspects of this disclosure is shown. Operation of method 1700 can be implemented by a UE or network entity or its components as described herein. For example, operation of method 1700 can be implemented by, as referenced... Figures 1 to 12 The described UE 115 or network entity performs the function. In some examples, the UE or network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or network entity to perform the described function. Additionally or alternatively, the UE or network entity may use dedicated hardware to perform aspects of the described function.

[0210] At 1705, the method may include receiving control signaling from the transmitting device of the excitation signal, indicating one or more parameters for the excitation signal. Operation of block 1705 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1705 may be provided by reference to... Figure 10 The described parameters are received by component 1035 for execution.

[0211] At 1710, the method may include receiving a backscattered signal of an excitation signal from a backscattering device based on one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency. Operation of block 1710 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1710 may be derived from references... Figure 10 The backscatter signal receiving component 1040 described herein performs this function.

[0212] At 1715, the method may include decoding the backscattered signal based on a first phase scrambling mode and a second phase scrambling mode, wherein one or more parameters indicate the first phase scrambling mode and the second phase scrambling mode. The operation of block 1715 may be performed according to examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operation of 1715 may be derived from references... Figure 10 The backscatter signal decoding component 1060 described herein is used to perform this function.

[0213] The following provides an overview of the various aspects of this disclosure:

[0214] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication, the method comprising: determining one or more parameters of an excitation signal for transmitting a backscattered signal; and transmitting the excitation signal to a backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port, at least in part based on the one or more parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0215] Aspect 2: According to the method of Aspect 1, transmitting the excitation signal includes: during a first time interval, transmitting a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency using the first antenna port; during the first time interval, transmitting a second frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency using the second antenna port; during a second time interval, transmitting the first frequency component of the excitation signal at the second frequency using the first antenna port; and during the second time interval, transmitting the second frequency component of the excitation signal at the first frequency using the second antenna port.

[0216] Aspect 3: According to the method of aspect 2, wherein the first time interval is a first symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal, and the second time interval is a second symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal.

[0217] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 2 to 3, wherein the first time interval is a first portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal, and the second time interval is a second portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal.

[0218] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, further comprising: masking the first frequency component of the excitation signal using a first on / off keying mode associated with the first antenna port to obtain a first portion of a first carrier; masking the first frequency component of the excitation signal using a second on / off keying mode associated with the second antenna port to obtain a first portion of a second carrier; masking the second frequency component of the excitation signal using a third on / off keying mode associated with the first antenna port to obtain a second portion of the first carrier, wherein the third on / off keying mode is complementary to the first on / off keying mode; masking the second frequency component of the excitation signal using a fourth on / off keying mode associated with the second antenna port to obtain a second portion of the second carrier, wherein the fourth on / off keying mode is complementary to the second on / off keying mode; and transmitting the first carrier via the first antenna port and transmitting the second carrier via the second antenna port.

[0219] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, further comprising: oversampling a first on / off keying pattern associated with the first frequency to obtain a first oversampled on / off keying pattern including a certain number of bits; oversampling a second on / off keying pattern associated with the second frequency to obtain a second oversampled on / off keying pattern including the number of bits, wherein the second on / off keying pattern is complementary to the first on / off keying pattern; performing a first Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) operation on the first oversampled on / off keying pattern at least in part based on the number of bits to obtain a first FFT output; and performing a second FFT operation on the second oversampled on / off keying pattern at least in part based on the number of bits. The process involves: performing a first FFT to obtain a second FFT output; truncating the first FFT output to obtain a first truncated FFT output corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the first frequency; truncating the second FFT output to obtain a second truncated FFT output corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the second frequency; mapping the first truncated FFT output to a first set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the first frequency; mapping the second truncated FFT output to a second set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the second frequency; and performing an inverse FFT on the first truncated FFT output and the second truncated FFT output at least in part based on the number of bits.

[0220] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, the method further comprising: oversampling a first on / off keying pattern of an on / off keying signal associated with the first frequency to obtain a first oversampled on / off keying pattern, the first oversampled on / off keying pattern including a number of bits corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the first frequency; oversampling a second on / off keying pattern associated with the second frequency to obtain a second oversampled on / off keying pattern including the number of bits, wherein the second on / off keying pattern is complementary to the first on / off keying pattern; performing phase scrambling on the first oversampled on / off keying pattern at least partially based on a first phase scrambling pattern to obtain a first set of scrambled bits; at least partially based on A second phase scrambling mode is used to perform the phase scrambling on the second oversampling on / off keying mode to obtain a second set of scrambled bits; a first discrete Fourier transform (DFT) operation is performed on the first set of scrambled bits to obtain a first DFT output; a second DFT operation is performed on the second set of scrambled bits to obtain a second DFT output; the first DFT output is mapped to a first set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the first frequency; the second DFT output is mapped to a second set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the second frequency; and an inverse FFT is performed on the first DFT output and the second DFT output at least in part based on the number of bits.

[0221] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein transmitting the excitation signal comprises: during a first time interval, transmitting a first frequency component of the excitation signal at a first frequency using the first antenna port; during a second time interval, transmitting the first frequency component of the excitation signal at a second frequency using the first antenna port, wherein the second antenna port is in a low-power state during the first time interval and the second time interval; during a third time interval, transmitting the second frequency component of the excitation signal at the first frequency using the second antenna port; and during a fourth time interval, transmitting the second frequency component of the excitation signal at the second frequency using the second antenna port, wherein the first antenna port is in the low-power state during the third time interval and the fourth time interval.

[0222] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the one or more parameters include a first on / off keying mode associated with the first frequency, a second on / off keying mode associated with the second frequency, a third on / off keying mode associated with the first antenna port, a fourth on / off keying signal associated with the second antenna port, a first phase scrambling mode associated with the first frequency, a second phase scrambling mode associated with the second frequency, or any combination thereof.

[0223] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 9, the method further comprising: sending control signaling indicating one or more parameters to a receiving device of the backscattered signal.

[0224] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, the method further comprising: receiving the backscattered signal from the backscattering device according to the one or more parameters.

[0225] Aspect 12: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein one or more parameters are associated with symbol duration or sub-symbol duration.

[0226] Aspect 13: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 12, wherein the first frequency and the second frequency are offset in frequency at least in part based on reverse divergence radio frequency shift.

[0227] Aspect 14: A method for wireless communication, the method comprising: receiving from a transmitting device of an excitation signal one or more parameters indicating one or more parameters for the excitation signal; and receiving, at least in part, a backscattered signal of the excitation signal from a backscattering device based on the one or more parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

[0228] Aspect 15: According to the method of aspect 14, receiving the backscattered signal includes: during a first time interval, receiving a first frequency component of the backscattered signal at a third frequency; during the first time interval, receiving a second frequency component of the backscattered signal at a fourth frequency; during a second time interval, receiving the first frequency component of the backscattered signal at the fourth frequency; and during the second time interval, receiving the second frequency component of the backscattered signal at the third frequency.

[0229] Aspect 16: According to the method of aspect 15, wherein the first time interval is a first symbol duration associated with the backscattering device, and the second time interval is a second symbol duration associated with the backscattering device.

[0230] Aspect 17: The method according to any one of Aspects 15 to 16, wherein the first time interval is a first portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattering device, and the second time interval is a second portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattering device.

[0231] Aspect 18: The method according to any one of Aspects 15 to 17, wherein the third frequency is the same as the first frequency and the fourth frequency is the same as the second frequency.

[0232] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 18, the method further comprising: decoding the backscattered signal at least in part based on a first phase scrambling mode and a second phase scrambling mode, wherein one or more parameters indicate the first phase scrambling mode and the second phase scrambling mode.

[0233] Aspect 20: The method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 19, wherein receiving the backscattered signal comprises: during a first time interval, receiving a first frequency component of the backscattered signal at a third frequency; during a second time interval, receiving a first frequency component of the backscattered signal at a fourth frequency; during a third time interval, receiving a second frequency component of the backscattered signal at the third frequency; and during a fourth time interval, receiving a second frequency component of the backscattered signal at the fourth frequency.

[0234] Aspect 21: According to the method of aspect 20, wherein the third frequency is the same as the first frequency, and the fourth frequency is the same as the second frequency.

[0235] Aspect 22: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0236] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0237] Aspect 24: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by a processor to perform the method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13.

[0238] Aspect 25: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: one or more memories storing processor-executable code; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute the code to cause the apparatus to perform a method according to any one of Aspects 14 to 21.

[0239] Aspect 26: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one component for performing the method according to any one of aspects 14 to 21.

[0240] Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, said code including instructions executable by a processor to perform a method according to any one of aspects 14 to 21.

[0241] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible specific implementations, and the operations and steps can be rearranged or otherwise modified, and other specific implementations are also possible. Furthermore, aspects from two or more of these methods can be combined.

[0242] While aspects of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR systems may be described for illustrative purposes, and the terms LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR may be used in most of the description, the techniques described herein are also applicable to networks outside of LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the techniques described are applicable to a variety of other wireless communication systems, such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, and other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.

[0243] The information and signals described herein can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and skills. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof.

[0244] The various exemplary blocks and components described herein can be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, DSP, ASIC, CPU, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic unit, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in alternative embodiments, a processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors cooperating with a DSP core, or any other such configuration). Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors capable of performing the described functions or operations individually or jointly.

[0245] The functions described herein can be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions can be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium or transmitted using one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and specific implementations are within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described herein can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or any combination of these. Features implementing the functions can also be physically located in various locations, including various portions distributed such that the functions are implemented in different physical locations.

[0246] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, encompassing any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one location to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, compressed optical disc (CD) ROM or other optical disc storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code components in the form of instructions or data structures, and accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection is appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included within the definition of computer-readable media. As used herein, disks and optical discs include CDs, laser discs, optical discs, digital multifunction discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs. Disks can magnetically reproduce data, and optical discs can optically reproduce data using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any function or operation described herein that can be performed by memory can be performed by multiple memories capable of performing the described function or operation individually or jointly.

[0247] As used herein, the word "or" in a list of items (e.g., a list of items accompanied by phrases such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") in the claims indicates an inclusive list, such that a list of at least one of, for example, A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Furthermore, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step described as "based on condition A" could be based on both condition A and condition B without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase "based on" should be interpreted in the same manner as the phrase "at least partially based on".

[0248] As used herein, including in claims, the article “a” preceding a noun is open-ended and is understood to refer to “at least one” or “one or more” of those nouns. Therefore, the terms “a,” “at least one,” “one or more,” and “at least one of one or more” are interchangeable. For example, where a claim enumerates “components” performing one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “component” having a characteristic or performing a function may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent references to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “the” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” can be understood to mean “one or more components,” and subsequent reference to “component” in a claim can be understood as equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components.” Similarly, subsequent references to a component introduced with the terms “the” or “the” as “one or more components” can refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, reference to "one or more components" in subsequent claims can be understood as equivalent to reference to "at least one of the one or more components".

[0249] The term "determine" encompasses a variety of actions, and therefore, "determine" can include calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, lookup (such as by searching in a table, database, or other data structure), identification, and similar actions. Furthermore, "determine" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory), etc. Moreover, "determine" can include parsing, obtaining, selecting, choosing, building, and other similar actions.

[0250] In the accompanying drawings, similar components or features may have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, various components of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dash after the reference numeral and a second reference numeral to differentiate between similar components. If only the first reference numeral is used in the description, the description can be applied to any of the similar components having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second reference numeral or other subsequent reference numerals.

[0251] The description herein, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes an example configuration and does not represent all achievable examples or those within the scope of the claims. The term "example" as used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration," not "preferred" or "advantageous over other examples." The detailed description includes specific details used to provide an understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concept of the described examples.

[0252] The description herein is provided to enable those skilled in the art to implement or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be granted the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute said code to enable the device to: Determine one or more parameters of the excitation signal used to transmit the backscattered signal; as well as The excitation signal is transmitted to the backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port, at least in part based on one or more of the parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, In order to send the excitation signal, the one or more processors can operate individually or jointly to execute the code to enable the device to: During the first time interval, the first frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the first frequency using the first antenna port; During the first time interval, the second frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the second frequency using the second antenna port; During the second time interval, the first frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the second frequency using the first antenna port; as well as During the second time interval, the second frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the first frequency using the second antenna port.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first time interval is a first symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal, and the second time interval is a second symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first time interval is a first portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal, and the second time interval is a second portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattered signal.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to: The first frequency component of the excitation signal is masked using a first on / off keying mode associated with the first antenna port to obtain a first portion of the first carrier. The first frequency component of the excitation signal is masked using a second on / off keying mode associated with the second antenna port to obtain a first portion of the second carrier. The second frequency component of the excitation signal is masked using a third on / off keying mode associated with the first antenna port to obtain a second portion of the first carrier, wherein the third on / off keying mode is complementary to the first on / off keying mode. The second frequency component of the excitation signal is masked using a fourth on / off keying mode associated with the second antenna port to obtain a second portion of the second carrier, wherein the fourth on / off keying mode is complementary to the second on / off keying mode. as well as The first carrier is transmitted via the first antenna port, and the second carrier is transmitted via the second antenna port.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to: Oversample the first on / off keying pattern associated with the first frequency to obtain a first oversampled on / off keying pattern including a certain number of bits. Oversampling is performed on a second on / off keying mode associated with the second frequency to obtain a second oversampled on / off keying mode including the number of bits, wherein the second on / off keying mode is complementary to the first on / off keying mode; The first fast Fourier transform (FFT) operation is performed on the first oversampling on / off keying mode based at least in part on the number of bits to obtain the first FFT output; The second FFT operation is performed on the second oversampling on / off keying mode at least in part based on the number of bits to obtain the second FFT output; The first FFT output is truncated to obtain a first truncated FFT output corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the first frequency; The second FFT output is truncated to obtain a second truncated FFT output corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the second frequency; The first truncated FFT output is mapped to a first set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the first frequency; The second truncated FFT output is mapped to a second set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the second frequency; as well as The inverse FFT is performed on the first truncated FFT output and the second truncated FFT output, at least in part based on the number of bits.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to: Oversampling is performed on a first on / off keying signal associated with the first frequency to obtain a first oversampled on / off keying mode, the first oversampled on / off keying mode including a number of bits corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the first frequency. Oversampling is performed on a second on / off keying mode associated with the second frequency to obtain a second oversampled on / off keying mode including the number of bits, wherein the second on / off keying mode is complementary to the first on / off keying mode; Phase scrambling is performed on the first oversampling on / off keying mode based at least in part on the first phase scrambling mode to obtain a first set of scrambled bits; The phase scrambling is performed on the second oversampling on / off keying mode based at least in part on the second phase scrambling mode to obtain a second set of scrambled bits; Perform a first Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) operation on the first set of scrambled bits to obtain a first DFT output; Perform a second DFT operation on the second set of scrambled bits to obtain a second DFT output; The first DFT output is mapped to a first set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the first frequency; The second DFT output is mapped to a second set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the second frequency; as well as The inverse FFT is performed on the first DFT output and the second DFT output at least in part based on the number of bits.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, In order to send the excitation signal, the one or more processors can operate individually or jointly to execute the code to enable the device to: During the first time interval, the first frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the first frequency using the first antenna port; During the second time interval, the first frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the second frequency using the first antenna port, wherein the second antenna port is in a low-power state during the first time interval and the second time interval; During the third time interval, the second frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the first frequency using the second antenna port; as well as During the fourth time interval, the second frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the second frequency using the second antenna port, wherein the first antenna port is in the low power state during the third time interval and the fourth time interval.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more parameters include a first power-on keying mode associated with the first frequency, a second power-on keying mode associated with the second frequency, a third power-on keying mode associated with the first antenna port, a fourth power-on keying signal associated with the second antenna port, a first phase scrambling mode associated with the first frequency, a second phase scrambling mode associated with the second frequency, or any combination thereof.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to: Send control signaling indicating one or more parameters to the receiving device of the backscattered signal.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to: The backscattered signal is received from the backscattering device according to one or more of the parameters.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one or more parameters are associated with symbol duration or sub-symbol duration.

13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first frequency and the second frequency are offset in frequency at least in part based on reverse divergence radio frequency shift.

14. An apparatus comprising: One or more memories, wherein the one or more memories store processor-executable code; and One or more processors, said one or more processors coupled to said one or more memories and capable of operating individually or jointly to execute said code to enable the device to: Receive control signaling indicating one or more parameters for the excitation signal from the device transmitting the excitation signal; as well as The backscattered signal of the excitation signal is received from the backscattering device at least in part based on one or more of the parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein, In order to receive the backscattered signal, the one or more processors can operate individually or jointly to execute the code to enable the device to: During the first time interval, the first frequency component of the backscattered signal at the third frequency is received; During the first time interval, the second frequency component of the backscattered signal at the fourth frequency is received; During the second time interval, the first frequency component of the backscattered signal at the fourth frequency is received; as well as During the second time interval, the second frequency component of the backscattered signal at the third frequency is received.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first time interval is a first symbol duration associated with the backscattering device, and the second time interval is a second symbol duration associated with the backscattering device.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the first time interval is a first portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattering device, and the second time interval is a second portion of the symbol duration associated with the backscattering device.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the third frequency is the same as the first frequency, and the fourth frequency is the same as the second frequency.

19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or jointly further operable to execute the code to cause the apparatus to: The backscattered signal is decoded at least in part based on a first phase scrambling mode and a second phase scrambling mode, wherein one or more parameters indicate the first phase scrambling mode and the second phase scrambling mode.

20. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein, In order to receive the backscattered signal, the one or more processors can operate individually or jointly to execute the code to enable the device to: During the first time interval, the first frequency component of the backscattered signal at the third frequency is received; During the second time interval, the first frequency component of the backscattered signal at the fourth frequency is received; During the third time interval, the second frequency component of the backscattered signal at the third frequency is received; as well as During the fourth time interval, the second frequency component of the backscattered signal at the fourth frequency is received.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the third frequency is the same as the first frequency, and the fourth frequency is the same as the second frequency.

22. A method for wireless communication, the method comprising: Determine one or more parameters of the excitation signal used to transmit the backscattered signal; as well as The excitation signal is transmitted to the backscattering device using a first antenna port and a second antenna port, at least in part based on one or more of the parameters, wherein the excitation signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein sending the excitation signal comprises: During the first time interval, the first frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the first frequency using the first antenna port; During the first time interval, the second frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the second frequency using the second antenna port; During the second time interval, the first frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the second frequency using the first antenna port; as well as During the second time interval, the second frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the first frequency using the second antenna port.

24. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: The first frequency component of the excitation signal is masked using a first on / off keying mode associated with the first antenna port to obtain a first portion of the first carrier. The first frequency component of the excitation signal is masked using a second on / off keying mode associated with the second antenna port to obtain a first portion of the second carrier. The second frequency component of the excitation signal is masked using a third on / off keying mode associated with the first antenna port to obtain a second portion of the first carrier, wherein the third on / off keying mode is complementary to the first on / off keying mode. The second frequency component of the excitation signal is masked using a fourth on / off keying mode associated with the second antenna port to obtain a second portion of the second carrier, wherein the fourth on / off keying mode is complementary to the second on / off keying mode. as well as The first carrier is transmitted via the first antenna port, and the second carrier is transmitted via the second antenna port.

25. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: Oversample the first on / off keying pattern associated with the first frequency to obtain a first oversampled on / off keying pattern including a certain number of bits. Oversampling is performed on a second on / off keying mode associated with the second frequency to obtain a second oversampled on / off keying mode including the number of bits, wherein the second on / off keying mode is complementary to the first on / off keying mode; The first fast Fourier transform (FFT) operation is performed on the first oversampling on / off keying mode based at least in part on the number of bits to obtain the first FFT output; The second FFT operation is performed on the second oversampling on / off keying mode at least in part based on the number of bits to obtain the second FFT output; The first FFT output is truncated to obtain a first truncated FFT output corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the first frequency; The second FFT output is truncated to obtain a second truncated FFT output corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the second frequency; The first truncated FFT output is mapped to a first set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the first frequency; The second truncated FFT output is mapped to a second set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the second frequency; as well as The inverse FFT is performed on the first truncated FFT output and the second truncated FFT output, at least in part based on the number of bits.

26. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: Oversampling is performed on a first on / off keying signal associated with the first frequency to obtain a first oversampled on / off keying mode, the first oversampled on / off keying mode including a number of bits corresponding to the number of resource elements associated with the first frequency. Oversampling is performed on a second on / off keying mode associated with the second frequency to obtain a second oversampled on / off keying mode including the number of bits, wherein the second on / off keying mode is complementary to the first on / off keying mode; Phase scrambling is performed on the first oversampling on / off keying mode based at least in part on the first phase scrambling mode to obtain a first set of scrambled bits; The phase scrambling is performed on the second oversampling on / off keying mode based at least in part on the second phase scrambling mode to obtain a second set of scrambled bits; Perform a first discrete Fourier transform (FFT) operation on the first set of scrambled bits to obtain a first DFT output; Perform a second DFT operation on the second set of scrambled bits to obtain a second DFT output; The first DFT output is mapped to a first set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the first frequency; The second DFT output is mapped to a second set of resource elements having the number of resource elements centered at the second frequency; as well as The inverse FFT is performed on the first DFT output and the second DFT output at least in part based on the number of bits.

27. The method of claim 22, wherein sending the excitation signal comprises: During the first time interval, the first frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the first frequency using the first antenna port; During the second time interval, the first frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the second frequency using the first antenna port, wherein the second antenna port is in a low-power state during the first time interval and the second time interval; During the third time interval, the second frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the first frequency using the second antenna port; as well as During the fourth time interval, the second frequency component of the excitation signal is transmitted at the second frequency using the second antenna port, wherein the first antenna port is in the low power state during the third time interval and the fourth time interval.

28. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: Send control signaling indicating one or more parameters to the receiving device of the backscattered signal.

29. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: The backscattered signal is received from the backscattering device according to one or more of the parameters.

30. A method for wireless communication, the method comprising: Receive control signaling indicating one or more parameters for the excitation signal from the device transmitting the excitation signal; as well as The backscattered signal of the excitation signal is received from the backscattering device at least in part based on one or more of the parameters, wherein the backscattered signal includes a first frequency component at a first frequency and a second frequency component at a second frequency.

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