Air interface data transmission method, communication device and electronic equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to an air interface data transmission method, a communication device and electronic equipment. According to the scheme, the data corresponding to the different air interfaces are sent in parallel in one-time data transmission, and the performance of the intelligent air interface is evaluated, tested, verified or calibrated by comparing the performance of the different air interfaces. When applied to a sending end, the method comprises the following steps: sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to a receiving end; wherein the at least two air ports comprise a first air port and a second air port; the data comprises first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface.

Description

Air interface data transmission method, communication device and electronic device Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular to an air interface data transmission method, a communication device, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] In wireless communication systems, the air interface (AIR) is the wireless transmission specification between base stations and user equipment (UE). It defines the modulation method, coding method, frequency, bandwidth, and switching method of wireless transmission.

[0003] In actual deployment environments, wireless channels are often unknown, and the performance of the air interface cannot be directly judged. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the air interface, especially the performance of the intelligent air interface in actual deployment environments.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present application provide an air interface data transmission method, a communication device, and an electronic device to solve the problem of air interface performance evaluation in an actual deployment environment.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide an air interface data transmission method, which is applied to a transmitting end and includes: transmitting data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to a receiving end; wherein the at least two air interfaces include a first air interface and a second air interface; and the data includes first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface. During a single transmission, data from different air interfaces (e.g., a smart air interface and a reference air interface) is scheduled for parallel transmission so that they pass through the same or similar channels. This enables reliable performance evaluation of air interfaces such as smart air interfaces in actual deployment environments, and can also be used for testing, verification, and calibration of air interfaces.

[0007] In one embodiment, the data has a predetermined frame structure; within the predetermined frame structure, the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and / or frequency domain. Through time domain and / or frequency domain multiplexing, different air interface data alternately occupy adjacent time and frequency resources, ensuring that the different air interface data experience as similar channel transmission as possible, thereby improving the reliability of performance comparison.

[0008] In one possible implementation, when the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain, the predetermined frame structure includes a time-division frame structure; in the time-division frame structure, the first data and the second data respectively occupy one or more time-domain units in the time domain; the time-domain unit is at least one of a symbol, a time slot, a subframe, a half-frame, and a frame. The time-division frame structure can support scenarios where different air interfaces (e.g., a smart air interface and a reference air interface) need to experience the same or similar frequency-domain channel characteristics, such as MIMO precoding or short packet transmission of control information. For example, when processing is performed using subbands as frequency-domain units, the two air interfaces need to experience the same subbands to achieve reliable performance comparison.

[0009] In one possible implementation, when the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the frequency domain, the predetermined frame structure includes a frequency division frame structure; in the frequency division frame structure, the first data and the second data respectively occupy one or more frequency domain units in the frequency domain; the frequency domain unit is at least one of a subcarrier, a resource block (RB), and a subband. The frequency division frame structure can support scenarios where different air interfaces (e.g., a smart air interface and a reference air interface) need to experience the same or similar time domain channel characteristics, such as time domain channel prediction or estimation, time domain sequence transmission, etc. The two air interfaces need to experience the same time domain variation characteristics or distribution channels to achieve reliable performance comparison.

[0010] In one possible implementation, when the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and in the frequency domain, the predetermined frame structure includes a time-frequency frame structure; in the time-frequency frame structure, the first data and the second data each occupy one or more time domain units in the time domain and one or more frequency domain units in the frequency domain. The time-frequency frame structure can support scenarios where different air interfaces need to experience the same or similar frequency domain channel characteristics, or can support scenarios where different air interfaces need to experience the same or similar time domain channel characteristics.

[0011] In one possible implementation manner, before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the method further includes: determining scheduling information; wherein the scheduling information includes at least one of time domain interval information, frequency domain interval information, and air interface sequence information; wherein the time domain interval information is used to indicate the intervals at which the first data and the second data respectively occupy time domain resources, and the frequency domain interval information is used to indicate the intervals at which the first data and the second data respectively occupy frequency domain resources; the air interface sequence information is at least used to indicate the order of the first data relative to the second data in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0012] In one possible implementation method, the scheduling information also includes at least one of time domain resource allocation information, frequency domain resource allocation information, modulation and coding strategy MCS information, and redundant version RV information; wherein, the time domain resource allocation information is at least used to indicate the time domain resource position; the frequency domain resource allocation information is at least used to indicate the frequency domain resource position.

[0013] In one possible implementation, determining the scheduling information includes configuring at least one piece of scheduling information via radio resource control (RRC) signaling, a media access control layer control element (MAC CE), or downlink control information (DCI). In some embodiments, configuring the at least one piece of scheduling information may include sending the at least one piece of scheduling information to a receiving end. The receiving end may be a user equipment (UE). The embodiments of the present application provide multiple adjustable scheduling information configuration schemes that can be flexibly adapted to actual application scenarios.

[0014] In one possible implementation, determining the scheduling information includes determining the scheduling information based on a semi-persistent scheduling configuration and a dynamic scheduling configuration. For example, based on the semi-persistent scheduling configuration, a parameter set corresponding to the scheduling information is sent to the user equipment via radio resource control (RRC) signaling; the parameter set includes candidate parameters corresponding to at least one type of information; and based on the dynamic scheduling configuration, a set of parameters to be used for the current transmission is dynamically indicated via a media access control layer control element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI); the set of parameters is selected from the candidate parameters in the parameter set.

[0015] In one possible implementation, determining the scheduling information includes determining the scheduling information based on a semi-persistent scheduling configuration and / or a dynamic scheduling configuration. For example, based on the semi-persistent scheduling configuration, at least one of time domain interval information, frequency domain interval information, and air interface sequence information is transmitted to the user equipment; and / or based on the dynamic scheduling configuration, at least one of time domain resource allocation information, frequency domain resource allocation information, modulation and coding strategy (MCS) information, and redundancy version (RV) information is transmitted to the user equipment.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the first air interface includes a first modulation module; the second air interface includes a second modulation module; wherein the first modulation module is used for modulation based on artificial intelligence AI technology; the second modulation module is used for modulation based on non-AI technology; before sending the data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the method further includes: inputting the data to be sent into the channel coding module in the form of a single transmission block TB; the data after channel coding is divided into a first part of data and a second part of data, the first part of data is input into the first modulation module for modulation to obtain the first data; the second part of data is input into the second modulation module for modulation to obtain the second data. wherein, inputting the data to be sent into the channel coding module in the form of a single transmission block TB may be inputting the data to be sent into the channel coding module in the form of a single data stream, the single data stream includes at least one TB, and at least one TB is input into the channel coding module. Based on the single TB transmission mode, the performance of the intelligent air interface can be evaluated, tested, verified, or calibrated by the values ​​of the loss functions corresponding to different air interfaces.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the first air interface includes a first channel coding module and a first modulation module; the second air interface includes a second channel coding module and a second modulation module; before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the method further includes: inputting the data to be transmitted into the first channel coding module and the second channel coding module respectively in the form of two concurrent transmission blocks TB; the data output by the first channel coding module is input into the first modulation module for modulation to obtain first data, and the data output by the second channel coding module is input into the second modulation module for modulation to obtain second data. Wherein, inputting the data to be transmitted into the first channel coding module and the second channel coding module respectively in the form of two concurrent transmission blocks TB can be two concurrent data streams of the data to be transmitted, the two data streams are input into the first channel coding module and the second channel coding module, each of the two data streams includes at least one TB, and the two TBs of the two data streams are input into the first channel coding module and the second channel coding module respectively. Based on the dual-TB transmission mode, air interfaces such as smart air interfaces can be evaluated, tested, verified, or calibrated based on decoding performance indicators.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the method further includes controlling data transmission corresponding to the first air interface and the second air interface based on the same hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process, wherein the first air interface and the second air interface use the same MCS information and RV information during data transmission. For example, in some embodiments, based on the same hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process, correctly decoded air interfaces of the first air interface and the second air interface are controlled not to be retransmitted, and only incorrectly decoded air interfaces are retransmitted. This single HARQ process control mechanism can evaluate the real-time decoding performance (i.e., short-term decoding performance) of the air interface and reduce unnecessary signaling transmission.

[0019] In one embodiment, the method further includes: controlling data transmission corresponding to the first air interface and the second air interface based on two independent HARQ processes, wherein the first air interface and the second air interface use the same or different MCS information and the same or different RV information during data transmission. This dual HARQ control mechanism can evaluate long-term throughput and other performance.

[0020] In one possible implementation manner, before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the method further includes: performing interleaving and / or mapping on the modulated data to be sent to obtain data with a predetermined frame structure.

[0021] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application also provides an air interface data transmission method, which is applied to a receiving end and includes: receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces; wherein the at least two air interfaces include a first air interface and a second air interface; the data includes first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the data has a predetermined frame structure; in the predetermined frame structure, the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the predetermined frame structure includes a time-division frame structure; in the time-division frame structure, the first data and the second data respectively occupy one or more time domain units in the time domain; the time domain unit is at least one of a symbol, a time slot, a subframe, a half frame, and a frame.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the predetermined frame structure includes a frequency division frame structure; in the frequency division frame structure, the first data and the second data respectively occupy one or more frequency domain units in the frequency domain; the frequency domain unit is at least one of a subcarrier, a resource block RB, and a subband.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the predetermined frame structure includes a time-frequency frame structure; in the time-frequency frame structure, the first data and the second data respectively occupy one or more time domain units in the time domain, and respectively occupy one or more frequency domain units in the frequency domain.

[0026] In one possible implementation manner, before receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, the method further includes: determining scheduling information; wherein the scheduling information includes at least one of time domain interval information, frequency domain interval information, and air interface sequence information; wherein the time domain interval information is used to indicate the intervals at which the first data and the second data respectively occupy time domain resources, and the frequency domain interval information is used to indicate the intervals at which the first data and the second data respectively occupy frequency domain resources; and the air interface sequence information is at least used to indicate the order of the first data relative to the second data in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0027] In one possible implementation method, the scheduling information also includes at least one of time domain resource allocation information, frequency domain resource allocation information, modulation and coding strategy MCS information, and redundant version RV information; wherein, the time domain resource allocation information is at least used to indicate the time domain resource position; the frequency domain resource allocation information is at least used to indicate the frequency domain resource position.

[0028] In one possible implementation manner, determining the scheduling information includes: receiving at least one of the scheduling information via radio resource control RRC signaling, a medium access control layer control element MAC CE, or downlink control information DCI.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the first air interface includes a first demodulation module, and the second air interface includes a second demodulation module; wherein the first demodulation module is used to demodulate the modulation corresponding to the first air interface; the second demodulation module is used to demodulate the modulation corresponding to the second air interface; after receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, the method further includes: dividing the data into first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface, inputting the first data into the first demodulation module for demodulation to obtain first demodulated data; inputting the second data into the second demodulation module for demodulation to obtain second demodulated data; determining a first value of a loss function corresponding to the first air interface based on the first demodulated data and a predetermined label; determining a second value of a loss function corresponding to the second air interface based on the second demodulated data and the predetermined label; the first value and the second value are used to evaluate the performance of the first air interface. The first value and the second value can also be used to evaluate the performance of the second air interface.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the first air interface includes a first demodulation module and a first channel decoding module, and the second air interface includes a second demodulation module and a second channel decoding module. After receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, the method further includes: dividing the data into first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface, inputting the first data into the first demodulation module for demodulation to obtain first demodulated data; inputting the second data into the second demodulation module for demodulation to obtain second demodulated data; inputting the first demodulated data into the first channel decoding module for decoding to obtain first decoded data; inputting the second demodulated data into the second channel decoding module for decoding to obtain second decoded data; determining first decoding performance information corresponding to the first air interface based on the first decoded data; and determining second decoding performance information corresponding to the second air interface based on the second decoded data. The first decoding performance information and the second decoding performance information are used to evaluate the performance of the first air interface. The first decoding performance information and the second decoding performance information can also be used to evaluate the performance of the second air interface.

[0031] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device, wherein the base station includes: a processor, wherein the processor is used to execute a computer program or instruction in a memory to implement a method as described in any one of the first or second aspects above.

[0032] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, the communication system comprising a first device and a second device; the first device is used to execute a method as described in any one of the first aspects above, and the second device is used to execute a method as described in any one of the second aspects above; or, the first device is used to execute a method as described in any one of the second aspects above, and the second device is used to execute a method as described in any one of the first aspects above.

[0033] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute a computer program or instruction in a memory to implement a method as described in any one of the first and second aspects above.

[0034] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed by a processor, the method as described in any one of the first or second aspects above is implemented.

[0035] In the seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application also provides a chip system, comprising: a communication interface for inputting and / or outputting data; a processor for executing a computer executable program so that a device equipped with the chip system executes a method as described in any one of the first or second aspects above.

[0036] In the solution proposed in the embodiment of the present application, in one data transmission, the data corresponding to at least two air interfaces are sent to the receiving end together, so that the data of different air interfaces experience approximately the same channel, and one of the air interfaces is used as a reference to evaluate the performance of another air interface (such as a smart air interface), thereby supporting reliable smart air interface switching or fallback and achieving reliable transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] FIG1 is an example diagram of data transmission based on an intelligent air interface in the related art;

[0038] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an actual deployment environment where the channel is unknown;

[0039] FIG3 is an example diagram of an application scenario of the air interface data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the air interface data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figures 5(a) to 5(c) show three examples of intelligent air interfaces.

[0042] Figures 6(a) to 6(e) are five examples of time-division frame structures;

[0043] Figures 7(a) to 7(e) are five examples of frequency division frame structures;

[0044] FIG7( f ) is a schematic diagram of dynamically indicating a time division frame structure through DCI;

[0045] FIG7( g ) is a schematic diagram showing a time-frequency frame structure dynamically indicated by DCI;

[0046] FIG8 is an example diagram of a time-frequency frame structure;

[0047] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a time-frequency frame structure obtained after sequentially flipping the frame structure shown in FIG8 ;

[0048] FIG10 is a flowchart of an example of combining a semi-static scheduling configuration with a dynamic scheduling configuration according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0049] FIG11 is an example diagram of a single TB mode architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0050] FIG12 is an example diagram of a dual-TB mode architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] FIG13 is an example diagram of a predetermined frame structure obtained by interleaving in an embodiment of the present application;

[0052] FIG14 is an example diagram of obtaining a predetermined frame structure through mapping in an embodiment of the present application;

[0053] FIG15 is a comparison diagram of RV versions under different HARQ control mechanisms in an embodiment of the present application;

[0054] FIG16( a ) and FIG16( b ) are flowcharts of two embodiments of the air interface data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0055] FIG17 is a flowchart of a specific embodiment of the air interface data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] FIG18 is a flowchart of another specific embodiment of the air interface data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] FIG19 is a flowchart of another specific embodiment of the air interface data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] FIG20( a ) is a schematic structural diagram of a communication device (base station or user equipment) provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] FIG20( b ) is another schematic structural diagram of a communication device (base station or user equipment) provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] FIG20( c ) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device (base station or user equipment) deployed with an AI module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] FIG21( a ) is a schematic diagram of the distribution structure of units such as RU and DU in an example of a communication device (base station) provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] FIG21( b ) is a schematic diagram of a distributed structure of another example of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] FIG22 is a simplified structural diagram of a communication device (base station) provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 23 is a simplified structural diagram of the communication device (user equipment) provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In order to better understand the technical solutions of this specification, the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0066] It should be clear that the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this specification, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0067] The terms used in the examples of this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this specification. The singular forms "a," "an," "the," and "the" used in the examples of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0068] In wireless communications, information must be transmitted from a transmitting device to a receiving device over the air interface. This process is affected by many factors, such as distance, obstacles, and weather. Therefore, air interface management and optimization are crucial components of wireless communication system design. For example, air interface communication quality and efficiency can be improved by adjusting transmit power, selecting appropriate channels, and using efficient coding schemes.

[0069] Intelligent air interface uses artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning technologies to automatically manage and optimize the air interface of wireless communication equipment to improve the performance of wireless communication systems.

[0070] For example, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 1 is an example diagram of a wireless communication system based on a neural network transceiver. The set of specifications adopted in the wireless communication system is an example of an intelligent air interface, and the intelligent air interface is an air interface based on a neural network. In this example, DNN (Deep Neural Networks) models are deployed in both the transmitter and the receiver. DNN is only an example, and other neural network models can also be deployed. Transmitters and receivers based on neural networks (NN) can be optimized according to the scenario through data-driven training to achieve better transmission signal design and reception performance. Neural networks can replace specific one or more modules in the transmission or reception processing.

[0071] Most neural networks require training. The smart air interface to be applied in an actual deployment environment may be an air interface deployed with a trained neural network model. This smart air interface may exhibit superior performance in an experimental environment, but the communication conditions in an actual deployment environment are more complex and changeable. There is a certain degree of uncertainty as to whether the trained smart air interface can adapt to the actual environment.

[0072] As shown in Figure 2, in actual deployment environments, wireless channels are often unknown. Under unknown communication conditions, it is also unknown whether the smart air interface can achieve the expected performance. Therefore, the performance of the smart air interface cannot be directly judged. If the smart air interface is directly put into use or continues to be used without performance evaluation in unknown transmission environments, the performance of the wireless communication system will be affected, reducing system reliability.

[0073] Therefore, in actual deployment environments, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of multiple air interfaces, especially intelligent air interfaces, and select the best performing air interfaces to handle communication services. Therefore, how to reliably evaluate the performance of intelligent air interfaces in actual deployment environments has become a technical problem that needs to be solved.

[0074] In view of this, an embodiment of the present application provides an air interface data transmission method, in which at least two air interfaces form a group of air interfaces, and the data corresponding to a group of air interfaces are transmitted in parallel in one transmission scheduling, and different air interface data are transmitted alternately on time / frequency resources according to a predetermined frame structure, so that the data of different air interfaces experience the closest frequency domain channel and / or time domain channel transmission, and one or more of the air interfaces are used as a reference to evaluate the performance of the target air interface (for example, the smart air interface is the target air interface). For example, for the performance evaluation of the smart air interface, the evaluation can be based on the loss function of the neural network, the link-level decoding performance, or the system-level throughput performance, and the smart air interface whose performance meets the expected requirements is selected. This supports reliable smart air interface selection, switching or fallback, achieves reliable transmission, and improves communication quality.

[0075] It should be noted that, in addition to being used to evaluate air interface performance, the methods provided in the embodiments of the present application can also be used to perform at least one of multiple operations, such as testing, verification, and calibration, on the air interface. The evaluation, testing, verification, or calibration operation can be performed on any of the at least two air interfaces. For example, through performance comparison, the performance of a smart air interface can be evaluated or tested, and the performance of a reference air interface can also be evaluated or tested.

[0076] The method provided in the embodiments of the present application or the product obtained based on the method can be applied to a variety of application scenarios based on wireless communication technology, such as mobile communications, Internet of Things, smart homes, smart transportation and other scenarios.

[0077] For example, as shown in Figure 3, Figure 3 illustrates an application scenario based on mobile communication technology. In a mobile communication application scenario, a wireless communication system may be composed of cells, each of which includes a base station (BS), which provides communication services to multiple user equipment (UEs). The wireless communication system may also perform point-to-point communication, such as communication between multiple UEs. The base station deploys at least two air interfaces. For example, as shown in Figure 3, the at least two air interfaces may include a smart air interface and a reference air interface.

[0078] A base station is a device deployed in a radio access network to provide wireless communication functions for UE. In an embodiment of the present application, at least two air interfaces are deployed in the base station. It should be noted that the base station, as a radio access network (RAN) node, may include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations (also known as small stations), relay stations, access points, etc. In systems using different wireless access technologies, the names of devices with base station functions may be different. For example, in a 5G-based wireless communication system, the base station is called gNB; in an LTE system, it is called an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB); in a third generation (3G) system, it is called a NodeB, etc.

[0079] It should be noted that the transmitting end in the embodiment of the present application may be a RAN node, and the RAN node may be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), an access point (AP), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next generation NodeB (gNB), a next generation base station in a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a WiFi system, etc. The RAN node may be a macro base station, a micro base station or an indoor station, a relay node or a donor node, or a wireless controller in a CRAN scenario. Optionally, the RAN node may also be a server, a wearable device, a vehicle or an on-board device, etc. For example, the access network device in the vehicle to everything (V2X) technology may be a road side unit (RSU). For the convenience of description, they are collectively referred to as base stations (BS) or access network devices below.

[0080] The UE includes a terminal equipment (TE) and / or a mobile station (MS). The MS can be divided into vehicle-mounted, portable, and handheld types. In the embodiments of the present application, the UE may include various handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. For example, it can be a smart phone, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a wearable electronic device (such as a smart watch, a bracelet, glasses, a collar), a vehicle, a drone, a helicopter, an airplane, a ship, a robotic arm, a personal digital assistant (PDA), an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a subscriber unit, a smart vehicle terminal, a cellular phone, a wireless data card, a wireless modem, a handheld device (handset), a laptop computer, a machine type communication (MTC) terminal, a smart home device, etc. For example, a smart home device can be a smart speaker, a television, a smart screen, a set-top box, a smart toy, a learning machine, etc. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the device form of the user device.

[0081] It should be noted that the method provided in the embodiments of the present application or the product obtained based on the method can be performed in a communication system architecture based on the integration of one or more of the following wireless communication systems:

[0082] Cellular systems related to the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as the 4th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (4G) system, the 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G) system, or future evolution systems (such as the 6G mobile communication system), open radio access network (O-RAN or ORAN), cloud radio access network (CRAN), or wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, wireless local area network (WLAN), long term evolution (LTE), wireless communication system architectures in three major application scenarios of the next-generation 5G mobile communication system, such as enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), Ultra Reliable & Low Latency Communication (uRLLC), Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), and Bluetooth calling (BT), GNSS, Near Field Communication (NFC), etc. Communication, NFC), frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting system, and / or infrared (IR) technology communication system, etc.

[0083] Among them, GNSS may include the global positioning system (GPS), the global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), the Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), the quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS) and / or the satellite based augmentation system (SBAS).

[0084] It should be noted that the solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to one or more of the following application scenarios:

[0085] Device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IOT), virtual reality, augmented reality, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart city, etc.; application scenarios based on mobile communication technologies (such as 4G, 5G, TD-SCDMA, WCDMA, LTE, etc.), application scenarios based on wireless LAN technologies (such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.), application scenarios based on satellite communication technologies (such as satellite phones, satellite TV, satellite navigation), application scenarios based on infrared communication technologies (infrared remote control, infrared data transmission), etc.

[0086] The method provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to the transmitting end and / or the receiving end. Under each wireless communication system architecture, the transmitting end and the receiving end may correspond to different devices respectively. For the convenience of description, the following exemplary description is based on the mobile communication system architecture shown in Figure 3. Based on this exemplary description, the implementation method under other wireless communication system architectures can be obtained.

[0087] The method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be that the base station sends an evaluation indication to the UE to start the data transmission signaling process, or the UE actively initiates an evaluation request to the base station. Therefore, in some embodiments, the base station can be used as the sending end and the UE device can be used as the receiving end; in other embodiments, the UE can be used as the sending end and the base station can be used as the receiving end. In other embodiments, point-to-point communication between UEs can also be supported, that is, the sending end and the receiving end are both UEs, and data transmission for evaluating air interface performance is performed between different UEs. That is, in the embodiment of the present application, the sending end can be a base station or a UE; the receiving end can be a UE or a base station. Alternatively, the sending end and the receiving end are both UEs.

[0088] From the perspective of the transmitting end, the method may include the steps of: sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces.

[0089] The at least two air interfaces include a first air interface and a second air interface; the data include first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface.

[0090] In an embodiment of the present application, a data transmission mechanism based on different air interfaces and a predetermined frame structure are proposed. Under this transmission mechanism, data from different air interfaces are interleaved and mixed and then transmitted in parallel in one data transmission, so that the data corresponding to different air interfaces undergo almost the same channel transmission.

[0091] In some embodiments, the transmitted data is data having a predetermined frame structure, in which the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and / or the frequency domain. The first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and / or the frequency domain, and the first data and the second data may occupy time domain resources in the same frequency domain interval, and / or occupy frequency domain resources in the same time domain interval. For example, the time division frame structure is time domain separation and frequency domain multiplexing, the frequency division frame structure is frequency domain separation and time domain multiplexing, and the time-frequency division frame structure is time domain and frequency domain both separately occupied.

[0092] Alternatively, it can be understood that the first data and the second data alternate in the time domain and / or frequency domain. For example, when the frequency domain interval is one frequency domain unit and the time domain interval is one time domain unit, the first data and the second data alternately occupy the frequency domain resources corresponding to the same time domain unit, and / or the first data and the second data alternately occupy the time domain resources corresponding to the same frequency domain unit.

[0093] Data with a predetermined frame structure may occupy time domain and / or frequency domain resources continuously or discontinuously.

[0094] It should be noted that the data frame structure proposed in the embodiments of the present application refers to a method or mode for multiplexing time-frequency resources for data corresponding to different air interfaces, for example, a method or mode for multiplexing time-frequency resources for first data and second data. This data frame structure can be compatible with the data frame structure of radio frames or system frames under various wireless communication protocols.

[0095] As shown in Figure 4, z air interfaces form a group of air interfaces, including the first air interface, the second air interface...the zth air interface. For example, the first air interface is a smart air interface and the second air interface is a reference air interface; z ≥ 2 and z is an integer. In a transmission scheduling, the first data, the second data...the zth data corresponding to the first air interface to the zth air interface are interleaved and / or mapped to obtain data of a predetermined frame structure. In the predetermined frame structure, the data of each air interface alternates in the time domain and / or frequency domain. At the receiving end, based on the demodulated data of each air interface, the performance of each air interface is evaluated. By comparing the performance of each air interface, for example, comparing the performance of the first air interface and the second air interface, an evaluation result of the performance of the target air interface (e.g., the smart air interface) is obtained.

[0096] The predetermined frame structure proposed in the embodiment of the present application includes at least one of a time division frame structure, a frequency division frame structure, and a time-frequency division frame structure. In one transmission, only one frame structure may be transmitted, or two or more frame structure data may be transmitted.

[0097] For clear description, the embodiment of the present application divides the air interface into two types, one is the smart air interface; the other type is other air interfaces other than the smart air interface, called the reference air interface. The reference air interface can be a traditional non-intelligent air interface, or a default smart air interface with robust performance, or other air interfaces that need to be compared.

[0098] It should be noted that the first air interface and the second air interface can be two air interfaces of the same type or two air interfaces of different types. In some embodiments, at least one of the at least two air interfaces is a smart air interface, and the other air interfaces are reference air interfaces. For example, the first air interface is a smart air interface and the second air interface is a reference air interface. In other embodiments, at least two air interfaces can all be smart air interfaces or all be reference air interfaces. All smart air interfaces can be air interfaces with different neural network structures, or air interfaces with the same neural network structure but different weight parameters. The reference air interface can be an air interface with known performance or an air interface with unknown performance.

[0099] For clarity of description, the following description is mainly based on an example in which the first air interface is a smart air interface and the second air interface is a reference air interface.

[0100] The first data corresponding to the first air interface is the data obtained after encoding, modulating, and other processing are performed on the data to be transmitted based on the specifications defined by the first air interface. Similarly, the second data corresponding to the second air interface is the data obtained after encoding, modulating, and other processing are performed on the data to be transmitted based on the specifications defined by the second air interface. For example, the first modulation module is a module that performs modulation according to the modulation method defined by the first air interface (intelligent air interface). For example, the first modulation module is the NN-Mod module as shown in Figure 4(a). Then, the data obtained after the data to be transmitted is processed by the first modulation module is the first data; similarly, the second modulation module is a module that performs modulation according to the modulation method defined by the second air interface (reference air interface). For example, the second modulation module is a traditional modulation module. Then, the data obtained after the data to be transmitted is processed by the second modulation module is the second data.

[0101] It should be noted that in the embodiments of this application, if at least one of the encoding, modulation, interleaving, mapping, and waveform processing modules in the transmitter utilizes AI technology, or if at least one of the waveform, decoding, and demodulation processing modules in the receiver utilizes AI technology, then the air interface corresponding to the transmitter and receiver is a smart air interface. Evaluating a smart air interface can be understood as evaluating one or more or all modules within that smart air interface.

[0102] The AI ​​technology mentioned in the embodiments of this application includes but is not limited to machine learning technology, and specifically refers to one or more of the following technologies:

[0103] Supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning (RL), semi-supervised learning, etc. Among them, supervised learning can include neural network (NN), linear regression, logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, etc. Unsupervised learning can include clustering analysis algorithms (such as k-means clustering algorithm), visual dimensionality reduction (such as principal component analysis, PCA; local linear embedding, etc.), association rule learning, etc. Reinforcement learning can include model-based reinforcement learning and model-free reinforcement learning. Semi-supervised learning can include generative methods, semi-supervised support vector machine (Semi-Supervised Vector Machine), deep belief network (DBN), etc.

[0104] In some embodiments, a smart air interface refers to an air interface in which at least one processing module adopts or deploys a neural network model. The neural network can be one or more combinations of the following network models:

[0105] Feedforward Neural Network (FNN), also known as Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP); Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN); Recurrent Neural Network (RNN); Hopfield Neural Network; Boltzmann Machine; Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM); Graph Neural Network (GNN), such as Graph Convolution Networks (GCN), Graph Attention Networks (GAN), and Graph Autoencoders; Radial Basis Function (RBF); BP (back propagation) Neural Network; Generative Adversarial Network (GAN); Attention-based Neural Networks, such as the Transformer model and the BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer) model.

[0106] For ease of description, the following description mainly uses the intelligent air interface using a neural network as an example.

[0107] The following are several examples of smart air interfaces deployed with neural network models, as shown in Figures 5(a) to 5(c). In Figure 5(a), at the transmitting end, a neural network is used to optimize the modulation module and waveform. The bits to be transmitted are channel coded to obtain coded bits. After the coded bits are modulated by the neural network (NN-Mod), they are mapped to physical resources, transformed into time domain signals through IFFT, and then sent after passing through a waveform module (T-NN) deployed with a neural network. The channel coding method uses forward error correction (FEC); the NN-Mod module is a modulation module deployed with a neural network, NN represents neural network, and Mod represents modulation (Modulator); the modulated data is subjected to an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to convert the frequency domain signal into a time domain signal; and the waveform is then shaped and sent through the T-NN module. For example, in some embodiments, a convolutional neural network can be deployed in the T-NN module. Correspondingly, at the receiving end, the signal is processed sequentially by the T-NN module, FFT module, NN-DeM module, and FEC module to obtain decoded data. NN-DeM represents a demodulation module with a neural network deployed, and DeM stands for demodulator. In this intelligent air interface example, neural networks are deployed in both the modulation module and the waveform processing module.

[0108] In Figure 5(b), a neural network is used for joint optimization of coding and modulation. NN-CoMo is the joint optimization module for coding and modulation. NN-CoMo employs a neural network. Transmitted bits are processed by the NN-CoMo module to generate modulated symbols. These symbols are then sent after processing such as IFFT. The receiver then directly estimates the transmitted bits. NN-DeCoMo, a joint optimization module for decoding and demodulation, is deployed at the receiver.

[0109] In Figure 5(c), a neural network is used to optimize the reference signal. NN-RS is the reference signal generation module deployed with a neural network on the transmitter side, where RS stands for Reference Signal. NN-CE is the channel estimation module deployed with a neural network on the receiver side, where CE stands for Channel Estimation. The transmitter generates the reference signal based on the neural network, and the receiver estimates the channel based on the reference signal.

[0110] This embodiment of the present application proposes a new data frame structure for evaluating air interface performance. The data frame structure is obtained by alternating first data and second data corresponding to the smart air interface and the reference air interface, respectively, in the time domain and / or frequency domain. Specifically, it can be divided into the following three types:

[0111] The first one is time-division multiplexing (TDM) (time-division frame structure).

[0112] The first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain, or time division multiplexing, and the corresponding predetermined frame structure is a time division frame structure. Multiplexing can be performed by alternating the use of corresponding resources. For example, in time domain multiplexing, the first data and the second data alternately occupy time domain resources.

[0113] Through time division, the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface are scheduled for synchronous transmission. That is, the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface are transmitted through time division multiplexing within one scheduled transmission opportunity.

[0114] Time domain resources are composed of time domain units, and frequency domain resources are composed of frequency domain units. Time division multiplexing means that in the time domain, different time domain units alternately transmit different air interface data; in the frequency domain, multiple frequency domain units corresponding to the same time domain unit are multiplexed by the same air interface to carry the same air interface data.

[0115] In an embodiment of the present application, the time domain unit may specifically be one or more of a symbol, a slot, a sub-slot, a sub-frame, a frame (i.e., a system frame or a radio frame, frame), a half-frame, etc. It should be noted that, as a time domain unit, a symbol refers to the time occupied by a symbol, and a sub-frame or frame refers to the time occupied by a sub-frame or frame. Among them, a sub-slot includes s symbols, 1≤s<S, and S represents the total number of symbols in a slot. For example, in 5G NR (New Radio), a slot can transmit 14 symbols, so a sub-slot can be understood as a part of a slot, for example, 1 sub-slot includes 2 symbols, then a slot is equal to 7 sub-slots, or, 1 sub-slot includes 7 symbols, then a slot is equal to 2 sub-slots. In some embodiments, the symbol may be an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbol.

[0116] The time domain unit in the time division frame structure can be specifically selected from symbols, time slots, sub-time slots, sub-frames, and frames according to the intelligent air interface and the wireless environment.

[0117] For example, as shown in Figure 6(a), the data corresponding to the smart air interface and the reference air interface are transmitted alternately in the time domain but not in the frequency domain. Within the same time unit (i.e., time domain unit), the data of the same air interface are transmitted on different frequency domain resources. Among them, the white time-frequency resource block with the text mark non-AI indicates that the data it carries is the second data corresponding to the reference air interface; the time-frequency resource block marked with AI and filled with a dot pattern indicates that the data it carries is the first data corresponding to the smart air interface. For the convenience of description, the data corresponding to the smart air interface may be referred to as the first data, and the data corresponding to the reference air interface may be referred to as the second data.

[0118] In the time-division frame structure provided in the embodiment of the present application, time domain resources are occupied separately by different air interfaces, while being multiplexed by the same air interface in the frequency domain. Specifically, the first data and the second data may occupy one or more time domain units respectively in the time domain. It can be understood that the first data and the second data alternately occupy time domain resources according to a predetermined time domain interval. The time domain interval includes one or more time domain units. In the time-division frame structure, the interval used when the first data and the second data alternate in the time domain is the time domain interval. To prevent confusion, in the frequency-division frame structure, the interval used when the first data and the second data alternate in the frequency domain is defined as the frequency domain interval.

[0119] It should be noted that the alternation between the first data and the second data can be uniform or non-uniform. In a uniformly alternating time-division frame structure, there is only one time domain interval: the time domain interval corresponding to the first data and the time domain interval corresponding to the second data are the same, sharing the same offset. In a non-uniformly alternating time-division frame structure, the time domain interval corresponding to the first data is offset 1, and the time domain interval corresponding to the second data is offset 2, where offset 1 ≠ offset 2.

[0120] For example, an example of a time-division frame structure is shown in Figure 6(a), where T represents the time domain, F represents the frequency domain, and t represents the time domain unit. The data transmitted at t1 and t3 is the first data (white), and the data transmitted at t2 and t4 is the second data (dot-filled). In this example, the time domain interval used when the first and second data alternate in the time domain is 1 time domain unit. Assume that the amount of data transmitted within a time domain unit t is one data unit. For example, if t represents a time slot, then the size of a data unit is 14 symbols; if t represents a symbol, then the size of a data unit is one symbol; if t represents the time corresponding to a subframe, then the size of a data unit is one subframe. In 5G NR, a subframe includes 10 slots. Assume that the first data includes M first data units and the second data includes N second data units. Then, between the mth first data unit and the m+1th first data unit in the first data, one second data unit can be inserted, where 1≤m≤M. For example, a data unit (non-AI) corresponding to the reference air interface is inserted between the two time domain units t2 and t4; or, between the nth second data unit and the n+1th data unit in the second data, a first data unit can be inserted, 1≤n≤N; for example, a data unit (AI) corresponding to the intelligent air interface can be inserted between t1 and t3.

[0121] In another embodiment, when the first data and the second data are alternating, they may be spaced apart by more than two time domain units. For example, in Figure 6(b), when the first data and the second data are alternating in the time domain, they are spaced apart by two time domain units. Assuming that the amount of data transmitted in one time domain unit is one data unit, the second data is divided into M groups, each group includes two second data units; the first data is divided into N groups, each group includes two second data units. Then, between the mth group of data and the m+1th group of data in the first data, two second data units (occupying two time domain units) can be inserted; in other words, between the nth group of data and the n+1th group of data in the second data, two first data units (occupying two time domain units) can be inserted.

[0122] Figures 6(a) and 6(b) both show examples of uniform alternation of first data and second data. In Figure 6(a), the offsets corresponding to the first data and the second data are both 1 time domain unit, and in Figure 6(b), the offsets corresponding to the first data and the second data are both 2 time domain units. In other embodiments, a non-uniform alternating time division frame structure may be adopted. For example, as shown in Figure 6(c), two first data units (AI) are inserted between the nth second data unit (non-AI) transmitted at t1 and the n+1th second data unit (non-AI) transmitted at t4, that is, the time domain interval offset 1 corresponding to the first data is 2 time domain units. Between t3 and t5, one non-AI data unit (second data unit) is inserted, that is, the time domain interval offset 2 corresponding to the second data is 1 time domain unit. Offset 1 ≠ offset 2.

[0123] For example, an example of a frame structure that is evenly alternating with one symbol as the time domain interval is shown in FIG6( d ), that is, t represents the time domain resource occupied by one symbol.

[0124] For example, an example of a frame structure that is evenly alternating with one slot or sub-slot as the time domain interval is shown in FIG6(e), where t represents the time domain resource occupied by one slot or sub-slot.

[0125] The time-division frame structure that supports alternating transmission of data from different air interfaces can ensure that data from different air interfaces experience the same or similar frequency domain channel characteristics as much as possible. For example, the intelligent air interface and the benchmark air interface need to experience approximately the same channel. In this way, the performance of different air interfaces can be obtained at the receiving end. By comparing the intelligent air interface and the benchmark air interface, with the performance of the benchmark air interface as a reference, the performance of the intelligent air interface can be evaluated. For example, the real-time decoding performance of the intelligent air interface or the long-term decoding, system throughput and other performance can be evaluated.

[0126] In some embodiments, the time domain unit can be determined based on the degree of change in the channel environment. For example, the user equipment's mobile speed can be detected and the time domain unit can be determined based on the user's mobile speed. For example, in actual application scenarios, for slow-moving devices, the channel changes more slowly, and transmission can be alternating in units of multiple symbols or time slots. In contrast, in scenarios where channel characteristics may change more rapidly, such as when the user equipment is moving rapidly, the alternation interval can be shortened. For example, a uniformly alternating time division frame structure with an interval of 1 symbol can be selected, that is, data corresponding to the smart air interface and the reference air interface are transmitted alternately in units of symbols.

[0127] It should be noted that, in the predetermined frame structure, the time domain resources or frequency domain resources occupied by the nth data unit in the first data and the nth data unit in the second data are adjacent, and the channel characteristics experienced by different air interfaces are closer.

[0128] It should be noted that the time-division frame structure can support scenarios where the smart air interface and the reference air interface need to experience the same or similar frequency domain channel characteristics. For example, one of the more typical application scenarios of the time-division frame structure can be MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) precoding or short packet transmission of control information. For example, processing is performed using sub-bands as frequency domain units. Different air interfaces need to experience the same sub-bands to achieve reliable performance comparison.

[0129] The second type is frequency division multiplexing (FDM) (frequency division frame structure).

[0130] The first data and the second data are multiplexed in the frequency domain, or frequency division multiplexing, and the corresponding predetermined frame structure is a frequency division frame structure. The multiplexing can be performed by alternating the corresponding resources. For example, in frequency domain multiplexing, the first data and the second data alternately occupy frequency domain resources.

[0131] Through frequency division, the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface are scheduled for synchronous transmission. That is, the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface are transmitted through frequency division multiplexing within one scheduled transmission opportunity.

[0132] In a frequency-division frame structure, frequency domain resources are occupied separately by different air interfaces, while being multiplexed by the same air interface in the time domain. Specifically, the first data and the second data may each occupy one or more frequency domain units in the frequency domain. This means that the first data and the second data alternately occupy frequency domain resources according to a predetermined frequency domain interval. The frequency domain interval consists of one or more frequency domain units. In a frequency-division frame structure, the interval between the first data and the second data when alternating in the frequency domain is called the frequency domain interval.

[0133] It should be noted that, similarly, in a frequency division frame structure, the alternation between the first data and the second data can be uniform or non-uniform. In a uniformly alternating frequency division frame structure, there is only one frequency domain interval, that is, the first data and the second data use the same offset. In a non-uniformly alternating frequency division frame structure, the frequency domain interval corresponding to the first data is offset 3, and the frequency domain interval corresponding to the second data is offset 4, where offset 3 ≠ offset 4.

[0134] Frequency domain resources are composed of frequency domain units, and time domain resources are composed of time domain units. Frequency division multiplexing means that in the frequency domain, different frequency domain units alternately transmit different air interface data, for example, data corresponding to the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface are alternately transmitted on frequency domain resources; in the time domain, multiple time domain units corresponding to the same frequency domain unit carry the same air interface data, for example, all are intelligent air interface data or all are reference air interface data, and are multiplexed by the same air interface.

[0135] In the embodiment of the present application, the frequency domain unit may specifically be at least one of a subband, a subcarrier, a RE (Resource Element), and a RB (Resource Block).

[0136] It should be noted that in LTE, one subcarrier in frequency and one symbol in the time domain are called one RE, that is, the size of one RE is 1symbol*1Subcarrier, but in the embodiment of the present application, when RE is used as the frequency domain unit, it represents the frequency domain resources corresponding to one RE, that is, it represents one subcarrier. In LTE, 12 consecutive subcarriers in frequency and one slot in the time domain are one RB, that is, the size of one RB is 1slot*12Subcarrier. In the embodiment of the present application, when RB is used as the frequency domain unit, it represents the frequency domain resources corresponding to one RB, that is, 1RB=12 subcarriers.

[0137] In the frequency division frame structure, one or more of sub-band, RB or RE can be selected as the frequency domain unit according to the intelligent air interface and the wireless environment.

[0138] For example, an example of a frequency division frame structure is shown in Figure 7(a). The data corresponding to the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface are transmitted alternately in the frequency domain, but not alternately in the time domain. The data of the same air interface is transmitted in different time domain units corresponding to the same frequency domain unit. Among them, the white time-frequency resource block with the text mark "non-AI" indicates that the data it carries is the second data corresponding to the reference air interface; the time-frequency resource block marked with a dot pattern fill indicates that the data it carries is the first data corresponding to the intelligent air interface.

[0139] In Figure 7(a), T represents the time domain, F represents the frequency domain, and f represents the frequency domain unit. f1 and f3 are occupied by the intelligent air interface, and the transmitted data is the first data (white). f2 and f4 are occupied by the reference air interface, and the transmitted data is the second data (dot filling). In this example, the frequency domain interval used by the first data and the second data when alternating in the frequency domain is 1 frequency domain unit. Assuming that f specifically represents 1 subcarrier, then in the channel, the first data and the second data can occupy frequency domain resources respectively with an interval of 1 subcarrier. For example, the subcarrier f2 between the subcarriers f1 and f3 used to carry the first data (AI) can be used to carry the second data (non-AI).

[0140] Similar to the time-division frame structure, in another embodiment, when the first data and the second data are alternated, they can be spaced apart by more than two frequency domain units, that is, the frequency domain interval is 2 or more frequency domain units. For example, in Figure 7(b), assuming that the frequency domain unit is RB, the frequency domain interval is 2 RBs, and f represents the frequency domain resource corresponding to 1 RB (12 symbols), then when the first data and the second data are alternated, they are spaced apart by 2 RBs, that is, 24 symbols. For example, f1-f6 represent the 1st to 6th RBs in the channel, respectively. The 1st and 2nd RBs are used to carry the first data (AI), and the 3rd and 4th RBs between the 2nd RB and the 5th RB f5 are used to carry the second data (non-AI).

[0141] Figures 7(a) and 7(b) both show examples of uniform alternation of first data and second data in the frequency domain. In other embodiments, a non-uniform alternation frequency division frame structure may be used. Assuming that the xth frequency domain unit and the x+yth frequency domain unit are used to carry the first data, then the y-1 frequency domain units between the xth frequency domain unit and the x+yth frequency domain unit can carry the second data. For example, as shown in Figure 7(c), f1 is used to carry the first data (AI). After an interval of two frequency domain units, f4 carries the first data. The two frequency domain units f2 and f3 between f1 and f4 are used to carry the second data (non-AI). Then the frequency domain interval offset 3 corresponding to the first data is 1*f, and the frequency domain interval offset 4 corresponding to the second data is 2*f.

[0142] For example, an example of a frame structure in which one RE or RB is used as the frequency domain interval for alternation is shown in FIG7( d ). An example of a frame structure in which one subband is used as the frequency domain interval for alternation is shown in FIG7( e ).

[0143] The frequency domain unit in the frequency division frame structure can be specifically selected from units such as subcarrier, subband, RB or RE according to the channel variation characteristics of the intelligent air interface and the wireless environment.

[0144] The frequency division frame structure can support scenarios where the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface need to experience the same or similar time domain channel characteristics, such as time domain channel prediction or estimation, time domain sequence transmission, etc. Different air interfaces need to experience time domain variation characteristics or the same distribution of channels to achieve reliable performance comparison.

[0145] The third type is time-frequency frame structure (Time & Frequency-division multiplexing, TFDM) (time-frequency frame structure).

[0146] The first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and in the frequency domain, and the corresponding predetermined frame structure is a time-frequency frame structure. The multiplexing can be performed by alternating the corresponding resources. For example, in the time domain and in the frequency domain, the first data and the second data alternately occupy time domain resources in the time domain and alternately occupy frequency domain resources in the frequency domain.

[0147] A time-frequency frame structure is a frame structure that is both time- and frequency-divided. In this structure, time domain resources are allocated separately by different air interfaces, and frequency domain resources are allocated separately by different air interfaces. That is, the first data and the second data each occupy one or more time domain units, and each occupy one or more frequency domain units in the frequency domain. This means that the first data alternates based on time domain intervals in the time domain and frequency domain intervals in the frequency domain.

[0148] The time-frequency frame structure is a combination of the time-division frame structure and the frequency-division frame structure. The data corresponding to different air interfaces are transmitted alternately in the time domain and the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, different frequency domain units transmit different air interface data alternately. For example, the data corresponding to the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface are transmitted alternately on the frequency domain resources. In addition, in the time domain, different time domain units transmit different air interface data alternately.

[0149] For example, as shown in Figure 8, Figure 8 shows an example of a time-frequency frame structure. The time-frequency resources corresponding to the four frequency domain units and the four time domain units can be viewed as a 4*4 grid, where each grid represents a time-frequency resource unit. In this grid, rows represent frequency domain resources, and columns represent time domain resources. Two adjacent grids in a row are occupied by data corresponding to different air interfaces, such as first data and second data, respectively; and two adjacent grids in a column are occupied by data corresponding to different air interfaces, such as first data and second data, respectively.

[0150] Figure 8 is only an example. By combining the time division frame structure and the frequency division frame structure, various other time-frequency frame structures other than those shown in Figure 8 can be obtained, such as a time-frequency frame structure in which both the time domain and the frequency domain are uniformly alternating and the interval is more than 2 units; or a time-frequency frame structure in which the time domain is uniformly alternating and the frequency domain is non-uniformly alternating, or a time-frequency frame structure in which the frequency domain is uniformly alternating and the time domain is non-uniformly alternating, etc. The embodiments of the present application will not enumerate them one by one.

[0151] The time-frequency frame structure can be applied to task scenarios where reference signals and other tasks are affected by the correlation between the time and frequency domains.

[0152] It should be noted that the above three frame structures can be dynamically indicated through DCI. For example, the schematic diagram of dynamically indicating the time-division frame structure (equal intervals, i.e., uniform alternation) through DCI is shown in Figure 7(f), and the schematic diagram of dynamically indicating the time-frequency frame structure (non-equal intervals, non-uniform alternation) through DCI is shown in Figure 7(g).

[0153] In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, the first air interface is often used as an intelligent air interface, and the second air interface is used as a reference air interface for illustration. In fact, the method proposed in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to the performance evaluation of different air interfaces of the same type. For example, the first air interface and the second air interface are both reference air interfaces, and the performance of the reference air interface can be evaluated by comparing the performance of the two reference air interfaces. Alternatively, both air interfaces are intelligent air interfaces, but different AI-based processing methods are used. For example, the parameters in the neural network deployed in the modulation module are different. By comparing the performance of the two intelligent air interfaces, parameters with better performance can be selected. Therefore, the method provided in the embodiments of the present application is also equivalent to a new training method for training intelligent air interfaces.

[0154] In addition, since adjacent signals may influence each other, the transmission order of the air interface may affect the performance evaluation results. For example, in the time-frequency frame structure shown in Figure 8, the first time-frequency resource block (f1*t1) carries the data corresponding to the intelligent air interface, and the two time-frequency resource blocks t1*f2 and t2*f1 carry the data corresponding to the reference air interface. In the transmission order in the time domain and frequency domain, the intelligent air interface precedes the reference air interface, that is, the transmission is in the order of intelligent air interface first and reference air interface later. The mutual influence generated based on this order may cause certain deviations in the performance data obtained by the receiving end, thereby reducing the reliability of the performance evaluation.

[0155] Therefore, an embodiment of the present application also proposes a sequence reversal mechanism, that is, at least two transmissions are adopted for a group of air interfaces. In the first transmission, the order of the first air interface in front and the second air interface in the back can be adopted; in the second transmission, the previous order is reversed, and the order of the second air interface in front and the first air interface in the back is adopted, and then transmitted again. For example, after the time-frequency frame structure shown in Figure 8 is reversed, a time-frequency frame structure as shown in Figure 9 is obtained. In the first transmission, the frame structure shown in Figure 8 is adopted, and in the second transmission, the frame structure shown in Figure 9 is adopted. Then, the performance data obtained from the two transmissions are summed or averaged to offset the impact caused by the air interface order, obtain more accurate performance data, and improve the accuracy of performance evaluation.

[0156] It should be noted that before transmission is performed, scheduling information must be determined. That is, before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to a receiving end, scheduling information must be configured. For example, when a base station is acting as a transmitter, scheduling information is determined by the base station itself determining the scheduling information or obtaining the scheduling information from the core network and then sending the scheduling information to the user equipment (UE). When a UE is acting as a transmitter, scheduling information can be determined by obtaining the scheduling information, for example, the UE receives scheduling information sent by the base station.

[0157] The scheduling information may be determined, specifically by configuring through one or more combinations of radio resource control RRC signaling, media access control layer control element MAC CE, and downlink control information DCI.

[0158] Scheduling information can be understood as the various parameter information that needs to be configured to achieve a data transmission, including time division or frequency division, the resource sequence / interval occupied by the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface, the specific time and frequency resource location during each transmission, the MCS used during transmission, the HARQ redundancy version and other information.

[0159] In some embodiments, the scheduling information may include frame structure information and transmission parameters. The frame structure is an important parameter that needs to be configured in the scheduling information and may include time-frequency resource parameters, such as the manner and units in which different air interfaces occupy time-frequency resources, such as time division or frequency division, and the resource units of time division or frequency division. Transmission parameters may be the configuration of the signal processing used during transmission, such as the MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) used for channel coding and modulation during signal processing. The MCS information is used to indicate at least information such as the code rate and modulation order.

[0160] In some embodiments, scheduling information can be divided into two groups: one group indicating the frame structure and the other group indicating transmission parameters. The first group includes at least one of time domain interval information and / or frequency domain interval information, and air interface sequence information. In other words, the first group includes interval information and / or air interface sequence information. The interval information can be time domain interval information and / or frequency domain interval information. Generally, the frame structure can be determined based at least on the air interface sequence and interval information.

[0161] Exemplarily, in some embodiments, when a time division frame structure is adopted, the first set of information may include air interface sequence information and time domain interval information.

[0162] The air interface sequence information is used to at least indicate the order of the first data relative to the second data in the time domain and / or frequency domain. For example, in the air interface sequence field in the scheduling information, multiple bits are used to represent the air interface sequence information, with "0" representing the reference air interface and "1" representing the intelligent air interface. Thus, the air interface sequence information for the frame structure shown in Figure 6(a) may be "0101", the air interface sequence information for the frame structure shown in Figure 6(b) may be "001100", and the air interface sequence information for the frame structure shown in Figure 6(c) may be "0110110". Alternatively, a single bit may be used to represent the air interface sequence information, with "0" indicating that the reference air interface comes first and "1" indicating that the intelligent air interface comes first.

[0163] In some embodiments, the air interface sequence can also be used to indicate whether the current transmission sequence is reversed relative to the previous transmission sequence. For example, the first bit or the last bit of the multiple bits used to indicate the air interface sequence is set to indicate whether the sequence is reversed, for example, "0" indicates no reversal, "1" indicates reversal, etc. Exemplarily, the sequence reversal can be changing "0" in the air interface sequence of the previous transmission to "1" or "1" to "0". For example, the air interface sequence is "0101". After reversal, the sequence becomes "1010", and the intelligent air interface is changed from the reference air interface first to the first air interface.

[0164] In addition, the air interface sequence information may optionally include frame structure type information, where two bits are designated in the air interface sequence information to indicate the frame structure type, for example, 01 indicates a time division frame structure, 10 indicates a frequency division frame structure, and 11 indicates a time-frequency division frame structure.

[0165] The time domain interval information is used to indicate the interval at which the first data and the second data alternate in the time domain. For example, the time domain interval can be one or more symbols, one or more time slots / sub-time slots, or subframes. For example, 8 bits are used to represent the time domain interval information, where the first 4 bits represent the number of time domain units in the interval, and the last 4 bits represent the time domain unit. Different codes are used for different types of time domain units, such as 0001 for a symbol, 0010 for a slot, and 0011 for a subframe. For example, if the interval is one character, the corresponding time domain interval information is "0001 0001"; if the interval is two time slots, the corresponding time domain interval information is "0010 0010."

[0166] In some embodiments, when a frequency-division frame structure is determined to be used, the first set of information includes air interface sequence information and frequency domain interval information. The frequency domain interval information is used to indicate the interval at which the first data and the second data alternate in the frequency domain. In other embodiments, when a time-frequency frame structure is determined to be used, the first set of information includes air interface sequence information, time domain interval information, and frequency domain interval information.

[0167] In some embodiments, the second set of information includes at least one of time domain resource allocation information, frequency domain resource allocation information, modulation and coding strategy MCS information, and redundancy version RV information.

[0168] The time domain resource allocation information is used to indicate at least the location of time domain resources, such as the location of time domain resources used in the current transmission. The frequency domain resource allocation information is used to indicate at least the location of frequency domain resources, such as the location of frequency domain resources used in the current transmission. The redundancy version (RV) information is the redundancy version (RV) information based on the Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ).

[0169] Exemplarily, the scheduling information corresponding to the time division frame structure may be shown in Table 1 below.

[0170] Table 1

[0171] This includes conventional time and frequency domain resource allocation information, as well as transmission-related parameters such as the transmission order of the smart air interface and the reference air interface (i.e., air interface order), time domain interval, shared MCS, and HARQ redundancy version (RV) information. The air interface order can indicate which air interface is first in each transmission, or whether the transmission order is reversed relative to the previous transmission order.

[0172] Specifically, AI / Legacy first inDCIation indicates the air interface order; Time domain resource assignment indicates the time domain resource allocation information, which is used to indicate the time domain resource location of this transmission; Time domain offset indicates the time domain resource interval (i.e., the time domain interval); MCS indicates the modulation and coding strategy information; RV indicates the redundancy version information; and Frequency domain resource assignment indicates the frequency domain resource allocation information, which is used to indicate the frequency domain resource location of this transmission. In some embodiments, MCS and RV information are shareable information.

[0173] It should be noted that the example shown in Table 1 only includes one Time Domain Offset field. This indicates that in the time-division frame structure corresponding to Table 1, data from different air interfaces is evenly alternating in the time domain. In non-uniform alternation examples, two offset fields may be included, such as Time Domain Offset 1 and Time Domain Offset 2. Time Domain Offset 1 indicates the time domain interval corresponding to the first data, and Time Domain Offset 2 indicates the time domain interval corresponding to the second data.

[0174] Exemplarily, the scheduling information corresponding to the frequency division frame structure may be shown in Table 2 below.

[0175] Table 2

[0176] The scheduling information corresponding to the frequency-division frame structure may include conventional time-domain and frequency-domain resource allocation information, as well as transmission-related parameters such as the transmission order of the smart air interface and the reference air interface (air interface order), frequency domain interval, shared MCS, and HARQ redundancy version. The air interface order may indicate which air interface is on top for each transmission. In some embodiments, it may also indicate whether the order of the current transmission is reversed relative to the previous transmission.

[0177] Among them, AI / Legacy first inDCIation represents the air interface order, Frequency domain resource assignment represents the frequency domain resource allocation information, which is used to indicate the frequency domain resource position of this transmission; Frequency domain offset represents the frequency domain resource interval (i.e., frequency domain interval); MCS represents the modulation and coding strategy information; RV represents the redundant version information; Time domain resource assignment is used to indicate the time domain resource position of this transmission.

[0178] It should be noted that the example given in Table 2 only includes one Frequency Domain Offset. This shows that in the frequency division frame structure corresponding to Table 2, data from different air interfaces is uniformly alternating in the frequency domain. In non-uniform alternation examples, two offset fields may be included, such as Frequency Domain Offset 3 and Frequency Domain Offset 4. Frequency Domain Offset 3 indicates the frequency domain interval corresponding to the first data, and Frequency Domain Offset 4 indicates the frequency domain interval corresponding to the second data.

[0179] Exemplarily, the scheduling information corresponding to the time-frequency frame structure may be as shown in Table 3 below.

[0180] Table 3

[0181] The scheduling information corresponding to the time-division frame structure may include only time-domain resource interval information, and the scheduling information corresponding to the frequency-division frame structure may include only frequency-domain resource interval information. The scheduling information corresponding to the time-frequency frame structure includes both time-domain resource interval information (time-domain interval information) and frequency-domain resource interval information (frequency-domain interval information).

[0182] The above tables are only examples. In some embodiments, the scheduling information may also include frame structure type information and / or data information to be transmitted, wherein the data information to be transmitted is used as a label for calculating the loss function value when evaluating performance, which will be explained in detail in subsequent content.

[0183] The following describes in detail how to configure scheduling information.

[0184] Exemplarily, configuring scheduling information may include transmitting at least one type of scheduling information to a transmitting end or a receiving end, for example, a base station transmitting scheduling information to a user equipment. Specifically, at least one type of scheduling information may be transmitted to the user equipment based on a semi-persistent scheduling configuration and / or a dynamic scheduling configuration. For transmitting scheduling information, a semi-persistent scheduling configuration or a dynamic scheduling configuration, or a combination of the semi-persistent scheduling configuration and the dynamic scheduling configuration, may be employed.

[0185] It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, the data sender in a data transmission is defined as the transmitting end, and the data receiver is defined as the receiving end. Data transmission can be sent from a base station to a user device, or from a user device to a base station. Therefore, the receiving end can be either a user device or a base station, and similarly, the transmitting end can be either a base station or a user device. Before a data transmission, the scheduling information required for this data transmission needs to be determined. In most embodiments, the scheduling information is configured by the base station sending the scheduling information to the user device.

[0186] In other embodiments, the scheduling information may be synchronized between base stations, for example, one base station sends the scheduling information to another base station. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the scheduling information may be synchronized between UEs, for example, one user equipment (UE) sends the scheduling information to another user equipment (UE). Alternatively, in still other embodiments, the UE may send a request to the base station, carrying a set of scheduling information in the request, i.e., the UE requests the base station to use a set of parameters in the scheduling information. After receiving the request, the base station may send a confirmation message to the UE, indicating that the base station allows the UE to use the set of scheduling information.

[0187] In some embodiments, the semi-static scheduling configuration can configure parameters that are used for a long time, such as the parameter information related to the frame structure in the first group of information mentioned above. Compared with information such as RV and MCS, the usage time is relatively longer and the update frequency is lower. A semi-static scheduling configuration can be adopted, such as information such as air interface sequence, time domain or frequency domain resource interval, time division / frequency division mode (i.e., frame structure type). The same configuration parameters can be used within a period of time, so a semi-static scheduling configuration can be adopted.

[0188] In the embodiments of the present application, there are no restrictions on the objects of semi-persistent scheduling and dynamic scheduling. Semi-persistent scheduling can configure various information in the scheduling information. For example, periodic scheduling indicates periodic transmission over a long period of time, and various parameters are indicated by semi-persistent scheduling. Similarly, dynamic scheduling can also configure various information in the scheduling information.

[0189] Semi-static scheduling configuration can be performed at predetermined intervals, configuring fixed transmission parameters for a period of time and periodically updating the parameters. The predetermined interval can be a time period, such as every multiple frames, milliseconds, hours, weeks, weeks, days, months, etc. The predetermined interval can also be the number of transmissions, for example, by counting the number of transmissions between the base station and the UE and updating the parameters every predetermined number of times. Semi-static scheduling configuration is updated less frequently than dynamic scheduling configuration.

[0190] Dynamic scheduling configuration is applicable to parameters with a relatively higher configuration frequency. In some embodiments, it can be used to configure parameters used for each transmission, such as the time-frequency resource location, MCS or HARQ redundancy version RV in the second group of information.

[0191] Exemplarily, scheduling information is configured for a transmitter or receiver based on a semi-persistent scheduling configuration and / or a dynamic scheduling configuration, specifically in one or more of the following ways:

[0192] Method 1: Combining semi-persistent scheduling configuration with dynamic scheduling configuration, a parameter set is sent to the user equipment based on the semi-persistent scheduling configuration, and the dynamic scheduling configuration indicates specific parameters for each transmission, which can be selected from the parameter set.

[0193] As shown in Figure 10, taking the transmitting end as the base station BS and the receiving end as the user equipment UE as an example, as an implementation method, after the base station side determines the parameter set corresponding to the scheduling information, it responds to the evaluation request issued by the UE, or is actively initiated by the base station side, based on the radio resource control (RRC) signaling, and sends the parameter set corresponding to the scheduling information to the user equipment. The parameter set includes candidate parameters corresponding to at least one information in the scheduling information. For example, taking the scheduling information shown in Table 1 as an example, it includes AI / Legacy first inDCIation, Time domain resource assignment (bit map or start+length), Time domain offset, MCS, RV and Frequency domain resource assignment and other information. In the parameter set, each of the information includes at least one candidate parameter, for example, time domain resource interval information (time domain interval information) Time domain offset is a kind of information. In the parameter set, the candidate parameter corresponding to this information can be a combination of number and time domain unit, such as 1 symbol interval, 2 time slot interval, 3 subframe interval, etc.

[0194] In some embodiments, before each transmission, based on the dynamic scheduling configuration, a set of parameters to be used for this transmission is dynamically indicated via a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) or downlink control information (DCI); the set of parameters is selected from candidate parameters in a parameter set. That is, before each transmission, the base station selects one of the sets of parameters via a MAC CE or dynamically indicates the parameters to be used for this transmission via DCI. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, to reduce signaling interactions, a single dynamic indication may apply to one or more transmissions, supporting the use of the same set of parameters for multiple transmissions.

[0195] The scheduling information configuration of the above three frame structures can all adopt the first method, that is, after semi-static scheduling configuration is performed through RRC signaling, activation is performed through MAC CE or direct dynamic indication through DCI.

[0196] Method 2: The first set of information in the scheduling information is based on a semi-persistent scheduling configuration, and the second set of information in the scheduling information is based on a dynamic scheduling configuration. Specifically, the first set of information in the scheduling information is sent to the UE based on the semi-persistent scheduling configuration. The second set of information in the scheduling information is sent to the UE based on the dynamic scheduling configuration. For example, if the predetermined period is 65536 milliseconds, and the scheduling information is sent based on the semi-persistent scheduling configuration, the first set of information is sent to the UE every 65536 milliseconds. Before each data transmission, the base station sends the second set of information to the UE.

[0197] Method 3: All scheduling information is configured using semi-static scheduling. For example, all information in the scheduling information is updated every 65,536 milliseconds or at some other predetermined interval. Within a predetermined interval, all transmissions use the same parameters.

[0198] Method 4: All scheduling information adopts dynamic scheduling configuration. For example, before each transmission, the base station dynamically indicates the parameters required for this transmission to the UE through DCI.

[0199] In some embodiments, the scheduling information is generally indicated by the base station to the UE. If the sending device is a user equipment UE, the scheduling information is generally received from the base station; if the base station device acts as the sending end, it can generally decide the scheduling information on its own and then synchronize it to the UE, that is, the user equipment UE also needs to receive the scheduling information.

[0200] In an embodiment of the present application, a data transmission can be divided into a single transport block (TB) mode or a dual transport block mode, that is, an embodiment of the present application also proposes a data transmission mechanism of a single transport block (TB) or a dual transport block. In the single TB mode, the air interface performance is evaluated based on the loss function, and in the dual TB mode, the air interface performance is evaluated using decoding performance data. In the single TB mode, the data to be sent is input into the channel coding module in the form of a single transport block TB, which may be the data to be sent is input into the channel coding module in the form of a single data stream, the single data stream includes at least one TB, and at least one TB is serially input into the channel coding module. In the dual TB mode, the data to be sent is input into the first channel coding module and the second channel coding module respectively in the form of two concurrent transport blocks TB, which may be two concurrent data streams for the data to be sent, the two data streams are input into the first channel coding module and the second channel coding module in parallel, each of the two data streams includes at least one TB, and the two TBs of the two data streams are input into the first channel coding module and the second channel coding module in parallel.

[0201] In single TB mode, exemplarily, as shown in Figure 11, at the transmitting end, different air interfaces multiplex the same channel coding module (Channel coding). After the information bits are channel coded, some coded bits are processed by intelligent modulation (AI mod), and other coded bits are processed by traditional modulation (Legacy mod). The generated symbols can be interleaved and mapped to achieve time division or frequency division; at the receiving end, the loss function values ​​obtained by intelligent demodulation (DeM 1) and traditional demodulation (DeM 2) can be statistically analyzed to evaluate the intelligent air interface. Among them, AI mod is the first modulation module and Legacy mod is the second modulation module. A neural network for realizing intelligent modulation is deployed in AI mod.

[0202] Specifically, at the transmitting end, the first air interface and the second air interface adopt a single TB channel coding method. In the single TB channel coding method, the channel coding object is a single TB data stream. From the perspective of hardware implementation, the single TB data stream can be channel coded through the same channel coding module (Channel coding). Under the single TB channel coding method, different air interfaces adopt the same channel coding method. The first air interface also includes a first modulation module; the second air interface also includes a second modulation module; wherein the first modulation module is used for modulation based on artificial intelligence AI technology; the second modulation module is used for modulation based on non-AI technology.

[0203] Based on the single TB mode architecture, in some embodiments, before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the data to be sent is input into the same channel coding module as a single transmission block TB; the data output by the channel coding module is divided into a first part of data and a second part of data, the first part of data is input into the first modulation module (AI mod) for modulation, and the second part of data is input into the second modulation module (Legacy mod) for modulation.

[0204] To prevent confusion between the first part of the data and the first data, it should be noted that in the single TB mode, the data obtained after the first part of the data is modulated by the first modulation module is the first data; the data obtained after the second part of the data is modulated by the second modulation module is the second data.

[0205] At the receiving end, the first air interface also includes a first demodulation module (DeM 1), and the second air interface includes a second demodulation module (DeM 2); wherein the first demodulation module is used to demodulate the modulation adopted by the first modulation module; the second demodulation module is used to demodulate the modulation adopted by the second modulation module.

[0206] It should be noted that non-AI modulation can be demodulated using AI technology, and AI modulation can also be demodulated using non-AI technology. Therefore, in some embodiments, when the first modulation module at the transmitting end performs modulation based on AI technology, the first demodulation module at the receiving end can be either AI-based or non-AI-based. Similarly, when the second modulation module is traditional modulation (non-AI modulation), the second demodulation module can be either AI-based or non-AI-based.

[0207] After receiving the data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, the receiving end divides the data into first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface through inverse mapping and / or interleaving. The first data is input into the first demodulation module for demodulation to obtain first demodulated data; the second data is input into the second demodulation module for demodulation to obtain second demodulated data. It should be noted that due to factors such as signal attenuation and interference, the first data in the receiving end may not be completely consistent with the first data in the transmitting end. Similarly, the second data in the receiving end may not be completely consistent with the second data in the transmitting end. In the embodiment of the present application, the data in the transmitting end and the receiving end corresponding to the first air interface are defined as first data, and the data in the transmitting end and the receiving end corresponding to the second air interface are defined as second data. This is only used to distinguish the data corresponding to different air interfaces, and is not used as a limitation on the data content itself.

[0208] In some embodiments, based on information such as the frame structure in the scheduling information, inverse mapping or deinterleaving can achieve data separation, separating the received data into first data and second data, where the first data corresponds to the first portion of data from the transmitter, and the second data corresponds to the second portion of data from the transmitter. The first data is demodulated by DeM 1 (a first demodulation module) to obtain first demodulated data, and the second data is demodulated by DeM 2 (a second demodulation module) to obtain second demodulated data.

[0209] Then, based on the first demodulated data and the predetermined first label, the first value of the loss function corresponding to the first air interface is determined. The predetermined first label is the bit or symbol actually sent based on the first air interface, such as the real value or correct value of the first part of the data, which can be sent to the receiving end in advance through scheduling information, that is, in some embodiments, the scheduling information is also configured with the first label information corresponding to the first air interface. That is, the information of the data such as the bits or symbols to be sent based on the first air interface is first sent to the receiving end through the scheduling information. It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the scheduling information may also include the first label information, and the first label information may be used to indicate the information or parameters corresponding to the real bits or symbols to be transmitted, and it is not necessary to add the real bits or symbols themselves to the scheduling information.

[0210] Based on the second demodulated data and a predetermined second label, a second value of the loss function corresponding to the second air interface is determined. The predetermined second label, i.e., the bits or symbols actually transmitted based on the second air interface, such as the actual value or correct value of the second portion of data, can be pre-transmitted to the receiving end via scheduling information. In some embodiments, the scheduling information also includes second label information corresponding to the second air interface. Specifically, information about the data, such as the bits or symbols to be transmitted based on the second air interface, is first transmitted to the receiving end via scheduling information.

[0211] The first tag and / or the second tag may be configured using dynamic scheduling.

[0212] The loss function may be at least one of a cross entropy loss function, a mean squared error (MSE) function, and a mean absolute error (MAE) function. For example, the loss function may be the cross entropy between the demodulated output and the actual transmitted bits or symbols.

[0213] The first value and the second value are used to evaluate the performance of the first air interface. In some embodiments, an evaluation result of the smart air interface (first air interface) can be obtained by comparing the first value and the second value.

[0214] In some embodiments, the trainable parameters of an AI model (e.g., a neural network) in the intelligent modulation module (first modulation module) under the first air interface can be adjusted by comparing the first values ​​obtained from different transmissions. That is, the data transmission mechanism provided in the embodiments of the present application can be used to train the intelligent air interface, thereby obtaining an intelligent air interface with better performance.

[0215] In the dual-TB mode architecture, a dual-TB channel coding method is adopted at the transmitting end. In the dual-TB channel coding method, the channel coding object is a dual-TB data stream. From the perspective of hardware implementation, the same channel coding module (Channel coding) can be called at different times to encode the two data separately, or two channel coding modules can be used to encode them separately. In the dual-TB coding method, the channel coding methods used by the first air interface and the second air interface can be the same or different. For example, the first air interface can use an AI-based channel coding method, and the second air interface can use a traditional channel coding method. The first air interface includes a first channel coding module and a first modulation module; the second air interface includes a second channel coding module and a second modulation module; at the receiving end, the first air interface includes a first demodulation module and a first channel decoding module; the second air interface includes a second demodulation module and a second channel decoding module.

[0216] It should be noted that in dual-TB mode, the first and second channel coding modules can be deployed in the same channel coding module in hardware. When the first and second air interfaces use the same coding method, the first and second channel coding modules can be the same channel coding module, but the two data streams need to be encoded separately. In single-TB mode, the same channel coding module encodes one data stream.

[0217] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, the air interface includes a module, which means that the module is encoded or modulated according to the specification defined in the air interface.

[0218] For example, as shown in Figure 12, in the dual-TB mode, the separated information bits are respectively channel-coded, for example, respectively channel-coded by the first channel coding module (channel coding 1) and the second channel coding module (channel coding 2), and the data output by the first channel coding module is input to the first modulation module (AI mod) for intelligent modulation, and the data output by the second channel coding module is input to the second modulation module (Legacy mod) for traditional modulation, and then the predetermined frame structure data is obtained through interleaving and / or mapping.

[0219] At the receiving end, inverse mapping and deinterleaving are performed on the received data according to information such as the frame structure in the scheduling information. Inverse mapping or deinterleaving can achieve data separation, that is, dividing the received data into first data and second data.

[0220] At the transmitting end, the data obtained by encoding by the first channel coding module and modulating by the first modulation module is the first data, and the data obtained by encoding by the second channel coding module and modulating by the second modulation module is the second data. The first data and the second data are interleaved or mapped to obtain data with a predetermined frame structure and then transmitted to the receiving end. At the receiving end, two paths of data are obtained after deinterleaving. The deinterleaving process should achieve separation of different air interface data according to the predetermined frame structure. For example, the data of the first air interface and the second air interface are separated, and the data corresponding to the first air interface is the first data, and the data corresponding to the second air interface is the second data. The first data is input into the first demodulation module (DeM1) for intelligent demodulation, and then input into the first channel decoding module (channel decoding 1) for decoding to obtain the first decoded data after decoding (i.e., decoding). The second data is input into the second demodulation module (DeM2) for traditional demodulation, and then input into the second channel decoding module (channel decoding 2) for decoding to obtain the second decoded data after decoding.

[0221] Based on the first decoding data and the second decoding data, the decoding performance of the smart air interface (first air interface) and the reference air interface (second air interface) are respectively counted. In some embodiments, the block error rate (BLER) can be used as an evaluation indicator of the decoding performance. By comparing the BLER of the smart air interface and the reference air interface, it can be known which air interface has better decoding performance.

[0222] It can be seen that in some embodiments, the operation process in the dual TB mode can be summarized as follows: at the transmitting end, the data to be sent is input into the first channel coding module and the second channel coding module in two concurrent transmission blocks TB respectively; the data output by the first channel coding module is input into the first modulation module for modulation, and the data output by the second channel coding module is input into the second modulation module for modulation.

[0223] At the receiving end, the data received from at least two air interfaces is divided into first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface. The first data is input into a first demodulation module (e.g., DeM 1) for demodulation to obtain first demodulated data; the second data is input into a second demodulation module (e.g., DeM 2) for demodulation to obtain second demodulated data. The first demodulated data is then input into a first channel decoding module (e.g., Channel decoding 1) for decoding to obtain first decoded data; the second demodulated data is input into a second channel decoding module (e.g., Channel decoding 2) for decoding to obtain second decoded data.

[0224] After obtaining the decoded data, for the first air interface, first decoding performance information corresponding to the first air interface is determined based on the first decoded data. For example, the BLER corresponding to the first decoded data is calculated as the first decoding performance information. For the second air interface, second decoding performance information corresponding to the second air interface is determined based on the second decoded data. For example, the BLER corresponding to the second decoded data is calculated as the second decoding performance information. The first decoding performance information and the second decoding performance information are used to evaluate the performance of the first air interface. For example, the performance of the first air interface is evaluated by comparing the first decoding performance information and the second decoding performance information. If the BLER of the first air interface is lower, it indicates that the performance of the first air interface is better.

[0225] In some embodiments, to effectively evaluate the performance of air interfaces such as the smart air interface, the smart air interface and the reference air interface need to be configured with the same transmission parameters when paired for transmission, including the same code rate and modulation order, etc. Exemplarily, the code rate and modulation order can be configured through MCS.

[0226] In the embodiment of the present application, in the dual TB mode, the following two methods are also proposed for performance evaluation:

[0227] In one embodiment, based on the same HARQ process, the data transmission corresponding to the first air interface and the second air interface is controlled. In one data transmission, the first air interface and the second air interface use the same MCS information and RV information, or in other words, the first air interface and the second air interface are configured with the same MCS information and RV information. In some embodiments, based on the same HARQ process, the correctly decoded air interface in the first air interface and the second air interface can be controlled not to be retransmitted, and only the incorrectly decoded air interface is retransmitted. For example, each scheduling can indicate a unified MCS and redundancy version, that is, it is controlled by one HARQ process. If the data corresponding to one air interface is correctly decoded, and the data corresponding to the other air interface needs to be retransmitted, the correctly decoded air interface does not retransmit, nor does it send new data, so as to ensure that the two air interfaces always start from the same transmission configuration, and the real-time decoding performance can be evaluated.

[0228] For example, the traditional air interface and the intelligent air interface are configured with a unified MCS / RV, etc. When the HARQ states are different, simultaneous transmission is disabled.

[0229] Specifically, in some embodiments, the same MCS information and RV information can be configured for the first air interface and the second air interface; then, through the same hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ process, the correctly decoded air interfaces in the first air interface and the second air interface are controlled not to be retransmitted, and only the incorrectly decoded air interfaces are retransmitted.

[0230] For example, as shown in Figure 15, the left side of the dotted straight line in the figure represents the HARQ control mechanism for air interface performance evaluation proposed in an embodiment of the present application. In the n-1th slot, the RV versions corresponding to the reference air interface and the intelligent air interface are both RV0. After FEC decoding at the receiving end, if the intelligent air interface can pass the cyclic redundancy check code (CRC) check, it means that the receiving end correctly decodes and does not retransmit in the nth slot corresponding to the intelligent air interface. Therefore, the data of the intelligent air interface in the nth slot is empty; and since the reference air interface fails to pass the CRC check, it needs to be retransmitted in the nth slot, and the RV version is RV1.

[0231] In comparison, the right side of the dotted line represents the HARQ control mechanism in the related technology. For different air interfaces, if the data decoded by the receiving end of the intelligent air interface in the n-1th slot can pass the CRC check, and the reference air interface fails to pass the CRC check in the n-th slot, then in the nth slot, the intelligent air interface transmits new data, and the corresponding RV version is RV0 of the new data, that is, different from the data content of the n-1th slot; the reference air interface uses RV1 for automatic retransmission in the nth time slot.

[0232] The above-mentioned HARQ control mechanism is a new mode proposed in the embodiment of the present application. In actual application, the standard can stipulate that when transmitting in this way, this mechanism is used for retransmission; or indication information can be used to indicate not to retransmit / send new data.

[0233] Under the same transmission configuration, if one air interface succeeds while another fails / retransmits at the same time, the air interface that succeeds can have better performance.

[0234] Another approach uses two independent HARQ processes to control data transmission corresponding to the first and second air interfaces, respectively. During a data transmission, the first and second air interfaces use the same or different MCS information, and the same or different RV information. In other words, the first and second air interfaces are configured with MCS information and RV information, respectively. The MCS information can be the same or different, and the RV information can be the same or different.

[0235] Two transport blocks are configured with separate redundancy versions, meaning they are controlled by independent HARQ processes. This allows for evaluating long-term throughput and other performance. Specifically, in some embodiments, RV information is configured for the first and second air interfaces, respectively. Data transmission on the first and second air interfaces is controlled independently based on two independent HARQ processes. For example, MCS / RV information is configured separately. RV versions are also configured separately when the HARQ states differ.

[0236] Exemplarily, ACK / NAK (Acknowledge / NotAcknowledge) under the HARQ mechanism may be fed back separately, or ACK / NAK and / or loss may be fed back together.

[0237] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the frame structure of the data can be implemented through an interleaving module and / or a mapping module, that is, by performing interleaving and / or mapping on the modulated data to be transmitted, data with a predetermined frame structure can be obtained.

[0238] In some embodiments, time division and / or frequency division is achieved through interleaving. For example, an example of obtaining a frame structure based on interleaving is shown in FIG13. According to the time domain resource interval and / or frequency domain resource interval information indicated in the scheduling information, the time domain unit and / or frequency domain unit is determined. Based on the time domain unit and the frequency domain unit, the size of each time-frequency resource block can be determined, and the first data to be sent is divided into a plurality of first data units of equal size to the time-frequency resource block; the second data to be sent is divided into a plurality of second data units of equal size, and then interleaving is performed based on the air interface sequence and interval information. Then, when performing resource mapping, the time-frequency resource position information indicated in the scheduling information can be sequentially mapped to the corresponding time-frequency resources to obtain a predetermined frame structure. For example, symbol-level interleaving first interleaves the symbols and then sequentially maps them to REs, which can achieve time division and / or frequency division.

[0239] In some embodiments, interleaving may not be performed, but the mapping positions of symbols may be directly specified during mapping to achieve time division and / or frequency division. An example of obtaining a frame structure based on mapping is shown in FIG14 .

[0240] In other embodiments, time division and / or frequency division may be achieved through a combination of interleaving and mapping. For example, interleaving may be performed to insert corresponding data units of the second data into the first data, and then the data units are mapped onto the time-frequency resources based on information such as time-frequency resource allocation information (i.e., location information) in the scheduling information to obtain data with a predetermined frame structure.

[0241] The above description is primarily from the perspective of a transmitter. Embodiments of the present application also provide a method for air interface data transmission, which can be applied to a receiver and includes at least the steps of: receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces. The at least two air interfaces include a first air interface and a second air interface; the data includes first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface.

[0242] Optionally, in some embodiments, the received data has a predetermined frame structure, and in the predetermined frame structure, the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0243] In some embodiments, in single-TB mode, the first air interface includes a first demodulation module, and the second air interface includes a second demodulation module; wherein the first demodulation module is used to demodulate the modulation of the first modulation module; and the second demodulation module is used to demodulate the modulation of the second modulation module. After receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, the method further performs the following operations:

[0244] The data is divided into first data corresponding to a first air interface and second data corresponding to a second air interface. The first data is input into a first demodulation module for demodulation to obtain first demodulated data; the second data is input into a second demodulation module for demodulation to obtain second demodulated data. Based on the first demodulated data and a predetermined label, a first value of the loss function corresponding to the first air interface is determined; based on the second demodulated data and the predetermined label, a second value of the loss function corresponding to the second air interface is determined. The first value and the second value are used to evaluate the performance of the first air interface.

[0245] In some embodiments, in dual-TB mode, the first air interface includes a first demodulation module and a first channel decoding module, and the second air interface includes a second demodulation module and a second channel decoding module. After receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, the method further includes: dividing the data into first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface, inputting the first data into the first demodulation module for demodulation to obtain first demodulated data; inputting the second data into the second demodulation module for demodulation to obtain second demodulated data; inputting the first demodulated data into the first channel decoding module for decoding to obtain first decoded data; and inputting the second demodulated data into the second channel decoding module for decoding to obtain second decoded data.

[0246] Optionally, after obtaining the decoding data, performance evaluation can be performed in the following manner: based on the first decoding data, determine the first decoding performance information corresponding to the first air interface; based on the second decoding data, determine the second decoding performance information corresponding to the second air interface; the first decoding performance information and the second decoding performance information are used to evaluate the performance of the first air interface.

[0247] Several embodiments are listed below.

[0248] As shown in FIG16( a ), the method provided in the embodiment of the present application includes at least the following steps:

[0249] S00: The BS sends data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the UE.

[0250] Alternatively, as shown in FIG16( b ), the method provided in the embodiment of the present application includes at least the following steps:

[0251] S02: The UE sends data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the BS.

[0252] In conjunction with the scheduling information configuration, as shown in FIG17 , in a specific embodiment, the following process may be included:

[0253] S10: The UE sends an evaluation request to the BS.

[0254] S12: In response to the evaluation request sent by the UE, configure the parameter combination of the scheduling information and send it to the UE through RRC signaling.

[0255] S13: The UE sends a data transmission request to the BS.

[0256] It should be noted that the triggering of data transmission may be that the UE initiates a data transmission request to the BE, or the base station actively and dynamically configures the specific parameter information of this transmission to the UE. S13 is an optional step. In some embodiments, S13 may not be executed.

[0257] S14: The BS dynamically indicates specific parameter information of this transmission through MAC CE or DCI.

[0258] For example, a set of parameters used for this transmission is selected from a parameter set.

[0259] S16: The BS interleaves and / or maps the data obtained based on the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface respectively to obtain data with a predetermined frame structure.

[0260] S18: The BS sends data corresponding to the smart air interface and the reference air interface to the UE.

[0261] S20: The UE calculates the loss function values ​​or BLER corresponding to the smart air interface and the reference air interface respectively to obtain performance data.

[0262] The performance data is data obtained by evaluating the air interface. For example, the performance data may be a loss function value and / or a BLER.

[0263] S22: The UE feeds back performance data to the BS.

[0264] S24: By comparing the performance data of the smart air interface and the benchmark air interface, the performance of the smart air interface is evaluated, and the air interface with better performance is selected as the air interface for next data transmission.

[0265] As shown in FIG18 , in another specific embodiment, the following process may be included:

[0266] S30: The BS sends an evaluation instruction to the UE.

[0267] S32: The BS semi-statically configures the first set of information to the UE.

[0268] S33: The UE sends a data transmission request to the BS.

[0269] S33 is an optional step. In other embodiments, S33 may not be performed.

[0270] S34: The BS dynamically configures the second set of information to the UE.

[0271] S36: The BS interleaves and / or maps the data corresponding to the smart air interface and the reference air interface respectively to obtain predetermined frame structure data.

[0272] S38: The BS sends data corresponding to the smart air interface and the reference air interface.

[0273] S40: The UE calculates the loss function values ​​or BLERs corresponding to the smart air interface and the reference air interface, respectively, to obtain performance data.

[0274] S42: The UE feeds back performance data.

[0275] S44: By comparing the performance data corresponding to the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface, the performance of the intelligent air interface is evaluated, and the air interface with better performance is selected as the air interface for next data transmission.

[0276] As shown in FIG19 , in another specific embodiment, the following process may be included:

[0277] S50: The UE sends an evaluation request to the BS.

[0278] S52: In response to the evaluation request sent by the UE, the BS dynamically indicates all scheduling information of this transmission through the DCI.

[0279] S54: The BS interleaves and / or maps the data corresponding to the smart air interface and the reference air interface respectively to obtain predetermined frame structure data.

[0280] S56: The BS sends data corresponding to the intelligent air interface and the reference air interface.

[0281] S58: The UE obtains performance data.

[0282] S60: The UE feeds back performance data.

[0283] S62: The BS evaluates the performance of the smart air interface and selects an air interface with better performance as the air interface for next data transmission.

[0284] The present application also provides a communication device. Figure 20(a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device according to the present application. Referring to Figure 20(a), the communication device can be used to execute the processes performed by the transmitting end in the embodiments shown in Figures 10, 16(a), 16(b), 17, 18, and 19. For details, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0285] The communication device 200 includes a transceiver module 201. Optionally, the communication device 200 further includes a processing module 202.

[0286] The processing module 202 is used to process data. The transceiver module 201 can implement corresponding communication functions. The transceiver module 201 can also be called a communication interface or a communication module.

[0287] Optionally, the communication device 200 may further include a storage module, which may be used to store instructions and / or data. The processing module 202 may read the instructions and / or data in the storage module so that the communication device implements the aforementioned method embodiment.

[0288] The communication device module 200 can be used to perform the actions performed by the transmitting end or receiving end in the above method embodiments. The communication device 200 can be a user equipment, a base station, or a component that can be configured in a user equipment or a base station. The processing module 202 is used to perform the processing-related operations of the transmitting end or receiving end in the above method embodiments. The transceiver module 201 is used to perform the related operations of the transmitting end or receiving end in the above method embodiments.

[0289] Optionally, the transceiver module 201 may include a sending module and / or a receiving module. The sending module is used to perform the sending operation in the above method embodiment. The receiving module is used to perform the receiving operation in the above method embodiment.

[0290] It should be noted that the communication device 200 may include a sending module but not a receiving module. Alternatively, the communication device 200 may include a receiving module but not a sending module. The specific implementation depends on whether the above solution executed by the communication device 200 includes a sending action and a receiving action.

[0291] For example, when serving as a transmitting end, the communication device 200 is configured to execute the following scheme:

[0292] The transceiver module 201 is configured to send data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to a receiving end, wherein the at least two air interfaces include a first air interface and a second air interface; and the data include first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface.

[0293] In a possible implementation, the data has a predetermined frame structure; in the predetermined frame structure, the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0294] In one possible implementation, the predetermined frame structure includes a time-division frame structure; in the time-division frame structure, the first data and the second data respectively occupy one or more time domain units in the time domain; the time domain unit is at least one of a symbol, a time slot, a subframe, a half frame, and a frame.

[0295] In one possible implementation, the predetermined frame structure includes a frequency division frame structure; in the frequency division frame structure, the first data and the second data occupy one or more frequency domain units in the frequency domain respectively; the frequency domain unit is at least one of a subcarrier, a resource block RB, and a subband.

[0296] In one possible implementation, the predetermined frame structure includes a time-frequency frame structure; in the time-frequency frame structure, the first data and the second data respectively occupy one or more time domain units in the time domain, and respectively occupy one or more frequency domain units in the frequency domain.

[0297] In one possible implementation, before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the transceiver module 201 is also used to: determine scheduling information; wherein the scheduling information includes at least one of time domain interval information, frequency domain interval information, and air interface sequence information; wherein the time domain interval information is used to indicate the intervals at which the first data and the second data respectively occupy time domain resources, and the frequency domain interval information is used to indicate the intervals at which the first data and the second data respectively occupy frequency domain resources; the air interface sequence information is at least used to indicate the order of the first data relative to the second data in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0298] In another possible implementation, the scheduling information also includes at least one of time domain resource allocation information, frequency domain resource allocation information, modulation and coding strategy MCS information, and redundant version RV information; wherein, the time domain resource allocation information is at least used to indicate the time domain resource position; the frequency domain resource allocation information is at least used to indicate the frequency domain resource position.

[0299] In another possible implementation, when determining the scheduling information, the transceiver module 201 is specifically configured to configure at least one of the scheduling information through radio resource control RRC signaling, media access control layer control element MAC CE, or downlink control information DCI.

[0300] In another possible implementation, the first air interface includes a first modulation module; the second air interface includes a second modulation module; wherein the first modulation module is used for modulation based on artificial intelligence AI technology; the second modulation module is used for modulation based on non-AI technology; before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the transceiver module 201 is also used to: input the data to be sent into the channel coding module in the form of a single transmission block TB; the data output by the channel coding module is divided into a first part of data and a second part of data, the first part of data is input into the first modulation module for modulation to obtain first data; the second part of data is input into the second modulation module for modulation to obtain second data.

[0301] In another possible implementation, the first air interface includes a first channel coding module and a first modulation module; the second air interface includes a second channel coding module and a second modulation module; before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the transceiver module 201 is also used to: input the data to be sent into the first channel coding module and the second channel coding module respectively in the form of two concurrent transmission blocks TB; the data output by the first channel coding module is input into the first modulation module for modulation to obtain the first data, and the data output by the second channel coding module is input into the second modulation module for modulation to obtain the second data.

[0302] In another possible implementation, the transceiver module 201 and / or the processing module 202 is also used to: control the data transmission corresponding to the first air interface and the second air interface based on the same hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ process; wherein, in the data transmission, the first air interface and the second air interface use the same MCS information and RV information.

[0303] In another possible implementation, the transceiver module 201 and / or the processing module 202 are also used to: control the data transmission corresponding to the first air interface and the second air interface respectively based on two independent HARQ processes; wherein, in the data transmission, the first air interface and the second air interface use the same or different MCS information, and use the same or different RV information.

[0304] In another possible implementation, before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the transceiver module 201 and / or the processing module 202 is further used to: perform interleaving and / or mapping on the modulated data to be sent to obtain data with a predetermined frame structure.

[0305] When serving as a transmitting end, the communication device 200 is configured to execute the following scheme:

[0306] In one possible implementation, the transceiver module 201 is configured to receive data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, wherein the at least two air interfaces include a first air interface and a second air interface, and the data include first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface.

[0307] In another possible implementation, the data has a predetermined frame structure; in the predetermined frame structure, the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0308] In another possible implementation, the first air interface includes a first demodulation module, and the second air interface includes a second demodulation module; wherein the first demodulation module is used to demodulate the modulation corresponding to the first modulation module; and the second demodulation module is used to demodulate the modulation corresponding to the second modulation module. After receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, the transceiver module 201 and / or the processing module 202 is further used to: input the first data into the first demodulation module for demodulation to obtain first demodulated data; input the second data into the second demodulation module for demodulation to obtain second demodulated data; determine a first value of the loss function corresponding to the first air interface based on the first demodulated data and a predetermined label; determine a second value of the loss function corresponding to the second air interface based on the second demodulated data and a predetermined label; the first value and the second value are used to evaluate the performance of the first air interface.

[0309] In another possible implementation, the first air interface includes a first demodulation module and a first channel decoding module, and the second air interface includes a second demodulation module and a second channel decoding module. After receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, the transceiver module 201 and / or the processing module 202 is further configured to: input the first data into the first demodulation module for demodulation to obtain first demodulated data; input the first data into the second demodulation module for demodulation to obtain second demodulated data; input the first demodulated data into the first channel decoding module for decoding to obtain first decoded data; input the second demodulated data into the second channel decoding module for decoding to obtain second decoded data; determine first decoding performance information corresponding to the first air interface based on the first decoded data; determine second decoding performance information corresponding to the second air interface based on the second decoded data; and use the first decoding performance information and the second decoding performance information to evaluate the performance of the first air interface.

[0310] For other implementations, please refer to the relevant descriptions of the embodiments shown in Figures 10, 16(a), 16(b), 17, 18, and 19, and will not be detailed here. It should be understood that the specific process of each module performing the above-mentioned corresponding process has been described in detail in the above-mentioned method embodiment, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0311] The processing module 202 in the above embodiment can be implemented by at least one processor or processor-related circuits. The transceiver module 201 can be implemented by a transceiver or transceiver-related circuits. The transceiver module 201 can also be referred to as a communication module or communication interface. The storage module can be implemented by at least one memory.

[0312] The embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 2000. The communication device 2000 includes a processor 2010, which is coupled to a memory 2020. The memory 2020 is used to store computer programs or instructions and / or data. The processor 2010 is used to execute the computer programs or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 2020, so that the method in the above method embodiment is executed.

[0313] Optionally, the communication device 2000 includes one or more processors 2010.

[0314] Optionally, as shown in FIG20( b ), the communication device 2000 may further include a memory 2020 .

[0315] Optionally, the communication device 2000 may include one or more memories 2020.

[0316] Optionally, the memory 2020 may be integrated with the processor 2010 or provided separately.

[0317] Optionally, as shown in FIG20( b ), the communication device 2000 may further include a transceiver 2030 , which is configured to receive and / or transmit signals. For example, the processor 2010 is configured to control the transceiver 2030 to receive and / or transmit signals.

[0318] As a solution, the communication device 2000 is used to implement the operations performed by the user equipment in the above method embodiment.

[0319] For example, the processor 2010 is used to implement the processing-related operations performed by the user equipment in the above method embodiment, and the transceiver 2030 is used to implement the sending and receiving-related operations performed by the user equipment in the above method embodiment.

[0320] As another solution, the communication device 2000 is used to implement the operations performed by the network device (such as a base station) in the above method embodiment.

[0321] For example, the processor 2010 is used to implement the processing-related operations performed by the network device (such as a base station) in the above method embodiment, and the transceiver 2030 is used to implement the transceiver-related operations performed by the network device (such as a base station) in the above method embodiment.

[0322] For example, in an embodiment of the present application, an AI module corresponding to an intelligent air interface may be deployed in the communication device 2100. Specifically, as shown in FIG20(c), FIG20(c) shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a possible communication device. It is understood that the communication device 2100 includes necessary means such as modules, units, elements, circuits, or interfaces, which are appropriately configured together to implement the present solution.

[0323] The communication device 2100 may be a radio access network (RAN) node, terminal, core network device, or other network device, or a component (e.g., a chip) within such device, for implementing the method described in the above method embodiment. The communication device 2100 includes one or more processors 2110. The processor 2110 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor. For example, it may be a baseband processor or a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the CPU may be used to control the communication device (e.g., RAN node, terminal, or chip), execute software programs, and process software program data.

[0324] Optionally, in one design, the processor 2110 may include a program 2111 (sometimes also referred to as code or instructions), which may be executed on the processor 2110 to cause the communication device 2100 to perform the methods described in the following embodiments. In yet another possible design, the communication device 2100 includes circuitry (not shown in FIG. 21( c )), which is configured to implement the functions of the above method embodiments.

[0325] Optionally, the communication device 2100 may include one or more memories 2120 on which a program 2121 (sometimes also referred to as code or instructions) is stored. The program 2121 can be run on the processor 2110, so that the communication device 2100 performs the method described in the following method embodiment.

[0326] Optionally, the processor 2110 and / or the memory 2120 may include an AI module 2112, 2122, configured to implement AI-related functions. The AI ​​module may be implemented using software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. For example, the AI ​​module may include a real-time information processing (RIC) module. For example, the AI ​​module may be a near-real-time RIC or a non-real-time RIC.

[0327] Optionally, data may be stored in the processor 2110 and / or the memory 2120. The processor and memory may be provided separately or integrated together.

[0328] Optionally, the communication device 2100 may further include a transceiver 2123 and / or an antenna 2131. The processor 2110 may also be sometimes referred to as a processing unit, and controls the communication device (e.g., a RAN node or terminal). The transceiver 2130 may also be sometimes referred to as a transceiver unit, a transceiver, a transceiver circuit, or a transceiver, and is configured to implement the transceiver function of the communication device through the antenna 2131.

[0329] For example, as shown in FIG21( a), the communication device 2000 may be a RAN node, which may also be sometimes referred to as an access network device, a RAN entity, or an access node, etc., and constitutes a part of a communication system to help user equipment such as a terminal achieve wireless access. For example, a RAN node may be a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a CU-control plane (CP), a CU-user plane (UP), or a radio unit (RU). The CU and DU may be separately configured, or may be included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or radio frequency unit, such as a remote radio unit (RRU), an active antenna unit (AAU), or a remote radio head (RRH).

[0330] In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU or RU may also have different names, but those skilled in the art can understand their meanings. For example, in the ORAN system, CU may also be called O-CU (Open CU), DU may also be called O-DU, CU-CP may also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP may also be called O-CU-UP, and RU may also be called O-RU. For the convenience of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU and RU as examples for description. Any unit of CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU and RU in this application can be implemented by a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.

[0331] Access network equipment includes one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and one or more radio units (RUs). For clarity, Figure 21(a) shows only one CU, DU, and RU. The CU is used to connect to the core network and one or more DUs. Optionally, the CU can have some of the core network's functions. The CU can include a CU-CP and a CU-UP.

[0332] For example, another feasible structural architecture example of the access network device is shown in Figure 21(b), in which the access network device may include an active antenna unit (AAU) and an indoor baseband processing unit (BBU). Optionally, in some embodiments, the processor and memory may be integrated into the BBU unit, or integrated into the AAU unit. In other embodiments, the processor and memory may be deployed in other units or components other than the BBU or AAU, and be communicatively connected to the AAU unit and / or BBU unit. Alternatively, the processor and memory may be set in the base station as independent functional units.

[0333] The present application also provides a communication device 2200, which can be a network device or a chip. The communication device 1200 can be used to perform the operations performed by the network device (e.g., base station BS) in any of the embodiments shown in Figures 10, 16(a), 16(b), 17, 18, and 19.

[0334] When the communication device 2200 is a network device, such as a base station, FIG22 shows a simplified schematic diagram of a base station structure. The base station includes a portion 2210, a portion 2220, and a portion 2230.

[0335] Part 2210 is mainly used for baseband processing, base station control, etc.; Part 2210 is usually the control center of the base station, which can usually be called a processor, used to control the base station to perform the processing operations on the network device side in the above method embodiment.

[0336] The 2220 section is mainly used to store computer program codes and data. The 2230 section is mainly used to transmit and receive radio frequency signals and convert radio frequency signals into baseband signals.

[0337] Section 2230 can generally be referred to as a transceiver module, transceiver, transceiver circuit, or transceiver. The transceiver module in section 2230, which can also be referred to as a transceiver or transceiver, includes an antenna 2233 and a radio frequency circuit (not shown), which primarily performs radio frequency processing. Alternatively, the device used for receiving in section 2230 can be considered a receiver, and the device used for transmitting can be considered a transmitter. That is, section 2230 includes receiver 2232 and transmitter 2231. A receiver can also be referred to as a receiving module, receiver, or receiving circuit, and a transmitter can be referred to as a transmitting module, transmitter, or transmitting circuit.

[0338] Sections 2210 and 2220 may include one or more boards, each of which may include one or more processors and one or more memories. The processor is used to read and execute programs in the memory to implement baseband processing functions and control the base station. If multiple boards are present, the boards may be interconnected to enhance processing capabilities. As an optional implementation, multiple boards may share one or more processors, multiple boards may share one or more memories, or multiple boards may simultaneously share one or more processors.

[0339] For example, the transceiver module in section 2230 is used to execute the transceiver-related process executed by the network device in any of the embodiments shown in Figures 10, 16(a), 16(b), 17, 18, and 19. The processor in section 2210 is used to execute the processing-related process executed by the network device in any of the embodiments shown in Figures 10, 16(a), 16(b), 17, 18, and 19.

[0340] It should be understood that FIG22 is merely an example and not a limitation, and the network device including the processor, memory, and transceiver may not rely on the structure shown in FIG22 or FIG21.

[0341] When the communication device 2200 is a chip, the chip includes a transceiver, a memory, and a processor. The transceiver can be an input / output circuit or a communication interface; the processor can be a processor, microprocessor, or integrated circuit integrated on the chip. The network device's sending operation in the above method embodiment can be understood as the chip's output, and the network device's receiving operation in the above method embodiment can be understood as the chip's input.

[0342] The present application further provides a communication device 2300, which may be a user equipment, a processor of the user equipment, or a chip. The communication device 2300 may be used to execute the operations executed by the user equipment in the above method embodiment.

[0343] When the communication device 2300 is a user equipment, a simplified schematic diagram of the structure of the user equipment is shown in FIG23. As shown in FIG23, the user equipment includes a processor 2310, a memory 2320, and a transceiver 2330.

[0344] The memory can store computer program codes. The transceiver includes a transmitter 2331 , a receiver 2332 , a radio frequency circuit (not shown in the figure), an antenna 2333 , and an input and output device (not shown in the figure).

[0345] The processor is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, as well as control user equipment, execute software programs, process software program data, etc.

[0346] Memory is primarily used to store software programs and data. RF circuits are primarily responsible for converting baseband signals into RF signals and processing them. Antennas are primarily used to transmit and receive RF signals in the form of electromagnetic waves.

[0347] Input / output devices. For example, a touch screen, display screen, keyboard, etc. are mainly used to receive data input by the user and output data to the user. It should be noted that some types of user equipment may not have input / output devices.

[0348] When data needs to be sent, the processor performs baseband processing on the data to be sent and outputs the baseband signal to the RF circuit. The RF circuit performs RF processing on the baseband signal and then transmits the RF signal to the outside in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the user equipment, the RF circuit receives the RF signal through the antenna, converts the RF signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor. The processor converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data. For ease of explanation, Figure 23 shows only one memory, processor, and transceiver. In an actual user equipment product, there may be one or more processors and one or more memories. The memory may also be referred to as a storage medium or a storage device. The memory may be set independently of the processor or integrated with the processor. This is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0349] In the embodiment of the present application, the antenna and the radio frequency circuit with transceiver functions may be regarded as the transceiver module of the user equipment, and the processor with processing function may be regarded as the processing module of the user equipment.

[0350] An embodiment of the present application further provides a communication system, which includes the user equipment in the above embodiment and the base station (access network device) in the above embodiment.

[0351] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, wherein when the program is executed by a processor, the method described in any of the above embodiments is implemented.

[0352] An embodiment of the present application also provides a chip system, including: a communication interface for inputting and / or outputting data; and a processor for executing a computer executable program so that a device equipped with the chip system executes a method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0353] The above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium can adopt any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer-readable medium can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, device or component, or any combination thereof. More specific examples (non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable storage media include: an electrical connection with one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) or flash memory, an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In this document, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in combination with an instruction execution system, device or device.

[0354] A computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, which carries computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium that can transmit, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0355] Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0356] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0357] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0358] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, segment or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing the steps of a custom logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present application includes alternative implementations in which functions may be performed out of the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the embodiments of the present application belong.

Claims

1. A method for air interface data transmission, characterized in that: The method is applied to a transmitting end, and the method comprises: Sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to a receiving end; The at least two air interfaces include a first air interface and a second air interface; and the data include first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The data has a predetermined frame structure; in the predetermined frame structure, the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The predetermined frame structure includes a time division frame structure; in the time division frame structure, the first data and the second data respectively occupy one or more time domain units in the time domain; the time domain unit is at least one of a symbol, a time slot, a subframe, a half frame, and a frame.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that The predetermined frame structure includes a frequency division frame structure; in the frequency division frame structure, the first data and the second data respectively occupy one or more frequency domain units in the frequency domain; the frequency domain unit is at least one of a subcarrier, a resource block RB, and a subband.

5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The predetermined frame structure includes a time-frequency frame structure; in the time-frequency frame structure, the first data and the second data respectively occupy one or more time domain units in the time domain, and respectively occupy one or more frequency domain units in the frequency domain.

6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that Before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the method further includes: Determine scheduling information; The scheduling information includes at least one of time domain interval information, frequency domain interval information, and air interface sequence information; Among them, the time domain interval information is used to indicate the intervals at which the first data and the second data respectively occupy time domain resources, and the frequency domain interval information is used to indicate the intervals at which the first data and the second data respectively occupy frequency domain resources; the air interface sequence information is at least used to indicate the sequence of the first data relative to the second data in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The scheduling information also includes at least one of time domain resource allocation information, frequency domain resource allocation information, modulation and coding strategy MCS information, and redundant version RV information; The time domain resource allocation information is at least used to indicate the time domain resource position; the frequency domain resource allocation information is at least used to indicate the frequency domain resource position.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that Determine scheduling information, including: At least one of the scheduling information is configured through radio resource control RRC signaling, medium access control layer control element MAC CE, or downlink control information DCI.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The first air interface includes a first modulation module; the second air interface includes a second modulation module; wherein the first modulation module is used for modulation based on artificial intelligence AI technology; the second modulation module is used for modulation based on non-AI technology; Before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the method further includes: Input the data to be sent into the channel coding module in the form of a single transmission block TB; The data output by the channel coding module is divided into a first part of data and a second part of data. The first part of data is input into a first modulation module for modulation to obtain the first data; the second part of data is input into a second modulation module for modulation to obtain the second data.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that The first air interface includes a first channel coding module and a first modulation module; the second air interface includes a second channel coding module and a second modulation module; Before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the method further includes: Inputting the data to be sent into the first channel coding module and the second channel coding module respectively in the form of two concurrent transmission blocks TB; The data output by the first channel coding module is input to the first modulation module for modulation to obtain the first data. The data output by the channel encoding module is input to the second modulation module for modulation to obtain the second data.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The method further comprises: Based on the same hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ process, control the data transmission corresponding to the first air interface and the second air interface; wherein, in the data transmission, the first air interface and the second air interface use the same MCS information and RV information.

12. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The method further comprises: Based on two independent HARQ processes, the data transmission corresponding to the first air interface and the second air interface is controlled respectively; wherein, in the data transmission, the first air interface and the second air interface use the same or different MCS information, and use the same or different RV information.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that Before sending data corresponding to at least two air interfaces to the receiving end, the method further includes: Interleaving and / or mapping are performed on the modulated data to be sent to obtain data with the predetermined frame structure.

14. An air interface data transmission method, characterized in that: The method is applied to a receiving end, and the method comprises: Receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces; The at least two air interfaces include a first air interface and a second air interface; and the data include first data corresponding to the first air interface and second data corresponding to the second air interface.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The data has a predetermined frame structure; in the predetermined frame structure, the first data and the second data are multiplexed in the time domain and / or frequency domain.

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that The first air interface includes a first demodulation module, and the second air interface includes a second demodulation module; wherein the first demodulation module is used to demodulate the modulation corresponding to the first modulation module; and the second demodulation module is used to demodulate the modulation corresponding to the second modulation module; After receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, the method further includes: The first data is input into the first demodulation module for demodulation to obtain first demodulated data; the second data is input into the second demodulation module for demodulation to obtain second demodulated data; Determine a first value of a loss function corresponding to the first air interface based on the first demodulated data and a predetermined label; Determine a second value of the loss function corresponding to the second air interface based on the second demodulated data and a predetermined label; The first value and the second value are used to evaluate the performance of the first air interface.

17. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that The first air interface includes a first demodulation module and a first channel decoding module, and the second air interface includes a second demodulation module and a second channel decoding module; After receiving data corresponding to at least two air interfaces, the method further includes: The first data is input into the first demodulation module for demodulation to obtain first demodulated data; the second data is input into the second demodulation module for demodulation to obtain second demodulated data; The first demodulated data is input into the first channel decoding module for decoding to obtain first decoded data; the second demodulated data is input into the second channel decoding module for decoding to obtain second decoded data; Determining first decoding performance information corresponding to the first air interface based on the first decoding data; Determining second decoding performance information corresponding to the second air interface based on the second decoding data; The first decoding performance information and the second decoding performance information are used to evaluate the performance of the first air interface.

18. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device comprises: A processor, wherein the processor is configured to execute a computer program or instruction in a memory to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-13 or 14-17.

19. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium comprises a stored program, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-13 or 14-17.

20. A communication system, characterized in that: The communication system comprises a first device and a second device; The first device is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and the second device is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 14 to 17; or, The first device is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, and the second device is used to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 13.

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