Deep scarification, fertilization and straw returning machine tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural equipment, and particularly discloses a deep scarification, fertilization and straw returning machine tool. The fertilizer storage mechanism is fixedly arranged above the frame; the fertilizer taking mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of the fertilizer storage mechanism and is used for periodically taking out the fertilizer from the fertilizer storage mechanism; the two hollow beam boxes are fixed to the two sides of the frame respectively. The deep scarification mechanism is arranged between the two hollow beam boxes and located on the rear side of the frame. The soil pressing wheel is arranged between the two hollow beam boxes on the rear side of the deep scarification mechanism, and the soil pressing wheel comprises a wheel body capable of rotating and a driving rotating shaft capable of rotating in the hollow beam boxes under the soil loosening condition; the rotary tillage mechanism is arranged on the inner side of the frame, and the bottom end of the rotary tillage mechanism is located above the deep scarification mechanism; one end of the fertilizer release mechanism is connected to the fertilizer taking mechanism as an input end. Integrated equipment for deep scarification, straw turning, mixing and returning, stable quantitative fertilization and pressing shaping is achieved, and linkage compensation of the fertilization amount is achieved along with the soil loosening condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery and equipment technology, specifically to a deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machine. Background Technology

[0002] Straw return to the field and deep tillage fertilization are important agronomic measures to improve the structure of the tillage layer, enhance soil aeration and water retention capacity, and promote stable crop yields. However, existing deep tillage, rotary tillage, fertilization, and compaction operations are often completed by different machines or simple combinations of machines, which easily leads to problems such as discontinuous operation chains, interference between machine structures, uneven straw mixing, loose soil after deep tillage that is difficult to compact in time, and mismatch between fertilization points and soil covering paths. At the same time, existing fertilization structures rely heavily on gravity discharge or open-feed control, which are significantly affected by fluctuations in vehicle speed, field vibration, differences in fertilizer particles, moisture clumping, and bridging blockages. This results in unstable fertilizer application, uneven lateral distribution, localized fertilizer concentration or fertilization interruption, further causing a decrease in fertilizer utilization and inconsistent seedling growth. In fields with a large amount of straw or significant variations in soil looseness, the amount of fertilizer applied often cannot be matched in a timely manner with soil conditions and straw decomposition requirements, usually requiring frequent manual adjustments by stopping the machine, which is inefficient and inconsistent. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated equipment that can perform deep tillage, straw plowing and returning to the field, stable quantitative fertilization and compaction shaping on the same machine, and the amount of fertilizer can be easily adjusted. Ideally, it can also achieve linkage compensation according to the soil looseness to improve the stability of operation and fertilizer utilization efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machine, the main purpose of which is to achieve an integrated equipment for deep tillage, straw plowing and returning to the field, stable quantitative fertilization, and compaction and shaping, and the amount of fertilizer applied is adjusted according to the soil looseness.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery, comprising: a frame; The fertilizer storage mechanism is fixedly installed above the frame; A fertilizer extraction mechanism is located at the bottom of the fertilizer storage mechanism and is used to periodically extract fertilizer from the fertilizer storage mechanism. Two hollow beam boxes are fixed to both sides of the frame, respectively; The deep-loosening mechanism is disposed between the two hollow beam boxes and located on the rear side of the frame; A soil-tamping wheel is disposed between the two hollow beam boxes on the rear side of the deep loosening mechanism. The soil-tamping wheel includes a wheel body capable of rotating on its own and a drive shaft capable of rotating in the hollow beam box depending on the soil loosening condition. A rotary tillage mechanism is located inside the frame, with its bottom end positioned above the deep tillage mechanism. The fertilizer release mechanism has one end connected to the fertilizer collection mechanism as an input end, and the other end extends into the inner cavity of the frame as an output end, and is located on the rear side of the rotary tillage mechanism. A power input shaft is located at the end of the fertilizer extraction mechanism and is used to transmit the power for the periodic release of fertilizer.

[0005] In one feasible embodiment, the fertilizer dispensing mechanism includes: an outer cylinder fixedly connected above the input end of the fertilizer release mechanism; an inner rotating cylinder rotatably disposed within the inner cavity of the outer cylinder; adjustable intermediate transfer troughs equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the inner rotating cylinder for receiving a quantitative amount of fertilizer and rotatably conveying it to the fertilizer release mechanism; a central power shaft movable along the axial direction of the inner rotating cylinder and disposed at the center of the inner rotating cylinder, with polygonal shaft ends at both ends of the central power shaft, both ends of the inner rotating cylinder being sleeved on the polygonal shaft ends, one of the polygonal shaft ends being movably sleeved / inserted to the end of the power input shaft; two linear guide rails fixedly disposed outside the end of the outer cylinder along the length direction of the inner rotating cylinder and located away from the power input shaft; and a sliding seat slidably sleeved on the outside of the two linear guide rails for pushing the central power shaft to move along its axial direction to adjust the amount of fertilizer dispensed by the fertilizer dispensing mechanism each time it passes the fertilizer storage mechanism.

[0006] In one feasible implementation, the deep loosening mechanism includes: a shovel fixing beam fixedly disposed horizontally between two hollow beam boxes; two end fasteners respectively fixedly fastened to the two ends of the shovel fixing beam and fastened and locked to the outer wall of the hollow beam box; a plurality of deep loosening shovels are sequentially and equidistantly fixedly disposed on at least one side of the outer wall of the shovel fixing beam along the length direction of the shovel fixing beam; and shovel fixing fasteners are fastened to the outside of the deep loosening shovels and locked to the shovel fixing beam.

[0007] In one feasible embodiment, the soil-collecting wheel is further provided with: two wheel connecting rods respectively disposed on both sides of the wheel body, the wheel body being rotatable between the two wheel connecting rods, and a drive shaft disposed at the other end of the two wheel connecting rods, the drive shaft being rotatable within the hollow beam box; a gear disposed on the outer wall of the drive shaft and located within the inner cavity of the hollow beam box; a rack movable along the length direction of the hollow beam box and disposed within the inner cavity of the hollow beam box, the rack meshing with the gear; and a fixed moving block. On the rack; a lifting column is movably mounted above the hollow beam box, with its bottom end extending into the inner cavity of the hollow beam box; one end of a first driving diagonal rod is rotatably connected to the moving block, and the other end is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the lifting column; a lifting protective frame is mounted on the top of the hollow beam box, and the lifting column is movably engaged in the inner cavity of the lifting protective frame; one end of a second driving diagonal rod is rotatably connected to the top of the side wall of the lifting protective frame, and the other end is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the sliding seat.

[0008] In one feasible implementation, the fertilizer release mechanism includes: a plurality of fertilizer drain holes that are equidistantly spaced along the length of the outer cylinder at the bottom end of the outer cylinder; a fertilizer release rod with one end connected to the inner wall of the frame and the other end extending obliquely toward the rotary tillage mechanism; a fertilizer release pipe with one end connected to the fertilizer drain holes and the other end connected to the fertilizer release rod; and a fertilizer release bottom hole along the lower half of the fertilizer release rod and penetrating the end of the fertilizer release rod facing the rotary tillage mechanism.

[0009] In one feasible embodiment, the rotary tillage mechanism includes: a rotary tillage shaft rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the frame; a plurality of central positioning plates are fixedly sleeved at equal intervals along the length direction of the rotary tillage shaft, the central positioning plates being radially disposed relative to the rotary tillage shaft; each rotary tillage blade is provided with a fixed end, every two rotary tillage blades form a group, and the two groups of rotary tillage blades are respectively fixedly disposed on both sides of the central positioning plate.

[0010] In one feasible embodiment, the adjustable transfer trough includes: a drive cylinder fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the central power shaft, and each drive cylinder corresponding one-to-one with a leakage hole in the fertilizer storage mechanism; a drive groove spirally / inclinedly formed on the outer surface of the drive cylinder; a transfer storage trough disposed in the outer wall of the inner rotating cylinder below the leakage hole, with through holes at both ends of the transfer storage trough; multiple reinforcing ribs fixedly disposed between the side wall of the transfer storage trough and the inner wall of the inner rotating cylinder; two driven adjustment blocks that can be engaged in the through holes to form transfer storage spaces of different volumes; a drive column fixedly disposed at the bottom end of the driven adjustment block, the drive column passing through a strip hole at the bottom end of the transfer storage trough, and the bottom end of the drive column extending into the drive groove.

[0011] In one feasible implementation, a sponge layer and a smooth plastic layer attached to the outside of the sponge layer are provided on the outer wall of the driven adjustment block near the fertilizer storage mechanism. The smooth plastic layer is in sliding contact with the upper inner wall of the through hole.

[0012] This application provides a deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machine. It integrates a fertilizer storage mechanism, a fertilizer extraction mechanism, a fertilizer release mechanism, a deep tillage mechanism, a rotary tillage mechanism, and a soil-pressing wheel on a frame. A power input shaft provides periodic fertilizer extraction power to the fertilizer extraction mechanism, transforming fertilization from traditional continuous gravity-feeding to a rhythmic, measurable, and adjustable periodic quantitative extraction and directional release. The fertilizer release mechanism uses multiple fertilizer discharge holes, fertilizer release pipes, and fertilizer release rods to evenly distribute fertilizer at multiple points along the axis and stably guide it within the frame cavity. Finally, the fertilizer is directionally discharged from the bottom fertilizer release hole behind the rotary tillage mechanism into the surface soil after rotary tillage, thus matching the fertilizer drop point with the soil flow coverage area after rotary tillage, improving mixing and burial depth consistency, and reducing fertilizer exposure and loss. The deep tillage mechanism uses a shovel fixing beam, end fixing parts, and shovel fixing fasteners to ensure equidistant spacing of multiple deep tillage shovels. The installation is stable, ensuring consistent deep tillage depth and providing a channel for straw mixing and fertilizer application. The rotary tillage mechanism uses a central positioning plate to standardize and evenly arrange the rotary tillage blades, improving the uniformity of straw crushing and mixing and reducing vibration load. The soil compaction wheel behind the deep tillage mechanism promptly compacts and shapes the loose soil, improving the problems of loosening and moisture loss. Furthermore, the soil compaction wheel is equipped with gears, racks, moving blocks, a first drive inclined rod, a lifting column, a second drive inclined rod, and a lifting protective frame within the hollow beam box, forming a mechanical feedback chain. This chain converts the wheel's response caused by soil loosening into a linkage adjustment of the sliding seat, thereby driving the axial displacement of the central power shaft and simultaneously adjusting the amount of fertilizer taken by the fertilizer extraction mechanism each time it passes the fertilizer storage mechanism. This allows the fertilizer application rate to automatically compensate for changes in soil condition, reducing frequent manual adjustments and improving operational consistency and fertilizer utilization efficiency under different plot conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This shows a schematic diagram of the structure of the deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery provided in the embodiments of this application from a first angle; Figure 2 The diagram shows a bottom view of the deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery provided in this embodiment of the application. Figure 3 The diagram shows a top view of the deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery provided in this embodiment of the application. Figure 4 It shows Figure 2 Enlarged view of the local structure at point A in the image; Figure 5 It shows Figure 3 Enlarged view of the local structure at point B in the image; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the soil-collecting wheel provided in an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the fertilizer extraction mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the central power shaft provided in an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the adjustable transfer trough provided in an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0014] In the diagram: 10. Frame; 20. Fertilizer storage mechanism; 30. Fertilizer dispensing mechanism; 40. Hollow beam box; 50. Deep tillage mechanism; 60. Soil roller; 70. Fertilizer release mechanism; 80. Rotary tillage mechanism; 90. Power input shaft; 21. Material leakage hole; 31. Outer cylinder; 32. Inner rotating cylinder; 33. Adjustable transfer trough; 34. Central power shaft; 35. Polygonal shaft end; 36. Sliding seat; 37. Linear guide rail; 51. Shovel fixing beam; 52. End fixing piece; 53. Deep tillage shovel; 54. Shovel fixing fastener; 61. 62. Wheel connecting rod, 63. Rotating shaft, 64. Gear, 65. Rack, 66. Moving block, 67. First drive inclined rod, 68. Lifting column, 69. Second drive inclined rod, 70. Lifting protective frame, 71. Fertilizer release rod, 72. Fertilizer release bottom hole, 73. Fertilizer leakage hole, 81. Rotary tillage shaft, 82. Center positioning plate, 83. Fixed end, 84. Rotary tillage blade, 331. Drive cylinder, 332. Drive groove, 333. Transfer storage trough, 334. Reinforcing fixing rib, 335. Driven adjusting block, 336. Drive column. Detailed Implementation

[0015] To better understand the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this specification, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments of this specification and the specific features in the embodiments are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification, rather than limitations on the technical solutions of this specification. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this specification and the technical features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0016] In this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. The term "two or more" includes two or more cases.

[0017] Please see Figures 1 to 9 As shown in the figure, this application embodiment provides a deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machine, characterized in that it includes: a frame 10, a fertilizer storage mechanism 20, a fertilizer extraction mechanism 30, two hollow beam boxes 40, a deep tillage mechanism 50, a soil-pressing wheel 60, a fertilizer release mechanism 70, a rotary tillage mechanism 80, and a power input shaft 90. The fertilizer storage mechanism 20 is fixedly installed above the frame 10; the fertilizer extraction mechanism 30 is installed at the bottom of the fertilizer storage mechanism 20 and is used to periodically extract fertilizer from the fertilizer storage mechanism 20; the two hollow beam boxes 40 are respectively fixed on both sides of the frame 10; the deep tillage mechanism 50 is installed between the two hollow beam boxes 40 and located at the top of the frame 10. The rear side; the soil-pressing wheel 60 is located between the two hollow beam boxes 40 on the rear side of the deep tillage mechanism 50. The soil-pressing wheel 60 includes a wheel body that can rotate on its own and a drive shaft 62 that can rotate in the hollow beam box 40 depending on the soil looseness; the rotary tillage mechanism 80 is located on the inner side of the frame 10, and the bottom end of the rotary tillage mechanism 80 is located above the deep tillage mechanism 50; one end of the fertilizer release mechanism 70 is connected to the fertilizer collection mechanism 30 as an input end, and the other end extends into the inner cavity of the frame 10 as an output end and is located on the rear side of the rotary tillage mechanism 80; the power input shaft 90 is located at the end of the fertilizer collection mechanism 30 and is used to transmit the power for the periodic release of fertilizer.

[0018] The deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery provided in this application integrates deep tillage, fertilization, mixing and returning to the field, and compaction into a single frame 10 in a fixed operational sequence: the fertilizer storage mechanism 20 is fixedly installed above the frame 10 to ensure a stable fertilizer supply for the entire machine; the fertilizer extraction mechanism 30 is located at the bottom of the fertilizer storage mechanism 20 and is used to periodically extract fertilizer from the fertilizer storage mechanism 20, changing the fertilization process from free fall to rhythmic extraction, which facilitates stable control; two hollow beam boxes 40 are respectively fixed on both sides of the frame 10, on the one hand... As a strength support beam, it also provides installation and housing space for the subsequent transmission / linkage of the soil-tamping wheel 60; the deep loosening mechanism 50 is set between the two hollow beam boxes 40 and located on the rear side of the frame 10. It first breaks up and loosens the soil in the deep loosening direction, creating a channel for straw mixing and fertilizer to enter the soil, while breaking up the surface dry and easily clumped soil layer to reduce the resistance of the deep loosening step; the soil-tamping wheel 60 is set between the two hollow beam boxes 40 on the rear side of the deep loosening mechanism 50. The soil-tamping wheel 60 consists of a self-rotating wheel body and a... The drive shaft 62, which rotates within the hollow beam box 40 based on soil looseness, allows the loosened soil layer after deep tillage to be compacted promptly, converting the soil loosening changes into a usable mechanical response. The rotary tillage mechanism 80 is located inside the frame 10, with its bottom end positioned above the deep tillage mechanism 50, enabling the rotary tillage blades 84 to mix and break up the straw and soil above the deep tillage layer. One end of the fertilizer release mechanism 70 serves as an input connected to the fertilizer extraction mechanism 30, while the other end extends as an output. The fertilizer is placed inside the frame 10 and located behind the rotary tillage mechanism 80, so that the fertilizer landing point matches the soil flow coverage area after rotary tillage, reducing surface residue and improving mixing and burial depth stability; the power input shaft 90 is set at the end of the fertilizer picking mechanism 30 to transmit the power for the periodic release of fertilizer. It can be optionally connected to the output end of the tractor's power unit, thereby locking the power of the whole machine and the rhythm of fertilizer picking, conveying and releasing in the same drive chain, ensuring that the fertilizer application will not drift significantly with vibration and speed changes during continuous operation.

[0019] like Figures 7 to 9As shown, in some examples, the fertilizer dispensing mechanism 30 further includes: an outer cylinder 31, an inner rotating cylinder 32, an adjustable transfer trough 33, a central power shaft 34, a polygonal shaft end 35, a sliding seat 36, and two linear guide rails 37. The outer cylinder 31 is fixedly connected above the input end of the fertilizer release mechanism 70; the inner rotating cylinder 32 is rotatably disposed within the inner cavity of the outer cylinder 31; the adjustable transfer trough 33 is equidistantly disposed along the axial direction of the inner rotating cylinder 32, and is used to receive a quantitative amount of fertilizer and rotate it to convey it to the fertilizer release mechanism 70; the central power shaft 34 is movable along the axial direction of the inner rotating cylinder 32 and is disposed within the inner rotating cylinder 32. At the center position, the two ends of the central power shaft 34 are respectively provided with polygonal shaft ends 35. Both ends of the inner rotating cylinder 32 are sleeved on the polygonal shaft ends 35. One of the polygonal shaft ends 35 can be movably sleeved / inserted to the end of the power input shaft 90. Two linear guide rails 37 are fixedly arranged on the outside of the end of the outer cylinder 31 along the length direction of the inner rotating cylinder 32 and located on the side away from the power input shaft 90. The sliding seat 36 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the two linear guide rails 37 and is used to push the central power shaft 34 to move along its axial direction to adjust the amount of fertilizer taken by the fertilizer taking mechanism 30 each time it passes through the fertilizer storage mechanism 20.

[0020] To further implement periodic fertilizer dispensing within an adjustable metering structure, the fertilizer dispensing mechanism 30 employs a combination of an outer cylinder 31, an inner rotating cylinder 32, an adjustable transfer trough 33, a central power shaft 34, polygonal shaft ends 35, a sliding seat 36, and two linear guides 37. The outer cylinder 31 is fixedly connected above the input end of the fertilizer release mechanism 70, forming a stable interface with the fertilizer release mechanism 70 and providing internal cavity support. The inner rotating cylinder 32 is rotatably disposed within the inner cavity of the outer cylinder 31, ensuring that the adjustable transfer trough 33 can complete the cycle of "receiving, carrying away, and delivering" as it rotates. The adjustable transfer trough 33 is equidistantly arranged along the axial direction of the inner rotating cylinder 32, used to receive a fixed quantity of fertilizer and rotate it to transport it to the fertilizer release mechanism 70, structurally ensuring that each dispensing corresponds to a fixed spatial metering unit. The central power shaft 34 can... The mechanism is positioned at the center of the inner rotating cylinder 32, moving along its axial direction, making axial displacement a direct means of adjusting the amount of fertilizer. The polygonal shaft ends 35 at both ends of the central power shaft 34 are fitted with the sleeves at both ends of the inner rotating cylinder 32 to reliably transmit torque and prevent slippage. One of the polygonal shaft ends 35 can be movably fitted / inserted to the end of the power input shaft 90 to facilitate the axial displacement of the central power shaft 34. Two linear guides 37 provide stable linear guidance for the sliding seat 36. The sliding seat 36 can be slidably fitted on the outside of the two linear guides 37 and is used to push the central power shaft 34 to move along its axial direction. Thus, the amount of fertilizer taken by the fertilizer taking mechanism 30 each time it passes through the fertilizer storage mechanism 20 can be adjusted without replacing parts, allowing the fertilization needs of different plots and different amounts of straw to be quickly matched.

[0021] like Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, in some examples, the deep loosening mechanism 50 further includes: a shovel fixing beam 51, two end fixing members 52, multiple deep loosening shovels 53, and shovel fixing fasteners 54. The shovel fixing beam 51 is horizontally fixed between two hollow beam boxes 40. The two end fixing members 52 are respectively fixedly fastened to the two ends of the shovel fixing beam 51 and fastened and locked to the outer wall of the hollow beam box 40. The multiple deep loosening shovels 53 are sequentially and equidistantly fixed to the outer wall of at least one side of the shovel fixing beam 51 along the length direction of the shovel fixing beam 51. The shovel fixing fasteners 54 are fastened to the outside of the deep loosening shovels 53 and locked to the shovel fixing beam 51.

[0022] To ensure the deep tillage mechanism 50 maintains structural strength and shovel stability under high-resistance conditions, the deep tillage mechanism 50 is configured as a beam-type installation system consisting of a shovel fixing beam 51, two end fixing members 52, multiple deep tillage shovels 53, and shovel fixing fasteners 54. The shovel fixing beam 51 is horizontally fixed between two hollow beam boxes 40, allowing the deep tillage resistance to be distributed and transferred to the two hollow beam boxes 40 in the left-right direction, reducing localized stress concentration in the frame 10. The two end fixing members 52 are respectively fixed and fastened to the two ends of the shovel fixing beam 51 and locked to the hollow beam boxes 40. On the outer wall, the shovel fixing beam 51 and the hollow beam box 40 form a reliable fastening connection, which is both impact resistant and easy to disassemble and maintain; multiple deep loosening shovels 53 are fixedly and equidistantly arranged along the length of the shovel fixing beam 51 on at least one side of the outer wall of the shovel fixing beam 51, and the equidistant arrangement ensures uniform deep loosening effect and more balanced resistance distribution; the shovel fixing fastener 54 is fastened to the outside of the deep loosening shovel 53 and locked to the shovel fixing beam 51 to prevent the deep loosening shovel 53 from loosening or shifting in angle under the impact of hard soil and stones, and to ensure the long-term stability of the deep loosening depth and the matching relationship between the subsequent rotary tillage mechanism 80 and the soil-pressing wheel 60.

[0023] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 6As shown, in some examples, the earth-moving wheel 60 is further equipped with: two wheel connecting rods 61, a drive shaft 62, a gear 63, a rack 64, a moving block 65, a first drive inclined rod 66, a lifting column 67, a second drive inclined rod 68, and a lifting protective frame 69. The two wheel connecting rods 61 are respectively located on both sides of the wheel body, and the wheel body can rotate between the two wheel connecting rods 61. The drive shaft 62 is located at the other end of the two wheel connecting rods 61, and the drive shaft 62 can rotate in the hollow beam box 40. The gear 63 is located on the outer wall of the drive shaft 62 and is located in the inner cavity of the hollow beam box 40. The rack 64 is movable along the length direction of the hollow beam box 40. Inside the hollow beam box 40, rack 64 meshes with gear 63; movable block 65 is fixedly mounted on rack 64; lifting column 67 is movable and height-adjustable above hollow beam box 40, with its bottom end extending into the inner cavity of hollow beam box 40; one end of first drive rod 66 is rotatably connected to movable block 65, and the other end is rotatably connected to the bottom end of lifting column 67; lifting protective frame 69 is mounted on the top of hollow beam box 40, and lifting column 67 is movable and height-adjustable in the inner cavity of lifting protective frame 69; one end of second drive rod 68 is rotatably connected to the top of side wall of lifting protective frame 69, and the other end is rotatably connected to the bottom end of sliding seat 36.

[0024] To truly utilize changes in soil looseness for adaptive adjustment of the entire machine, a mechanical feedback chain is introduced into the soil-pressing wheel 60, in addition to the wheel's rotation and the rotation of the drive shaft 62. Two wheel connecting rods 61 are respectively set on both sides of the wheel, allowing the wheel to rotate between the two connecting rods 61. The drive shaft 62 is set on the other end of the two wheel connecting rods 61, allowing the drive shaft 62 to rotate within the hollow beam box 40. A gear 63 is set on the outer wall of the drive shaft 62 and located within the cavity of the hollow beam box 40. A rack 64 is movable along the length of the hollow beam box 40 and is set within the cavity of the hollow beam box 40, meshing with the gear 63. A moving block 65 is fixedly set on the rack 64, so that the rotational response of the drive shaft 62 to soil looseness is converted into an outputtable moving block. The linear displacement of the moving block 65; the lifting column 67 is rotatably mounted above the hollow beam box 40 and extends into the inner cavity of the hollow beam box 40. One end of the first driving diagonal rod 66 is rotatably connected to the moving block 65, and the other end is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the lifting column 67, converting the displacement of the rack 64 into the lifting of the lifting column 67; the lifting protective frame 69 is mounted at the top of the hollow beam box 40, and the lifting column 67 is rotatably engaged in the inner cavity of the lifting protective frame 69, ensuring reliable lifting guidance and suppressing swaying and jamming in the muddy environment; one end of the second driving diagonal rod 68 is rotatably connected to the top of the side wall of the lifting protective frame 69, and the other end is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the sliding seat 36, further transmitting the lifting changes to the sliding seat 36.

[0025] The design motivation is that when the soil roller 60 descends more significantly, it usually means that the soil is looser or there is a larger amount of straw. The soil after rotary tillage has a high straw content and requires more fertilizer to decompose. The descent of the soil roller 60 can serve as a signal of a large amount of straw. Through mechanical linkage, the amount of fertilizer applied can be automatically increased or the proportion of top-layer fertilizer (especially nitrogen fertilizer) can be increased. This allows for the supplementation of more nitrogen fertilizer when there is a large amount of straw to promote straw decomposition and avoid nitrogen competition. Moreover, the entire process does not require electronic sensors or complex control systems.

[0026] like Figure 2 and Figure 8 As shown, in some examples, the fertilizer release mechanism 70 further includes: a fertilizer release pipe, a fertilizer release rod 71, a fertilizer release bottom hole 72, and a plurality of fertilizer leakage holes 73. The plurality of fertilizer leakage holes 73 are opened sequentially and equidistantly at the bottom end of the outer cylinder 31 along the length direction of the outer cylinder 31. One end of the fertilizer release rod 71 is connected to the inner wall of the frame 10, and the other end extends obliquely toward the rotary tillage mechanism 80. One end of the fertilizer release pipe is connected to the fertilizer leakage hole 73, and the other end is connected to the fertilizer release rod 71. The fertilizer release bottom hole 72 is along the lower half of the fertilizer release rod 71 and penetrates the end of the fertilizer release rod 71 facing the rotary tillage mechanism 80.

[0027] To ensure that the extracted fertilizer is released stably, evenly, and directionally behind the rotary tillage mechanism 80, the fertilizer release mechanism 70 is configured with a fertilizer release pipe, a fertilizer release rod 71, a fertilizer release bottom hole 72, and multiple fertilizer drain holes 73. The multiple fertilizer drain holes 73 are equidistantly arranged at the bottom of the outer cylinder 31 along its length, allowing fertilizer in the adjustable transfer trough 33 to enter the fertilizer release pipe. One end of the fertilizer release rod 71 is connected to the inner wall of the frame 10, and the other end extends obliquely towards the rotary tillage mechanism 80, which not only fixes the release position but also uses the oblique posture to allow the fertilizer to be more smoothly collected, guided, and enter the target release area. The fertilizer release bottom hole 72 is along the lower half of the fertilizer release rod 71, allowing the fertilizer to be discharged from the side closest to the rotary tillage mechanism 80. Because the fertilizer release rod above the fertilizer release bottom hole 72 forms an oblique obstruction to the straight fertilizer release hole, it prevents the complex soil movement during rotary tillage from clogging the fertilizer release bottom hole 72.

[0028] like Figure 5 As shown, in some examples, the rotary tillage mechanism 80 further includes: a rotary shaft 81, multiple center positioning plates 82, fixed ends 83, and rotary tillage blades 84. The rotary shaft 81 is rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the frame 10. The multiple center positioning plates 82 are sequentially and equidistantly fixedly sleeved along the length direction of the rotary shaft 81, and the center positioning plates 82 are radially disposed relative to the rotary shaft 81. Each rotary tillage blade 84 is provided with a fixed end 83, and every two rotary tillage blades 84 form a group. The two groups of rotary tillage blades 84 are respectively fixedly disposed on both sides of the center positioning plate 82.

[0029] To improve the stability and mixing consistency of the rotary tillage mechanism 80 under straw return conditions, the rotary tillage mechanism 80 adopts a structure of rotary tillage shaft 81, multiple center positioning plates 82, fixed end plates 83, and rotary tillage blades 84. Specifically, the rotary tillage shaft 81 is rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the frame 10, providing a bearing shaft for continuous rotary tillage power output. Multiple center positioning plates 82 are sequentially and equidistantly fixed along the length of the rotary tillage shaft 81. The center positioning plates 82 are used to standardize the installation position of the rotary tillage blades 84 and limit axial displacement, ensuring the blades... The distribution is more uniform and the force is more balanced; each rotary tiller 84 is equipped with a fixed end 83 to ensure that there is a bolt locking through hole between the rotary tiller 84 and the central positioning plate 82; every two rotary tillers 84 form a group, and the two groups of rotary tillers 84 are fixedly set on both sides of the central positioning plate 82, so that the cutting and throwing of soil on both sides of the central positioning plate 82 is more symmetrical, reducing vibration and eccentric load, thereby stabilizing the soil flow pattern and providing more consistent coverage and mixing conditions for the fertilizer release mechanism 70 located behind the rotary tiller 80.

[0030] like Figure 9 As shown, in some examples, the adjustable transfer trough 33 further includes: multiple drive cylinders 331, drive grooves 332, transfer storage troughs 333, multiple reinforcing ribs 334, two driven adjustment blocks 335, and drive columns 336. The drive cylinders 331 are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the central power shaft 34, and each drive cylinder 331 corresponds one-to-one with the leakage hole 21 in the fertilizer storage mechanism 20. The drive grooves 332 are spirally / inclined on the outer surface of the drive cylinders 331. The transfer storage troughs 333 are located below the leakage holes 21. In the outer wall of the inner rotating cylinder 32, the two ends of the transfer storage tank 333 are provided with through holes; multiple reinforcing ribs 334 are respectively fixed between the side wall of the transfer storage tank 333 and the inner wall of the inner rotating cylinder 32; two driven adjustment blocks 335 can be engaged in the through holes to form transfer storage spaces of different volumes; the drive column 336 is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the driven adjustment block 335, the drive column 336 passes through the strip hole at the bottom end of the transfer storage tank 333, and the bottom end of the drive column 336 extends into the drive groove 332.

[0031] To ensure the adjustable transfer trough 33's adjustment mechanism is repeatable, drivable, and less prone to misalignment, it comprises multiple drive cylinders 331, drive grooves 332, a transfer storage trough 333, multiple reinforcing ribs 334, two driven adjustment blocks 335, and a drive column 336. Specifically, the drive cylinders 331 are fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the central power shaft 34, and each drive cylinder 331 corresponds one-to-one with the discharge hole 21 in the fertilizer storage mechanism 20, ensuring that each material receiving unit can accurately align with the discharge hole 21 to receive material. The drive groove 332 is spirally / inclined on the outer surface of the drive cylinder 331, providing a guide trajectory for the drive column 336 to rotate and move. The transfer storage trough 333 is located in the outer wall of the inner rotating cylinder 32 below the discharge hole 21, and has through holes at both ends, allowing fertilizer to first enter the transfer storage trough 333 to form a measurable space, while simultaneously providing two... The driven adjustment block 335 provides an assembly and adjustment channel; multiple reinforcing ribs 334 are respectively fixed between the side wall of the transfer storage tank 333 and the inner wall of the inner rotating cylinder 32, improving the rigidity of the transfer storage tank 333 area and preventing the through hole from deforming under long-term vibration and impact, which would lead to adjustment failure; two driven adjustment blocks 335 can be engaged in the through hole to form transfer storage spaces of different volumes, thereby directly realizing volume adjustment of fertilizer extraction; the drive column 336 is fixed at the bottom of the driven adjustment block 335 and passes through the strip hole at the bottom of the transfer storage tank 333, and the bottom of the drive column 336 extends into the drive groove 332, so that the approach / remote movement of the driven adjustment block 335 can be stably driven by the drive groove 332 and the adjustment stroke can be controlled, ultimately allowing the adjustable transfer tank 33 to stably output adjustable and repeatable quantitative fertilizer extraction under continuous rotation conditions.

[0032] In some examples, the driven adjustment block 335 is further provided with a sponge layer on the outer wall near the fertilizer storage mechanism 20 and a smooth plastic layer (not shown in the figure) attached to the outside of the sponge layer (not shown in the figure), and the smooth plastic layer slides in contact with the upper inner wall of the through hole.

[0033] To address the issues of powder leakage, adhesion, fertilizer block jamming, and increased resistance that easily occur when the driven adjusting block 335 slides within the through hole for extended periods, a sponge layer and a smooth plastic layer are provided on the outer wall of the driven adjusting block 335 near the fertilizer storage mechanism 20. The smooth plastic layer slides in contact with the upper inner wall of the through hole. The sponge layer forms an elastic fit between the driven adjusting block 335 and the through hole, reducing the leakage of fine fertilizer particles from the gap and buffering minor movement caused by vibration. The smooth plastic layer provides a low-friction, low-adhesion sliding interface, maintaining stable contact with the upper inner wall of the through hole. This allows the driven adjusting block 335 to move more smoothly during the adjustment process of moving closer or further apart, reducing adhesion and wear caused by damp or powdered fertilizer. This ensures the long-term accuracy of the volume adjustment of the transfer storage space and the reliability of the adjustable transfer trough 33.

[0034] The working principle is as follows: The power input shaft 90 receives power from the tractor, driving the inner rotating cylinder 32 of the fertilizer extraction mechanism 30 to rotate periodically, and the adjustable transfer trough 33 on it quantitatively extracts fertilizer from the fertilizer storage mechanism 20; when the implement moves, the rotary tillage mechanism 80 at the front works first, and its rotary tillage blades 84 rotate, cut, crush and mix the surface straw and soil; subsequently, the deep loosening mechanism 50 located behind the rotary tillage mechanism 80 deeply penetrates and loosens the already rotary tilled soil layer, breaking up the plow pan; at the same time, the fertilizer extracted by the fertilizer extraction mechanism 30 is released through the fertilizer release mechanism 7. The fertilizer is conveyed and released directionally in the area behind the rotary tillage mechanism 80 and before the deep loosening mechanism 50, allowing it to fall into the soil flow that has been rotary tilled and is about to be deep loosened, thus achieving mixing and deep integration. The soil compaction wheel 60, located behind the deep loosening mechanism 50, compacts the soil after the operation. Its wheel body floats according to changes in soil compaction, and through a drive shaft 62, gear 63, rack 64, and inclined rod linkage mechanism, it converts the soil loosening condition into mechanical displacement, automatically adjusting the material collection volume of the fertilizer collection mechanism 30. This allows for increased fertilizer application when the soil is too loose or the amount of straw is large, achieving adaptive and precise fertilizer application. The entire process integrates the four major functions of rotary tillage, fertilization, deep loosening, and compaction in sequence, forming a coherent, efficient, and self-adjusting integrated operation of straw return and deep loosening fertilization based on working conditions.

[0035] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A deep-plowing, fertilizing, and straw-returning machine, characterized in that, include: Framework (10); The fertilizer storage mechanism (20) is fixedly installed above the frame (10); A fertilizer extraction mechanism (30) is located at the bottom of the fertilizer storage mechanism (20) and is used to periodically extract fertilizer from the fertilizer storage mechanism (20). Two hollow beam boxes (40) are fixed on both sides of the frame (10); The deep loosening mechanism (50) is disposed between the two hollow beam boxes (40) and located on the rear side of the frame (10); A soil-tamping wheel (60) is disposed between the two hollow beam boxes (40) on the rear side of the deep loosening mechanism (50). The soil-tamping wheel (60) includes a wheel body that can rotate on its own and a drive shaft (62) that can rotate in the hollow beam box (40) depending on the soil loosening condition. Rotary tillage mechanism (80) is located inside the frame (10), with the bottom end of the rotary tillage mechanism (80) located above the deep tillage mechanism (50); The fertilizer release mechanism (70) has one end connected to the fertilizer collection mechanism (30) as an input end, and the other end extends into the inner cavity of the frame (10) as an output end, and is located on the rear side of the rotary tillage mechanism (80). A power input shaft (90) is located at the end of the fertilizer extraction mechanism (30) and is used to transmit the power for the periodic release of the fertilizer.

2. The deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer extraction mechanism (30) includes: The outer cylinder (31) is fixedly connected above the input end of the fertilizer release mechanism (70); The inner rotating cylinder (32) is rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the outer cylinder (31); An adjustable transfer trough (33) is equidistantly arranged along the axis of the inner rotating cylinder (32) to receive a quantitative amount of fertilizer and rotate it to be transported to the fertilizer release mechanism (70); A central power shaft (34) is movable along the axis of the inner rotating cylinder (32) and is located at the center of the inner rotating cylinder (32). Two polygonal shaft ends (35) are provided at both ends of the central power shaft (34). Both ends of the inner rotating cylinder (32) are sleeved on the polygonal shaft ends (35). One of the polygonal shaft ends (35) can be movably sleeved / inserted to the end of the power input shaft (90). Two linear guide rails (37) are fixedly disposed on the outer side of the end of the outer cylinder (31) along the length direction of the inner rotating cylinder (32) and located on the side away from the power input shaft (90); The sliding seat (36) is slidably sleeved on the outside of the two linear guides (37) to push the central power shaft (34) to move along its axial direction, so as to adjust the amount of fertilizer taken by the fertilizer taking mechanism (30) each time it passes the fertilizer storage mechanism (20).

3. The deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep loosening mechanism (50) includes: A shovel-fixed beam (51) is horizontally fixed between the two hollow beam boxes (40); Two end fasteners (52) are respectively fixed and fastened to the two ends of the shovel fixing beam (51) and locked to the outer wall of the hollow beam box (40); Multiple deep loosening shovels (53) are sequentially and equidistantly fixed on at least one side of the outer wall of the shovel fixing beam (51) along the length direction of the shovel fixing beam (51); The shovel fixing fastener (54) is fastened to the outside of the deep loosening shovel (53) and locked onto the shovel fixing beam (51).

4. The deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The earth-suppressing wheel (60) is also equipped with: Two wheel connecting rods (61) are respectively disposed on both sides of the wheel body, and the wheel body can rotate between the two wheel connecting rods (61). The other end of the two wheel connecting rods (61) is provided with the drive shaft (62), and the drive shaft (62) can rotate in the hollow beam box (40). The gear (63) is disposed on the outer wall of the drive shaft (62) and located in the inner cavity of the hollow beam box (40); A rack (64) is disposed in the inner cavity of the hollow beam box (40) and is movable along the length direction of the hollow beam box (40). The rack (64) meshes with the gear (63). The movable block (65) is fixedly mounted on the rack (64); The lifting column (67) is installed above the hollow beam box (40) and its bottom end extends into the inner cavity of the hollow beam box (40). The first drive rod (66) is rotatably connected at one end to the moving block (65) and rotatably connected at the other end to the bottom end of the lifting column (67). A lifting protective frame (69) is set at the top of the hollow beam box (40), and the lifting column (67) is movable and can be engaged in the inner cavity of the lifting protective frame (69); The second drive bar (68) has one end rotatably connected to the top of the side wall of the lifting protective frame (69), and the other end rotatably connected to the bottom of the sliding seat (36).

5. The deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fertilizer release mechanism (70) includes: Multiple fertilizer drain holes (73) are sequentially and equidistantly opened at the bottom end of the outer cylinder (31) along the length direction of the outer cylinder (31); The fertilizer release rod (71) is connected at one end to the inner wall of the frame (10) and at the other end extends obliquely toward the rotary tillage mechanism (80); The fertilizer release pipe is connected at one end to the fertilizer leak hole (73) and at the other end to the fertilizer release rod (71). The fertilizer release bottom hole (72) extends along the lower half of the fertilizer release rod (71) and passes through the end of the fertilizer release rod (71) on the side facing the rotary tillage mechanism (80).

6. The deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tillage mechanism (80) includes: The rotary tillage shaft (81) is rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the frame (10); Multiple center positioning plates (82) are fixedly mounted at equal intervals along the length direction of the rotary tillage shaft (81), and the center positioning plates (82) are arranged radially relative to the rotary tillage shaft (81); Rotary tillage blades (84), each of which is provided with a fixed end (83), and two of the rotary tillage blades (84) form a group, and the two groups of rotary tillage blades (84) are respectively fixedly installed on both sides of the central positioning plate (82).

7. The deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery according to claim 2, characterized in that: The adjustable transfer trough (33) includes: Multiple drive cylinders (331) are fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the central power shaft (34), and each drive cylinder (331) corresponds one-to-one with the leakage hole (21) in the fertilizer storage mechanism (20); The drive groove (332) is formed on the outer surface of the drive cylinder (331) in a spiral / inclined manner; The transfer storage tank (333) is located in the outer wall of the inner rotating cylinder (32) below the leakage hole (21), and the two ends of the transfer storage tank (333) are provided with through holes; Multiple reinforcing ribs (334) are respectively fixed between the side wall of the transfer storage tank (333) and the inner wall of the inner rotating cylinder (32); Two driven adjustment blocks (335) can be engaged in the through hole to move closer or further apart to form transfer storage spaces of different volumes; A drive column (336) is fixedly disposed at the bottom end of the driven adjustment block (335). The drive column (336) passes through the strip hole at the bottom end of the transfer storage tank (333), and the bottom end of the drive column (336) extends into the drive groove (332).

8. The deep tillage, fertilization, and straw return machinery according to claim 7, characterized in that: The driven adjustment block (335) has a sponge layer and a smooth plastic layer attached to the outside of the sponge layer on the outer wall of the side close to the fertilizer storage mechanism (20). The smooth plastic layer slides in contact with the upper inner wall of the through hole.

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