Green prevention and control method for Chinese wolfberry pests based on functional plants

Abstract

The invention discloses a Chinese wolfberry fruit pest green prevention and control method based on functional plants. The invention discloses a green prevention and control method for Chinese wolfberry pests based on functional plants. The green prevention and control method comprises the following steps: 1) arranging functional plant planting belts on the edge of a Chinese wolfberry plantation or two sides of a working road; 2) selecting seeds of functional plants, and sowing the seeds on the functional plant planting belt to obtain a functional plant belt; the functional plant is selected from at least one of astragalus membranaceus, radices stellariae dichotomae and scutellaria baicalensis; 3) performing water and fertilizer integrated management on the functional plant zone and the wolfberry plantation; 4, a suspended sticky trap is arranged above the functional plant zone, the migratory flying amount of the winged aphids is monitored, the occurrence trend of the winged aphids on the Chinese wolfberry branches in the field is predicted on the basis of the winged aphid trapping amount, and accurate prevention and control of Chinese wolfberry pests are guided. The Chinese wolfberry aphid breeding and harm can be reduced, the plant type and ecological niche of Chinese wolfberry are complementary, the natural enemy diversity of Chinese wolfberry pests is improved, and the pests on the Chinese wolfberry are controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ecological regulation technology for agricultural pests, and relates to a green control method for wolfberry pests based on functional plants. Background Technology

[0002] Goji berries are an important and advantageous specialty industry in Northwest China, and product quality and safety are of great concern. Severe pest infestations, especially aphids (winged and wingless) and psyllids, are prevalent in goji berry production. These pests exhibit high outbreak frequencies, increased pesticide resistance, and extreme difficulty in control, severely restricting goji berry yield and quality. Furthermore, long-term reliance on chemical pesticides and traditional clean cultivation or monoculture methods result in simple field habitats, leaving natural enemies such as ladybugs and lacewings without habitats and alternative food sources. While the concept of "using plants to control pests" has emerged in recent years, suitable functional plant species for dryland goji berry orchards in Ningxia remain unclear, and the selection of functional plants is lagging behind. For example, functional plants such as *Cnidium monnieri* pose risks of phenological mismatch and becoming intermediate hosts for secondary pests (such as millet stink bugs) when planted in goji berry orchards, primarily in Ningxia. Therefore, it is urgent to select functional plant species and ecological planting models that can adapt to the local climate, effectively prevent the establishment of goji berry pests, and cultivate natural enemies in the long term. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a green control method for wolfberry pests based on functional plants. This invention can reduce the reproduction and damage of wolfberry aphids and is an ecological control method that improves the diversity of natural enemies.

[0004] This invention provides a green control method for pests in wolfberry plants based on functional plants, comprising the following steps:

[0005] 1) Set up functional plant planting strips along the edge of the wolfberry plantation or on both sides of the work path; 2) Select seeds of functional plants and sow them in the functional plant planting strip to obtain the functional plant strip; The functional plant is selected from at least one of Astragalus membranaceus, Stellaria dichotoma, and Scutellaria baicalensis; 3) Implement integrated water and fertilizer management for the functional plant belt and the wolfberry plantation; 4) Hang sticky insect boards are set above the functional plant belt to monitor the migration of winged aphids, and the occurrence trend of wingless aphids on wolfberry branches in the field is predicted based on the amount of winged aphids attracted, so as to guide the precise control of wolfberry pests.

[0006] In the above method, the width of the planting strip can be 0.5 to 1.0 meters; The planting strip should maintain a buffer distance of 0.5 to 1.5 meters from the drip line of the wolfberry tree canopy to ensure ventilation, light penetration, and smooth mechanical operation.

[0007] In this invention, reserving this buffer distance is not only to reduce direct resource competition between plants, but more importantly, to reserve space for agricultural operations, so as to facilitate manual operations such as fruit picking and pruning by workers, while meeting the passage requirements of agricultural mechanization operations such as plant protection drones and weeders, and ensuring that the construction of functional plant belts does not interfere with the normal production and management of the wolfberry garden; before sowing, the soil in the planting belt is rotary tilled and the soil surface is leveled.

[0008] In the above method, the soil in the functional plant planting strip is rotary tilled before sowing, to a depth of 20-30 cm.

[0009] In the above method, in step 2), the functional plant seeds are used to establish a tiered sowing rate standard based on seed size and field seedling density requirements: where seed size is measured in thousand-seed weight. When the functional plant seed is Astragalus ( Astragalus membranaceus Seeds can be larger than 6g in diameter, and the sowing rate can be 5.0–6.0 kg / mu. When the functional plant seed is Scutellaria baicalensis ( Scutellaria baicalensis The seed size can be 2-3g, and the sowing rate can be 4.0-5.0 kg / mu; When the functional plant seed is *Stellaria media* ( Stellaria dichotoma Seeds can be less than 1.5g in diameter and can be sown at a rate of 3.0–4.0 kg / mu.

[0010] In the above method, the functional plant seeds are sown in rows with a row spacing of 20-30cm and a sowing depth of 1.0-2.0cm.

[0011] In the above method, in step 2), mechanical compaction is performed after sowing; The mechanical compaction uses a compaction wheel or stone roller to roll the seeding belt, ensuring close contact between the seeds and the soil, eliminating soil voids, preventing soil moisture evaporation, and ensuring germination rate and uniformity under the arid climate conditions of Ningxia.

[0012] In the above method, the integrated water and fertilizer management includes the following treatment: incorporating the functional plant strip into the overall irrigation network of the wolfberry seed garden, and laying a special drip irrigation tape under the soil layer where the functional plants are planted or under the surface mulch.

[0013] In the above method, the integrated water and fertilizer management includes the following treatments: keeping the topsoil moist during the seedling stage of functional plants, and applying water-soluble fertilizer with water droplets during the rapid growth period using integrated water and fertilizer facilities to promote root development and enhance their drought resistance.

[0014] In the above method, in step 4), the amount of winged aphids attracted is positively correlated with the trend of wingless aphid occurrence two weeks later.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Reduce pest colonization efficiency (ecological resistance): Experiments show that the functional plant treatment area significantly reduced the linear regression slope of winged aphids (migrating population) transforming into wingless aphids (colonizing population) in the field, thus constructing an effective ecological resistance and delaying the outbreak of pests.

[0016] 2. Ideal plant type and complementary ecological niche: The Astragalus membranaceus, Stellaria dichotoma, and Scutellaria baicalensis selected in this invention have a natural plant height (usually 30-60cm) that is significantly lower than that of mature Lycium barbarum trees (usually >1.2m). This difference in plant type allows the functional plant zone to perform its ecological functions without shading the Lycium barbarum trees or competing for light resources. It eliminates the need for tedious pruning or height control, resulting in perfect complementary ecological niches in three-dimensional planting.

[0017] 3. Efficiently cultivate natural enemies: The three plants can significantly increase the population density of ladybugs and lacewings, and use the "Banker Plant" mechanism to provide alternative food for natural enemies to control pests on wolfberries.

[0018] 4. Avoid ecological risks: The selected plants have a long green period, effectively covering the entire life cycle of wolfberry pests, and avoiding the risk of millet stink bugs overflowing due to premature aging and death of plants such as Cnidium monnieri. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of insect community structure and natural enemy abundance in a wolfberry garden under different treatments (Astragalus membranaceus, Stellaria dichotoma, Scutellaria baicalensis, and control).

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the field trial design and sampling for functional plant zones; Figure 2 A represents the field growth status of three functional plants, where a is Astragalus membranaceus, b is Stellaria dichotoma, c is Scutellaria baicalensis, and d is Cnidium monnieri. Figure 2 Figure B shows the layout of the experimental plots and the specific sampling methods. The large image on the left shows the layout of intercropping Astragalus membranaceus, Stellaria dichotoma, and Scutellaria baicalensis in plots 1, 7, and 10 of Ningqi, respectively. The black solid line box represents the experimental survey plot (40 m × 4 m). The area adjacent to the functional plant zone is the treatment area, and the area at least 16 m away is the control area (clean cultivation). The enlarged image on the right shows the sampling design of a plot in a single survey. The middle strip is a 1 m wide row of functional plants, and the two sides are rows of Lycium barbarum. The leaf icon indicates the visual sampling point (6 plants are randomly marked in each plot), and the square icon indicates the yellow card hanging point (4 cards are hung in each plot).

[0021] Figure 3 Predicting the changing trends of winged and wingless aphid occurrence in wolfberry gardens under three functional plant treatments and a control (showing the differences in slopes under different treatments). Figure 3 (A) shows the cross-correlation analysis between the input of winged aphids and the wingless aphid population in the control area. The bar chart represents the Pearson correlation coefficient at different lag times, with the peak occurring at lag time 2 weeks. (B)~(D) show the linear regression analysis of the relationship between the input of winged aphids (lag time) two weeks and the population size of wingless aphids. (B) is Astragalus membranaceus vs. control; (C) is Stellaria dichotoma vs. control; (D) is Scutellaria baicalensis vs. control. Figure 3 The medium-colored lines represent functional plant treatments, the gray lines represent controls, the shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals, the circles represent data points in the western region, and the squares represent data points in the eastern region.

[0022] Figure 4 A comparative diagram showing the population dynamics and predicted trends of natural enemy insects (such as ladybugs) in the wolfberry garden of the three functional plant zones and the control area. Figure 4 The data in the middle are the marginal mean ± standard error estimated by the model, reflecting the population density at each survey time point. The top row is the population dynamics based on GLMM, and the bottom row is the predicted trend based on GAMM. The color of the broken line or curve represents different functional plant treatments, the gray dashed line or solid line represents the control, the shaded area represents the 95% confidence interval, and the block markers below the X-axis in the top row indicate the significance of the difference between the treatment group and the control group at each survey time point. P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05, NA: no significant difference).

[0023] Figure 5 A comparison chart of the cumulative abundance of pests / natural enemies on Cnidium monnieri and other functional plants. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0025] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0026] Example 1: Construction of Astragalus functional plant belt and its regulation of insect community structure.

[0027] This embodiment was carried out at a contiguous wolfberry planting base in Zhongning County, Ningxia.

[0028] Three-year-old mature wolfberry trees were selected as the research subjects. The experimental field was planted with three main varieties, "Ningqi No. 1", "Ningqi No. 7" and "Ningqi No. 10", from north to south. The cultivation method was trellis cultivation, with a plant spacing of 1-2 m and a row spacing of 4 m.

[0029] Planting strip construction: Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) is planted on both sides and edges of the work paths in the wolfberry field. Astragalus membranaceus Functional plant zone. Astragalus seeds of superior varieties with a thousand-seed weight greater than 6.0g are selected, and the sowing rate is controlled at 5.0kg / mu. Autumn sowing is adopted (late October of the previous year), with a row spacing of 30cm and a sowing depth of 2.0cm. After sowing, mechanical roller compaction is performed to retain moisture. The planting belt is 0.8 meters wide, with a 1.0-meter buffer distance between the edge and the drip line of the wolfberry canopy to allow space for mechanical operations.

[0030] Management and maintenance: Water and fertilizer management is carried out simultaneously using drip irrigation facilities laid in the field. Before the peak period of wolfberry pests in May and June of the following year, the Astragalus plants have formed a dense vegetation cover, and the plant height (about 40-60cm) is significantly lower than that of mature wolfberry trees, so it does not cause any shading effect.

[0031] Regulation effect: such as Figure 1 As shown, yellow sticky traps and net sweeping surveys revealed that the Astragalus functional plant zone significantly altered the field insect community structure. Compared to the clean-cultivation control area (CK), the total abundance of ladybugs, a natural enemy, increased by approximately 40% in the Astragalus treatment area (FP). Figure 1 Community structure analysis of lacewings showed that Astragalus membranaceus effectively increased the diversity of functional groups, significantly increasing the proportion of predatory natural enemies in the community, thus laying the community foundation for subsequent biological control of pests.

[0032] Example 2: Control of aphid colonization efficiency based on linear regression model.

[0033] This embodiment verifies the ecological barrier effect of functional plant zones on the core pest—the wolfberry aphid.

[0034] Monitoring methods: Yellow sticky traps were hung above the functional plant zones of Astragalus membranaceus, Stellaria dichotoma, and Scutellaria baicalensis, as well as above the control area, to monitor winged aphids (input variable x). Simultaneously, the population of wingless aphids on adjacent Lycium barbarum branches was visually surveyed (output variable y). A linear regression model was established: y = k x + b (Field layout of functional plant belts including Astragalus membranaceus, Stellaria dichotoma, and Scutellaria baicalensis) Figure 2 (As shown).

[0035] Experimental results: Figure 2 Based on the results from Astragalus membranaceus, the correlation was highest with a lag of 2 weeks. That is, if there were many winged aphids 2 weeks ago, there are also many wingless aphids now; conversely, if there were few winged aphids 2 weeks ago, there are also few wingless aphids now. The higher the overlap, the closer the correlation coefficient is to 1. Data analysis of repeated measurements (surveys) of winged and wingless aphid populations indicates that wingless aphids begin to proliferate in the second week after winged aphids migrate in. Therefore, by hanging yellow sticky traps, if an abnormally large number of winged aphids are found stuck to the traps during a certain period, there is a high probability that a large-scale outbreak of wingless aphids will occur two weeks later.

[0036] like Figure 2 All results show that the slope of the regression model varies under different treatments. k Significant differences were observed: the regression slope of the control area... k The data points are generally large and steeply distributed. This indicates that in habitats lacking barriers, a small number of winged aphids can quickly establish themselves and produce a large number of wingless aphid offspring, with minimal environmental resistance. The regression slopes of the Astragalus and Stellaria dichotoma treatment areas in the functional plant treatment areas are shown. k The value decreased significantly, and the regression line flattened out.

[0037] Conclusion: A significant decrease in slope ( k FP < k CK This study confirms that the invention significantly reduces the colonization efficiency of winged aphids transforming into wingless aphids through ecological mechanisms. Under the same migration pressure, functional plant belts can effectively "suppress" the outbreak rate of wingless aphids in the field, extending the optimal control period.

[0038] Example 3: Spatiotemporal following effect of natural enemy population dynamics.

[0039] This embodiment further analyzes the temporal dynamics of functional plants on dominant natural enemies (taking lacewings and ladybugs as examples).

[0040] Dynamic monitoring: During the entire growth period of wolfberry autumn fruit from July to October, the population dynamics of ladybugs on the functional zones of Astragalus membranaceus and Scutellaria baicalensis were continuously monitored.

[0041] Results analysis: such as Figure 4 As shown, the ladybug population density in the Astragalus and Scutellaria treatment areas remained at a high level throughout the survey period, exhibiting several distinct occurrence peaks. During the high-temperature period in mid-to-late August, the number of natural enemies in the control area decreased rapidly, while the functional plant zone, due to its favorable microclimate and alternative food sources (pollen / nectar), maintained a high natural enemy population (e.g., Figure 3 As shown in the curve, this confirms its ecological function as a "predator refuge".

[0042] Comparative Example 1: Limitations and Secondary Pest Risks of Cnidium monnieri. To screen for optimal functional plants, this invention included Cnidium monnieri (… Cnidium monnieri Planted adjacent to wolfberry as a control treatment (see field layout). Figure 2 ).

[0043] Treatment setup: Cultivate Cnidium monnieri according to the same specifications and investigate the insect population dynamics throughout its entire life cycle.

[0044] Results analysis: such as Figure 5As shown, although *Cnidium monnieri* exhibited some attraction to natural enemies in the early stages of the experiment (late July to early August), under the climatic conditions of Ningxia, it rapidly entered its senescence and death phase in mid-August. Figure 4 The data cable was interrupted in mid-August.

[0045] Secondary pest spillover: monitoring data ( Figure 5 The curve above shows that before the Cnidium monnieri withered, the millet bug (Smilax china) was present on it. Nysius ericae The cumulative abundance of the *Serissa japonica* population increased dramatically, significantly higher than in other treatment groups. As the plants died, a large number of *Serissa japonica* lost their original habitat, posing an extremely high risk of spreading and spilling over into neighboring wolfberry fields.

[0046] Comparison conclusion: Figure 5 The negative examples demonstrate that, due to the mismatch in phenological periods and specific pest host preferences, *Cnidium monnieri* is unsuitable as a full-cycle functional plant for Ningxia wolfberry gardens. In contrast, the *Astragalus membranaceus*, *Stellaria dichotoma*, and *Scutellaria baicalensis* (Examples 1-3) screened in this invention have significant advantages in terms of green retention period and pest barrier safety.

Claims

1. A green control method for pests in wolfberry based on functional plants, comprising the following steps: 1) Set up functional plant planting strips along the edge of the wolfberry plantation or on both sides of the work path; 2) Select seeds of functional plants and sow them in the functional plant planting strip to obtain the functional plant strip; The functional plant is selected from at least one of Astragalus membranaceus, Stellaria dichotoma, and Scutellaria baicalensis; 3) Implement integrated water and fertilizer management for the functional plant belt and the wolfberry plantation; 4) Hang sticky insect boards are set above the functional plant belt to monitor the migration of winged aphids, and the occurrence trend of wingless aphids on wolfberry branches in the field is predicted based on the amount of winged aphids attracted, so as to guide the precise control of wolfberry pests.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the planting strip is 0.5 to 1.0 meters; The planting strip maintains a buffer distance of 0.5 to 1.5 meters from the drip line of the wolfberry tree canopy.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Before sowing, the soil in the functional plant planting strip is rotary tilled to a depth of 20-30 cm.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, In step 2), the functional plant seeds are used to establish a tiered sowing rate standard based on seed size and field seedling density requirements: where seed size is measured in thousand-seed weight. When the functional plant seed is Astragalus membranaceus, the seed size is greater than 6g, and the sowing rate is 5.0-6.0 kg / mu; When the functional plant seed is Scutellaria baicalensis, the seed diameter is 2-3g, and the sowing rate is 4.0-5.0 kg / mu; When the seeds of the functional plant are *Bupleurum chinense*, the seed size is less than 1.5g, and the sowing rate is 3.0–4.0 kg / mu.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The functional plant seeds are sown in rows with a row spacing of 20-30 cm and a sowing depth of 1.0-2.0 cm.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, In step 2), mechanical compaction is performed after sowing; The mechanical pressing involves using pressing wheels or stone rollers to roll the seeding belt.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The integrated water and fertilizer management includes the following treatment: incorporating the functional plant belt into the overall irrigation network of the wolfberry seed garden, and laying special drip irrigation tape under the soil layer where the functional plants are planted or under the surface mulch.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The integrated water and fertilizer management includes the following treatments: keeping the topsoil moist during the seedling stage of functional plants, and applying water-soluble fertilizer via drip irrigation using integrated water and fertilizer facilities during the rapid growth period.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, In step 4), the amount of winged aphids attracted is positively correlated with the trend of wingless aphid occurrence two weeks later.

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