Monitoring device and vehicle speed reducer

Abstract

The invention discloses a monitoring device and a vehicle decelerator, the monitoring device is applied to the vehicle decelerator, and the monitoring device comprises an oil pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and an acquisition extension set; the oil pressure sensor is used for collecting oil pressure in a hydraulic station originally matched with the vehicle speed reducer and then sending the oil pressure to the collecting extension set; the temperature sensor is used for collecting the oil temperature in a hydraulic station originally matched with the vehicle speed reducer and then sending the oil temperature to the collecting extension set; the acquisition extension set is respectively connected with the oil pressure sensor and the temperature sensor and is used for receiving oil pressure data uploaded by the oil pressure sensor and oil temperature data uploaded by the temperature sensor and then uploading the data to an external computer; the acquisition extension set comprises a plurality of external interfaces, a plurality of signal processing circuits, a power line carrier processing circuit, a core processing circuit and a power supply circuit. The device is scientific in design, can safely and reliably monitor the brake state (brake pressure and the oil temperature of hydraulic oil) on the vehicle speed reducer, and guarantees the operation safety of the vehicle speed reducer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of railway rail transit, and particularly to a monitoring device for a vehicle retarder. Background Art

[0002] Rail transit is an important form of transportation. The diversion of freight rail transit depends on the operation of the hump yard, and the vehicle retarder is one of the core devices in the hump yard. A vehicle retarder is a device that relies on two brake rails to clamp the two sides of the wheels of a railway vehicle and decelerates by means of friction. The motor on the vehicle retarder is a device that provides power for the brake rails.

[0003] With the rapid development of rail transit in China, the large-scale construction of hump yards, the continuous improvement of freight transportation capacity and volume, the requirements for vehicle retarders are also getting higher and higher. In order to better monitor the braking state of vehicle retarders, it is necessary to monitor the braking pressure in the vehicle retarder and the hydraulic oil temperature in the hydraulic station supporting the vehicle retarder.

[0004] However, there is currently no technology that can reliably monitor both the vehicle retarder braking pressure and the oil temperature on the vehicle retarder at the same time. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a monitoring device and a vehicle retarder in view of the technical defects existing in the prior art.

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides a monitoring device applied to a vehicle retarder, which includes an oil pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and a collection extension unit; The oil pressure sensor is used to collect the oil pressure in the hydraulic station originally supporting the vehicle retarder, and then send it to the collection extension unit; The temperature sensor is used to collect the oil temperature in the hydraulic station originally supporting the vehicle retarder, and then send it to the collection extension unit; The collection extension unit is respectively connected to the oil pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and is used to receive the oil pressure data uploaded by the oil pressure sensor and the oil temperature data uploaded by the temperature sensor, and then upload them to an external computer; The collection extension unit includes a plurality of external interfaces, a plurality of signal processing circuits, a power line carrier processing circuit, a core processing circuit and a power supply circuit; The plurality of external interfaces are respectively connected to the plurality of signal processing circuits, the power line carrier processing circuit and the core processing circuit correspondingly; The plurality of signal processing circuits are connected to the core processing circuit; The core processing circuit is connected to the power line carrier processing circuit; The power supply circuit is respectively connected to the plurality of external interfaces, the plurality of signal processing circuits, the power line carrier processing circuit and the core processing circuit.

[0007] In addition, the present invention also provides a vehicle speed reducer, which includes the monitoring device as described above.

[0008] As can be seen from the technical solution provided by the present invention above, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a monitoring device and a vehicle reducer, which is scientifically designed and can safely and reliably monitor the braking status (specifically the braking pressure and hydraulic oil temperature) on the vehicle reducer, ensuring the safe operation of the vehicle reducer, and has significant practical significance.

[0009] It should be noted that hydraulic oil at different temperatures has a certain impact on the braking capability of the reducer (higher temperatures result in higher hydraulic oil fluidity and less viscosity, generally leading to better braking performance; lower temperatures result in lower hydraulic oil fluidity and greater viscosity, generally leading to poorer braking performance). Furthermore, higher braking pressure (higher hydraulic oil pressure) typically corresponds to better braking performance, while lower braking pressure (lower hydraulic oil pressure) typically results in poorer braking performance. Therefore, the device of this invention, by simultaneously monitoring the parameters of braking pressure and temperature, provides a more in-depth understanding of the reducer's braking state. The device provided by this invention can be reliably applied to vehicle reducer monitoring equipment in the railway industry, helping electrical personnel to better maintain and use the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 The present invention provides a structural block diagram of a monitoring device; Figure 2 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the communication signal of the acquisition unit in a vehicle reducer monitoring device; Figure 3 This invention provides a power supply diagram for the data acquisition unit in a vehicle reducer monitoring device. Figures 4a to 4h These are electrical schematic diagrams for the first to eighth external interfaces, respectively. Figure 4i This is the electrical schematic diagram of the tenth external interface; Figure 4j This is the electrical schematic diagram of the ninth external interface; Figures 5a to 5b These are simplified diagrams of the first analog signal processing circuit and the second analog signal processing circuit, respectively. Figure 5c This is the electrical schematic diagram of the first analog signal processing circuit; Figures 6a to 6b These are simplified diagrams of the first and second 485 signal processing circuits, respectively. Figure 6c This is the electrical schematic diagram of the first 485 signal processing circuit; Figures 7a to 7b These are simplified diagrams of the first I2C signal processing circuit and the second I2C signal processing circuit, respectively. Figure 7c This is the electrical schematic diagram of the first I2C signal processing circuit; Figures 8a to 8b These are simplified diagrams of the first UART signal processing circuit and the second UART signal processing circuit, respectively. Figure 8c This is the electrical schematic diagram of the first UART signal processing circuit; Figure 9a This is the electrical schematic diagram of an AC220V-DC12V circuit; Figure 9b This is the electrical schematic diagram of the first DC12V-3.3V circuit (i.e., the first DC12V to 3.3V circuit); Figure 9c This is the electrical schematic diagram of the second DC12V-3.3V circuit (i.e., the second DC12V to 3.3V circuit); Figure 9d This is the electrical schematic diagram of a DC12V-5V circuit (DC12V to 5V circuit); Figure 9e This is the electrical schematic diagram of a DC 12V isolation circuit; Figure 9f This is the electrical schematic diagram of a voltage selection circuit; Figure 10 It is the electrical schematic diagram of the core processing circuit; Figure 11a , Figure 11b These are a simplified diagram and an electrical schematic diagram of the power line carrier communication processing circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0012] In the description of this patent, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or setting, a detachable connection or setting, or an integral connection or setting. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this patent according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. The technical solution of this invention will be further described below through specific embodiments; details not specified in the embodiments are all conventional industry techniques.

[0013] See Figures 1 to 3 , Figures 4a to 4j , Figures 5a to 5c , Figures 6a to 6c , Figures 7a to 7c , Figures 8a to 8c , Figures 9a to 9f , Figure 10 , Figures 11a to 11b The present invention provides a monitoring device for use on a vehicle reducer (electro-hydraulic vehicle reducer). The device includes an oil pressure sensor 1, a temperature sensor 2, and a data acquisition unit 3. Oil pressure sensor 1 is used to collect the oil pressure (i.e., braking pressure) in the hydraulic station originally matched with the vehicle reducer, and then send it to the data collection unit 3; It should be noted that the hydraulic station, as an important component of the electro-hydraulic vehicle reducer, has the basic function of converting electrical energy into hydraulic energy to provide power for the braking and deceleration actions of the vehicle reducer.

[0014] Temperature sensor 2 is used to collect the oil temperature in the hydraulic station originally matched with the vehicle reducer (i.e., the hydraulic oil temperature in the oil tank of the hydraulic station) and then send it to the acquisition unit 3. The data acquisition unit 3 is connected to the oil pressure sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2 respectively. It is used to receive the oil pressure data uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 and the oil temperature data uploaded by the temperature sensor 2, and then upload them to an external computer (such as an industrial control computer). An external computer, connected to data acquisition unit 3, is used to store and display the oil pressure and oil temperature data uploaded by data acquisition unit 3.

[0015] In this invention, specifically, the detection end of the oil pressure sensor 1 is set at the oil pressure measurement interface of the hydraulic station originally matched with the vehicle reducer (i.e., the hydraulic station itself is original), so that oil pressure data (i.e., the braking pressure data of the vehicle reducer) can be collected from the hydraulic station oil pressure measurement interface. In this invention, specifically, the detection end of the temperature sensor 2 extends below the hydraulic oil level in the oil tank of the hydraulic station originally matched with the vehicle reducer, that is, the temperature sensor 2 probes into the hydraulic oil in the oil tank to collect oil temperature data.

[0016] It should be noted that, in practice, the oil pressure sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2 can be sensors that transmit analog signals or sensors that transmit digital signals.

[0017] Oil pressure sensor 1 and temperature sensor 2 collect oil pressure and oil temperature information from the hydraulic station and transmit the information to the data acquisition unit 3. The data acquisition unit 3 converts the information into power line carrier signals and transmits them to other external devices, such as industrial control computers.

[0018] In this invention, the acquisition unit 3 includes multiple (specifically ten) external interfaces, multiple signal processing circuits, power line carrier processing circuit 319, core processing circuit 320, and power supply circuit 321. Multiple external interfaces (specifically ten) are respectively connected to multiple (specifically eight) signal processing circuits, power line carrier processing circuit 319 and core processing circuit 320; Multiple signal processing circuits (specifically eight) are connected to the core processing circuit 320; The core processing circuit 320 is connected to the power line carrier processing circuit 319; The power supply circuit 321 is connected to multiple (specifically nine) external interfaces, multiple (specifically eight) signal processing circuits, power line carrier processing circuit 319, and core processing circuit 320, respectively.

[0019] In addition, the core processing circuit 320 is also connected to an external interface.

[0020] In specific implementation, multiple external interfaces are included, specifically: first external interface unit 301, second external interface 302, third external interface 303, fourth external interface 304, fifth external interface 305, sixth external interface 306, seventh external interface 307, eighth external interface 308, ninth external interface 309 and tenth external interface 310. Among them, the first external interface 301, the second external interface 302, the third external interface 303, the fourth external interface 304, the fifth external interface 305, the sixth external interface 306, the seventh external interface 307, the eighth external interface 308 and the tenth external interface 310 are all four-pin aviation sockets. Among them, the ninth external interface 309 is a three-pin aviation socket.

[0021] It should be noted that for each (a total of nine) four-pin aviation socket, pin 1 is VCC and pin 4 is GND. Specifically, pin 2 of the first external interface 301 and the second external interface 302 is Signal; pins 3 and 4 of the third external interface 301 and the fourth external interface 302 are 485A and 485B pins respectively; pins 3 and 44 of the fifth external interface 301 and the sixth external interface 302 are I2C transmission pins; and pins 3 and 4 of the seventh external interface 301, the eighth external interface 302, and the tenth external interface 310 are UART signal transmission ports.

[0022] Further, see Figures 4a to 4i As shown, for the first external interface, pin 1 is 12V-2, pin 2 is Signal1, pin 3 is floating, and pin 4 is GND. For the second external interface, pin 1 is 12V-2, pin 2 is Signal2, pin 3 is floating, and pin 4 is GND. For the third external interface, pin 1 is 12V-2, pin 2 is 485A-1, pin 3 is 485B-1, and pin 4 is GND. For the fourth external interface, pin 1 is 12V-2, pin 2 is 485A-2, pin 3 is 485B-2, and pin 4 is GND. For the fifth external interface, pin 1 is 3.3V-2, pin 2 is SDA1, pin 3 is SCK1, and pin 4 is GND. For the sixth external interface, pin 1 is 3.3V-2, pin 2 is SDA2, pin 3 is SCK2, and pin 4 is GND. For the seventh external interface, pin 1 is VCC-out1, pin 2 is TXD-out1, pin 3 is RXD-out1, and pin 4 is GND. For the eighth external interface, pin 1 is VCC-out2, pin 2 is TXD-out2, pin 3 is RXD-out2, and pin 4 is GND. For the tenth external interface, pin 1 is left floating, pin 2 is TXD0, pin 3 is RXD0, and pin 4 is GND.

[0023] It should be noted that for the ninth external interface 309, which is a three-pin aviation socket, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4j As shown, pin 1 is the L / PLC+ pin, pin 2 is the N / PLC- pin, and pin 3 is the PE pin.

[0024] In practice, multiple signal processing circuits are used, including two analog signal processing circuits, two 485 signal processing circuits, two I2C signal processing circuits, and two UART signal processing circuits. The two analog signal processing circuits specifically include: a first analog signal processing circuit 311 and a second analog signal processing circuit 312, which are respectively connected to the first external interface 301 and the second external interface 302. Two 485 signal processing circuits are included, specifically: a first 485 signal processing circuit 313 and a second 485 signal processing circuit 314, which are respectively connected to the third external interface 303 and the fourth external interface 304. The two I2C signal processing circuits specifically include: a first I2C signal processing circuit 315 and a second I2C signal processing circuit 316, which are respectively connected to the fifth external interface 305 and the sixth external interface 306. The two UART signal processing circuits specifically include: a first UART signal processing circuit 317 and a second UART signal processing circuit 318, which are respectively connected to the seventh external interface 307 and the eighth external interface 308. The ninth external interface 309 is connected to the core processing circuit 320 through the power line carrier communication processing circuit 313; The core processing circuit 320 is connected to the tenth external interface 310; Power supply circuit 321 is used to supply power to the various electrical components in data acquisition unit 3. See [link / reference]. Figure 3 As shown.

[0025] In specific implementation, the first analog signal processing circuit 311 and the second analog signal processing circuit 312 are used to process the analog signals uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2. The first 485 signal processing circuit 313 and the second 485 signal processing circuit 314 are used to process the 485 signals uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2. The first I2C signal processing circuit 315 and the second I2C signal processing circuit 316 are used to process the I2C signals uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2. The first UART signal processing circuit 317 and the second UART signal processing circuit 318 are used to process the UART signals uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2. The core processing circuit 320 is used to receive and process the analog oil pressure signal and analog oil temperature signal uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2, and then convert them into corresponding digital signals and upload them to an external computer (e.g., an industrial control computer) through the power line carrier processing circuit 319. The power supply circuit 321 is connected to the remaining parts of the data acquisition unit 3 (i.e., each electrical component) except for the power supply circuit 321, as well as the oil pressure sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2, and is used to supply power to the remaining parts of the entire data acquisition unit 3 except for the power supply circuit 321, as well as the oil pressure sensor 1 and the temperature sensor 2.

[0026] It should be noted that the circuit structures of the first analog signal processing circuit 311 and the second analog signal processing circuit 312 are exactly the same, the circuit structures of the first 485 signal processing circuit 313 and the second 485 signal processing circuit 314 are exactly the same, the circuit structures of the first I2C signal processing circuit 315 and the second I2C signal processing circuit 316 are exactly the same, and the circuit structures of the first UART signal processing circuit 317 and the second UART signal processing circuit 318 are exactly the same.

[0027] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the structural design and working principle of each of the main circuits of the present invention will be described below.

[0028] In this invention, the simplified circuit diagrams of the first analog signal processing circuit 311 and the second analog signal processing circuit 312 are as follows: Figure 5a , Figure 5b As shown; The first 485 signal processing circuit 313 and the second 485 signal processing circuit 314 are as follows Figure 6a , Figure 6b As shown; The first I2C signal processing circuit 315 and the second I2C signal processing circuit 316 are as follows: Figure 7a , Figure 7b As shown; The first UART signal processing circuit 317 and the second UART signal processing circuit 318 are as follows: Figure 8a , Figure 8b As shown; 1. The first analog signal processing circuit 311 is connected to the first external interface 301 and is used to input the oil pressure analog signal (i.e., the signal) uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 through the first external interface 301 and then output it to the core processing circuit 320 (specifically, to output the ADC1 signal).

[0029] The second analog signal processing circuit 312 is connected to the second external interface 302. It is used to input the oil temperature analog signal (i.e., the signal) uploaded by the oil temperature sensor 2 through the second external interface 302, and after amplification, output it to the core processing circuit 320 (specifically, output the ADC2 signal).

[0030] For specific implementation details, see [link / reference] Figure 5c As shown, the first analog signal processing circuit 311 includes a U1 chip; The U1 chip includes two operational amplifiers, U1A and U1B; The VCC terminal of the U1 chip is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal). The GND terminal of the U1 chip is connected to GND; The non-inverting input (+) terminal of operational amplifier U1A is connected to one end of resistors R2 and R4, respectively. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to GND; The other end of resistor R2 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and the second pin (i.e., the Signal1 pin) of the first external interface 301, respectively. The inverting input (-) terminal of operational amplifier U1A is connected to one end of resistor R3 and one end of resistor R5, respectively. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to GND (ground). The inverting input terminal (- terminal) of operational amplifier U1A is also connected to the output terminal out of operational amplifier U1A through resistors R5 and R6; The output terminal OUT of operational amplifier U1A is connected to the non-inverting input terminal (+ terminal) of operational amplifier U1B through resistor R7; The non-inverting input (+) terminal of operational amplifier U1B is connected to GND through resistor R8; The inverting input (-) terminal of operational amplifier U1B is connected to GND through resistor R10; The inverting input terminal (- terminal) of operational amplifier U1B is also connected to the output terminal out of operational amplifier U1B through resistor R9; The output terminal out of the operational amplifier U1B is the ADC1 terminal, which is connected to the ADC1 terminal of the chip U10 in the core processing circuit 320.

[0031] It should be noted that, see Figure 5c As shown, for the first analog signal processing circuit 311, when the analog signal from the sensor is input, the analog current signal is converted into an analog voltage signal. The filter capacitor at the power supply terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is omitted in this circuit (this is a conventional circuit design). The function of operational amplifier U1A and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 is to convert the analog current signal output from the sensor into a analog voltage signal that can be read by the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320. The function of U1B and R7, R8, R9, and R10 is to form a follower circuit to stabilize the analog voltage signal. The U1 chip is a common 2-channel operational amplifier chip, such as the LM358 operational amplifier chip, which is a mature and widely used chip and will not be described further here.

[0032] It should be noted that the second analog signal processing circuit 312 and the first analog signal processing circuit 311 have basically the same structural design and principle, the difference being: (1) in the second analog signal processing circuit 312, the other end of resistor R2 is connected to the second pin (i.e., the Signal2 pin) of the second external interface 302; (2) the output terminal out of the operational amplifier U1B in the second analog signal processing circuit 312 is connected to the ADC2 terminal of the chip U10 in the core processing circuit 320. The output terminal out of the operational amplifier U1B is the ADC2 terminal, which is connected to the ADC2 terminal of the chip U10 in the core processing circuit 320.

[0033] II. See Figure 6a , Figure 6b As shown, the first 485 signal processing circuit 313 is used to input the 485 oil pressure signal uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 (through the 485A-1 and 485B-1 terminals), and then output the UART signal (through the RXD1 and TXD terminals) to the core processing circuit 320; or, it is used to input the UART oil pressure signal uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 (through the RXD1 and TXD1 terminals), and output the 485 signal (through the 485A-1 and 485B-1 terminals) to the core processing circuit 320. The second 485 signal processing circuit 314 is used to input the 485 oil temperature signal uploaded by the oil temperature sensor 2 (through the 485A-2 and 485B-2 terminals) and output the UART oil temperature signal (through the RXD2 and TXD2 terminals) to the core processing circuit 320, or to input the UART oil temperature signal uploaded by the oil temperature sensor 2 (through the RXD2 and TXD2 terminals) and output the 485 oil temperature signal (through the 485A-2 and 485B-2 terminals) to the core processing circuit 320.

[0034] For specific implementation details, see [link / reference] Figure 6c As shown, the first 485 signal processing circuit 313 includes a U2 chip; The R terminal of the U2 chip is the RXD1 terminal, which is connected to the RXD1 terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320 and one end of the resistor R14. The other end of resistor R14 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal). The RE and DE terminals of the U2 chip are connected; The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the DE terminal of U2 chip; the emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to GND; the base of transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R12; the DE terminal of U2 chip is connected to one end of resistor R13. The other end of resistor R13 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal); The second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal) is connected to one end of resistor R11; The other end of resistor R11 is the TXD1 terminal, which is connected to the TXD1 terminal of chip U10 in core processing circuit 320; the D terminal of chip U2 is connected to GND. The VCC terminal of the U2 chip is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal); The A terminal of the U2 chip is connected to pin 2 (i.e., pin 485A-1) of the third external interface 303. The B terminal of the U2 chip is connected to the third pin (i.e., pin 485B-1) of the third external interface 303; The GND terminal of the U2 chip is connected to GND (grounded). Furthermore, the VCC terminal of the U2 chip is connected to one end of resistor R15; The other end of resistor R15 is connected to terminal A of chip U2; terminal A of chip U2 is connected to one end of resistor R16; the other end of resistor R16 is connected to terminal B of chip U2. The B terminal of the U2 chip is connected to one end of resistor R17; the other end of resistor R17 is connected to the GND terminal (grounded).

[0035] It should be noted that, see Figure 6c As shown, in the first 485 signal processing circuit 313, UART signals and 485 signals are mutually converted through the circuit. When a UART signal flows into the TXD terminal, a corresponding 485 signal flows out from the 485A and 485B terminals; conversely, when signals flow into the 485A and 485B terminals, a UART signal flows out from the RXD terminal. The baud rate of the 485 signal is the same as that of the UART signal. This circuit omits the filter capacitor at the power supply terminal of the operational amplifier U2 (this is a conventional circuit design). The U2 chip is a common UART-to-485 signal chip, a mature and widely used chip, and will not be described further here.

[0036] It should be noted that the second 485 signal processing circuit 314 and the first 485 signal processing circuit 313 have the same structural design and principle, the difference being: (1) In the second 485 signal processing circuit 314, the R terminal of the U2 chip is connected to the RXD2 terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320; (2) In the second 485 signal processing circuit 314, the A terminal of the U2 chip is connected to the second pin (i.e., the 485A-1 pin) of the fourth external interface 304, and the B terminal of the U2 chip is connected to the third pin (i.e., the 485B-1 pin) of the fourth external interface 304; (3) The other end of the resistor R11 in the second 485 signal processing circuit 314 is the TXD2 terminal, which is connected to the TXD2 terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320.

[0037] III. See Figure 7a , Figure 7b As shown, the first I2C signal processing circuit 315 is used to input the I2C signal uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 (through the SDA1 and SCK1 terminals) and output the I2C signal (through the SDA1 and SCK1 terminals) to the core processing circuit 320.

[0038] The second I2C signal processing circuit 316 is used to input the I2C signal uploaded by the oil temperature sensor 2 (through the SDA2 and SCK2 terminals) and output the I2C signal (SDA2 and SCK2 terminals) to the core processing circuit 320.

[0039] For specific implementation details, see [link / reference] Figure 7c As shown, the first I2C signal processing circuit 315 includes a resistor R46; One end of resistor R46 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal); The other end of resistor R46 is the SDA1 terminal, which is connected to the SDA1 terminal of chip U10 in core processing circuit 320; One end of resistor R47 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal); The other end of resistor R47 is the SCK1 terminal, which is connected to the SCK1 terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320.

[0040] It should be noted that, see Figure 7cAs shown, for the first I2C signal processing circuit 315, SDA1 is the I2C data signal, and SCK1 is the clock signal. One end of resistor R46 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal), and the other end of resistor R46 is connected to SDA1; one end of resistor R47 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal), and the other end is connected to SCK1. Because SDA and SCK need to be kept high when idle, pull-up resistors are needed for SDA1 and SCK1.

[0041] It should be noted that the structure and principle of the second I2C signal processing circuit 316 are basically the same as those of the first I2C signal processing circuit 315. The difference is that: (1) In the second I2C signal processing circuit 316, the other end of the resistor R46 is the SDA2 end, which is connected to the SDA2 end of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320; the other end of the resistor R47 is the SCK2 end, which is connected to the SCK2 end of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320.

[0042] IV. See Figure 8a , Figure 8b As shown, the first UART signal processing circuit 317 is used to input the UART signal uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 (through the RXD-out1 and TXD-out1 terminals) and output the UART signal (through the RXD3 and TXD3 terminals) to the core processing circuit 320, or it is used to input the UART signal uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1 (through the RXD3 and TXD3 terminals) and output the UART signal (through the RXD-out1 and TXD-out1 terminals) to the core processing circuit 320.

[0043] The second UART signal processing circuit 318 is used to input the UART signal uploaded by the oil temperature sensor 2 (through the RXD-out2 and TXD-out2 terminals) and output the UART signal (through the RXD4 and TXD4 terminals) to the core processing circuit 320, or to input the UART signal uploaded by the oil temperature sensor 2 (through the RXD4 and TXD4 terminals) and output the UART signal (through the RXD-out2 and TXD-out2 terminals) to the core processing circuit 320.

[0044] For specific implementation details, see [link / reference] Figure 8c As shown, the first UART signal processing circuit 317 includes an optocoupler U4; The VDD2 terminal of optocoupler U4 is connected to pin 1 (power supply VCC-out1 pin) of the seventh external interface 307. The VDD1 terminal of optocoupler U4 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal); The VIB terminal of optocoupler U4 is connected to pin 2 (TXD-out1 pin) of the seventh external interface 307. The VOA terminal of optocoupler U4 is connected to pin 3 (RXD-out1 pin) of the seventh external interface 307.

[0045] The GND1 and GND2 terminals of optocoupler U4 are grounded to GND; The VOB and VIA terminals of optocoupler U4 are RXD3 and TXD3 terminals, respectively, which are used to connect to the corresponding RXD3 and TXD3 terminals of chip U10 in core processing circuit 320.

[0046] It should be noted that, see Figure 8c As shown, in the first UART signal processing circuit 317, U4 is an optocoupler. The VIB and VOA pins are used to receive the UART signal uploaded by the sensor. Regardless of whether the UART signal is 3.3V or 5V, it can be converted to 3.3V by the optocoupler and then uploaded to the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320. When the VIB pin of U4 receives a high level input, the VOB pin outputs a high level; when the VIB pin receives a low level input, the VOB pin outputs a low level. Similarly, when the VIA pin of U4 receives a high level input, the VOA pin of U4 outputs a high level; when the VIA pin receives a low level input, the VOA pin of U4 outputs a low level.

[0047] It should be noted that the optocoupler U4 is a common eight-pin optocoupler, which is often used in circuit design for signal isolation and transmission. It plays the role of isolating, transmitting and amplifying signals. It is a mature chip with widespread application, and will not be described in detail here.

[0048] It should be noted that the structure and principle of the second UART signal processing circuit 318 are basically the same as those of the first UART signal processing circuit 317. The difference is that: (1) In the second UART signal processing circuit 318, the VDD2 terminal of the optocoupler U4 is connected to the first pin (power supply VCC-out2 pin) of the eighth external interface 308; the VIB terminal of the optocoupler U4 is connected to the third pin (RXD-out2 pin) of the eighth external interface 308. (2) In the second UART signal processing circuit 318, the VOB terminal and VIA terminal of the optocoupler U4 are the RXD4 and TXD4 terminals, respectively, which are used to connect to the RXD4 and TXD4 terminals of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320.

[0049] V. In this invention, the power supply circuit 321 includes an AC220V-DC12V circuit, a DC12V isolation circuit, a DC12V-5V circuit, a first DC12V-3.3V circuit, a second DC12V-3.3V circuit, and a voltage selection circuit. Among them, the AC220V-DC12V circuit is used to supply power to the DC12V isolation circuit, the DC12V-5V circuit, the DC12V-3.3V circuit 1, the DC12V-3.3V circuit 2, the first analog signal measurement circuit 311, and the second analog signal measurement circuit 312. A DC12V isolation circuit powers the oil pressure sensor 1 and temperature sensor 2; a DC12V-5V circuit powers the sensors and the power line carrier circuit 319; a first DC12V-3.3V circuit powers the core processing circuit 320; and a second DC12V-3.3V circuit powers the first 485 signal processing circuit, the second 485 signal processing circuit, the first I2C signal processing circuit, the second I2C signal processing circuit, the first UART signal processing circuit, and the second UART signal processing circuit.

[0050] The following is combined Figures 9a to 9f The circuit design of the AC220V-DC12V circuit, DC12V isolation circuit, DC12V-5V circuit, first DC12V-3.3V circuit, second DC12V-3.3V circuit and voltage selection circuit is described.

[0051] (a) See Figure 9a As shown, the AC220V-DC12V circuit includes an AC to DC power supply module U5. The L terminal of the AC to DC power supply module U5 is connected to the first pin (i.e., the L / PLC+ pin) of the ninth external interface 309 through the inductor L1. The N terminal of the AC to DC power supply module U5 is connected to the second pin (i.e., the N / PLC- pin) of the ninth external interface 309 through inductor L2. The 12V terminal of the AC to DC power module U5 is connected to one end of capacitors C6, C7, and C8 respectively; The 12V terminal of the AC to DC power module U5 is connected to the first DC power terminal 12V-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power terminal). The GND terminal of the AC to DC power module U5 is connected to the other ends of capacitors C6, C7, and C8, respectively. The GND terminal of the AC-to-DC power supply module U5 is grounded to GND.

[0052] It should be noted that in this invention, see Figure 9aAs shown, the AC220V-DC12V circuit converts AC220V voltage to 12V voltage. U5 is a common AC220V AC to DC12V voltage converter. This 12V power is used by operational amplifiers and other chips. Inductors L1 and L2 filter high-frequency power line carrier signals in the power supply, making the power supply of the acquisition unit cleaner. Capacitors C6, C7, and C8 connect the 12V terminal and GND terminal of U5, making the 12V power supply output more stable and reducing noise. The GND terminal of U5 is directly connected to the internal GND of acquisition unit 3, and the 12V terminal of U5 is connected to all circuits that need to be connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1.

[0053] It should be noted that U5 is a common AC220V to DC12V module, such as the Mornsun LD30-23B12R2 DC-DC isolation module, which is a mature and widely used chip, and will not be elaborated on here.

[0054] (ii) See Figure 9b As shown, the first DC12V-3.3V circuit includes a DC voltage regulator chip U6; The VIN pin of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal) in the AC220V-DC12V circuit. The EN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal) in the AC220V-DC12V circuit through resistor R21. The SW terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is connected to one end of the inductor L3; The other end of inductor L3 is connected to one end of resistor R22, capacitor C11 and capacitor C12 respectively; The other end of inductor L3 is also connected to the third DC power supply terminal 3.3V-1 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal); It should be noted that the third DC power supply terminal 3.3V-1 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal) is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2; The other ends of capacitors C11 and C12 are connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U6; The FB terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is connected to the other end of resistor R22 and one end of resistor R23, respectively. The other end of resistor R23 is connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U6; The GND terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is grounded to GND.

[0055] In practice, the VIN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is grounded to GND through capacitor C9; In practice, the SW and CB terminals of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 are connected to the two ends of the capacitor C10, respectively. It should be noted that in this invention, see Figure 9b As shown, the first DC12V-3.3V circuit is used to step down the DC12V voltage to 3.3V for use by the core processing chip (i.e., core processing circuit 320) and other non-communication circuits. U6 is a DC voltage regulator chip. The VIN terminal of U6 is connected to the input power supply 12V-1. Capacitor C9 is used to remove noise in the circuit. The EN terminal of U6 is connected to the input power supply 12V-1 through resistor R21, so that the U6 chip is always in the enabled state. Capacitor C10 is connected between the SW terminal and the CB terminal of U6; resistors R22 and R23 are used to control the output voltage. Capacitor C10 is the capacitor specified in the U6 chip datasheet. Inductor L3, capacitors C11 and C12 are used to filter the output power supply, making the output voltage smoother.

[0056] It should be noted that the DC regulator chip U6 is a DC-DC power supply chip. For example, the LMR51420YDDCR DC-DC power supply chip produced by Texas Instruments (TI) can be used. Its function is to take a 12V DC voltage as input and step down to output a 3.3V DC voltage. It is a mature chip with existing technology and has been widely used, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0057] (III) See Figure 9c The second DC12V-3.3V circuit includes a DC voltage regulator chip U7 and a field-effect transistor Q2; The VIN pin of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal) in the AC220V-DC12V circuit. The EN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal) in the AC220V-DC12V circuit through resistor R26. The drain of the field-effect transistor Q2 is connected to the EN terminal of the DC regulator chip U7 through resistor R26; The gate of the field-effect transistor Q2 is connected to one end of resistors R24 and R25; The source of the field-effect transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of resistor R25; the other end of resistor R25 is grounded (GND). The other end of resistor R24 ​​is the RST1 terminal, which is connected to the RST1 signal terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320 (i.e., the RST1 signal terminal of the processing chip).

[0058] In practice, the SW and CB terminals of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 are connected to the two ends of capacitor C14, respectively. In practice, the SW terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 is connected to one end of the inductor L4; The other end of inductor L4 is connected to one end of resistor R27, capacitor C15 and capacitor C16 respectively; The other end of inductor L4 is also connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal); It should be noted that the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal) can be the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal) in the power line carrier communication processing circuit 319. The other ends of capacitors C15 and C16 are connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U7; The FB terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 is connected to the other end of resistor R27 and one end of resistor R28; The other end of resistor R28 is connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U7; The GND terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 is grounded to GND.

[0059] In practice, the VIN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 is grounded to GND through capacitor C13; In practice, the SW and CB terminals of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 are connected to the two ends of capacitor C14, respectively. It should be noted that in this invention, see Figure 9c As shown, the second DC12V-3.3V circuit is used to step down the DC12V voltage to 3.3V to power the communication circuit (i.e., the power line carrier communication processing circuit 319). The VIN pin of the DC regulator chip U7 is connected to the input power supply 12V-1, and capacitor C13 is used to remove noise in the circuit. Resistors R27 and R28 are used to control the output voltage, capacitor C10 is the capacitor specified in the U7 chip datasheet, and inductor L4, capacitors C15 and C16 are used to filter the output power supply to make the output voltage smoother.

[0060] It should be noted that the DC regulator chip U7 is a DC-DC power supply chip. For example, the LMR51420YDDCR DC-DC power supply chip produced by Texas Instruments (TI) can be used. Its function is to take a 12V DC voltage as input and step down to output a 3.3V DC voltage. It is a mature chip with widespread application, and will not be described in detail here.

[0061] (iv) See Figure 9d As shown, the DC12V-5V circuit includes a DC voltage regulator chip U8 and a field-effect transistor Q3; The VIN pin of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal) in the AC220V-DC12V circuit. The EN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal) in the AC220V-DC12V circuit through resistor R31. The drain of the field-effect transistor Q3 is connected to the EN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 through resistor R31; The gate of the field-effect transistor Q3 is connected to one end of resistors R29 and R30; The source of the field-effect transistor Q3 is connected to the other end of the resistor R30; The other end of resistor R30 is grounded to GND; The other end of resistor R29 is the RST2 terminal, which is connected to the RST2 signal terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320 (i.e., the RST2 signal terminal of the processing chip).

[0062] In practice, the SW and CB terminals of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 are connected to the two ends of the capacitor C18, respectively. In practice, the SW terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is connected to one end of the inductor L5; The other end of inductor L5 is connected to one end of resistor R32, capacitor C19 and capacitor C20 respectively; The other end of inductor L5 is also connected to the fourth DC power supply terminal (i.e., the 5V DC power supply terminal). It should be noted that the fourth DC power supply terminal (i.e., the 5V DC power supply terminal) can be the fourth DC power supply terminal (i.e., the 5V DC power supply terminal) in the power line carrier communication processing circuit 319.

[0063] The other ends of capacitors C19 and C20 are connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U8; The FB terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is connected to the other end of resistor R32 and one end of resistor R33; The other end of resistor R33 is connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U8; The GND terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is grounded to GND.

[0064] In practice, the VIN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is grounded to GND through capacitor C17; In practice, the SW and CB terminals of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 are connected to the two ends of the capacitor C18, respectively. It should be noted that, see Figure 9dAs shown, the DC12V-5V circuit is used to step down the DC12V to 5V for use by the sensor and the power line carrier processing circuit 319. The VIN pin of the DC regulator chip U8 is connected to the input power supply 12V-1, and capacitor C17 is used to remove noise in the circuit. Resistors R32 and R33 are used to control the output voltage, capacitor C18 is the capacitor specified in the U8 chip datasheet, and inductor L5, capacitors C19 and C20 are used to filter the output power supply, making the output voltage smoother.

[0065] It should be noted that the DC regulator chip U8 is a DC-DC power supply chip. For example, the LMR51420YDDCR DC-DC power supply chip produced by Texas Instruments (TI) can be used. Its function is to take a 12V DC voltage as input and step down to output a 5V DC voltage. It is a mature chip with existing technology and has been widely used, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0066] (v) See Figure 9e As shown, the DC12V isolation circuit includes a DC voltage regulator chip U9 and a field-effect transistor Q4; The VIN pin of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal) in the AC220V-DC12V circuit. The EN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal) in the AC220V-DC12V circuit through resistor R36. The drain of the field-effect transistor Q4 is connected to the EN terminal of the DC regulator chip U9 through resistor R36; The gate of the field-effect transistor Q4 is connected to one end of resistors R34 and R35; The source of the field-effect transistor Q4 is connected to the other end of the resistor R35. The other end of resistor R35 is grounded to GND; the other end of resistor R34 is the RST3 terminal, which is connected to the RST3 signal terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit 320 (i.e., the RST3 signal terminal of the processing chip).

[0067] In practice, the SW and CB terminals of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 are connected to the two ends of capacitor C22, respectively. In practice, the SW terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is connected to one end of the inductor L6; The other end of inductor L6 is connected to one end of resistor R37, capacitor C23 and capacitor C24 respectively; The other end of inductor L6 is also connected to the fifth DC power supply terminal 12-2 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal); It should be noted that the fifth DC power supply terminal 12-2 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal) can be connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12-1 (i.e., the 12V DC power supply terminal) in the first analog signal processing circuit 311 and the second analog signal processing circuit 312.

[0068] The other ends of capacitors C23 and C24 are connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U9; The FB terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is connected to the other end of resistor R37 and one end of resistor R38; The other end of resistor R38 is connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U9; The GND terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is grounded to GND.

[0069] In practice, the VIN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is grounded to GND through capacitor C21; In practice, the SW and CB terminals of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 are connected to the two ends of capacitor C22, respectively. It should be noted that, see Figure 9e As shown, the DC 12V isolation circuit is used to isolate the DC 12V power supply for the sensor, the first analog signal processing circuit 311, and the second analog signal processing circuit 312. The VIN pin of the DC regulator chip U8 is connected to the input power supply 12V-1, and capacitor C21 is used to remove noise from the circuit. Resistors R37 and R38 are used to control the output voltage, capacitor C22 is the capacitor specified in the U9 chip datasheet, and inductor L6, capacitors C23 and C24 are used to filter the output power supply, making the output voltage smoother.

[0070] It should be noted that the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is a DC-DC power supply chip. For example, the LMR51420YDDCR DC-DC power supply chip produced by Texas Instruments (TI) can be used. Its function is to input a 12V DC voltage and isolate the output of a 12V DC voltage. It is a mature chip with existing technology and has been widely used, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0071] (vi) See also Figure 9f As shown, the DC12V isolation circuit includes switches K1 and K2; The two input terminals of switch K1 are connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal) and the fourth DC power supply terminal (i.e., the 5V DC power supply terminal), respectively. The input terminal of switch K1 is connected to pin 1 of the seventh external interface 307; The two input terminals of switch K2 are connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal) and the fourth DC power supply terminal (i.e., the 5V DC power supply terminal), respectively. The input terminal of switch K2 is connected to pin 1 of the eighth external interface 308; It should be noted that, see Figure 9f The voltage selection circuit shown uses switches K1 and K2. K1's input is connected to 3.3V-2 and 5V, and its output is connected to VCC-out1 (pin 1 of the seventh external interface 307 is VCC-out1). K2's input is connected to 3.3V-2 and 5V, and its output is connected to VCC-out2 (pin 1 of the eighth external interface is VCC-out2). The function of the voltage selection circuit is to select the voltage output to power the seventh and eighth external interfaces to adapt to the sensor's power supply requirements.

[0072] VI. In this invention, see Figure 10 As shown, the core processing circuit 320 includes chip U10; The VCC terminal of chip U10 is connected to the third DC power supply terminal 3.3V-1 (i.e., the 3.3V DC power supply terminal). Connection; ground the GND terminal of chip U10 to GND; The RXD1 and TXD1 terminals of U10 are connected to the RXD1 and TXD1 terminals of the first 485 signal processing circuit 313, respectively. The RXD2 and TXD2 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the RXD2 and TXD2 terminals of the second 485 signal processing circuit 314, respectively. The RXD3 and TXD3 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the RXD3 and TXD3 terminals of the first UART signal processing circuit 317, respectively. The RXD4 and TXD4 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the RXD4 and TXD4 terminals of the second UART signal processing circuit 318, respectively. The SDA1 and SCK1 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the SDA1 and SCK1 terminals of the first I2C signal processing circuit 315, respectively. The SDA2 and SCK2 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the SDA2 and SCK2 terminals of the second I2C signal processing circuit 316, respectively. The TXD0 and RXD0 pins of chip U10 are connected to the second and third pins of the tenth external interface 310, respectively. The ADC1 terminal of chip U10 is connected to the ADC1 terminal in the first analog signal processing circuit 311; The ADC1 terminal of chip U10 is connected to the ADC2 terminal of the second analog signal processing circuit 312; The TX1P-L, TX1N-L, RX1P-L and RX1N-L terminals of chip U10 are respectively connected to the TX1P-L, TX1N-L, RX1P-L and RX1N-L terminals of power line carrier processing circuit 319.

[0073] In practice, the EN terminal of chip U10 is connected to the RESET terminal of chip U11; The GPIO0 pin of chip U10 is connected to the WDI pin of chip U11; The VCC terminal of U11 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1; the GND terminal of U11 is grounded to GND.

[0074] In specific implementation, the GPIO1 terminal of chip U10 is connected to the RST1 terminal in power supply circuit 320; The GPIO2 pin of chip U10 is connected to the RST2 pin in power supply circuit 320; The GPIO3 pin of chip U10 is connected to the RST3 pin in power supply circuit 320.

[0075] It should be noted that for the core processing circuit 320 of this invention, U10 is the core processing chip, used to process various data uploaded by the sensor. U11 is a watchdog chip, used to recover when the U10 chip crashes. This circuit omits the filter capacitor at the power input terminal of the display chip, the chip clock circuit, and some circuits used for chip startup and configuration (these circuits are conventional circuit designs). RXD0 and TXD0 of U11 are used for debugging this device. RXD1, TXD1, RXD2, TXD2, RXD3, TXD3, RXD4, TXD4, SDA1, SCK1, SDA2, and SCK2 of U11 are used to receive sensor information. RST1, RST2, and RST3 of U11 are used to control the restart of part of the power supply, thereby controlling the restart of the sensor and some chips. The GPIO0 terminal of U11 is used to continuously send PWM waves. At this time, the RESET terminal of U11 always controls the enable of U10. When U10 crashes due to a fault, the PWM wave stops sending, and at this time, RESET sends a restart command to restart U10. The VCC terminal of U11 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1, and the GND terminal of U11 is grounded to GND.

[0076] It should be noted that U10 is a SOC. For example, it can use the MYC-Y6ULX core board produced by Shenzhen Mil Electronics Co., Ltd. Its function is to receive data information from the sensor and convert the information into network signals. It is a mature chip with existing technology that has been widely used, and will not be described in detail here.

[0077] It should be noted that U11 is a common watchdog chip. For example, a chip with a watchdog timer (voltage monitor chip) with model number TPS3828-33DBVR manufactured by Texas Instruments (TI) can be used. Its function is to restart U10 when chip U10 crashes.

[0078] It should be noted that the main function of the core processing circuit 320 is to receive data uploaded by the sensor, convert it into a digital signal, and finally upload the data to other external devices (such as an industrial control computer) via power line carrier signal (i.e., via power line carrier communication processing circuit 319).

[0079] VII. In this invention, see Figure 11a , Figure 11b As shown, the power line carrier communication processing circuit 319 includes a power line carrier module U13; The VCC terminal of U13 is connected to the fourth DC power supply terminal (5V DC power supply terminal); the GND terminal of U13 is grounded to GND. The PLC0+ terminal of U13 is connected to pin 2 of the ninth external interface 309 through resistor R42 and capacitor C27. The PLC0- terminal of U13 is connected to one end of resistor R43; the PLC1+ terminal of U13 is connected to one end of resistor R44. After the other ends of resistors R43 and R44 intersect at the bus, they are connected to pin 1 of the ninth external interface 309 through the other end of capacitor C28. The PLC1- terminal of U13 is connected to pin 3 (i.e. PE pin) of the ninth external interface 309 through resistor R45 and capacitor C29; In specific implementation, the power line carrier communication processing circuit 319 also includes the network port transformer chip U12; The TX+ terminal of U12 is connected to the TX0+ terminal of U13; the TX- terminal of U12 is connected to the TX0- terminal of U13. The RX+ terminal of U12 is connected to the RX0+ terminal of U13; the RX- terminal of U12 is connected to the RX0- terminal of U13. The CT3 and CT4 terminals of U12 are connected to one end of resistors R40 and R41, respectively. The other ends of resistors R40 and R41 are connected to one end of capacitor C26; the other end of capacitor C26 is grounded to GND.

[0080] Furthermore, after the CT1 and CT2 terminals of U12 intersect, they are connected to one end of resistor R39 and one end of capacitor C25; the other end of resistor R39 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2; and the other end of capacitor C25 is grounded to GND.

[0081] Furthermore, the TX1P-L, TX1N-L, RX1P-L, and RX1N-L terminals of U12 are respectively connected to the TX1P-L, TX1N-L, RX1P-L, and RX1N-L terminals of chip U10 in the core processing circuit 320.

[0082] It should be noted that for the power line carrier communication processing circuit 319, the PLC power line carrier is separated from L and N through the power line carrier module U13 and converted into a network signal, and then sent to U10 through the network port transformer U12.

[0083] It should be noted that U13 is a PLC power line carrier module, such as the WD-1200M PLC power line carrier module produced by Kunshan Netcom Technology Co., Ltd.

[0084] It should be noted that U12 is a common network port transformer. The function of U13 and U12 is to convert network signals into power line carrier signals.

[0085] To better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the working principle of the present invention is explained below.

[0086] The AC220V power line carrier cable is connected to the ninth external interface 309 of the data acquisition unit 3. The power supply flows into the power supply circuit 321, which converts the AC220V into the DC voltage required by the data acquisition unit and sensors (3.3V, 5V, and 12V). The power supply circuit provides power to the first analog signal processing circuit 311, the second analog signal processing circuit 312, the first 485 signal processing circuit 313, the second 485 signal processing circuit 314, the first I2C signal processing circuit 315, the second I2C signal processing circuit 316, the first UART signal processing circuit 317, the second UART signal processing circuit 318, the power line carrier processing circuit 319, and the core processing circuit 320 through internal circuits. It also provides power to the oil pressure sensor 1 and the oil temperature sensor 2 through the first external interface 301, the second external interface 302, the third external interface 303, the fourth external interface 304, the fifth external interface 305, the sixth external interface 306, the seventh external interface 307, and the eighth external interface 308. The power line carrier signal is fed into the power line carrier processing circuit 319, which converts the power line carrier signal into a network signal that can be processed by the core processing circuit 320. The network signal of the core processing circuit 320 is converted into a power line carrier signal by the power line carrier processing circuit 319, and then connected to other external devices (such as industrial control computers) through the ninth external interface 309. The external devices (such as industrial control computers) are used to store and display the data uploaded by this device.

[0087] In specific implementation, when the oil pressure sensor 1 is an analog output sensor, it is connected to the first external interface 301 of the data acquisition unit 3. This external interface includes VCC, GND, and a Signal terminal. The VCC and GND terminals are used for powering the sensor, and the Signal terminal is used to receive the analog oil pressure information uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1. The first analog signal processing circuit 311 is an operational amplifier circuit. The analog oil pressure information is converted into an analog signal that can be received by the core processing circuit 320 and then processed by the core processing circuit 320. After processing, the data is sent to an external device (such as an industrial computer) through the ninth external interface 309. The external device (such as the industrial computer) is used to store and display the data uploaded by this device.

[0088] In specific implementation, when the oil temperature sensor 2 is an analog output sensor, it is connected to the second external interface 302 of the data acquisition unit 3. This external interface includes VCC, GND, and a Signal terminal. The VCC and GND terminals are used for powering the sensor, and the Signal terminal is used to receive the analog oil temperature information uploaded by the oil temperature sensor 2. The second analog signal processing circuit 312 is an operational amplifier circuit. The oil pressure analog information is converted into an analog signal that can be received by the core processing circuit 320 and sent to the core processing circuit 320 for processing. After processing, the data is sent to an external device (such as an industrial computer) through the ninth external interface 309. The external device (such as the industrial computer) is used to store and display the data uploaded by this device.

[0089] In specific implementation, when the oil pressure sensor 1 is a 485 output type sensor, it is connected to the third external interface 303 of the data acquisition unit 3. This external interface includes VCC, GND, 485A, and 485B terminals. The VCC and GND terminals are used for powering the sensor, while the 485A and 485B terminals are used to receive the oil pressure information uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1. The first 485 signal processing circuit 313 is a signal conversion circuit that converts the 485 signal into a UART signal for processing by the core processing circuit 320. After processing, the data is sent to an external device (such as an industrial control computer) through the ninth external interface 309. The external device (such as the industrial control computer) is used to store and display the data uploaded by this device.

[0090] In specific implementation, when the oil temperature sensor 2 is a 485 output type sensor, it is connected to the fourth external interface 304 of the data acquisition unit 3. This external interface includes VCC, GND, 485A, and 485B terminals. The VCC and GND terminals are used for powering the sensor, while the 485A and 485B terminals are used to receive the oil temperature information uploaded by the oil temperature sensor 2. The second 485 signal processing circuit 314 is a signal conversion circuit that converts the 485 signal into a UART signal for processing by the core processing circuit 320. After processing, the data is sent to an external device (such as an industrial control computer) through the ninth external interface 309. The external device (such as the industrial control computer) is used to store and display the data uploaded by this device.

[0091] In specific implementation, when the oil pressure sensor 1 is an I2C output type sensor, it is connected to the fifth external interface 305 of the data acquisition unit 3. This external interface includes VCC, GND, SDA, and SCL terminals. The VCC and GND terminals are used for powering the sensor, while the SDA and SCL terminals are used to receive the oil pressure information uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1. The first I2C signal processing circuit 315 is a signal conversion circuit that converts the I2C signal into a UART signal for processing by the core processing circuit 320. After processing, the data is sent to an external device (such as an industrial control computer) through the ninth external interface 309. The external device (such as the industrial control computer) is used to store and display the data uploaded by this device.

[0092] In specific implementation, when the oil temperature sensor 2 is an I2C output type sensor, it is connected to the sixth external interface 306 of the data acquisition unit 3. This external interface includes VCC, GND, SDA, and SCL terminals. The VCC and GND terminals are used for powering the sensor, while the SDA and SCL terminals are used to receive the oil temperature information uploaded by the oil temperature sensor 2. The second I2C signal processing circuit 316 is a signal conversion circuit that converts the I2C signal into a UART signal for processing by the core processing circuit 320. After processing, the data is sent to an external device (such as an industrial control computer) through the ninth external interface 309. The external device (such as the industrial control computer) is used to store and display the data uploaded by this device.

[0093] In specific implementation, when the oil pressure sensor 1 is a UART output type sensor, it is connected to the fifth external interface 305 of the data acquisition unit 3. This external interface includes VCC, GND, RXD, and TXD terminals. The VCC and GND terminals are used for powering the sensor, while the RXD and TXD terminals are used to receive the oil pressure information uploaded by the oil pressure sensor 1. The first UART signal processing circuit 317 is a signal isolation circuit. There are two types of UART signals: a 3.3V signal and a 5V signal, which are isolated by optocouplers to ensure signal compatibility. The core processing circuit 320 directly receives and processes the UART signal. After processing, it sends the data to an external device (such as an industrial computer) through the ninth external interface 309. The external device (such as the industrial computer) is used to store and display the data uploaded by this device.

[0094] In specific implementation, when the oil temperature sensor 2 is a UART output type sensor, it is connected to the sixth external interface 306 of the data acquisition unit 3. This external interface includes VCC, GND, RXD, and TXD terminals. The VCC and GND terminals are used for powering the sensor, while the RXD and TXD terminals are used to receive the oil temperature information uploaded by the oil temperature sensor 2. The second UART signal processing circuit 318 is a signal isolation circuit. There are two types of UART signals: a 3.3V signal and a 5V signal, which are isolated by optocouplers to ensure signal compatibility. The core processing circuit 320 directly receives and processes the UART signal. After processing, the data is sent to an external device (such as an industrial computer) through the ninth external interface 309. The external device (such as the industrial computer) is used to store and display the data uploaded by this device.

[0095] In this invention, the tenth external interface 310 is a debugging interface used for debugging the acquisition unit. The purpose of setting up an external debugging interface is to facilitate debugging of the acquisition unit without disassembling the acquisition unit casing, and to facilitate rapid debugging when there is no time or it is not possible to disassemble the casing.

[0096] It should be noted that the device of this invention has a communication self-recovery function. This device has multiple built-in self-recovery chips, which can restart the device in the event of a system crash for any reason. The core processing chip U10 of the core processing circuit 320 is connected to an external self-recovery monitoring chip and also has an internal watchdog function. When the core processing chip of the processing unit crashes, the internal watchdog executes first, and the core processing chip restarts; if the watchdog execution fails, the external self-recovery monitoring chip forcibly controls the core chip of the processing unit to restart.

[0097] It should be noted that in this invention, each communication circuit also has a self-recovery function. When a communication circuit loses communication, the core processing circuit 320 will forcibly restart the corresponding communication circuit.

[0098] It should be noted that, in this invention, the device can serve as either a monitoring device or a feedback device for a control system. If used as a monitoring device, it can form a more detailed monitoring system together with other monitoring devices for the vehicle reducer. If used as feedback for the control system, it can better assist the control system in controlling the vehicle reducer.

[0099] By applying this invention, the device has multiple interfaces, making it compatible with most oil pressure and oil temperature sensors on the market. The device uses only two wires for external communication and power supply, making installation convenient and maintenance simple.

[0100] Given that the viscosity of hydraulic oil varies at different temperatures, its braking effect on vehicle reducers also varies. Higher temperatures result in higher fluidity and less viscosity of the hydraulic oil, generally leading to better braking performance from the vehicle reducer; conversely, lower temperatures result in lower fluidity and greater viscosity of the hydraulic oil, typically leading to poorer braking performance. By applying this invention to monitor the oil temperature and braking pressure of vehicle reducers, better reducer maintenance can be achieved, providing electrical engineers with more reliable information support.

[0101] In summary, compared with existing technologies, this invention is scientifically designed and can safely and reliably monitor the brake oil pressure and temperature of vehicle reducers, providing better feedback on the braking status of vehicle reducers and facilitating maintenance of vehicle reducer equipment by electrical personnel.

[0102] After testing, the device of this invention, with its strong anti-interference capability, high safety, and stable output signal, can be reliably applied to vehicle decelerator monitoring equipment in the railway industry. Furthermore, the circuit of this invention can further realize functions such as external communication and fault self-starting, with high accuracy, and has significant practical value.

[0103] In this invention, specifically, the vehicle reducer used in the monitoring device is a mature and widely applied electro-hydraulic vehicle reducer. For example, the electro-hydraulic vehicle reducer with model T.JY5 produced by Tianjin Railway Signal Co., Ltd. can be used. Its function is to generate corresponding braking force through hydraulic and mechanical transmission to achieve effective braking of the commutated vehicles.

[0104] Based on the monitoring device provided by the present invention described above, the present invention also provides a vehicle speed reducer, which includes the monitoring device as described above.

[0105] It should be noted that the vehicle reducer with the monitoring device described above provided by the present invention can be a vehicle reducer obtained by improving (i.e. adding a monitoring device) an existing mature and widely used electro-hydraulic vehicle reducer (such as the electro-hydraulic vehicle reducer of model T.JY5 produced by Tianjin Railway Signal Co., Ltd.).

[0106] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring device, characterized in that, It includes an oil pressure sensor (1), a temperature sensor (2), and a data acquisition unit (3); The oil pressure sensor (1) is used to collect the oil pressure in the hydraulic station originally matched with the vehicle reducer and then send it to the data collection unit (3). Temperature sensor (2) is used to collect the oil temperature in the hydraulic station originally matched with the vehicle reducer and then send it to the acquisition unit (3). The data acquisition unit (3) is connected to the oil pressure sensor (1) and the temperature sensor (2) respectively, and is used to receive the oil pressure data uploaded by the oil pressure sensor (1) and the oil temperature data uploaded by the temperature sensor (2), and then upload them to an external computer. The data acquisition unit (3) includes multiple external interfaces, multiple signal processing circuits, a power line carrier processing circuit (319), a core processing circuit (320), and a power supply circuit (321). Multiple external interfaces are respectively connected to multiple signal processing circuits, power line carrier processing circuit (319) and core processing circuit (320); Multiple signal processing circuits are connected to the core processing circuit (320); The core processing circuit (320) is connected to the power line carrier processing circuit (319); The power supply circuit (321) is connected to multiple external interfaces, multiple signal processing circuits, power line carrier processing circuit (319), and core processing circuit (320), respectively.

2. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Multiple external interfaces, specifically including: a first external interface unit (301), a second external interface (302), a third external interface (303), a fourth external interface (304), a fifth external interface (305), a sixth external interface (306), a seventh external interface (307), an eighth external interface (308), a ninth external interface (309), and a tenth external interface (310). Among them, the first external interface (301), the second external interface (302), the third external interface (303), the fourth external interface (304), the fifth external interface (305), the sixth external interface (306), the seventh external interface (307), the eighth external interface (308) and the tenth external interface (310) are all four-pin aviation sockets; Among them, the ninth external interface (309) is a three-pin aviation socket; Multiple signal processing circuits, including two analog signal processing circuits, two 485 signal processing circuits, two I2C signal processing circuits, and two UART signal processing circuits; The two analog signal processing circuits specifically include: a first analog signal processing circuit (311) and a second analog signal processing circuit (312), which are respectively connected to the first external interface (301) and the second external interface (302); Two 485 signal processing circuits are specifically included: a first 485 signal processing circuit (313) and a second 485 signal processing circuit (314), which are respectively connected to the third external interface (303) and the fourth external interface (304); Two I2C signal processing circuits are included, specifically: a first I2C signal processing circuit (315) and a second I2C signal processing circuit (316), which are respectively connected to the fifth external interface (305) and the sixth external interface (306); The two UART signal processing circuits specifically include: a first UART signal processing circuit (317) and a second UART signal processing circuit (318), which are respectively connected to the seventh external interface (307) and the eighth external interface (308); The ninth external interface (309) is connected to the core processing circuit (320) via the power line carrier communication processing circuit (313); The core processing circuit (320) is connected to the tenth external interface (310).

3. The monitoring device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first analog signal processing circuit (311) in the acquisition unit (3) includes the U1 chip; The U1 chip includes two operational amplifiers, U1A and U1B; The VCC terminal of the U1 chip is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1; The GND terminal of the U1 chip is connected to GND; The non-inverting input of operational amplifier U1A is connected to one end of resistors R2 and R4, respectively. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to GND; The other end of resistor R2 is connected to one end of resistor R1 and the second pin of the first external interface (301); The inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1A is connected to one end of resistor R3 and one end of resistor R5, respectively. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to GND; The inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1A is also connected to the output terminal out of operational amplifier U1A through resistors R5 and R6; The output terminal OUT of operational amplifier U1A is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1B through resistor R7; The non-inverting input of operational amplifier U1B is connected to GND through resistor R8; The inverting input of operational amplifier U1B is connected to GND through resistor R10; The inverting input terminal of operational amplifier U1B is also connected to the output terminal out of operational amplifier U1B through resistor R9; The output terminal out of the operational amplifier U1B is the ADC1 terminal, which is connected to the ADC1 terminal of the chip U10 in the core processing circuit (320); And / or, The first 485 signal processing circuit (313) in the acquisition unit (3) includes a U2 chip; The R terminal of the U2 chip is the RXD1 terminal, which is connected to the RXD1 terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit (320) and one end of the resistor R14. The other end of resistor R14 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2; The RE and DE terminals of the U2 chip are connected; The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the DE terminal of chip U2; The emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to GND; The base of transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R12; The DE terminal of the U2 chip is connected to one end of resistor R13; The other end of resistor R13 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2; The second DC power supply terminal, 3.3V-2, is connected to one end of resistor R11; The other end of resistor R11 is the TXD1 terminal, which is connected to the TXD1 terminal of chip U10 in the core processing circuit (320); The D terminal of the U2 chip is connected to GND; The VCC terminal of the U2 chip is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2; The A terminal of the U2 chip is connected to pin 2 of the third external interface (303). The B terminal of the U2 chip is connected to the third pin of the third external interface (303); The GND terminal of the U2 chip is connected to GND; The VCC terminal of the U2 chip is connected to one end of resistor R15; The other end of resistor R15 is connected to terminal A of chip U2; Terminal A of the U2 chip is connected to one end of resistor R16; The other end of resistor R16 is connected to terminal B of chip U2; Terminal B of the U2 chip is connected to one end of resistor R17; The other end of resistor R17 is connected to the GND terminal.

4. The monitoring device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first I2C signal processing circuit (315) in the acquisition unit (3) includes resistor R46; One end of resistor R46 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2; The other end of resistor R46 is the SDA1 terminal, which is connected to the SDA1 terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit (320); One end of resistor R47 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2; The other end of resistor R47 is the SCK1 terminal, which is connected to the SCK1 terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit (320); And / or, The first UART signal processing circuit 317 in the acquisition unit (3) includes an optocoupler U4; The VDD2 terminal of optocoupler U4 is connected to pin 1 of the seventh external interface (307); The VDD1 terminal of optocoupler U4 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2; The VIB terminal of optocoupler U4 is connected to pin 2 of the seventh external interface (307); The VOA terminal of optocoupler U4 is connected to pin 3 of the seventh external interface (307); The GND1 and GND2 terminals of optocoupler U4 are grounded to GND; The VOB and VIA terminals of the optocoupler U4 are RXD3 and TXD3 terminals, respectively, which are used to connect to the corresponding RXD3 and TXD3 terminals of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit (320).

5. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply circuit (321) includes an AC220V-DC12V circuit, a DC12V isolation circuit, a DC12V-5V circuit, a first DC12V-3.3V circuit, a second DC12V-3.3V circuit, and a voltage selection circuit; AC220V-DC12V circuit, including AC to DC power supply module U5; The L terminal of the AC to DC power supply module U5 is connected to the first pin of the ninth external interface (309) through inductor L1; The N terminal of the AC to DC power module U5 is connected to pin 2 of the ninth external interface 309 through inductor L2; The 12V terminal of the AC to DC power module U5 is connected to one end of capacitors C6, C7, and C8 respectively; The 12V terminal of the AC to DC power module U5 is connected to the first DC power terminal 12V-1; The GND terminal of the AC to DC power module U5 is connected to the other ends of capacitors C6, C7, and C8, respectively. The GND terminal of the AC-to-DC power supply module U5 is grounded to GND.

6. The monitoring device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The first DC12V-3.3V circuit includes the DC voltage regulator chip U6; The VIN pin of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 in the AC220V-DC12V circuit. The EN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 in the AC220V-DC12V circuit through resistor R21. The SW terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is connected to one end of the inductor L3; The other end of inductor L3 is connected to one end of resistor R22, capacitor C11 and capacitor C12 respectively; The other end of inductor L3 is also connected to the third DC power supply terminal 3.3V-1; The other ends of capacitors C11 and C12 are connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U6; The FB terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is connected to the other end of resistor R22 and one end of resistor R23, respectively. The other end of resistor R23 is connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U6; The GND terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is grounded to GND; The VIN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is grounded to GND through capacitor C9; The SW and CB terminals of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 are connected to the two ends of capacitor C10, respectively. And / or, The second DC12V-3.3V circuit includes a DC voltage regulator chip U7 and a field-effect transistor Q2; The VIN pin of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 in the AC220V-DC12V circuit. The EN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U6 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 in the AC220V-DC12V circuit through resistor R26. The drain of the field-effect transistor Q2 is connected to the EN terminal of the DC regulator chip U7 through resistor R26; The gate of the field-effect transistor Q2 is connected to one end of resistors R24 and R25; The source of the field-effect transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the resistor R25. The other end of resistor R25 is grounded (GND). The other end of resistor R24 ​​is the RST1 terminal, which is connected to the RST1 signal terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit (320); The SW and CB terminals of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 are connected to the two ends of capacitor C14, respectively. The SW terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 is connected to one end of the inductor L4; The other end of inductor L4 is connected to one end of resistor R27, capacitor C15 and capacitor C16 respectively; The other end of inductor L4 is also connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2; The other ends of capacitors C15 and C16 are connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U7; The FB terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 is connected to the other end of resistor R27 and one end of resistor R28; The other end of resistor R28 is connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U7; The GND terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U7 is grounded (GND). And / or, The DC12V-5V circuit includes a DC voltage regulator chip U8 and a field-effect transistor Q3. The VIN pin of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 in the AC220V-DC12V circuit. The EN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 in the AC220V-DC12V circuit through resistor R31. The drain of the field-effect transistor Q3 is connected to the EN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 through resistor R31; The gate of the field-effect transistor Q3 is connected to one end of resistors R29 and R30; The source of the field-effect transistor Q3 is connected to the other end of the resistor R30; The other end of resistor R30 is grounded to GND; The other end of resistor R29 is the RST2 terminal, which is connected to the RST2 signal terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit (320); The SW and CB terminals of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 are connected to the two ends of capacitor C18, respectively. The SW terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is connected to one end of the inductor L5; The other end of inductor L5 is connected to one end of resistor R32, capacitor C19 and capacitor C20 respectively; The other end of inductor L5 is also connected to the fourth DC power supply terminal; The other ends of capacitors C19 and C20 are connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U8; The FB terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is connected to the other end of resistor R32 and one end of resistor R33; The other end of resistor R33 is connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U8; The GND terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U8 is grounded to GND; And / or, The DC12V isolation circuit includes a DC voltage regulator chip U9 and a field-effect transistor Q4. The VIN pin of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 in the AC220V-DC12V circuit. The EN terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1 in the AC220V-DC12V circuit through resistor R36. The drain of the field-effect transistor Q4 is connected to the EN terminal of the DC regulator chip U9 through resistor R36; The gate of the field-effect transistor Q4 is connected to one end of resistors R34 and R35; The source of the field-effect transistor Q4 is connected to the other end of the resistor R35. The other end of resistor R35 is grounded to GND; The other end of resistor R34 is the RST3 terminal, which is connected to the RST3 signal terminal of the U10 chip in the core processing circuit (320); The SW terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is connected to one end of the inductor L6; The other end of inductor L6 is connected to one end of resistor R37, capacitor C23 and capacitor C24 respectively; The other end of inductor L6 is also connected to the fifth DC power supply terminal 12-2; The other ends of capacitors C23 and C24 are connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U9; The FB terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is connected to the other end of resistor R37 and one end of resistor R38; The other end of resistor R38 is connected to the GND terminal of DC voltage regulator chip U9; The GND terminal of the DC voltage regulator chip U9 is grounded to GND.

7. The monitoring device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, DC12V isolation circuit, including switches K1 and K2; The two input terminals of switch K1 are connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 respectively; The input terminal of switch K1 is connected to pin 1 of the seventh external interface (307); The two input terminals of switch K2 are connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2 respectively; The input terminal of switch K2 is connected to pin 1 of the eighth external interface (308).

8. The monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The core processing circuit (320) in the data acquisition unit includes chip U10; The VCC terminal of chip U10 is connected to the third DC power supply terminal 3.3V-1; The GND terminal of chip U10 is grounded to GND; The RXD1 and TXD1 terminals of U10 are connected to the RXD1 and TXD1 terminals of the first 485 signal processing circuit (313), respectively. The RXD2 and TXD2 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the RXD2 and TXD2 terminals of the second 485 signal processing circuit (314), respectively. The RXD3 and TXD3 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the RXD3 and TXD3 terminals of the first UART signal processing circuit (317), respectively. The RXD4 and TXD4 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the RXD4 and TXD4 terminals of the second UART signal processing circuit (318), respectively. The SDA1 and SCK1 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the SDA1 and SCK1 terminals of the first I2C signal processing circuit (315), respectively. The SDA2 and SCK2 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the SDA2 and SCK2 terminals of the second I2C signal processing circuit (316), respectively. The TXD0 and RXD0 terminals of chip U10 are connected to the second and third pins of the tenth external interface (310), respectively. The ADC1 terminal of chip U10 is connected to the ADC1 terminal in the first analog signal processing circuit (311); The ADC1 terminal of chip U10 is connected to the ADC2 terminal of the second analog signal processing circuit (312); The TX1P-L, TX1N-L, RX1P-L and RX1N-L terminals of chip U10 are respectively connected to the TX1P-L, TX1N-L, RX1P-L and RX1N-L terminals of power line carrier processing circuit 319. The EN terminal of chip U10 is connected to the RESET terminal of chip U11; The GPIO0 pin of chip U10 is connected to the WDI pin of chip U11; The VCC terminal of U11 is connected to the first DC power supply terminal 12V-1; U11's GND terminal is grounded to GND; The GPIO1 terminal of chip U10 is connected to the RST1 terminal in the power supply circuit (320); The GPIO2 pin of chip U10 is connected to the RST2 pin in the power supply circuit (320); The GPIO3 terminal of chip U10 is connected to the RST3 terminal in the power supply circuit (320).

9. The monitoring device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power line carrier communication processing circuit (319) in the acquisition unit includes a power line carrier module U13; The VCC terminal of U13 is connected to the fourth DC power supply terminal. U13's GND terminal is grounded to GND; The PLC0+ terminal of U13 is connected to the second pin of the ninth external interface (309) through resistor R42 and capacitor C27; The PLC0- terminal of U13 is connected to one end of resistor R43. The PLC1+ terminal of U13 is connected to one end of resistor R44; After the other ends of resistors R43 and R44 intersect at the bus, they are connected to pin 1 of the ninth external interface (309) through the other end of capacitor C28. The PLC1- terminal of U13 is connected to pin 3 of the ninth external interface (309) via resistor R45 and capacitor C29; The power line carrier communication processing circuit 319 also includes a network port transformer chip U12; The TX+ terminal of U12 is connected to the TX0+ terminal of U13; The TX- terminal of U12 is connected to the TX0- terminal of U13; The RX+ terminal of U12 is connected to the RX0+ terminal of U13; The RX- terminal of U12 is connected to the RX0- terminal of U13; The CT3 and CT4 terminals of U12 are connected to one end of resistors R40 and R41, respectively. The other ends of resistors R40 and R41 are connected to one end of capacitor C26; The other end of capacitor C26 is grounded to GND; After the busbars intersect, the CT1 and CT2 terminals of U12 are connected to one end of resistor R39 and one end of capacitor C25. The other end of resistor R39 is connected to the second DC power supply terminal 3.3V-2; The other end of capacitor C25 is grounded to GND; The TX1P-L, TX1N-L, RX1P-L and RX1N-L terminals of U12 are respectively connected to the TX1P-L, TX1N-L, RX1P-L and RX1N-L terminals of chip U10 in the core processing circuit (320).

10. A vehicle speed reducer, characterized in that, Includes the monitoring device as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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