Combustion engine and fuel cell composite intake and exhaust system and control method

Abstract

The invention provides an internal combustion engine and fuel cell composite air intake and exhaust system and a control method, and relates to the technical field of energy multi-stage utilization and efficient power system integration. The system comprises three passages: an exhaust port of a fuel cell is connected with an air intake passage of a turbocharging mechanism, and a fifth regulating valve is arranged between the exhaust port and the air intake passage of the turbocharging mechanism; the control module is used for controlling gas pressure and flow of fuel cell exhaust entering the turbocharging mechanism; an outlet of the fuel cell air compressor is connected with an air inlet channel of the turbocharging mechanism, and a sixth adjusting valve is arranged between the outlet and the air inlet channel and used for controlling the pressure and flow of compressed air entering the turbocharging mechanism; and a thirteenth regulating valve is arranged between the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine body and the air inlet passage of the turbocharging mechanism and is used for controlling the pressure and flow of gas entering the turbocharging mechanism from the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine body. Efficient coupling utilization of intake and exhaust energy of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell is achieved, the energy utilization efficiency of the system is improved, and the transient response characteristics of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy multi-stage utilization and high-efficiency power system integration technology, specifically to a combined intake and exhaust system and control method for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] As important power devices, internal combustion engines and fuel cells have significant implications for energy conservation, environmental protection, and the economy due to their energy utilization efficiency and emission characteristics. During the operation of an internal combustion engine, the energy released by the fuel is mostly lost to the environment in the form of exhaust gas, except for a portion that is output as effective work through the crankshaft, which is not effectively recovered and utilized. At the same time, fuel cells need to consume a certain amount of compression work to meet intake requirements during operation, and the system's transient response capability and energy utilization efficiency still need to be improved.

[0003] To address these issues, turbocharging or electric-assisted turbocharging technologies are typically introduced into the intake and exhaust systems of internal combustion engines and fuel cells to improve power and efficiency. However, these systems often operate independently, lacking effective coordination between intake and exhaust energy. Consequently, the fuel cell stack pressure and the exhaust energy of the internal combustion engine cannot be fully utilized, making it impossible to achieve efficient utilization of intake and exhaust energy. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a combined intake and exhaust system and control method for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell. Through the coordinated control of the fuel cell air compressor, turbocharger, and multi-valve passages, the system achieves efficient coupling and utilization of intake and exhaust energy from the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell, thereby improving system energy utilization efficiency and enhancing the transient response characteristics of both the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell.

[0005] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A combined intake and exhaust system for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, comprising an internal combustion engine equipped with a turbocharger and a fuel cell equipped with a fuel cell air compressor, characterized in that it includes three passages: First passage: The exhaust port of the fuel cell is connected to the intake passage of the turbocharger, and a fifth regulating valve is provided between them to control the gas pressure and flow rate of the fuel cell exhaust entering the turbocharger. Second passage: The outlet of the fuel cell air compressor is connected to the intake passage of the turbocharger, and a sixth regulating valve is provided between them to control the gas pressure and flow rate of compressed air entering the turbocharger. The third passage: The exhaust port of the internal combustion engine is connected to the intake passage of the turbocharger, and a thirteenth regulating valve is installed between them to control the gas pressure and flow rate of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine entering the turbocharger.

[0006] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for combined intake and exhaust control of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell includes: When the fifth regulating valve is open and the sixth regulating valve, bypass valve, thirteenth regulating valve and fourteenth regulating valve are closed, compressed air enters the fuel cell through the fuel cell air compressor and then enters the compressor intake passage. The internal combustion engine and fuel cell work in a combined operation mode. When the internal combustion engine is under-boosted, the fifth and sixth regulating valves open, while the bypass valve, the thirteenth regulating valve, and the fourteenth regulating valve close, relying on the electric auxiliary boost from the fuel cell air compressor to provide more air to the internal combustion engine body. When the internal combustion engine is under over-boosted conditions, the fifth and fourteenth regulating valves open, and the sixth, bypass, and thirteenth regulating valves, relying on the turbocharger mechanism of the internal combustion engine, provide more air to the fuel cell.

[0007] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned combined intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell.

[0008] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the aforementioned combined intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell.

[0009] According to some embodiments, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An electronic device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program; wherein the processor is connected to the memory, the computer program is stored in the memory, and when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to enable the electronic device to implement the aforementioned combined intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: By combining the fuel cell air compressor, electric motor drive, internal combustion engine turbocharger, and exhaust gas recirculation, the intake and exhaust modes can be switched according to the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine and fuel cell. The fuel cell stack pressure and internal combustion engine exhaust energy are recycled, improving the energy utilization efficiency and transient response characteristics of the internal combustion engine and fuel cell, and achieving efficient utilization of intake and exhaust energy.

[0011] By coordinating the control of the regulating valve and the bypass valve, and by adjusting the output power of the fuel cell air compressor motor, efficient boosting of the internal combustion engine, exhaust gas recirculation, and optimized allocation of fuel cell compression energy consumption can be achieved under different operating conditions. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has a reasonable structure and flexible control, which can make full use of the fuel cell stack pressure and the exhaust energy of the internal combustion engine, improve the intake efficiency of the internal combustion engine and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, while reducing the compression power consumption of the fuel cell air compressor, thereby improving the overall system energy efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0012] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a system structure diagram of Example 1. Among them, 1-fuel cell air compressor, 2-motor, 3 / 7 / 10-intercooler, 4-fuel cell, 5 / 6 / 13 / 14-regulating valve, 8-compressor, 9-turbine, 11-bypass valve, 12-internal combustion engine body. Detailed Implementation

[0014] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0015] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0016] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0017] Example 1 One embodiment of the present invention provides a combined intake and exhaust system for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, comprising an internal combustion engine equipped with a turbocharger and a fuel cell equipped with a fuel cell air compressor, characterized in that it includes three pathways: First passage: The exhaust port of the fuel cell is connected to the intake passage of the turbocharger, and a fifth regulating valve is provided between them to control the gas pressure and flow rate of the fuel cell exhaust entering the turbocharger. Second passage: The outlet of the fuel cell air compressor is connected to the intake passage of the turbocharger, and a sixth regulating valve is provided between them to control the gas pressure and flow rate of compressed air entering the turbocharger. The third passage: The exhaust port of the internal combustion engine is connected to the intake passage of the turbocharger, and a thirteenth regulating valve is installed between them to control the gas pressure and flow rate of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine entering the turbocharger.

[0018] As one embodiment, the present invention provides a combined intake and exhaust system for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell. Through the coordinated control of the fuel cell air compressor, turbocharger, and multi-valve passages, it achieves efficient coupling and utilization of intake and exhaust energy between the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell, improves system energy utilization efficiency, and enhances the transient response characteristics of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell. The specific implementation process is described below: like Figure 1 As shown, the internal combustion engine block 12 is equipped with a turbocharger mechanism, which includes a turbine 9 and a compressor 8. The compressor 8 is connected to the turbine 9, and a turbine bypass valve 11 is provided in front of the turbine 9. The fuel cell 4 is equipped with a fuel cell air compressor 1, which is driven by a motor 2 and has an adjustable output power. The inlet of the fuel cell air compressor 1 is used to draw in ambient air, and the outlet of the fuel cell air compressor 1 is connected to the intake passage of the fuel cell 4 and the intake passage of the compressor 8 through a sixth regulating valve 6. Both the intake port of the internal combustion engine block 12 and the intake port of the fuel cell are equipped with intercoolers 3 / 7 / 10. Because the gas in the intake passage of the compressor 8 is mixed and transported from different gas sources in several different working modes, it is also called the intake mixing passage.

[0019] The bypass valve 11 is used to adjust the output power of the turbine 9 and the exhaust back pressure of the internal combustion engine body 12 to ensure the operation requirements of the internal combustion engine, while keeping the gas pressure entering the compressor 8 within a reasonable range to meet the flow direction of the corresponding gas when the valve is opened under different operating conditions.

[0020] Multiple pathways connect the intake and exhaust systems of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell, including: The first passage connects the exhaust port of the fuel cell 4 to the intake mixing passage of the compressor 8, with a fifth regulating valve 5 between them, used to control the pressure and flow rate of the exhaust from the fuel cell 4 entering the intake passage of the compressor 8.

[0021] The second passage connects the outlet of the fuel cell air compressor 1 to the intake mixing passage of the compressor 8, with a sixth regulating valve 6 between them, used to control the gas pressure and flow rate of the compressed air from the fuel cell air compressor 1 entering the compressor 8.

[0022] The third passage connects the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine body 12 with the intake mixing passage of the compressor 8, and a thirteenth regulating valve 13 is provided between them. This valve controls the exhaust gas in front of the internal combustion engine turbine 9 to flow back to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine body 12 via the compressor 8. In other words, the gas discharged from the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine body 12 enters the turbine and drives the turbocharger mechanism to pressurize the gas at the intake port of the internal combustion engine body 12.

[0023] The fourth passage connects the exhaust port of the compressor 8 to the intake port of the fuel cell 4, with a fourteenth regulating valve 14 between them. This valve controls the pressure and flow rate of the compressed air from the compressor 8 entering the fuel cell 4. In other words, the compressor 8 compresses the gas before it enters the internal combustion engine body 12. By opening and closing the fourteenth regulating valve 14, the intake air of the fuel cell 4 and the intake air of the internal combustion engine body 12 can be pressurized.

[0024] Example 2 One embodiment of the present invention provides a combined intake and exhaust control method for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, comprising: When the fifth regulating valve 5 is open and the sixth regulating valve 6, bypass valve 11, thirteenth regulating valve 13 and fourteenth regulating valve 14 are closed, ambient air enters the fuel cell 4 through the fuel cell air compressor 1 and then enters the intake passage of the compressor 8. The internal combustion engine body 12 and the fuel cell 4 operate in a combined operation mode. When the internal combustion engine is under-boosted, the fifth regulating valve 5 and the sixth regulating valve 6 are opened, while the bypass valve 11, the thirteenth regulating valve 13 and the fourteenth regulating valve 14 are closed. The internal combustion engine body 12 is supplied with more air by the electric auxiliary boost of the fuel cell air compressor 1, thereby increasing the intake air volume of the internal combustion engine body 12 and improving the transient response characteristics. When the internal combustion engine body 12 is under over-boost conditions, the fifth regulating valve 5 and the fourteenth regulating valve 14 are opened, while the sixth regulating valve 6, the bypass valve 11 and the thirteenth regulating valve 13 are closed. The turbocharger mechanism of the internal combustion engine body 12 provides more air to the fuel cell, reducing the power consumption of the electric booster auxiliary power of the fuel cell air compressor 1. When the internal combustion engine is under-boosted, the fifth regulating valve 5 is fully open or partially open, the thirteenth regulating valve 13 is open, and the sixth regulating valve 6, bypass valve 11 and fourteenth regulating valve 14 are closed. The exhaust energy of the fuel cell 4 and the exhaust gas in front of the internal combustion engine turbine 9 are returned to the internal combustion engine body 12 through the compressor 8 to supply air, thereby improving the intake volume and transient response of the internal combustion engine. In the above operating conditions, the bypass valve 11 is used to adjust the output power of the turbine 9 and the exhaust back pressure of the internal combustion engine body 12 to ensure the operation requirements of the internal combustion engine, while keeping the gas pressure entering the compressor 8 within a reasonable range to meet the flow direction of the corresponding gas when the valve is opened in the above operating conditions.

[0025] Driven by the motor 2, the fuel cell air compressor 1 can operate in auxiliary boost mode or energy regulation mode by adjusting the output power of the motor to ensure the intake air demand of the fuel cell and reduce the compression power consumption of the fuel cell air compressor 1.

[0026] The auxiliary boosting mode or energy regulation mode is as follows: Because the internal combustion engine and fuel cell combined intake and exhaust system is a combined intake and exhaust system, the fuel cell air compressor 1 operates in the auxiliary boosting mode in each working mode. As long as the fifth regulating valve 5 is in the open state, there will definitely be gas discharged from the fuel cell 4 entering the compressor 8 for auxiliary boosting. Moreover, once there is auxiliary boosting, there will definitely be energy regulation. The overall energy of the system can be adjusted by adjusting the output power of the motor 2 of the fuel cell air compressor 1.

[0027] Example 3 One embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the aforementioned combined intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell.

[0028] Example 4 In one embodiment of the present invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the aforementioned combined intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell.

[0029] Example 5 One embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, and a computer program; wherein the processor is connected to the memory, the computer program is stored in the memory, and when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to enable the electronic device to implement the aforementioned internal combustion engine and fuel cell combined intake and exhaust system.

[0030] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0031] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0032] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort based on the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A combined intake and exhaust system for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, comprising an internal combustion engine equipped with a turbocharger and a fuel cell equipped with a fuel cell air compressor, characterized in that, Set up three pathways: First passage: The exhaust port of the fuel cell is connected to the intake passage of the turbocharger, and a fifth regulating valve is provided between them to control the gas pressure and flow rate of the fuel cell exhaust entering the turbocharger. Second passage: The outlet of the fuel cell air compressor is connected to the intake passage of the turbocharger, and a sixth regulating valve is provided between them to control the gas pressure and flow rate of compressed air entering the turbocharger. The third passage: The exhaust port of the internal combustion engine is connected to the intake passage of the turbocharger, and a thirteenth regulating valve is installed between them to control the gas pressure and flow rate of the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine entering the turbocharger.

2. The combined intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The turbocharger mechanism includes a compressor and a turbine. The compressor is connected to the turbine, and a bypass valve for adjusting the turbine output power and the exhaust back pressure of the internal combustion engine is provided in front of the turbine.

3. The combined intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel cell air compressor is driven by a motor with adjustable output power. The inlet of the fuel cell air compressor is used to draw in ambient air, and its outlet is connected to the intake passage of the fuel cell and the intake passage of the turbocharger mechanism, respectively.

4. The combined intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The compressor's exhaust port is connected to the fuel cell's inlet, and a fourteenth regulating valve is provided between them to control the gas pressure and flow rate of the compressed air from the compressor entering the fuel cell.

5. The combined intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The fuel cell inlet, the internal combustion engine inlet, and the compressor outlet are all equipped with intercoolers.

6. A method for combined intake and exhaust control of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, characterized in that, For controlling a combined intake and exhaust system of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell as described in any one of claims 1-5, comprising: When the fifth regulating valve is open and the sixth regulating valve, bypass valve, thirteenth regulating valve and fourteenth regulating valve are closed, compressed air enters the fuel cell through the fuel cell air compressor and then enters the compressor intake passage. The internal combustion engine and fuel cell work in a combined operation mode. When the internal combustion engine is under-boosted, the fifth and sixth regulating valves open, while the bypass valve, the thirteenth regulating valve, and the fourteenth regulating valve close, relying on the electric auxiliary boost from the fuel cell air compressor to provide more air to the internal combustion engine body. When the internal combustion engine is under over-boosted conditions, the fifth and fourteenth regulating valves open, and the sixth, bypass, and thirteenth regulating valves, relying on the turbocharger mechanism of the internal combustion engine, provide more air to the fuel cell.

7. The combined intake and exhaust method for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell as described in claim 6, characterized in that, When the internal combustion engine is under-boosted, the fifth regulating valve is fully or partially open, the thirteenth regulating valve is open, and the sixth regulating valve, bypass valve, and fourteenth regulating valve are closed. The internal combustion engine is supplied with air by the exhaust energy of the fuel cell and the exhaust gas in front of the internal combustion engine turbine via the compressor, thereby improving the intake volume and transient response of the internal combustion engine.

8. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a combined intake and exhaust method for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell as described in any one of claims 6-7.

9. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is used to store computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement a combined intake and exhaust method for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell as described in any one of claims 6-7.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program; wherein the processor is connected to the memory, the computer program is stored in the memory, and when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to enable the electronic device to perform a combined intake and exhaust method for an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell as described in any one of claims 6-7.

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