Hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating working condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of catalysts, in particular to a hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating working condition simulation device based on a multi-coupling effect, which comprises a substrate, an electrolyte flow channel is arranged in the substrate, and the electrolyte flow channel is provided with at least one flow speed regulation and control section; the flow regulating part is assembled on the flow speed regulating and controlling section and is used for dynamically regulating the flow speed of the electrolyte passing through the electrolyte flow channel; the deformation bearing frame is arranged on the flow speed regulation and control section, and a flexible electrode plate is detachably mounted on the deformation bearing frame; the technical problem that a traditional laboratory testing device cannot simulate the multi-physical field dynamic coupling effect of flow velocity physical scouring and bubble microjet impact mode periodical alternation caused by flow velocity change in an industrial electrolysis working condition, so that the falling-off service performance of the electrode plate catalyst nanostructure is evaluated is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of catalyst technology, and more specifically to a device for simulating alternating electrode conditions for hydrogen evolution reaction based on multiple coupling effects. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technologies, laboratory performance evaluation of electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction mainly relies on static or simply stirred three-electrode testing systems. This typically involves overpotential testing at low electric field densities and long-term constant electric field stability testing in potassium hydroxide solution under atmospheric pressure. However, this traditional evaluation paradigm differs significantly from the actual operating conditions of industrial alkaline water electrolyzers. This leads to the premature degradation of high-performance materials screened in the laboratory due to mechanical structural failures in practical applications. Specifically, in industrial applications, electrodes need to operate under extremely high electric field densities. The large number of hydrogen bubbles rapidly escaping from the electrode surface exerts strong physical erosion and microjets on the catalyst coating. Simultaneously, the rapid circulation of the electrolyte in industrial electrolysis systems not only applies continuous shear stress to the electrode surface but also exerts traction on the electrode plates, causing bending strain and tensile fatigue. The combined effect of these multiple mechanical factors easily leads to the exfoliation of the catalyst's nanostructure on the electrode plates. More complexly, these mechanical factors are dynamically coupled and mutually restrictive, causing the electrode to face an alternating damage environment under actual working conditions. In one scenario, when the electrolyte flow rate increases, the physical scouring effect of the electrolyte fluid on the electrode plate intensifies, and the drag force of the high-speed flowing liquid on the electrode plate increases, exacerbating the tensile fatigue of the electrode plate. However, the increased flow rate also accelerates the flow of bubbles, resulting in a decrease in the bubble coverage on the electrode surface, which in turn reduces the microjet impact effect generated when bubbles collapse. In another scenario, when the electrolyte flow rate decreases, the physical scouring effect weakens, and the decreased flow rate leads to a decrease in the drag force on the electrode plate, causing the electrode plate to transition from a tensile state to a compressive state. However, at the same time, the residence time of bubbles on the electrode surface is prolonged, and the coverage is increased, resulting in a significant enhancement of the microjet impact effect generated when bubbles collapse. In actual industrial operation, due to fluctuations in the electrolyte circulation system, load adjustments, or start-up and shutdown operations, the electrodes often alternate between the two aforementioned scenarios: high flow rate, strong tensile stress, and weak bubble impact versus low flow rate, weak tensile stress, and strong bubble impact. This periodically alternating damage environment makes the failure mechanism of the catalyst coating on the electrode plate more complex. It is subjected to both continuous erosion and tensile fatigue under high flow rates and impact fatigue from the collapse of dense bubbles under low flow rates. These two damage mechanisms act alternately and promote each other, often leading to the accelerated exfoliation of the catalyst nanostructure. However, existing laboratory testing methods can only apply constant electrochemical polarization or constant fluid conditions, and cannot simultaneously simulate the dynamic coupling effects of multiple physical fields such as flow shear, bubble cavitation impact, and bending strain, nor can they realize the periodic transition between different operating conditions. This results in serious deviations in the assessment of the actual service performance of the catalyst, making it difficult to predict the service life of the material under actual industrial dynamic conditions.

[0003] Therefore, the inventors have proposed a simulation device for alternating operating conditions of hydrogen evolution reaction electrodes based on multi-coupling effects to solve the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a simulation device for alternating operating conditions of hydrogen evolution reaction electrodes based on multi-coupling effects, so as to solve the problem that traditional laboratory testing devices cannot simulate the dynamic coupling effect of multi-physics fields caused by the periodic alternation of flow velocity physical scouring and bubble micro-jet impact modes in industrial electrolysis conditions due to flow velocity changes, thereby realizing the technical problem of evaluating the service performance of catalyst nanostructure shedding on electrode plates.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: A simulation device for alternating operating conditions of hydrogen evolution reaction electrode based on multiple coupling effects includes a substrate, wherein an electrolyte flow channel is provided inside the substrate, and the electrolyte flow channel has at least one flow rate control section. A flow regulator is installed in the flow rate control section and is used to dynamically adjust the flow rate of the electrolyte through the electrolyte channel. A deformation support frame is disposed in the flow rate control section. A flexible electrode plate is detachably mounted on the deformation support frame, and the deformation support frame is configured to reversibly switch the flexible electrode plate between a first deformation state and a second deformation state in response to an external driving force. An air vibration coupling unit is disposed below the flexible electrode plate and periodically abuts against the deformation support frame. The air vibration coupling unit is configured to simultaneously spray simulated bubbles onto the reaction surface of the flexible electrode plate and apply periodic vibration excitation to the deformation support frame within the same action cycle. A driving component is installed on the side of the substrate away from the electrolyte flow channel. The driving component is connected to the deformation support frame and the air vibration coupling unit respectively to control the deformation support frame and the air vibration coupling unit to work together in a preset sequence, thereby causing the flexible electrode plate to periodically switch between the first deformation state and the second deformation state.

[0006] Furthermore, the electrolyte flow channel includes an inlet flow channel and an outlet flow channel; The flow rate control section includes a main flow channel and a counterflow channel arranged in parallel. The input ends of the main flow channel and the counterflow channel are both connected to the inlet flow channel, the output end of the main flow channel is connected to the outlet flow channel, and the output direction of the counterflow channel is configured to counteract the flow direction in the main flow channel. The flow regulating component is pivotally mounted between the main flow channel and the reverse flow channel, and is used to control the opening or closing of the reverse flow channel.

[0007] Furthermore, a protective shell is provided on the back of the substrate, and the driving component is disposed inside the protective shell; The drive assembly includes a motor and a pneumatic component. The motor is fixedly mounted on the protective shell, and the pneumatic component is fixedly mounted on the back of the base plate. The pneumatic component includes a pneumatic housing, a fixed partition fixedly disposed within the pneumatic housing, and a sliding partition rotatably disposed within the pneumatic housing. The fixed partition and the sliding partition divide the pneumatic housing into a first chamber and a second chamber. The output shaft of the motor is connected to a drive shaft, which passes through the pneumatic housing and the middle of the base plate and the flow regulating component; wherein, the drive shaft is connected to the sliding partition.

[0008] Furthermore, the pneumatic housing is connected to a first pipe, a first air inlet pipe, and a first air outlet pipe. The first pipe is connected to the first chamber, and both the first air inlet pipe and the first air outlet pipe are connected to the second chamber.

[0009] A first one-way valve is provided on the first air intake pipe, and a second one-way valve is provided at the first air outlet pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the deformable support frame includes a fixed frame and at least two movable support parts, each of the movable support parts being arranged parallel to each other at intervals, and a clamping area for mounting a flexible electrode plate is formed between the ends of adjacent movable support parts, the flexible electrode plate being detachably mounted between at least one set of adjacent movable support parts; A linkage transmission mechanism is connected between the fixed frame and each of the movable bearing parts, and the linkage transmission mechanism is configured to convert the driving force into the relative displacement of each of the movable bearing parts in the lateral and longitudinal directions, thereby changing the spacing between adjacent movable bearing parts. And at least one actuator, which is connected to the linkage transmission mechanism and is used to drive the linkage transmission mechanism to operate.

[0011] Furthermore, the plurality of supporting parts are respectively a first mounting plate, a second mounting plate and a third mounting plate, and the fixing frame is arranged parallel to the first mounting plate, the second mounting plate and the third mounting plate; The linkage transmission mechanism includes a first link, a second link, a third link, and a fourth link. The two ends of the first link are hinged to the first mounting plate and the fixed frame, respectively. The middle part of the second link is hinged to the first mounting plate, and the two ends of the second link are hinged to the first mounting plate and the fixed frame, respectively. The middle part of the third link is hinged to the second mounting plate, and the two ends of the third link are hinged to the third mounting plate and the first mounting plate, respectively. The two ends of the fourth link are hinged to the third mounting plate and the second mounting plate.

[0012] The actuator includes an actuator cylinder hinged to the fixed frame. An actuator chamber is formed inside the actuator cylinder. An actuator ring is slidably connected to the actuator chamber. An actuator rod is connected to the actuator ring. The free end of the actuator rod is hinged to the first mounting plate. A second pipe connected to the actuator chamber is connected to the actuator cylinder. The second pipe is connected to the first pipe. The flexible electrode plate is detachably installed between the first mounting plate and the second mounting plate, and / or between the second mounting plate and the third mounting plate.

[0013] Furthermore, the air vibration coupling unit includes an airtight box and a frame fixedly installed inside the airtight box. A rotating shaft is mounted on the frame, and several air vibration components are mounted on the rotating shaft. The air vibration component includes a cam disk and a push rod. The rotating shaft is connected to the cam disk. The bottom of the push rod forms a frame structure. The cam disk is located inside the frame structure. The top of the push rod extends out of the airtight box and can move up and down along the height direction of the airtight box.

[0014] Furthermore, the portion of the top rod located inside the airtight box has an air inlet micro-hole, and the top of the top rod has an air outlet micro-hole; When the shaft rotates, the different phases of each cam disk drive the corresponding push rod to rise and fall sequentially according to a preset timing sequence, forming a wave-like reciprocating motion. The gas inside the airtight box escapes from the vent microhole through the inner cavity of the push rod, generating simulated bubbles on the reaction surface of the flexible electrode plate; at the same time, the push rod, which has risen to its highest point, abuts against the deformation support frame, transmitting vibration excitation to the deformation support frame.

[0015] Furthermore, a driven bevel gear is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft, a rotating rod is rotatably mounted on the base plate, and a driving bevel gear is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod, the driving bevel gear meshing with the driven bevel gear; A driven pulley is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod, and a driving pulley is coaxially fixed on the drive shaft. A belt is tensioned between the driving pulley and the driven pulley.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes a power supply, and conductive pads are embedded in the second mounting plate and the third mounting plate, with the two conductive pads connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention, through the coordinated design of a drive assembly, flow regulator, deformation support frame, and air-vibration coupling unit, achieves a realistic reproduction of the periodic alternation of two damage modes caused by flow velocity fluctuations in industrial alkaline water electrolyzers: high-velocity strong scouring and tensile with weak bubble impact, and low-velocity weak scouring and tensile with strong bubble impact. The drive assembly simultaneously controls the flow regulator to adjust the flow velocity and drives the deformation support frame to switch between tensile and compressive states via the same drive shaft, ensuring a strict mechanical synchronization between flow velocity changes and electrode plate deformation. Simultaneously, the air-vibration coupling unit periodically injects simulated bubbles into the electrode plate and applies vibration excitation. Through these coordinated actions, the device can cause the flexible electrode plate to alternately experience two dynamic coupling conditions during the same test, solving the technical problem that existing testing devices can only apply constant fluid conditions or a single damage mode, and cannot simulate the periodic alternation of multiple damage mechanisms caused by flow velocity fluctuations in industrial conditions. This provides a more accurate testing method for evaluating the service performance of catalysts under real dynamic conditions.

[0018] This invention utilizes multiple cam disks with different phases in a pneumatic vibration coupling unit to drive push rods in a wave-like reciprocating motion. By leveraging the hollow structure and micropores of the push rods, it achieves a dual-functional coupling of dynamic bubble injection position changes and sequential vibration excitation loading. Because the phase angles of each cam disk are different, the push rods rise and fall sequentially according to a preset time sequence as the shaft rotates. This causes the point of impact of bubble injection on the electrode surface to continuously change dynamically, simulating the real-world scenario of randomly distributed bubble nucleation points and unpredictable detachment positions in industrial conditions. This avoids excessive damage to localized areas of the electrode caused by traditional fixed-point injection. Simultaneously, the push rod at its highest point contacts the deformation support frame, transmitting vibration excitation. The sequential action of each push rod ensures the deformation support frame receives multiple continuous excitations, replicating the distributed impact effect generated by the random and asynchronous detachment of bubble swarms. This coupling design allows the catalyst coating to simultaneously withstand the cumulative damage mechanisms of micro-jets impacted by bubble collapse, micro-amplitude vibration fatigue, and dynamic changes in the impact point, revealing the essence of catalyst nanostructure exfoliation under industrial conditions.

[0019] Other advantages, objectives, and features of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination or study, or may be learned from practice of this application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained through the detailed embodiments described below. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating operating condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the back part of the structure of the hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating working condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect of the present invention; Figure 3 This invention relates to a simulation device for alternating operating conditions of hydrogen evolution reaction electrodes based on multi-coupling effects. Figure 2 Partial structural diagram; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the first deformation state of the deformation support frame in the hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating working condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the second deformation state of the deformation support frame in the hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating working condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drive component in the hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating working condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the pneumatic components in the hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating working condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a front view schematic diagram of the hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating operating condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect of the present invention; Figure 9 This invention relates to a simulation device for alternating operating conditions of hydrogen evolution reaction electrodes based on multi-coupling effects. Figure 8 Enlarged schematic diagram of part A; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the gas vibration coupling unit in the hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating working condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect of the present invention; Figure 11 This invention relates to a simulation device for alternating operating conditions of hydrogen evolution reaction electrodes based on multi-coupling effects. Figure 10 Partial structural diagram; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the gas vibration component in the hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating working condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect of the present invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the push rod structure in the hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating working condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect of the present invention.

[0021] The components include: substrate 1, protective shell 11, electrolyte flow channel 2, inlet flow channel 21, outlet flow channel 22, main flow channel 23, backflow channel 24, flow regulating component 3, deformable support frame 4, fixed frame 41, linkage transmission mechanism 42, first connecting rod 421, second connecting rod 422, third connecting rod 423, fourth connecting rod 424, actuator 43, actuator cylinder 431, actuator chamber 432, actuator ring 433, actuator rod 434, second pipe 435, first mounting plate 44, second mounting plate 45, third mounting plate 46, and flexible electrical... 5. Electrode plate, 6. Air vibration coupling unit, 61. Airtight box, 62. Frame, 63. Rotating shaft, 64. Air vibration component, 641. Cam plate, 642. Top rod, 643. Air inlet micro-hole, 644. Air outlet micro-hole, 645. Rotating rod, 651. Driven bevel gear, 66. Driven pulley, 67. Belt, 7. Drive assembly, 71. Motor, 72. Pneumatic component, 721. Pneumatic housing, 722. Fixed partition, 723. Sliding partition, 724. First chamber, 725. Second chamber, 726. Drive shaft, 727. First pipe, 728. First air inlet pipe, 729. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0024] This embodiment proposes a simulation device for alternating operating conditions of hydrogen evolution reaction electrodes based on multi-coupling effects, such as... Figures 1 to 13 As shown, the assembly includes a substrate 1, a flow regulator 3, a deformation support frame 4, an air vibration coupling unit 6, and a drive assembly 7. An electrolyte flow channel 2 is provided inside the substrate 1, and the electrolyte flow channel 2 has at least one flow rate control section. The flow regulator 3 is assembled in the flow rate control section and is used to dynamically adjust the flow rate of the electrolyte flowing through the electrolyte flow channel 2. The deformation support frame 4 is disposed in the flow rate control section, and a flexible electrode plate 5 is detachably mounted on the deformation support frame 4 via a snap-fit ​​connection. The deformation support frame 4 is configured to respond to an external driving force to drive the flexible electrode plate 5 into a first deformation state (corresponding to...). Figure 4) and the second deformation state (corresponding to Figure 5 The two can be reversibly converted between each other; the air vibration coupling unit 6 is located below the flexible electrode plate 5, and the air vibration coupling unit 6 and the deformation support frame 4 are periodically abutted and cooperated. The air vibration coupling unit 6 is configured to simultaneously spray simulated bubbles onto the reaction surface of the flexible electrode plate 5 and apply periodic vibration excitation to the deformation support frame 4 within the same action cycle.

[0025] It also includes a drive component 7, which is installed on the side of the substrate 1 away from the electrolyte flow channel 2. The drive component 7 is connected to the deformation support frame 4 and the air vibration coupling unit 6 respectively, so as to control the deformation support frame 4 and the air vibration coupling unit 6 to work together in a preset sequence, thereby making the flexible electrode plate 5 periodically switch between the first deformation state and the second deformation state.

[0026] In this embodiment, firstly, the flexible electrode plate 5 to be tested is installed on the deformation support frame 4 via a snap-fit ​​connection, exposing the flexible electrode plate 5 to the flow rate control section of the electrolyte channel 2 inside the substrate 1. The drive assembly 7 is activated; this drive assembly 7 is connected to both the deformation support frame 4 and the air vibration coupling unit 6, and is used to control their coordinated operation according to a preset sequence. Driven by the drive assembly 7, the flow rate regulating component 3, assembled in the flow rate control section, begins to dynamically adjust the flow rate of the electrolyte through the electrolyte channel 2, thereby creating alternating high-flow-rate scouring and low-flow-rate scouring conditions on the reaction surface of the flexible electrode plate 5. Simultaneously, the drive assembly 7 drives the air vibration coupling unit 6, which is located below the flexible electrode plate 5, and within the same operating cycle, simultaneously sprays simulated bubbles downwards from the flexible electrode plate 5 and applies periodic vibration excitation to the deformation support frame 4. Under the vibration excitation applied by the air-vibration coupling unit 6 and the coordinated control of the drive component 7, the deformation support frame 4 responds to the driving force of the drive component 7 to drive the flexible electrode plate 5 to reversibly switch between the first deformation state and the second deformation state, thereby simulating the bending strain and tensile fatigue of the electrode plate in the industrial electrolyzer caused by the traction of the electrolyte. Through the coordinated action of the above-mentioned mechanisms, this device can simultaneously realize the dynamic adjustment of the electrolyte flow rate, simulate the periodic jetting and collapse impact of bubbles, and the periodic deformation of the flexible electrode plate 5 itself on the reaction surface of the flexible electrode plate 5. This reproduces the periodic alternation of two damage modes caused by the change of flow rate in the industrial alkaline water electrolyzer: high flow rate strong scouring and strong stretching weak bubble cavitation impact and low flow rate weak scouring and weak stretching strong bubble cavitation impact. This solves the technical problem that traditional laboratory testing devices cannot simulate the dynamic coupling effect of multiple physical fields in industrial electrolysis conditions.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the electrolyte flow channel 2 includes an inlet flow channel 21 and an outlet flow channel 22. The flow rate control section includes a main flow channel 23 and a counterflow channel 24 arranged in parallel. The input ends of the main flow channel 23 and the counterflow channel 24 are both connected to the inlet flow channel 21. The output end of the main flow channel 23 is connected to the outlet flow channel 22. The output direction of the counterflow channel 24 is configured to counteract the flow direction in the main flow channel 23. The flow rate regulating component 3 is pivotally mounted between the main flow channel 23 and the counterflow channel 24 and is used to control the opening or closing of the counterflow channel 24.

[0028] In this embodiment, when simulating high flow rate conditions, the flow regulating component 3 is driven by the drive assembly 7 to pivot forward to close the backflow channel 24. At this time, after the electrolyte enters from the inlet channel 21, it can only flow to the outlet channel 22 through the main flow channel 23, without being impacted by the backflow of the backflow channel 24 and without diversion. The electrolyte flows over the surface of the flexible electrode plate 5 at a high flow rate, forming a strong physical scouring effect. When simulating low flow rate conditions, the flow regulating component 3 is driven to pivot in the opposite direction to open the backflow channel 24. At this time, after the electrolyte enters from the inlet channel 21, it flows to both the main flow channel 23 and the backflow channel. 24. Since the output direction of the countercurrent channel 24 is configured to counteract the liquid flow direction in the mainstream channel 23, the electrolyte flowing out of the countercurrent channel 24 impacts the liquid flow in the mainstream channel 23 in the opposite direction. The two liquid flows generate flow resistance at the confluence, thereby significantly reducing the electrolyte flow velocity across the surface of the flexible electrode plate 5 and forming a weak physical scouring effect. By adjusting the pivot angle of the flow regulating component 3, the opening size of the countercurrent channel 24 can be continuously controlled, thereby changing the intensity of the counteracting effect and realizing continuous dynamic adjustment of the electrolyte flow velocity, so that the flexible electrode plate 5 can alternately experience scouring conditions at different flow velocities.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, a protective shell 11 is provided on the back of the substrate 1, and a drive assembly 7 is disposed inside the protective shell 11. The drive assembly 7 includes a motor 71 and a pneumatic component 72. The motor 71 is fixedly mounted on the protective shell 11, and the pneumatic component 72 is fixedly mounted on the back of the substrate 1. The pneumatic component 72 includes a pneumatic shell 721, a fixed partition 722 fixedly disposed inside the pneumatic shell 721, and a sliding partition 723 rotatably disposed inside the pneumatic shell 721. The fixed partition 722 and the sliding partition 723 divide the pneumatic shell 721 into a first chamber 724 and a second chamber 725. The output shaft of the motor 71 is connected to a drive shaft 726, which passes through the pneumatic shell 721 and connects the middle of the substrate 1 and the flow regulating component 3. The drive shaft 726 is connected to the sliding partition 723.

[0030] In this embodiment, when the motor 71 starts, the output shaft of the motor 71 drives the drive shaft 726 to rotate. Since the drive shaft 726 is connected to both the middle of the flow regulating component 3 and the sliding partition 723, the rotation of the drive shaft 726 produces two parallel effects: On the one hand, the drive shaft 726 directly drives the flow regulating component 3 to pivot relative to the main flow channel 23 and the reverse flow channel 24, thereby controlling the opening and closing or degree of the reverse flow channel 24 and realizing dynamic adjustment of the electrolyte flow rate; on the other hand, the drive shaft 726 drives the sliding partition 723 to rotate relative to the fixed partition 722 within the pneumatic housing 721. Since the fixed partition 722 is stationary, the rotation of the sliding partition 723 will change the first... The volume of the first chamber 724 and the second chamber 725 are as follows: When the drive shaft 726 rotates forward, the sliding partition 723 rotates, thereby compressing the first chamber 724, reducing its volume, while the volume of the second chamber 725 increases; when the drive shaft 726 rotates in reverse, the sliding partition 723 rotates, thereby expanding the first chamber 724, increasing its volume, while the volume of the second chamber 725 decreases; with this structure, the drive assembly 7 can drive the flow regulating component 3 to regulate the flow rate, and can also output hydraulic or pneumatic power through the volume change of the first chamber 724 to provide driving force for the movement of the deformation support frame 4, realizing coordinated control of flow rate regulation and deformation drive. This embodiment uses a single drive source to achieve coordinated control of flow rate regulation and deformation drive. When the motor 71 starts, the rotation of the drive shaft 726 directly drives the flow rate regulating component 3 to pivot to control the electrolyte flow rate. At the same time, it drives the sliding partition 723 to rotate to change the volume of the first chamber 724 and the second chamber 725, thereby outputting hydraulic drive to move the deformation support frame 4. The synchronous action of two different physical field regulation functions can be achieved without setting an additional independent drive source, which greatly simplifies the device structure and reduces manufacturing costs and control complexity. Since the flow regulating component 3 and the sliding baffle 723 are driven by the same drive shaft 726, there is no electrical control delay or signal transmission error between them. When the drive shaft 726 rotates forward, causing the flow rate to increase, the first chamber 724 is synchronously compressed and outputs pressure to drive the deformation support frame 4 to transition to a stretched state. When the drive shaft 726 rotates in reverse, causing the flow rate to decrease, the first chamber 724 synchronously expands and causes the deformation support frame 4 to transition to a compressed state. This mechanical coupling ensures strict temporal synchronization between the flow rate change and the deformation of the support part, replicating the dynamic coupling relationship between the increase in flow rate and the stretching extension, and the decrease in flow rate and the stretching rebound in an industrial electrolytic cell. The ingenious design of the pneumatic component 72 converts the rotational motion into hydraulic or pneumatic power output, providing a stable and controllable driving force source for the movement of the deformation support frame 4. At the same time, the pneumatic component 72 is set on the back of the base plate 1 and housed in the protective shell 11, making full use of space and ensuring the protection and safety of the core driving components, making the overall structure of the device compact and the operation reliable.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment, the pneumatic housing 721 is connected to a first pipe 727, a first air inlet pipe 728, and a first air outlet pipe 729. The first pipe 727 is connected to the first chamber 724, and the first air inlet pipe 728 and the first air outlet pipe 729 are both connected to the second chamber 725. A first one-way valve is provided on the first air inlet pipe 728, and a second one-way valve is provided at the first air outlet pipe 729.

[0032] In this embodiment, when the motor 71 rotates forward, the drive shaft 726 drives the sliding partition 723 and the flow regulating component 3 to rotate forward. The flow regulating component 3 pivots forward to the position of closing the backflow channel 24, increasing the electrolyte flow rate and creating a high-velocity, strong scouring condition on the surface of the flexible electrode plate 5. At the same time, during the rotation of the sliding partition 723, the first chamber 724 is compressed, reducing its volume and increasing its pressure. The hydraulic oil in the first chamber 724 is squeezed out through the first pipe 727 and enters the deformation support frame 4 through the subsequently connected second pipe 435, driving the deformation support frame 4 from the first deformation state ( Figure 4 ) transforms into the second deformation state ( Figure 5 As the sliding partition 723 rotates in the forward direction, compressing the first chamber 724, the volume of the second chamber 725 increases, creating a negative pressure state. At this time, the outside air, under atmospheric pressure, opens the first one-way valve on the first air inlet pipe 728, allowing air to enter the second chamber 725 through the first air inlet pipe 728, ensuring that the sliding partition 723 can rotate smoothly. When the motor 71 reverses, the drive shaft 726 drives the sliding partition 723 and the flow regulating component 3 to rotate in the opposite direction. The flow regulating component 3 pivots in the opposite direction to open the reverse flow channel 24, reducing the electrolyte flow rate and creating a low-flow-rate, weak-scouring condition on the surface of the flexible electrode plate 5. Simultaneously, during the reverse rotation of the sliding partition 723, the first chamber 724 expands, allowing the first chamber 724 to... As the volume increases and the pressure decreases, the hydraulic oil inside the deformable support frame 4 is drawn back into the first chamber 724 through the second pipe 435 and the first pipe 727 under the reset action. At the same time as the sliding partition 723 rotates in the opposite direction to expand the first chamber 724, the volume of the second chamber 725 decreases and the pressure increases. The gas in the second chamber 725 pushes open the second one-way valve on the first vent pipe 729 and is discharged outward through the first vent pipe 729 to maintain the pressure balance in the second chamber 725. Through the above process, this device can simultaneously realize the dynamic adjustment of the electrolyte flow rate, the pressure conversion between the first chamber 724 and the second chamber 725, and the periodic switching of the deformation state of the deformable support frame 4 during the alternation of the forward and reverse rotation of the motor 71.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the deformable support frame 4 includes a fixed frame 41 and at least two movable support parts, each movable support part being arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart. A clamping area for mounting a flexible electrode plate 5 is formed between the ends of adjacent movable support parts. The flexible electrode plate 5 is detachably mounted between at least one set of adjacent movable support parts. A linkage transmission mechanism 42 is connected between the fixed frame 41 and each movable support part, and the linkage transmission mechanism 42 is configured to convert the driving force into relative displacement of each movable support part along the lateral and longitudinal directions, thereby changing the spacing between adjacent movable support parts. There is also at least one actuating member 43, which is connected to the linkage transmission mechanism 42 and is used to drive the linkage transmission mechanism 42 to operate.

[0034] Furthermore, the multiple supporting parts are a first mounting plate 44, a second mounting plate 45, and a third mounting plate 46, and the fixing frame 41 is arranged parallel to the first mounting plate 44, the second mounting plate 45, and the third mounting plate 46; the linkage transmission mechanism 42 includes a first connecting rod 421, a second connecting rod 422, a third connecting rod 423, and a fourth connecting rod 424. The two ends of the first connecting rod 421 are respectively hinged to the first mounting plate 44 and the fixing frame 41. The middle position of the second connecting rod 422 is hinged to the first mounting plate 44. The two ends of the second connecting rod 422 are respectively hinged to the first mounting plate 44 and the fixing frame 41. The middle position of the third connecting rod 423 is hinged to the second mounting plate 45. The two ends of the third connecting rod 423 are respectively hinged to the third mounting plate 46 and the first mounting plate 44. The two ends of the fourth connecting rod 424 are hinged to the third mounting plate 46 and the second mounting plate 45. The actuator 43 includes an actuator cylinder 431, which is hinged to the fixed frame 41. An actuator chamber 432 is formed inside the actuator cylinder 431. An actuator ring 433 is slidably connected inside the actuator chamber 432. An actuator rod 434 is connected to the actuator ring 433. The free end of the actuator rod 434 is hinged to the first mounting plate 44. A second pipe 435 connected to the actuator chamber 432 is connected to the actuator cylinder 431. The second pipe 435 is connected to the first pipe 727. The flexible electrode plate 5 is detachably installed between the first mounting plate 44 and the second mounting plate 45, and / or between the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46. In this embodiment, the flexible electrode plate 5 is installed between the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46.

[0035] When hydraulic oil enters the actuation chamber 432 of the actuation cylinder 431 via the first pipe 727 and the second pipe 435, the hydraulic oil pushes the actuation ring 433 to slide within the actuation cylinder 431, thereby driving the first mounting plate 44, which is hinged to the actuation rod 434, to move. Since the first mounting plate 44 is connected to the fixed frame 41, the second mounting plate 45, and the third mounting plate 46 respectively via a linkage transmission mechanism 42 consisting of the first connecting rod 421, the second connecting rod 422, the third connecting rod 423, and the fourth connecting rod 424, when the first mounting plate 44 moves under the drive of the actuation rod 434, the first connecting rod 421 and the second connecting rod 422 move relative to the fixed frame 41, while simultaneously driving the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46 to move in coordination via the third connecting rod 423 and the fourth connecting rod 424. Through the linkage of each connecting rod, the first mounting plate 44, the second mounting plate 45, and the third mounting plate 46 remain relatively parallel during movement. Yes, but the spacing between adjacent mounting plates changes; when hydraulic oil enters the actuation chamber 432 and pushes the actuation ring 433 to slide, the actuation rod 434 pushes the first mounting plate 44 to move closer to the fixed frame 41, and the linkage transmission mechanism 42 drives the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46 to move synchronously, so that the spacing between the first mounting plate 44 and the second mounting plate 45 and the spacing between the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46 decrease simultaneously; since the flexible electrode plate 5 is installed between the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46, when the spacing between the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46 decreases, the flexible electrode plate 5 is subjected to tensile stress in the transverse direction (i.e., the direction between the left and right ends), while the longitudinal direction (i.e., the direction of vertical height) is subjected to bending deformation due to compression, resulting in compressive stress in the longitudinal middle area, thus simulating the combined stress state of the electrode plate in the industrial electrolytic cell under transverse tension and longitudinal compression, that is Figure 4 Convert to Figure 5 state.

[0036] When hydraulic oil is drawn out of the actuation chamber 432, the actuation ring 433 slides in the reverse direction, and the actuation rod 434 pulls the first mounting plate 44 to move away from the fixed frame 41. The linkage transmission mechanism 42 drives the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46 to move in the opposite direction synchronously, so that the distance between the first mounting plate 44 and the second mounting plate 45 and the distance between the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46 increases simultaneously. At this time, the state of the flexible electrode plate 5 installed between the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46 changes from Figure 5 State transition Figure 4The state is such that the two ends of the flexible electrode plate 5 are compressed, the lateral distance is shortened, and the longitudinal distance is stretched and increased, resulting in tensile stress in the longitudinal middle area. This simulates the composite stress state of the electrode plate in an industrial electrolytic cell, which is subjected to alternating lateral stretching and longitudinal compression. By continuously driving the linkage transmission mechanism 42 through the actuator 43, the lateral and longitudinal spacing between the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46 can be periodically increased and decreased within a preset range. This causes the flexible electrode plate 5 installed between the two to periodically alternate between two composite stress states: lateral compression accompanied by longitudinal stretching and lateral stretching accompanied by longitudinal compression. This reproduces the complex force process of dynamic coupling and alternating transformation of lateral and longitudinal stress caused by the change in the mounting plate spacing in an industrial electrolytic cell. This solves the technical problem that the existing technology can only apply uniaxial constant stress and cannot simulate multiaxial alternating stress.

[0037] It should be noted that the reason why this embodiment uses the flexible electrode plate 5 to periodically alternate between two composite stress states—transverse compression accompanied by longitudinal tension and transverse tension accompanied by longitudinal compression—is that the rapid circulation of electrolyte in the industrial electrolysis system not only applies continuous shear stress to the surface of the flexible electrode plate 5 but also exerts a traction effect on it, causing bending strain and tensile fatigue. Since the flexible electrode plate 5 typically uses a porous flexible substrate such as nickel foam, its assembly method in the electrolytic cell is usually with fixed supports at both ends and a suspended middle area. In actual operation, it is affected by factors such as electrolyte flow impact, thermal expansion and contraction due to temperature changes, and system pressure fluctuations, causing the flexible electrode plate 5 to simultaneously bear composite stresses in both the transverse and longitudinal directions. When the electrolyte flow rate increases or the temperature rises, causing the flexible electrode plate 5 to change, the transverse ends of the flexible electrode plate 5 will be stretched, while the longitudinal middle area will be compressed due to internal stress bending deformation; conversely, when the electrolyte flow rate decreases, causing the flexible electrode plate 5 to contract, the transverse ends will be compressed, while the longitudinal middle area will be stretched due to internal stress. This complex stress state, where the lateral and longitudinal stresses alternate with the working conditions, causes the catalyst coating to be subjected to alternating tensile and compressive loads in different directions. This easily leads to the formation of a crisscrossing microcrack network in the coating, accelerating the mechanical exfoliation of the nanostructure.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the air vibration coupling unit 6 includes an airtight box 61 and a frame 62 fixedly installed inside the airtight box 61. A rotating shaft 63 is mounted on the frame 62, and a plurality of air vibration components 64 are mounted on the rotating shaft 63. Each air vibration component 64 includes a cam disk 641 and a push rod 642. The rotating shaft 63 is connected to the cam disk 641. The bottom of the push rod 642 forms a frame structure. The cam disk 641 is located inside the frame structure. The top of the push rod 642 extends out of the airtight box 61 and can move up and down along the height direction of the airtight box 61. The portion of the push rod 642 located inside the airtight box 61 has an air inlet micro-hole 643, and the top of the push rod 642 has an air outlet micro-hole 644. When the rotating shaft 63 rotates, the different phases of each cam disk 641 drive the corresponding push rod 642 to rise and fall sequentially according to a preset timing sequence, forming a wave-like reciprocating motion. The gas inside the airtight box 61 escapes from the air outlet micro-hole 644 through the inner cavity of the push rod 642, generating simulated bubbles on the reaction surface of the flexible electrode plate 5. At the same time, the push rod 642, which has risen to its highest point, abuts against the deformation support frame 4, transmitting vibration excitation to the deformation support frame 4. A driven bevel gear 651 is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft 63. A rotating rod 65 is rotatably mounted on the base plate 1. A driving bevel gear is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod 65, and the driving bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear 651. A driven pulley 66 is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod 65. A driving pulley is coaxially fixed on the drive shaft 726. A belt 67 is tensioned between the driving pulley and the driven pulley 66. A vibrating plate is provided at the bottom of the third mounting plate 46. Several springs are provided between the vibrating plate and the third mounting plate 46. The top of the push rod 642 periodically abuts against the vibrating plate.

[0039] In this embodiment, when the drive shaft 726 rotates, it also drives the drive pulley to rotate synchronously. The drive pulley drives the driven pulley 66 to rotate via the tensioned belt 67. The driven pulley 66 drives the rotating rod 65, which is fixed coaxially with it, to rotate. The rotating rod 65 drives the drive bevel gear to rotate. The drive bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear 651, thereby transmitting the rotational motion to the driven bevel gear 651. The driven bevel gear 651 drives the rotating shaft 63, which is coaxially connected with it, to rotate on the frame 62. When the rotating shaft 63 rotates, it drives the shaft 63 mounted on it to rotate. Multiple cam disks 641 rotate synchronously. Since each cam disk 641 has a different phase angle, during rotation, each cam disk 641 sequentially drives its corresponding push rod 642 to move up and down along the height of the airtight box 61. Specifically, when the protrusion of the cam disk 641 rotates to contact the bottom of the frame structure of the push rod 642, the cam disk 641 pushes the push rod 642 upwards, causing it to rise to its highest point. After the protrusion of the cam disk 641 passes the frame structure, the push rod 642 descends and resets under gravity, thus forming the push rods... 642 moves in a wave-like reciprocating motion, rising and falling sequentially according to a preset time sequence. During the rising process of the push rod 642, the air inlet micro-hole 643 opened in the part of the push rod 642 located inside the airtight box 61 is exposed to the gas environment inside the airtight box 61. Since the push rod 642 is hollow inside, the gas inside the airtight box 61 enters the inner cavity of the push rod 642 through the air inlet micro-hole 643 and flows upward along the internal channel of the push rod 642. Finally, it escapes from the air outlet micro-hole 644 opened at the top of the push rod 642, generating simulated bubbles on the reaction surface of the flexible electrode plate 5. Simultaneously, when any push rod 642 rises to its highest point, the top of the push rod 642 abuts against the vibrating plate above it. The top of the push rod 642 periodically abuts against the vibrating plate, forming an upward vibration excitation transmitted to the deformation support frame 4, causing the deformation support frame 4 to vibrate slightly. Since each push rod 642 rises and falls sequentially according to a preset time sequence, the deformation support frame 4 will receive multiple continuous vibration excitations during one rotation of the rotating shaft 63, thereby simulating the periodic impact effect on the electrode plate when bubbles detach in an industrial electrolytic cell.

[0040] It should be noted that this application employs a simulation experiment that couples vibration and bubbles together. The core of this approach is to recreate the essential correlation and synergistic damage mechanism between the two physical phenomena under industrial electrolysis conditions. In the actual alkaline water electrolysis process, the intense precipitation and detachment of bubbles do not occur in isolation, but are accompanied by the micro-vibration of the electrode. When a large number of hydrogen bubbles rapidly detach from the electrode surface, the collapse and ejection of the bubbles themselves generate a recoil excitation on the electrode, triggering micro-vibration of the electrode. In turn, the vibration of the electrode affects the nucleation, growth, and detachment behavior of the bubbles. This mutually coupled relationship of bubble-induced vibration and vibration-induced bubble constitutes the real damage environment that the electrode experiences under actual working conditions. Traditional testing devices often treat the two separately, either simulating only bubble impact while ignoring the vibration effect, or applying only external vibration without considering its synchronicity with the bubble occurrence, thus failing to reproduce the superimposed damage to the catalyst coating nanostructure caused by the synergistic effect of the two. This design uses a cam phase difference to drive the push rod 642 in a wave-like motion, achieving synchronous output of bubble ejection and vibration excitation under the same power source, with a fixed temporal correspondence between the two, simulating the real physical process of micro-impact accompanying bubble detachment. This coupled design allows the catalyst coating to withstand both the micro-jet impact of bubble collapse and the micro-amplitude vibration fatigue caused by the impact at the same time. The two damage mechanisms promote each other and accumulate, revealing more realistically the essential reason for the accelerated exfoliation of catalysts under industrial conditions, and providing an irreplaceable experimental method for studying the multi-physics coupled damage mechanism. Furthermore, since the rising height and timing of each push rod 642 are controlled by cams with different phases, and the push rod 642 continuously changes the relative position of its top end and the flexible electrode plate 5 during its up-and-down reciprocating motion, the point of action of each bubble ejection dynamically changes on the electrode surface, thus simulating the real scenario of randomly distributed bubble nucleation points and unfixed detachment positions in industrial conditions. This dynamic variation in spray position avoids excessive damage to localized areas of the electrode caused by traditional fixed-point spraying. It allows the catalyst coating to undergo uniform and random cumulative fatigue across the entire reaction surface, more realistically replicating the distributed impact effect generated when bubble clusters randomly and asynchronously detach from the electrode surface. Through this multi-dimensional coupling design, the catalyst coating simultaneously withstands both the micro-jets impacted by bubble collapse and the micro-amplitude vibration fatigue induced by these impacts, while the impact point continuously changes. These three damage mechanisms mutually promote and accumulate, more realistically revealing the fundamental reason for accelerated catalyst exfoliation under industrial conditions and providing an irreplaceable experimental method for studying multi-physics coupled damage mechanisms.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, a power supply is also included. Conductive pads are embedded in the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46, and the two conductive pads are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply. This embodiment further includes a power supply, and conductive pads are embedded in the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46, connecting the two conductive pads to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply. The purpose of this design is to achieve dynamic coupling simulation of electric field strength and mechanical deformation, thereby more realistically reproducing the changes in electric field distribution experienced by the electrode plates in the industrial alkaline water electrolyzer when their deformation state changes. Specifically, during the actual operation of the industrial electrolyzer, the electrode plates undergo slight bending deformation due to the traction of the electrolyte, resulting in changes in the local spacing between the electrode plates. According to the electric field strength formula E=U / d, when the electrode spacing d changes, even if the applied voltage U remains constant, the electric field strength E between the electrode plates will also change dynamically. This fluctuation in electric field strength directly affects the charge distribution of the nanostructure on the catalyst surface, the bubble nucleation behavior, and the reaction kinetics. However, existing testing devices can only apply a constant electric field, failing to simulate the dynamic changes in the electric field caused by electrode plate deformation, leading to deviations in the performance evaluation of the catalyst under real-world conditions. The inventive advantages of this invention are reflected in the following aspects: First, by embedding conductive pads within the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46 and connecting them to a power source, when the deformation support frame 4 moves the first mounting plate 44, the second mounting plate 45, and the third mounting plate 46, causing a change in the spacing between adjacent mounting plates, the flexible electrode plate 5 installed between the second mounting plate 45 and the third mounting plate 46 not only withstands mechanical deformation, but also, due to the conductive pads within the two mounting plates being connected to the power source, forms an electric field between the two mounting plates. As the spacing d between the mounting plates changes, the electric field strength E dynamically changes according to the law E=U / d. First, by achieving physical field coupling simulation of mechanical deformation and electric field intensity, this design fills the gap in existing technologies that cannot simulate electric field fluctuations caused by electrode plate deformation. Second, combining the existing flow rate regulation, bubble simulation, and deformation control functions of this device, this design further increases the dynamic control dimension of the key physical field, the electric field. This enables the device to simultaneously simulate complex industrial conditions involving the coupling of four fields: flow rate change, bubble impact, electrode deformation, and electric field fluctuation. This provides a testing method for evaluating the service performance of catalysts under multi-physics coupling environments and provides an experimental basis for studying the influence of uneven electric field distribution on catalyst failure mechanisms. In summary, this design, through simple structural improvements, achieves dynamic coupling of electric field and mechanical deformation, significantly improving the simulation accuracy of the testing device for actual industrial conditions. It has outstanding substantive features and significant progress.

[0042] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments provided to fully illustrate the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for simulating alternating operating conditions of hydrogen evolution reaction electrodes based on multi-coupling effects, characterized in that, include: A substrate (1) is provided with an electrolyte flow channel (2) inside the substrate (1), and the electrolyte flow channel (2) has at least one flow rate control section; A flow rate regulating component (3) is assembled in the flow rate control section and is used to dynamically regulate the flow rate of the electrolyte through the electrolyte channel (2). Deformation support frame (4), the deformation support frame (4) is disposed in the flow rate control section, the deformation support frame (4) is detachably mounted with a flexible electrode plate (5), and the deformation support frame (4) is configured to be able to respond to external driving force to drive the flexible electrode plate (5) to reversibly switch between a first deformation state and a second deformation state; A gas vibration coupling unit (6) is disposed below the flexible electrode plate (5), and the gas vibration coupling unit (6) periodically abuts against the deformation support frame (4). The gas vibration coupling unit (6) is configured to simultaneously spray simulated bubbles onto the reaction surface of the flexible electrode plate (5) and apply periodic vibration excitation to the deformation support frame (4) within the same action cycle. A driving component (7) is installed on the side of the substrate (1) away from the electrolyte flow channel (2). The driving component (7) is connected to the deformation support frame (4) and the air vibration coupling unit (6) respectively, so as to control the deformation support frame (4) and the air vibration coupling unit (6) to work together in a preset sequence, thereby causing the flexible electrode plate (5) to periodically switch between the first deformation state and the second deformation state.

2. The hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating operating condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolyte flow channel (2) includes an inlet flow channel (21) and an outlet flow channel (22); The flow rate control section includes a main flow channel (23) and a reverse flow channel (24) arranged in parallel. The input ends of the main flow channel (23) and the reverse flow channel (24) are both connected to the liquid inlet channel (21). The output end of the main flow channel (23) is connected to the liquid outlet channel (22). The output direction of the reverse flow channel (24) is configured to counteract the liquid flow direction in the main flow channel (23). The flow regulating component (3) is pivotally mounted between the main flow channel (23) and the reverse flow channel (24) to control the opening or closing of the reverse flow channel (24).

3. The hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating operating condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect according to claim 2, characterized in that: A protective shell (11) is provided on the back of the substrate (1), and the driving assembly (7) is disposed inside the protective shell (11); The drive assembly (7) includes a motor (71) and a pneumatic component (72). The motor (71) is fixedly mounted on the protective shell (11), and the pneumatic component (72) is fixedly mounted on the back of the base plate (1). The pneumatic component (72) includes a pneumatic housing (721), a fixed partition (722) fixedly disposed within the pneumatic housing (721), and a sliding partition (723) rotatably disposed within the pneumatic housing (721). The fixed partition (722) and the sliding partition (723) divide the pneumatic housing (721) into a first chamber (724) and a second chamber (725). The output shaft of the motor (71) is connected to a drive shaft (726), which passes through the pneumatic housing (721) and the middle of the base plate (1) and the flow regulator (3); wherein the drive shaft (726) is connected to the sliding partition (723).

4. The hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating operating condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pneumatic housing (721) is connected to a first pipe (727), a first air inlet pipe (728) and a first air outlet pipe (729). The first pipe (727) is connected to the first chamber (724), and the first air inlet pipe (728) and the first air outlet pipe (729) are both connected to the second chamber (725). A first one-way valve is provided on the first air inlet pipe (728), and a second one-way valve is provided at the first air outlet pipe (729).

5. The hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating operating condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect according to claim 4, characterized in that: The deformable support frame (4) includes a fixed frame (41) and at least two movable support parts. Each of the movable support parts is arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart. A clamping area for mounting a flexible electrode plate (5) is formed between the ends of adjacent movable support parts. The flexible electrode plate (5) is detachably mounted between at least one set of adjacent movable support parts. Linkage transmission mechanism (42) is connected between the fixed frame (41) and each of the movable bearing parts, and the linkage transmission mechanism (42) is configured to convert the driving force into the relative displacement of each of the movable bearing parts in the lateral and longitudinal directions, thereby changing the spacing between adjacent movable bearing parts; And at least one actuator (43), which is connected to the linkage transmission mechanism (42) and is used to drive the linkage transmission mechanism (42) to operate.

6. The hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating operating condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect according to claim 4, characterized in that: The plurality of the support parts are a first mounting plate (44), a second mounting plate (45) and a third mounting plate (46), and the fixing frame (41) is arranged parallel to the first mounting plate (44), the second mounting plate (45) and the third mounting plate (46); The linkage transmission mechanism (42) includes a first link (421), a second link (422), a third link (423), and a fourth link (424). The two ends of the first link (421) are hinged to the first mounting plate (44) and the fixed frame (41) respectively. The middle position of the second link (422) is hinged to the first mounting plate (44). The two ends of the second link (422) are hinged to the first mounting plate (44) and the fixed frame (41) respectively. The middle position of the third link (423) is hinged to the second mounting plate (45). The two ends of the third link (423) are hinged to the third mounting plate (46) and the first mounting plate (44) respectively. The two ends of the fourth link (424) are hinged to the third mounting plate (46) and the second mounting plate (45). The actuator (43) includes an actuator cylinder (431), which is hinged to the fixed frame (41). An actuator chamber (432) is formed inside the actuator cylinder (431). An actuator ring (433) is slidably connected inside the actuator chamber (432). An actuator rod (434) is connected to the actuator ring (433). The free end of the actuator rod (434) is hinged to the first mounting plate (44). A second pipe (435) connected to the actuator chamber (432) is connected to the actuator cylinder (431). The second pipe (435) is connected to the first pipe (727). The flexible electrode plate (5) is detachably installed between the first mounting plate (44) and the second mounting plate (45), and / or between the second mounting plate (45) and the third mounting plate (46).

7. The hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating operating condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect according to claim 6, characterized in that: The air vibration coupling unit (6) includes an airtight box (61) and a frame (62) fixedly installed inside the airtight box (61). A rotating shaft (63) is installed on the frame (62), and a plurality of air vibration components (64) are installed on the rotating shaft (63). The air vibration component (64) includes a cam disk (641) and a push rod (642). A rotating shaft (63) is connected to the cam disk (641). The bottom of the push rod (642) forms a frame structure. The cam disk (641) is located inside the frame structure. The top of the push rod (642) extends out of the airtight box (61) and can move up and down along the height direction of the airtight box (61).

8. The electrode-based multi-directional alternating stress loading test structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The top rod (642) located inside the airtight box (61) has an air inlet microhole (643) and an air outlet microhole (644) at the top of the top rod (642). When the rotating shaft (63) rotates, the different phases of each cam disk (641) drive the corresponding push rod (642) to rise and fall sequentially according to a preset time sequence, forming a wave-like reciprocating motion; The gas inside the airtight box (61) escapes from the gas outlet microhole (644) through the inner cavity of the top rod (642), generating simulated bubbles on the reaction surface of the flexible electrode plate (5); at the same time, the top rod (642) that has risen to the highest point abuts against the deformation support frame (4), transmitting vibration excitation to the deformation support frame (4).

9. The electrode-based multi-directional alternating stress loading test structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: A driven bevel gear (651) is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft (63), and a rotating rod (65) is rotatably arranged on the base plate (1). A driving bevel gear is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod (65), and the driving bevel gear meshes with the driven bevel gear (651). A driven pulley (66) is coaxially fixed on the rotating rod (65), and a driving pulley is coaxially fixed on the drive shaft (726). A belt (67) is tensioned between the driving pulley and the driven pulley (66).

10. The hydrogen evolution reaction electrode alternating operating condition simulation device based on multi-coupling effect according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: It also includes a power supply, and conductive pads are embedded in the second mounting plate (45) and the third mounting plate (46), and the two conductive pads are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the power supply.

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