Forest fire barrier fire extinguishing efficiency test platform and evaluation method

Abstract

The invention provides a forest fire barrier fire extinguishing efficiency test platform and an evaluation method. The forest fire barrier fire extinguishing efficiency test platform comprises a support assembly, a terrain construction assembly, a first attitude adjustment assembly, a second attitude adjustment assembly, a monitoring and recording assembly and an ignition assembly. According to the forest fire barrier fire extinguishing efficiency test platform and the evaluation method, the problem that a comprehensive platform which can realize continuous variable gradient and multi-surface complex terrain real-scale simulation and is used for barrier or fire extinguishing agent efficiency entity verification is lacked in related technologies is solved; and a repeatable and comparable efficiency evaluation result is difficult to obtain under the condition close to the real topographic condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fire scene simulation technology, and in particular relates to a test platform and evaluation method for the fire suppression effectiveness of forest fires. Background Technology

[0002] The burning and spread of forest fires are influenced by a combination of factors, including fuel type and load, meteorological conditions, and topographical conditions. Special terrain features such as canyons and steep slopes often significantly alter fire behavior, causing sudden changes in the spread and expansion of fires within a short period of time. In severe cases, these changes can even trigger extreme fire behaviors such as eruptive fires, resulting in significant casualties and property damage.

[0003] While research on the influence of topography on forest fire spread has been conducted, current studies primarily rely on numerical simulations or small-scale experiments. These experiments are often limited to flat slopes or single, fixed slopes, failing to cover typical scenarios in real mountainous environments such as continuous slope variations and complex, multi-faceted terrain. Furthermore, there is a lack of evaluation platforms capable of conducting physical verification under complex terrain conditions and supporting repeatable comparative testing for evaluating the effectiveness and efficacy of forest fire containment technologies and fire-extinguishing agents. The small scale of experimental research in these technologies, coupled with the limited range of terrain conditions and the lack of comprehensive platforms capable of simulating continuous slope variations and complex, multi-faceted terrain at scale for physical verification of fire-extinguishing agent efficacy, makes it difficult to obtain repeatable and comparable efficacy evaluation results under conditions closely resembling real terrain. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the related technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] A test platform for forest fire containment and extinguishing effectiveness includes a support component, a terrain construction component, a first attitude adjustment component, a second attitude adjustment component, a monitoring and recording component, and an ignition component;

[0007] The support components are used to provide load-bearing support for the test platform and to level the test platform;

[0008] The terrain construction component is used to form a fuel bed for laying forest combustibles and to construct continuous variable slope and multifaceted complex terrain. The terrain construction component includes a main fuel bed unit and at least one extended fuel bed unit. The main fuel bed unit and the extended fuel bed unit are detachable and spliced ​​together to form the fuel bed.

[0009] The first attitude adjustment component cooperates with the main fuel bed unit, and the second attitude adjustment component cooperates with the extended fuel bed unit. The first attitude adjustment component and the second attitude adjustment component are used together to adjust at least two of the slope, terrain angle, height and inclination angle of the fuel bed, so as to construct complex terrain conditions with different combinations of facets under real-scale conditions.

[0010] The ignition assembly is located at the outer periphery of the fuel bed and is used to ignite the forest combustibles.

[0011] The monitoring and recording component is used to record the fire spread process, the deployment process of the fire barrier agent, and the application process of the extinguishing agent. It is also used to collect environmental parameters at different locations on the fuel bed to obtain repeatable and comparable basic data for evaluating the effectiveness of the extinguishing agents.

[0012] Furthermore, the main fuel bed unit includes a central axis connecting structure and two wing fuel beds, which are interconnected along their corresponding edges and can rotate relative to each other around the central axis connecting structure to form a foldable variable angle main fuel bed structure.

[0013] The support assembly includes a base frame, a middle frame, and a first leveling and lifting structure. The base frame is provided with the first leveling and lifting structure at its bottom. The central shaft connecting structure is located in the middle of the upper end face of the middle frame. The base frame is located directly below the middle frame. The base frame and the middle frame can be hinged in the width direction by a hinge device.

[0014] Furthermore, the first attitude adjustment component includes a slope adjustment mechanism and an angle adjustment mechanism. The slope adjustment mechanism is used to lift the tail of the main fuel bed unit to form different slopes, and the angle adjustment mechanism is used to lift the two ends of the main fuel bed unit to form different terrain angles.

[0015] Furthermore, the slope adjustment mechanism includes two symmetrically arranged first hydraulic rods, the fixed end of which is connected to the base frame, and the extended end of which is connected to the middle frame.

[0016] Furthermore, the extended fuel bed unit is mounted on a movable support frame, which is equipped with a movable wheel system and a second leveling and lifting structure.

[0017] The second attitude adjustment component includes a height adjustment mechanism and a tilt adjustment mechanism. The height adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the installation height of the extended fuel bed unit, and the tilt adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the tilt angle of the extended fuel bed unit.

[0018] Furthermore, a quick-connect connection structure is provided between the main fuel bed unit and the extended fuel bed unit to achieve rapid positioning and locking.

[0019] Furthermore, the main fuel bed unit and the extended fuel bed unit are provided with a gap compensation cover at the splicing point. The gap compensation cover is made of high ductility refractory material and covers the splicing slit.

[0020] The gap compensation cover is connected to the main fuel bed unit and the extended fuel bed unit through a perforated fixing structure. The perforated fixing structure includes a circular hole provided on the gap compensation cover and a fastener that mates with the circular hole.

[0021] Furthermore, the terrain building component also includes at least two fuel fixing components, which are respectively disposed on the surfaces of the main fuel bed unit and the extended fuel bed unit;

[0022] The fuel fixing assembly includes a column array and column splicing plates. The column array is used to prevent slippage and limit small surface combustibles and to fix three-dimensional combustibles. The column splicing plates can be detachably installed in the grid cells of the column array to change the column density.

[0023] Furthermore, the monitoring and recording component includes a camera recording unit, a timing unit, and a sensor acquisition unit;

[0024] The video recording unit is used to record the fire spread process, the deployment process of the fire-blocking agent, the application process of the fire extinguishing agent, and the fire extinguishing process. The timing unit is used to time the fire extinguishing time. The sensing and acquisition unit is used to collect environmental parameters and includes multiple wind speed and temperature sensors set at different locations on the fuel bed.

[0025] A method for evaluating the effectiveness of forest fire prevention and extinguishing agents includes the following steps;

[0026] Using the above-mentioned forest fire blocking and extinguishing efficiency test platform, forest combustibles were laid on the fuel bed, and continuous variable slope and multi-faceted complex terrain test conditions were set through the first attitude adjustment component and the second attitude adjustment component.

[0027] When evaluating the effectiveness of barrier agents, a barrier area is delineated on the fuel bed and a barrier agent covering layer is formed in the barrier area. Ignition positions are set in the areas not covered by the barrier agent. The ignition assembly is used to ignite the areas not covered by the barrier agent to form a fire line. During the fire spread, the monitoring and recording assembly synchronously records the fire spread process and collects environmental parameters at different locations on the fuel bed. The blocking or crossing of the fire line when it reaches the barrier area is recorded. If the fire line is blocked and left to stand for 30 minutes without reignition, the barrier agent is deemed effective.

[0028] When evaluating the effectiveness of extinguishing agents, the release parameters of the extinguishing agents are preset. The ignition assembly is used to ignite the fuel bed at a preset boundary to form a fire line. When the fire line spreads to the preset release position, the extinguishing agent is applied and the extinguishing process is recorded and the extinguishing time is timed. If there is no reignition after 30 minutes of standing still after extinguishing, the extinguishing time and reignition judgment result are output.

[0029] Compared with existing technologies, the forest fire containment and extinguishing effectiveness test platform and evaluation method described in this invention have the following advantages:

[0030] 1. This scheme utilizes the detachable splicing of a main fuel bed unit and at least one extended fuel bed unit, along with first and second attitude adjustment components, to adjust at least two parameters: slope, terrain angle, height, and inclination. This allows the test platform to construct complex terrain conditions with continuous variable slopes and multi-faceted combinations under real-scale conditions. This introduces scenarios difficult to cover under traditional small-scale or single-slope conditions, such as canyon bends, ridge transitions, and multi-faceted coupling, into a single platform for verification. Hydraulically driven attitude adjustment enables controllable setting of angle and height, allowing for rapid reproduction of target terrain parameters and maintenance of geometric consistency across different conditions. This improves the repeatability and comparability of evaluation results under different agents, loads, and terrain conditions. The platform integrates ignition, monitoring and recording, and environmental parameter acquisition into a single system. Combined with the evaluation steps of barrier agent coverage and extinguishing agent application, it creates a closed-loop process for terrain construction, fire spread recording, and agent effectiveness determination, reducing systematic errors caused by platform differences.

[0031] 2. This scheme employs a quick-connect structure at the junction of the main fuel bed unit and the extended fuel bed unit to achieve rapid positioning and locking. Furthermore, a gap-compensating cover covers the junction slits, and a perforated fixing structure ensures reliable assembly. Structurally, this reduces interference from the junction slits on fire propagation paths, localized air leakage, and fuel spillage, thereby improving the stability of test results under multi-faceted junction conditions. The fuel fixing assembly uses a column array with detachable column splicing plates to change the column density, making it less prone to slippage of small combustibles under inclined conditions and easier to fix three-dimensional combustibles, maintaining their layout. This improves the consistency of fuel load and density under various conditions and reduces fluctuations caused by human-induced layout differences. The monitoring and recording assembly, through video recording, timing, and multi-point temperature and wind speed parameter acquisition, provides a synchronous chain of evidence for fire spread and agent action, allowing for aligned comparisons between different tests. This makes the evaluation of containment and extinguishing effectiveness more traceable and verifiable. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main fuel bed unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the midframe lifting method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ignition needle and ignition groove according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the central shaft connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the wind speed and temperature sensor described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the extended fuel bed unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a V-shaped unfolded schematic diagram of the main fuel bed unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a horizontally unfolded schematic diagram of the main fuel bed unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the tilted main fuel bed unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram simulating an M-shaped valley terrain using the combination of the main fuel bed unit and the extended fuel bed unit as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the quick-connect structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection between the gap compensation cover and the fuel bed according to an embodiment of the present invention. Explanation of reference numerals:

[0045] 10. Control system; 20. Hydraulic oil pump; 100. Main fuel bed unit; 110. Base frame; 120. First leveling and lifting structure; 140. Middle frame; 150. Wing fuel bed; 151. Central shaft connection structure; 1511. Fixing component; 1512. Shaft component; 1513. Bearing connector; 152. Ignition slot; 153. First column array; 154. Ignition needle; 155. Wind speed and temperature sensor; 160. Slope adjustment mechanism; 170. Angle adjustment mechanism; 210. Moving wheel system; 220. Second leveling and lifting structure; 230. Moving support frame; 240. Tilt adjustment mechanism; 250. Second column array; 260. Extended fuel bed unit; 270. Gap compensation cover; 310. Fixing block; 320. Spring top ball; 330. Connecting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0046] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0047] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0048] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0049] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0050] This embodiment provides a test platform for forest fire containment and extinguishing effectiveness, which includes a support component, a terrain construction component, a first attitude adjustment component, a second attitude adjustment component, a monitoring and recording component, and an ignition component. The support component provides load-bearing support for the test platform and is used for leveling the test platform. The terrain construction component forms a fuel bed for laying forest combustibles and constructs continuous variable slope and multifaceted complex terrain. The monitoring and recording component records the fire spread process, the application process of containment agents, and the application process of extinguishing agents, and collects environmental parameters at different locations on the fuel bed to obtain repeatable and comparable basic data for evaluating agent effectiveness. The ignition component is located at the outer perimeter of the fuel bed and is used to ignite the forest combustibles, thereby realizing the visualization, recording, and parameterized acquisition of the forest fire spread process and agent action process in complex terrain under real-scale conditions.

[0051] In this embodiment, the terrain construction component includes a main fuel bed unit 100 and at least one extended fuel bed unit 260. The main fuel bed unit 100 and the extended fuel bed unit 260 are detachably spliced ​​to form a multi-faceted continuous variable slope terrain test condition, and together form the fuel bed. A first attitude adjustment component cooperates with the main fuel bed unit 100, and a second attitude adjustment component cooperates with the extended fuel bed unit 260. The first attitude adjustment component and the second attitude adjustment component jointly adjust at least two of the slope, terrain angle, height, and inclination angle of the fuel bed to construct different combinations of facets. In complex terrain conditions, the main fuel bed unit 100 includes a central axis connecting structure 151 and two wing fuel beds 150. The two wing fuel beds 150 are interconnected along their corresponding edges and can rotate relative to each other around the central axis connecting structure 151 to form a foldable and variable angle main fuel bed structure. In terms of specific structural implementation, the central axis connecting structure 151 can be constructed by the cooperation of a fixing member 1511, a shaft member 1512 and a bearing connecting member 1513 to ensure the stability and wear resistance of the relative rotation of the two wing fuel beds 150, so that the rotation accuracy and connection reliability can still be maintained under repeated folding and variable angle and hot test environments.

[0052] The support assembly includes a base frame 110, a middle frame 140, and a first leveling and lifting structure 120. The base frame 110 is located directly below the middle frame 140 and is hinged to the middle frame 140 in the width direction via a hinge device, allowing the middle frame 140 to be laterally raised or lowered relative to the base frame 110. The support assembly can be constructed from a combination of carbon steel square tubing and steel plates, providing a support surface for supporting the main fuel bed unit 100. Multiple first leveling and lifting structures 120 can be configured and distributed at the bottom of the base frame 110 to facilitate the lifting of the main fuel bed unit 100. When the fuel bed unit 100 is placed on uneven ground, the platform can be leveled as a whole. For example, six first leveling lifting structures 120 can be arranged around the circumference or corners of the base frame 110 to improve leveling stability. As a specific dimension example, the overall length of the support assembly can be about 8.0m, the width of the base frame 110 can be about 3.2m, the width of the middle frame 140 can be about 3.5m, and the overall height of the support assembly can be about 1150mm, thereby meeting the rigidity and stability requirements when the fuel bed is laid out on a real scale and when there are multiple terrain combinations.

[0053] In this embodiment, the central axis connecting structure 151 is disposed in the middle of the upper end face of the central frame 140 and extends along the unfolded width direction of the main fuel bed unit 100. The central axis connecting structure 151 and the central frame 140 are fixedly installed, that is, the central axis connecting structure 151 is disposed on the central frame 140 as the central support for the relative rotation of the two wing fuel beds 150, so that the two wing fuel beds 150 can rotate relative to each other around the central axis connecting structure 151 above the central frame 140. The central frame 140 is used to provide the installation foundation and force support for the central axis connecting structure 151, and to bear the load generated during the folding, unfolding and angle change of the two wing fuel beds 150, thereby ensuring that the two wing fuel beds 150 have a stable rotation fulcrum and support foundation when adjusting the terrain angle.

[0054] The first attitude adjustment component includes a slope adjustment mechanism 160 and an angle adjustment mechanism 170. The slope adjustment mechanism 160 is used to lift the tail of the main fuel bed unit 100 to form different slopes, and the angle adjustment mechanism 170 is used to lift the two ends of the main fuel bed unit 100 to form different terrain angles. In this embodiment, the slope adjustment mechanism 160 and the angle adjustment mechanism 170 can be driven by hydraulic actuators and coordinated by the control system 10. The control system 10 can be fluidly connected to the hydraulic oil pump 20 to provide pressurized oil to each hydraulic actuator and realize independent adjustment of different action channels. This allows the slope of the main fuel bed unit 100 to be adjusted within the range of 0-45° to simulate continuous variable slope forest terrain with different slopes. At the same time, the angle of the V-shaped canyon formed on both sides of the main fuel bed unit 100 can be adjusted within the range of about 100°-180°, and the folding angle of one side of the two wing fuel beds 150 can be adjusted within the range of about 0°-40° to simulate the sudden behavior of fire spread under complex canyon terrain. The slope adjustment mechanism 160 may include two symmetrically arranged first hydraulic rods. The fixed end of the first hydraulic rod is connected to the base frame 110 and the extended end is connected to the middle frame 140. Thus, the controlled lifting of one side of the middle frame 140 can be achieved by the extension and retraction of the first hydraulic rod in conjunction with the hinge relationship between the base frame 110 and the middle frame 140.

[0055] In this embodiment, in addition to the first hydraulic rod used in the slope adjustment mechanism 160, the angle adjustment mechanism 170 can be composed of multiple second hydraulic rods respectively arranged on both sides of the central axis connecting structure 151 and correspondingly cooperating with the two wing fuel beds 150. The fixed end of each second hydraulic rod can be connected to the central frame 140, and its extended end can be connected to the bottom bearing connection part of the corresponding wing fuel bed 150. Through the synchronous extension and retraction of the multiple second hydraulic rods, the two wing fuel beds 150 can be driven to rotate relative to each other around the central axis connecting structure 151, thereby adjusting the folding angle state between the two wing fuel beds 150. In an optional embodiment, in order to improve the uniformity of force and torsional stiffness when the large-size wing fuel bed 150 folds and changes angle, the angle adjustment mechanism 170 adopts multiple second hydraulic rods arranged in sections to achieve multi-point synchronous lifting. Therefore, the folding angle of the two wing fuel beds 150 can be adjusted within a preset range, and the main fuel bed unit 100 can form different V-shaped terrain angles to meet the construction requirements of canyon-type terrain conditions in the complex terrain forest fire simulation test.

[0056] Similarly, the tilt adjustment mechanism 240 can also be implemented hydraulically. That is, the tilt adjustment mechanism 240 can consist of two symmetrically arranged third hydraulic rods. The fixed end of the third hydraulic rod is connected to the top support, and the extended end is connected to the load-bearing connection at the bottom of the extended fuel bed unit 260. The extension and retraction of the third hydraulic rods drives the extended fuel bed unit 260 to rotate around the hinge between it and the top support, forming the target tilt angle. The second and third hydraulic rods belong to the angle adjustment mechanism 170 and the tilt adjustment mechanism 240 respectively, and are distinguished from the first hydraulic rod of the slope adjustment mechanism 160. Each hydraulic rod can be supplied with oil by the control system 10 in conjunction with the hydraulic pump 20, achieving independent adjustment of its action channel, thereby satisfying the independent setting and reset of parameters such as slope, terrain angle, and tilt angle.

[0057] The main fuel bed unit 100 can be designed in terms of materials and dimensions according to the requirements of real-scale testing. For example, the wing fuel bed 150 can be assembled and welded from carbon steel square tubes to form a frame, and a metal panel can be laid on its surface to form a combustible material bearing surface. The outer perimeter of one side of the main fuel bed unit 100 can be about 8m×5m and used to lay forest combustibles during the test. After the two wing fuel beds 150 are unfolded, they can form a fuel bed of about 8m×10m to achieve a larger area of ​​fire spread observation window. In order to achieve the controllability and repeatability of ignition, the ignition assembly can include an ignition groove 152 set on one side of the main fuel bed unit 100. The ignition groove 152 can be a detachable structure and used to place ignition cotton and other ignition materials. It can also work with the ignition needle 154 to achieve rapid ignition and consistent control of ignition position, so that the forest combustibles laid on the surface of the fuel bed are ignited by the ignition groove 152.

[0058] To ensure stable fuel deployment under varying slopes, densities, and combustible types, and to prevent fuel slippage and distortion of operating conditions under inclined conditions, the terrain construction component also includes at least two fuel fixing components. These fuel fixing components are respectively installed on the surfaces of the main fuel bed unit 100 and the extended fuel bed unit 260, and include an array of pillars and pillar splicing plates. A first pillar array 153 is installed on the wing fuel bed 150, and a second pillar array 250 is installed on the extended fuel bed unit 260. The first pillar array 153 and the second pillar array 250 can be vertically arranged metal pillars spaced 50cm x 50cm apart. The gap array is welded to the surface of the fuel bed. The column diameter can be about 1cm and the height can be about 10cm. This is used to prevent small combustibles such as dead branches, leaves, weeds, lichens, mosses and pine needles from sliding around when simulating the spread of small combustibles on the forest surface. It is also used to fix three-dimensional combustibles such as shrubs, saplings and dwarf trees when simulating the spread of shrub combustibles. The column splicing plate can be detachably set in the grid unit of the column array and can provide additional column layouts with a spacing of, for example, 5cm×5cm, to form fuel fixing areas of different densities on the same fuel bed and to simulate combustible scenarios with different shrub densities or loads.

[0059] The monitoring and recording components include a camera recording unit, a timing unit, and a sensor acquisition unit. The camera recording unit is used to record the fire spread process, the deployment process of the fire-blocking agent, the application process of the extinguishing agent, and the extinguishing process. The timing unit is used to time the extinguishing time. The sensor acquisition unit is used to collect environmental parameters and includes multiple wind speed and temperature sensors 155 installed at different locations on the fuel bed. In this embodiment, the wind speed and temperature sensors 155 can be installed on the surface of the fuel bed and, for example, five wind speed and temperature sensors 155 can be arranged along the axial direction on both sides of the central axis connecting structure 151, and, for example, ten wind speed and temperature sensors 155 can be arranged in the direction perpendicular to the central axis connecting structure 151, so as to realize multi-point acquisition of wind speed and temperature at different locations on the surface of the main fuel bed and provide environmental parameter baselines and process data support for fire spread and agent effectiveness evaluation.

[0060] In this embodiment, the extended fuel bed unit 260 is mounted on a movable support frame 230. The movable support frame 230 is a tiered load-bearing structure, which, from bottom to top, includes a movable wheel system 210 for movement and steering, a second leveling and lifting structure 220 for leveling the ground on the movable support frame 230, a height adjustment mechanism for raising and lowering the extended fuel bed unit 260, and a top support at the top. The second leveling and lifting structure 220 is preferably a screw-driven lifting structure that finely adjusts the height of each support point after the movable support frame 230 is positioned to eliminate tilting caused by uneven ground. The height adjustment mechanism is preferably a hydraulic lifting actuator and is located between the second leveling and lifting structure 220 and the top support. The top support rises and falls as a whole with the height adjustment mechanism, thereby allowing the installation height of the extended fuel bed unit 260 to be adjustable within, for example, a range of 1150mm to 4500mm. The extended fuel bed unit 260 is mounted on the top support and hinged to it, allowing the extended fuel bed unit 260 to rotate relative to the top support around the hinge axis to change its tilt angle. The fixed end of the third hydraulic rod of the tilt adjustment mechanism 240 is connected to the top support, and the extended end is connected to the extended fuel bed unit 260. Thus, the extension and retraction of the third hydraulic rod drives the extended fuel bed unit 260 to rotate around the hinge axis and form a target tilt angle, for example, within the range of 0-80°. If necessary, a limit switch (unnumbered) can be provided to protect the extreme tilt angle of the extended fuel bed unit 260 or the extreme stroke of the height adjustment mechanism. The height adjustment mechanism and the tilt adjustment mechanism 240 together form the second attitude adjustment assembly. The height adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the installation height of the extended fuel bed unit 260, and the tilt adjustment mechanism 240 is used to adjust the tilt angle of the extended fuel bed unit 260. Ultimately, through the combination of moving wheel system, leveling and lifting structure, height adjustment mechanism, hinge and third hydraulic rod angle change, the extended fuel bed unit 260 can serve as an additional slope to simulate complex terrains such as ridges and valleys, or it can be spliced ​​with the main fuel bed unit 100 to form a multi-faceted continuous variable slope combination terrain, thereby improving the flexibility and repeatability of constructing complex terrain conditions.

[0061] In this embodiment, both the first leveling and lifting structure 120 and the second leveling and lifting structure 220 can be implemented using screw lifting structures commonly used in the art. These structures may include a screw, a nut pair, and a support assembly for limiting and bearing loads. The screw and nut pair cooperate to convert rotational motion into axial linear lifting motion, thereby fine-tuning the height of the base frame 110 or the movable support frame 230 relative to the ground and achieving leveling. In specific implementation, the screw can be driven by a handwheel, wrench interface, or reduction mechanism. The lifting stroke and bearing capacity can be selected and matched according to the weight requirements of the main fuel bed unit 100, the extended fuel bed unit 260, and the combustible material being laid. Furthermore, the screw lifting structure features a mature structure, strong locking and self-holding ability, high adjustment accuracy, and easy maintenance, meeting the rapid leveling and stable support requirements of the test platform under different site conditions.

[0062] A quick-connection structure is provided between the main fuel bed unit 100 and the extended fuel bed unit 260 for rapid positioning and locking. This quick-connection structure includes two fixing blocks 310, two spring-loaded balls 320, and a connecting plate 330. The two fixing blocks 310 are symmetrically arranged, with a corresponding spring-loaded ball 320 on the inner side of each fixing block 310. The left and right end faces of the connecting plate 330 each have a positioning groove that mates with the spring-loaded ball 320. This allows the connecting plate 330 to be quickly locked into the positioning groove by the spring-loaded ball 320 after insertion and positioning during assembly, while also providing repeatable positioning accuracy. This reduces the interference of the platform splicing slits on fire spread. To prevent air leakage, fire leakage, or fuel spillage at the slit, this embodiment provides a gap compensation cover 270 at the joint between the main fuel bed unit 100 and the extended fuel bed unit 260. The gap compensation cover 270 is made of a high-ductility refractory material (such as flame-retardant spandex cloth) and covers the joint slit. The gap compensation cover 270 is connected to the main fuel bed unit 100 and the extended fuel bed unit 260 through a perforated fixing structure. The perforated fixing structure includes a circular hole on the gap compensation cover 270 and fasteners that mate with the circular hole. Specifically, wires or similar materials can be passed through the circular hole and tied to the edge components of the fuel bed to achieve quick assembly and disassembly, thereby maintaining the reliability of the slit coverage during multiple splicing combinations and switching between different operating conditions.

[0063] Regarding the platform usage and operational condition construction, this embodiment can utilize only the main fuel bed unit 100 to realize a single-sided continuous variable slope forest fire scenario, or fold two wing fuel beds 150 to form a V-shaped two-sided continuous variable slope forest canyon fire scenario. Alternatively, at least one extended fuel bed unit 260 can be spliced ​​with one side of the main fuel bed unit 100 to form an N-shaped terrain with three-sided continuous variable slope, or two extended fuel bed units 260 can be spliced ​​with both sides of the main fuel bed unit 100 to form an M-shaped terrain with four-sided continuous variable slope. The angles of each fuel bed surface can be adjusted by combining the slope adjustment mechanism 160, the included angle adjustment mechanism 170, the height adjustment mechanism, and the tilt angle adjustment mechanism 240 to obtain richer and more complex terrain test conditions. In the evaluation of barrier agent effectiveness, the fuel bed can be regarded as a whole, and half of the continuous fuel bed area can be designated as the barrier agent placement area. The barrier agent is then placed in accordance with the actual situation. After uniformly covering the fuel bed area with the required thickness of fire extinguishing agent, an ignition slot 152 is set up and ignited. Simultaneously, a camera recording unit records the fire spread, and an air velocity and temperature sensor 155 collects environmental parameters. The combustion situation when the fire spreads to the area covered by the fire extinguishing agent is observed to determine the fire extinguishing effect. The absence of reignition after 30 minutes of stillness when the fire line is blocked is used as a valid criterion. The air velocity and temperature sensor 155 is an existing environmental parameter acquisition device that includes temperature and air velocity detection functions. In the evaluation of fire extinguishing agent effectiveness, the application parameters such as the fire extinguishing agent spray flow rate can be preset, and the fire extinguishing agent is applied when the fire spreads to the middle of the fuel bed. The extinguishing time is recorded by a timing unit, and the absence of reignition after 30 minutes of stillness after extinguishing is used as part of the evaluation output. Thus, the platform can not only be used for fire spread simulation research in complex terrain, but also for physical verification and comparative evaluation of fire extinguishing and fire extinguishing agents.

[0064] The working method of this embodiment

[0065] Step 1: Assemble the support assembly consisting of the main fuel bed unit 100, the base frame 110, and the middle frame 140. Level the support assembly using the first leveling and lifting structure 120 so that the bearing surface of the wing fuel bed 150 is in a preset horizontal reference state. At the same time, turn on the control system 10 and make the hydraulic oil pump 20 provide drive oil to the slope adjustment mechanism 160, the angle adjustment mechanism 170, the height adjustment mechanism (if needed), and the tilt adjustment mechanism 240 (if needed).

[0066] Step 2: Depending on the type of terrain to be simulated, select to use only the main fuel bed unit 100 or introduce at least one extended fuel bed unit 260. After the extended fuel bed unit 260 moves to the splicing side of the main fuel bed unit 100 with the moving support frame 230, the extended fuel bed unit 260 is adjusted to the splicing reference height by the height adjustment mechanism and leveled by the second leveling lifting structure 220.

[0067] Step 3: Insert the connecting plate 330 between the symmetrically arranged fixing blocks 310, and make the spring top ball 320 automatically engage with the positioning groove at the end of the connecting plate 330 to complete the quick-connect connection structure for quick positioning and locking, thereby realizing the detachable splicing of the main fuel bed unit 100 and the extended fuel bed unit 260; then cover the splicing slit with the gap compensation cover 270, and fix the round hole of the gap compensation cover 270 with the fastener through the perforated fixing structure to the edge position of the main fuel bed unit 100 and the extended fuel bed unit 260, so as to reduce the interference of the splicing slit on the fire spread and the entrainment airflow.

[0068] Step 4: The slope adjustment mechanism 160 drives two symmetrically arranged first hydraulic rods to extend and retract, which, in conjunction with the hinged relationship between the base frame 110 and the middle frame 140, changes the lifting state of the middle frame 140 to set the slope. The angle adjustment mechanism 170 drives the two wing fuel beds 150 to rotate relative to each other around the middle frame connection structure 151 through the synchronous extension and retraction of multiple second hydraulic rods arranged on both sides of the central axis connection structure 151, so as to form the target terrain angle. When it is necessary to construct a multi-faceted continuous variable slope, the installation height of the extended fuel bed unit 260 is adjusted by the height adjustment mechanism on the extended side, and the tilt angle of the extended fuel bed unit 260 is adjusted by the tilt adjustment mechanism 240, so that the main fuel bed unit 100 and the extended fuel bed unit 260 together form the target multi-faceted continuous variable slope terrain test condition.

[0069] Step 5: Arrange the first column array 153 on the surface of the wing fuel bed 150 and detachably install the column splicing plate in the grid unit of the column array according to the test requirements to change the column density. Arrange the second column array 250 on the surface of the extended fuel bed unit 260 and similarly configure the column splicing plate as needed. This will enable anti-slip restraint of small surface combustibles and fixation of three-dimensional combustibles such as shrubs under different slope and load / density conditions. Then, lay forest combustibles on the fuel bed surface according to the set area, set thickness and set load and complete the consistency check of the working conditions.

[0070] Step Six: Deploy multiple wind speed and temperature sensors 155 of the sensing and acquisition unit at different locations in the fuel bed. If necessary, the wind speed and temperature sensors 155 can be deployed as integrated acquisition points on both sides of the central axis connection structure 151 and at multiple points perpendicular to the central axis to obtain multiple environmental parameters during the fire spread process. At the same time, the shooting angle of the camera recording unit is arranged to cover the main fuel bed unit 100, the extended fuel bed unit 260 and the splicing slit area, and the start and stop triggering rules of the timing unit are calibrated.

[0071] Step 7: Place the detachable ignition slot 152 at the preset boundary position of the fuel bed and fill it with ignition material. If necessary, it can be used with the ignition needle 154 to achieve a fast and consistent ignition operation. Before ignition, confirm the target parameter locking status of the first attitude adjustment component and the second attitude adjustment component.

[0072] Step 8: When performing the barrier agent effectiveness assessment, first delineate the barrier area on the fuel bed and form a barrier agent covering layer in the barrier area. Then, ignite the area without barrier agent coverage through ignition slot 152 to form a fire line. During the fire spread process, continuously collect environmental parameters and record the fire spread process. Record the blocking or crossing situation when the fire line reaches the barrier area. If the fire line is blocked and left to stand for 30 minutes without reignition, the barrier agent is deemed effective and the evaluation results under the corresponding terrain parameters and environmental parameters are output.

[0073] When performing an evaluation of the effectiveness of extinguishing agents, the release parameters of the extinguishing agents are preset. The ignition is carried out through the ignition slot 152 to ignite the fuel bed at the preset boundary to form a fire line. When the fire line spreads to the pre-set release position, the extinguishing agent is applied. The video recording unit records the extinguishing process simultaneously, and the timing unit records the extinguishing time. After extinguishing, the fire is left to stand for 30 minutes and the reignition is monitored. If there is no reignition during the standing period, the extinguishing time and the reignition judgment result are output and compared with the environmental parameters and terrain parameters to form a comparable dataset.

[0074] Step 9: After completing the test, remove the perforated fixing structure of the gap compensation cover 270 and remove the quick-connect structure to separate the extended fuel bed unit 260 from the main fuel bed unit 100 for easy switching of operating conditions or transportation and storage. Repeat steps 2 to 8 according to the requirements of the next round of testing to achieve repeatable comparative evaluation of multiple operating conditions.

[0075] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test platform for forest fire containment and extinguishing effectiveness, characterized in that: It includes support components, terrain construction components, first attitude adjustment components, second attitude adjustment components, monitoring and recording components, and ignition components; The support components are used to provide load-bearing support for the test platform and to level the test platform; The terrain construction component is used to form a fuel bed for laying forest combustibles and to construct a continuous variable slope and multifaceted complex terrain. The terrain construction component includes a main fuel bed unit (100) and at least one extended fuel bed unit (260). The main fuel bed unit (100) and the extended fuel bed unit (260) are detachably spliced ​​together to form the fuel bed. The first attitude adjustment component cooperates with the main fuel bed unit (100), and the second attitude adjustment component cooperates with the extended fuel bed unit (260). The first attitude adjustment component and the second attitude adjustment component are used together to adjust at least two of the slope, terrain angle, height and inclination angle of the fuel bed, so as to construct complex terrain conditions with different combinations of face numbers under real-scale conditions. The ignition assembly is located at the outer periphery of the fuel bed and is used to ignite the forest combustibles. The monitoring and recording component is used to record the fire spread process, the deployment process of the fire barrier agent, and the application process of the extinguishing agent. It is also used to collect environmental parameters at different locations on the fuel bed to obtain repeatable and comparable basic data for evaluating the effectiveness of the extinguishing agents.

2. The forest fire containment and extinguishing efficiency test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main fuel bed unit (100) includes a central axis connecting structure (151) and two wing fuel beds (150). The two wing fuel beds (150) are connected to each other along their corresponding edges and can rotate relative to each other around the central axis connecting structure (151) to form a foldable variable angle main fuel bed structure. The support assembly includes a base frame (110), a middle frame (140), and a first leveling and lifting structure (120). The base frame (110) is provided with the first leveling and lifting structure (120) at its bottom. The central shaft connecting structure (151) is located in the middle of the upper end face of the middle frame (140). The base frame (110) is located directly below the middle frame (140). The base frame (110) and the middle frame (140) can be hinged in the width direction by a hinge device.

3. The forest fire containment and extinguishing efficiency test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first attitude adjustment component includes a slope adjustment mechanism (160) and an angle adjustment mechanism (170). The slope adjustment mechanism (160) is used to lift the tail of the main fuel bed unit (100) to form different slopes, and the angle adjustment mechanism (170) is used to lift the two ends of the main fuel bed unit (100) to form different terrain angles.

4. The forest fire containment and extinguishing efficiency test platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The slope adjustment mechanism (160) includes two symmetrically arranged first hydraulic rods. The fixed end of the first hydraulic rod is connected to the base frame (110), and the extended end of the first hydraulic rod is connected to the middle frame (140).

5. The forest fire containment and extinguishing efficiency test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extended fuel bed unit (260) is mounted on a movable support frame (230), which is equipped with a movable wheel system (210) and a second leveling and lifting structure (220). The second attitude adjustment component includes a height adjustment mechanism and a tilt adjustment mechanism (240). The height adjustment mechanism is used to adjust the installation height of the extended fuel bed unit (260), and the tilt adjustment mechanism (240) is used to adjust the tilt angle of the extended fuel bed unit (260).

6. The forest fire containment and extinguishing efficiency test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: A quick-connect connection structure is provided between the main fuel bed unit (100) and the extended fuel bed unit (260) to achieve rapid positioning and locking.

7. A test platform for forest fire containment and extinguishing effectiveness according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main fuel bed unit (100) and the extended fuel bed unit (260) are provided with a gap compensation cover (270) at the splicing point. The gap compensation cover (270) is made of high ductility refractory material and covers the splicing slit. The gap compensation cover (270) is connected to the main fuel bed unit (100) and the extended fuel bed unit (260) through a perforated fixing structure. The perforated fixing structure includes a circular hole provided on the gap compensation cover (270) and a fastener that mates with the circular hole.

8. The experimental platform for forest fire suppression efficiency in complex terrain as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The terrain building assembly also includes at least two fuel fixing assemblies, which are respectively disposed on the surfaces of the main fuel bed unit (100) and the extended fuel bed unit (260); The fuel fixing assembly includes a column array and column splicing plates. The column array is used to prevent slippage and limit small surface combustibles and to fix three-dimensional combustibles. The column splicing plates can be detachably installed in the grid cells of the column array to change the column density.

9. The forest fire containment and extinguishing efficiency test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring and recording component includes a camera recording unit, a timing unit, and a sensor acquisition unit; The video recording unit is used to record the fire spread process, the process of covering and deploying fire-extinguishing agents, the process of applying fire-extinguishing agents, and the fire extinguishing process. The timing unit is used to time the fire extinguishing time. The sensing and acquisition unit is used to collect environmental parameters and includes multiple wind speed and temperature sensors (155) set at different locations on the fuel bed.

10. A method for evaluating the effectiveness of forest fire prevention and extinguishing agents, characterized in that: Includes the following steps; A test platform for forest fire containment and extinguishing efficiency as described in any one of claims 1-9 is provided, wherein forest combustibles are laid on the fuel bed, and test conditions of continuous variable slope and multi-faceted complex terrain are set by the first attitude adjustment component and the second attitude adjustment component. When evaluating the effectiveness of the barrier agent, a barrier area is delineated on the fuel bed and a barrier agent covering layer is formed in the barrier area. Ignition positions are set in the areas where the barrier agent is not covered. The ignition component is used to ignite the area without the barrier agent to form a fire line. During the fire spread, the monitoring and recording component synchronously records the fire spread process and collects environmental parameters at different locations of the fuel bed. It records the blocking or crossing of the fire line when it reaches the barrier area. If the fire line is blocked and left to stand for 30 minutes without reignition, the barrier agent is deemed to be effective. When evaluating the effectiveness of extinguishing agents, the release parameters of the extinguishing agents are preset. The ignition assembly is used to ignite the fuel bed at a preset boundary to form a fire line. When the fire line spreads to the preset release position, the extinguishing agent is applied and the extinguishing process is recorded and the extinguishing time is timed. If there is no reignition after 30 minutes of standing still after extinguishing, the extinguishing time and reignition judgment result are output.

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