Soft soil revetment design method considering wave influence

Abstract

The invention discloses a soft soil revetment design method considering wave influence, and belongs to the technical field of coast engineering. The method comprises the following steps: analyzing wave elements and load data by simulating tide and wave propagation, and determining main factors influencing the deformation and stress of a revetment structure; non-linear characteristics of soft soil are simulated, and a stress path of a soil body under the action of a wave load is considered; finite element software is adopted to establish a bank protection structure model, and factors of interaction, large deformation and contact problems of the structure and a soil body are considered; through data simulation, the influence of the wave height and the wave moment on the stress and deformation of the structure is clarified; and dynamic data of the environment where the bank protection project is located is fed back to numerical simulation of the bank protection structure, and input parameters of the model are continuously updated, so that the model can dynamically reflect changes of actual project working conditions. The wave load and soft soil coupling effect can be accurately reflected, the accuracy, safety and economical efficiency of revetment design are improved, and the method is suitable for various soft soil foundation revetment projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coastal revetment engineering, specifically relating to a design method for soft soil revetment that takes into account the effects of waves. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the marine economy and the exploitation of coastal resources, infrastructure construction in coastal areas is increasing. Shelters, as an important form of coastal protection engineering, are widely used in projects such as ports, wharves, waterways, and seaside resorts. However, soft soil foundations are common in coastal areas, with low bearing capacity and large deformation, posing a serious threat to the stability of shelter structures. Furthermore, coastal areas are frequently subjected to wave action, and the impact of wave loads on the stability of shelter structures cannot be ignored. Therefore, shelter structures on soft soil foundations need to be designed considering the effects of waves to ensure their safety and reliability.

[0003] Bank protection projects on soft soil foundations face numerous challenges. First, soft soil layers are typically thick, exceeding 20 meters, and possess characteristics such as high water content, low shear strength, and high compressibility, making the bank protection foundation prone to settlement and sliding. Second, wave loads are complex, including horizontal impact forces, buoyancy forces, and pulsating pressures. These loads are transmitted to the foundation through the revetment blocks or breast walls, further exacerbating the deformation and weakening of the soft soil. Third, wave breaking patterns are significantly influenced by topographic conditions. On steep slopes, waves break in the middle of the bank protection, leading to increased horizontal forces on the breast walls; on gentle slopes, waves break at the top, potentially causing increased overtopping and block slippage. Furthermore, wave-induced seabed scouring weakens the bank protection base; when the scouring depth exceeds one-third of the bank height or the width reaches 2-5 meters, it may trigger overall bank instability.

[0004] Traditional revetment design methods are primarily designed for hard foundations and are difficult to apply directly to soft soil foundations. In soft soil foundations, the bearing capacity and settlement deformation of the revetment structure are closely related to the properties of the foundation soil, and wave loads further affect the stability of the revetment. Traditional wave load calculation methods are mainly based on linear wave theory, which is difficult to accurately simulate the nonlinear characteristics of extreme waves, leading to conservative design results or potential safety hazards. For example, experimental studies have shown that when there is a steep slope in front of the revetment, the experimental value of the horizontal force on the breast wall is much larger than the calculated value in the code, while the buoyancy force is closer to the code value. This indicates that traditional calculation methods cannot accurately predict the effect of waves on the revetment in some cases. In addition, the current "Design Code for Breakwaters and Revetments" (JTS154-2018) is not perfect in its calculation method for wave forces on the breast wall under deep-water breakwaters (water depth > 20m) and shelter conditions, with a difference of 10%-30% from the measured results of physical model tests, requiring reliance on experiments or correction factors.

[0005] Traditional soft soil foundation treatment technologies also have limitations in revetment engineering. Replacement methods are suitable for soft soil with a thickness of no more than 4m, but are less economical for deep soft soil foundations; blasting and silt removal with rock filling is suitable for silt and silty soil with a thickness of 4-25m, but construction risks are high; composite foundation methods such as sand piles and gravel piles can improve the bearing capacity of the foundation, but large-area treatment costs are high and construction periods are long; chemical reinforcement methods such as cement mixing piles have significant reinforcement effects, but the cost is generally high and they are also detrimental to the environment; dynamic consolidation methods such as dynamic compaction and vibratory rolling have limited treatment and influence depth on the foundation, and are generally only suitable for reinforcing shallow layers; surcharge preloading and vacuum preloading are relatively effective preloading drainage consolidation methods, but vacuum preloading treatment depth is generally no more than 8m, and its effect on deep soft soil is limited, while surcharge preloading can treat deeper soft soil, but the construction period is long.

[0006] In recent years, with the deepening development of marine engineering and the increasing environmental protection requirements, new types of revetment structures and technologies have gradually emerged. For example, prefabricated revetment structures, assembled on-site from precast components, offer advantages such as fast construction speed, controllable quality, and environmental friendliness. Ecological revetments, utilizing technologies such as vegetation slope protection, vegetation mats, and geocells, can both protect bank slopes from erosion and restore the ecological functions of the shoreline. Fluid-structure interaction three-dimensional numerical models combined with GPU computing technology can more accurately simulate the interaction between waves and revetment blocks, addressing the shortcomings of traditional linear wave theory. However, these new technologies and methods still face many challenges in analyzing the coupling effects of soft soil foundations and wave action, assessing long-term stability, and optimizing designs. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides a design method for soft soil revetments that considers wave effects, solving technical challenges such as stability and deformation control in revetment projects on coastal soft soil foundations under wave loads. Specifically, it addresses issues such as insufficient accuracy due to traditional wave load calculations relying on linear theory, and the neglect of nonlinear characteristics and stress path effects in soil analysis, leading to safety hazards, resource waste, and ecological damage in revetment structures. This invention is of great significance for improving the safety, reliability, and economy of revetment structures. This method should be able to accurately predict the bearing capacity, settlement deformation, and stability of soft soil revetments under wave action, while also considering environmental protection and construction efficiency, providing a scientific, efficient, and environmentally friendly design solution for revetment projects on coastal soft soil foundations.

[0008] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a design method for soft soil revetment considering wave effects, characterized by the following steps:

[0009] S1. Based on the tidal conditions and wave spectrum characteristics of the target sea area, simulate the wave propagation process, obtain wave elements such as wave height, period, and wave direction under different wave level conditions, and calculate the corresponding wave load time history data.

[0010] S2. A constitutive model for soft soil that can reflect the stress path effect is adopted to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of soft soil under the cyclic action of the wave load and determine the equivalent soil mechanical parameters that vary with the wave level.

[0011] S3. Based on the wave load time history data and equivalent soil mechanical parameters, establish a coupled numerical model of revetment structure and soft soil foundation. The model simultaneously considers nonlinearity of structure-soil contact, evolution of pore water pressure, and large deformation effect.

[0012] S4. Calculate the stress response and deformation response of the revetment structure under different wave levels using the coupled numerical model, and identify the wave control parameters that play a dominant role in structural safety based on the preset deformation control index and stability criteria.

[0013] S5. When the wave control parameters or structural response exceed the preset threshold, the model parameter update mechanism is triggered, and the updated wave load parameters and soil equivalent parameters are fed back to the coupled numerical model. The geometric parameters of the revetment structure are iteratively optimized through a multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain a soft soil revetment design scheme that meets the requirements of stability, deformation control and engineering applicability.

[0014] Furthermore, the aforementioned step S1 includes the following sub-steps:

[0015] S1.1 First, use SWS wave software to simulate tidal changes and wave propagation to obtain wave element data with different wave frequencies, wave heights and wave directions;

[0016] S1.2 Calculate wave load data, including hydrodynamic pressure and wave moment, and use them as input parameters for the analysis of the revetment structure model;

[0017] S1.3 Analyze wave elements and load data to determine that wave height and wave moment are the main factors affecting the deformation and stress of the revetment structure.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S2, an improved constitutive model for soft soil is introduced to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of soft soil by incorporating a wave cycle cumulative damage factor. A parameter evolution mechanism that varies with the number of wave load cycles and stress path is also introduced, allowing the shear strength and compression parameters of the soil to dynamically adjust during wave action, thus characterizing the cumulative impact of wave load on the mechanical properties of soft soil. Specifically, the nonlinear behavior of soft soil shear strength increasing with effective stress and compression modulus changing with strain path is simulated. The stress path effect under wave load is incorporated into the numerical simulation, and the differences in soil mechanical behavior under dynamic and static loading paths are compared and analyzed. The influence of different stress paths on soil strength and deformation is clarified, providing dynamic mechanical parameter support for the interaction analysis of revetment soil.

[0019] Furthermore, in the aforementioned step S3, establishing the coupled numerical model of the revetment structure and soil specifically includes the following sub-steps:

[0020] S3.1. The contact interface between the revetment structure and the soft soil foundation is defined using a master-slave surface contact model, and the friction coefficient and cohesion of the contact surface are set.

[0021] S3.2. Pore pressure elements are selected for soft soil foundations to couple and simulate the generation, diffusion and dissipation process of excess pore water pressure caused by wave loads.

[0022] S3.3. Use arbitrary Lagrange-Euler method or adaptive mesh technology to deal with the large deformation of structure and soil caused by wave load.

[0023] Furthermore, in the aforementioned soft soil revetment design method considering wave effects, the friction coefficient between the structure and the soil in the master-slave surface contact model is 0.2-0.4, and the cohesion is 20-30 kPa.

[0024] Furthermore, in the aforementioned step S3, ALE technology or adaptive mesh technology is used to address the large deformation problem of the revetment structure under wave load.

[0025] Furthermore, the objective function of the aforementioned multi-objective optimization algorithm includes at least the maximum deformation of the revetment structure, the stress utilization coefficient of key parts, and the amount of structural materials used. The weights of each objective function are automatically adjusted according to the wave level conditions to achieve synergistic optimization of the safety and economy of the revetment structure under different wave action conditions.

[0026] Furthermore, the aforementioned soft soil revetment design method considering wave effects obtains the stress distribution, strain state, and displacement response of the revetment structure under wave action through finite element analysis, and determines the location of the maximum stress and the relationship between the deformation and wave height.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of the present invention using the above technical solution are as follows:

[0028] In today's world, where ecological and environmental protection are of paramount importance, the design of revetment projects cannot solely focus on structural safety; ecological impact is equally crucial. Traditional designs often neglect ecological factors, causing damage to the surrounding ecosystem. This invention incorporates ecological impact into a multi-objective optimization system, fully considering the protection of aquatic ecosystems and habitats of flora and fauna during the design phase. In ecologically sensitive areas, eco-friendly revetment structures and construction techniques are prioritized to minimize disruption to the ecosystem. Moreover, precise design enhances the stability and durability of revetment projects, reducing the need for ecological restoration due to structural damage. The application of this technology not only helps maintain regional ecological balance and promotes harmonious coexistence between humans and nature but also improves urban landscape quality, enhances residents' well-being, and creates significant social and environmental benefits. It provides strong technical support for sustainable development, propelling the field of revetment engineering towards a greener and more scientific direction. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0031] In this invention, various aspects of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which numerous illustrative embodiments are shown. Embodiments of the invention are not limited to those depicted in the drawings. It should be understood that the invention is implemented through any of the various concepts and embodiments described above, as well as the concepts and embodiments described in detail below, because the concepts and embodiments disclosed herein are not limited to any particular implementation. Furthermore, some aspects of the invention disclosed may be used alone or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the invention disclosed.

[0032] The core of this invention lies in establishing a design method for soft soil revetments considering wave loads. Through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, it comprehensively considers factors such as wave action, soil properties, and the geometric characteristics of the revetment structure to determine the stability and deformation of the revetment structure, and selects appropriate revetment structure forms and construction parameters. The method provided by this invention is as follows:

[0033] S1. By simulating the propagation of tides and waves, wave element data of different frequencies, wave heights and wave directions are obtained. Based on the wave element data, wave loads are calculated to determine the main factors affecting the deformation and stress of the revetment structure.

[0034] S2. To simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of soft soil and consider the stress path effect under wave loading, an improved elastoplastic constitutive model considering cyclic weakening effect is constructed. Specifically, the model introduces a "cyclic cumulative pore pressure factor" and a "stiffness degradation index." During wave cyclic loading, the soil skeleton undergoes irreversible plastic deformation, leading to the continuous accumulation of pore water pressure. This method, through secondary development, defines the size of the soil yield surface at the next moment as a function of the cumulative plastic shear strain. This means that as the number of wave impacts increases, the soil yield surface will shrink (i.e., soften), thus accurately simulating the "wave liquefaction" or "cyclic softening" phenomena that traditional models cannot predict.

[0035] S3. Based on the wave load from step S1 and the soft soil parameters from step S2, when establishing the fluid-solid-pore pressure coupling model, this invention abandons the traditional approach of simplifying wave force to static force and instead establishes a transient pressure-seepage boundary mapping mechanism. Specifically, the wave hydrodynamic pressure field P(x,t) calculated in S1 is directly mapped to the transient head boundary conditions of the foundation surface. For the contact surface between the revetment and the soft soil, this embodiment adopts an effective stress-related friction model. Unlike the traditional method of setting a fixed friction coefficient (such as 0.3), the interfacial shear strength in this method changes dynamically with the dissipation of excess pore water pressure at the interface. When the wave crest acts, the base pressure increases and the friction force increases; when the wave trough acts (generating buoyancy force), the effective stress of the base decreases and the friction force decreases significantly. The model captures this high-frequency changing contact state in real time and can accurately identify the critical state of "instantaneous slippage" of the revetment.

[0036] S4. Numerical simulation is performed using the coupled numerical model to analyze the stress distribution and deformation law of the revetment structure under wave load, and to clarify the main controlling influence of wave height and wave moment on the stress and deformation of the structure.

[0037] S5. Feed back the dynamic monitoring or simulation data of the actual environment of the revetment project to the coupled numerical model, update the input parameters, and optimize the design parameters of the revetment structure based on the multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain the soft soil revetment design scheme.

[0038] As a preferred method, the wave load calculation in step S1 employs numerical simulation, which more accurately reflects the impact of waves on the revetment structure compared to traditional empirical formulas. First, SWS wave software is used to simulate tidal changes and wave propagation, obtaining wave element data for different frequencies, wave heights, and wave directions. For example, the simulation results show that within one hour, the maximum wave height H_max = 3m, and the maximum wave moment M_max = 50kN·m, with the wave moment exhibiting periodic changes within one hour. Subsequently, the hydrodynamic pressure and wave moment are calculated separately and used as input parameters for the revetment structure model analysis, accurately locating the differences in wave moment at different locations on the revetment structure, revealing that the maximum value occurs near the top of the structure. Simultaneously, through systematic analysis of wave elements and loads, it is clarified that wave height and wave moment are the main factors affecting the deformation and stress of the revetment structure, achieving in-depth analysis and quantification of the wave load effect. This innovation not only revolutionizes the calculation method of wave loads, but also closely couples wave loads with the stress on the revetment structure, providing a reliable data foundation for subsequent design. This enables the revetment design to better adapt to complex and ever-changing wave environments, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the design.

[0039] As a preferred option, step S2 involves analyzing the soil properties, using a modified Cambridge model to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of soft soil, and considering the stress path effect of the soil under wave load.

[0040] The modified Cambridge model was used to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of soft soil and to consider the stress path effect under wave load. This was achieved in the following way: The modified Cambridge model can better reflect the strength, compression and volumetric deformation characteristics of soft soil, and simulate the nonlinear behavior of soft soil shear strength with the increase of effective stress and compression modulus with the strain path. The stress path effect under wave load was included in the numerical simulation. By comparing and analyzing the differences in soil mechanical behavior under dynamic and static loading paths, the influence of different stress paths on soil strength and deformation can be clarified, providing dynamic mechanical parameter support for the interaction analysis of revetment soil.

[0041] As a preferred method, the revetment structure model in step S3 is established using finite element software, taking into account factors such as the interaction between the structure and soil, large deformation, and contact issues. A pore pressure element model (such as CAX4P pore pressure element) and a material model are selected. The establishment of the revetment structure model deeply integrates the interaction between soft soil characteristics and wave loads, focusing on the interaction between the structure and soil. Through innovative design of the contact model, the mechanical properties of friction and cohesion between the two are clarified. Simultaneously, suitable element types are specifically selected to capture changes in pore water pressure in the soil, solving the problem that traditional models cannot reflect complex interface behavior. Based on this, advanced dynamic mesh processing technology is introduced to overcome the technical bottleneck of mesh distortion under large deformation conditions. In-depth research on the spatial effects of wave loads and the nonlinear response of the soil ensures accurate capture of the structural stress state and deformation patterns. The model construction further integrates the dynamic characteristic data of wave loads and the stress path effect parameters of the soil under wave action, analyzes the stress distribution and deformation patterns of the structure under wave action, clarifies the main controlling factors, and provides data support for design optimization. Throughout the process, the model's verification and adjustment were based on a systematic understanding of the characteristics of soft soil revetment engineering, organically combining dynamic loads, soil parameters, and structural responses.

[0042] This invention fully considers the stress path effect of soil under wave load in numerical simulation and deeply analyzes the mechanical behavior of soil under different paths. The study found that the stress path of soil under wave load differs significantly from that under static loading, and this difference directly leads to changes in the strength and deformation characteristics of the soil. Through a systematic analysis of soil properties, the mechanical behavior of soil under different stress paths is clarified, and the influence of wave load on soil properties is evaluated. Key parameters such as the undrained shear strength τ_ud = 30 kPa, compression modulus E_c = 10 MPa, and Poisson's ratio ν = 0.3 are determined, accurately revealing the significant impact of the stress path effect on the strength and deformation characteristics of the soil. This innovation fills the gap in traditional design simulation of soil dynamic mechanical properties, laying a solid foundation for accurately evaluating the interaction between soft soil revetments and soil, and making the design more aligned with actual engineering needs.

[0043] Secondly, a master-slave surface contact model is used to simulate the interaction between the revetment structure and the soil. The master-slave surface contact model is constructed based on the study of the interaction characteristics between the soft soil revetment structure and the soil. It combines the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the soil (such as the stress path effect revealed by the modified Cambridge model) and the stress characteristics of the structure. By clarifying key parameters such as friction coefficient and cohesion, a model form that adapts to the dynamic contact state under wave load is formed, and innovative analysis results on the dynamic mechanical parameters of pile-soil interaction are incorporated.

[0044] The model describes the shearing and bonding characteristics between the structure and soil by defining the friction coefficient and cohesion at the contact surface, reflecting the relative sliding and force transmission process between the structure and soil under repeated wave loads. Combined with adaptive mesh generation technology, the model can adapt to large deformations of the structure and soil under wave loads, ensuring continuous and accurate simulation of the contact state. It dynamically captures complex mechanical behaviors such as stress transfer and displacement coordination during the interaction, providing a reliable basis for analyzing structural stability and deformation.

[0045] Factors such as friction and cohesion are considered. For example, the friction coefficient at the interface between the structure and the soil in the model is taken as 0.3, and the cohesion is taken as 25 kPa. Furthermore, ALE technology is used to simulate the large deformation of the revetment structure. When using ALE technology to simulate large deformation of the revetment structure, it is necessary to determine the area for adjusting the mesh. This area covers the region where the structure interacts with the soil and where significant deformation may occur. During the calculation, the mesh is re-divided at a set frequency. By optimizing the mesh shape and distribution, the mesh distortion problem caused by large deformation of the structure or soil is solved. At the same time, the stress, strain, and other physical quantities information in the old mesh are accurately transferred to the new mesh to ensure the continuity and accuracy of the calculation, thereby achieving accurate simulation of the stress and displacement of the revetment structure under large deformation conditions.

[0046] As a preferred approach, to ensure mesh quality and computational accuracy, the model employs adaptive meshing technology, automatically adjusting the shape and size of the mesh based on nodal displacements and strain changes to guarantee mesh quality. Finally, through model analysis, the model's rationality and accuracy are determined, and its predictive ability for the stress state and displacement response of the revetment structure is evaluated.

[0047] In the analysis phase, wave load calculation results (including dynamic load data for different frequencies, wave heights, and wave directions, as well as the spatial distribution of hydrodynamic pressure and wave moments) and soil parameters (key mechanical parameters under nonlinear characteristics and stress path effects determined based on the modified Cambridge model) are integrated and input into the revetment structure model. The analysis focuses on the stress distribution characteristics of the structure under wave action (such as the location and causes of stress peaks), strain state, and displacement response patterns (such as the trend of deformation with wave height), clarifying the influence mechanism of key factors such as wave height and wave moments on the structural stress and deformation. In the evaluation phase, the model's predicted maximum displacement, maximum stress, and other key indicators are compared with engineering experience to verify their consistency. Furthermore, by analyzing the model's ability to capture structural responses under different working conditions (such as variations in wave parameters and differences in soil properties), the model's ability to accurately reflect actual mechanical behavior under complex conditions is assessed.

[0048] Preferably, step S4 involves numerical simulation analysis to evaluate the impact of wave loads on the revetment structure and determine its stability and deformation. First, the stress state of the revetment structure under wave load is analyzed, including stress distribution, strain state, and displacement response. For example, simulation results show that the stress distribution of the revetment structure under wave load is uneven, with the maximum stress occurring near the top of the structure, and the stress increasing with wave height. Second, the deformation of the revetment structure is analyzed, including deformation at the top and overall deformation, considering soil nonlinearity and stress path effects.

[0049] The determination of the deformation of the revetment structure is based on a revetment structure model. By simulating the stress state of the structure under wave action, displacement data of various parts of the structure are obtained, thereby determining the magnitude and distribution characteristics of the deformation. The analysis of the deformation focuses on the correlation mechanism between wave load and structural response, with a particular emphasis on the influence of factors such as wave height and wave moment on the deformation. The deformation increases nonlinearly with increasing wave height, and the top of the structure, due to the concentration of wave moment, becomes a key area of ​​concern for deformation.

[0050] The deformation of the revetment structure under wave load increases with wave height, and the deformation varies at different locations on the structure. Finally, by analyzing the stress state and deformation, the degree of influence of wave load on the revetment structure can be assessed, and key influencing factors can be identified. For example, wave height and wave moment are the main factors affecting the deformation and stress of the revetment structure.

[0051] Wave height and wave moment are key factors affecting the deformation and stress of revetment structures. Their role is to provide a clear direction for the design optimization of revetment structures. By focusing on these two factors, structural parameters can be adjusted in a targeted manner to alleviate stress concentration and deformation problems.

[0052] As a preferred option, in step S5, the revetment structure is optimized based on the numerical simulation results and design specifications, selecting a suitable revetment structure form and construction parameters. First, based on design specifications and engineering experience, appropriate design parameters such as revetment structure dimensions, material type, and construction technology are selected. For example, referring to design specifications and engineering experience, a concrete gravity revetment structure is selected, with dimensions of 3m bottom width, 1m top width, and 5m height, using a layered casting construction process. Alternatively, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the design parameters, resulting in an optimal revetment structure with a bottom width of 3.2m, a top width of 1.2m, and a height of 5.2m, with the construction technology adjusted to continuous casting. Finally, through optimization design, a suitable revetment structure form and construction parameters can be determined to meet stability and deformation requirements. For example, the optimized revetment structure has a maximum deformation S_opt = 3cm and a maximum stress σ_opt = 180kPa, meeting the requirements of the design specifications.

[0053] As a preferred approach, step S5, design optimization and multi-objective collaboration, utilizes dynamic data of the environment in which the revetment project is located. This includes wave load-related information obtained from real-time simulations, such as variations in different frequencies, wave heights, and wave directions, as well as changes in soil mechanical parameters involved in the modified Cambridge model obtained through soil property monitoring. This real-time dynamic data is promptly fed back into the numerical simulation of the revetment structure, continuously updating the model's input parameters so that the model can dynamically reflect changes in actual engineering conditions. Regarding multi-objective collaborative optimization, the specific connotations and measurement methods of each optimization objective, such as structural deformation, are clearly defined. The amount of structural deformation is based on the simulation results of the revetment structure model in the finite element method, comprehensively considering the displacement of different locations.

[0054] A genetic algorithm is used for initial parameter optimization. Key design parameters of the revetment structure, such as bottom width, top width, and height, are used as genetic variables to form an initial population according to a specific encoding method. The degree to which each optimization objective is satisfied is used as the fitness function. Through genetic operations such as selection, crossover, and mutation, the population undergoes multiple generations of evolution to select a batch of optimal design parameter combinations. The optimal parameter combinations obtained by the genetic algorithm are used as the initial solution for the NSGA-II algorithm for more refined multi-objective optimization. The NSGA-II algorithm, through fast non-dominated sorting and crowding calculation, continuously approaches the Pareto optimal front while maintaining population diversity.

[0055] Traditional designs rely on fixed operating conditions and preset parameters, while this invention deeply integrates dynamic data such as wave height, water level, and soil parameters with a numerical simulation model through real-time monitoring. For example, in areas with frequent tidal changes, the system can update wave load input parameters in real time based on monitored wave height and period data, ensuring that the revetment structure model always closely matches actual operating conditions. This dynamic adaptive capability ensures that the design maintains accuracy under different hydrological conditions and soil properties, greatly improving the environmental adaptability of revetment projects.

[0056] Multi-objective collaborative optimization is another core innovation of this invention. Abandoning the limitations of traditional single-index optimization, this invention constructs an optimization function with multiple objectives such as structural stability, durability, construction cost, and ecological impact. Advanced multi-objective optimization algorithms, such as the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II), are used to perform a global search in a multi-dimensional objective space. For example, in the optimization of a practical engineering project, the maximum deformation of the revetment structure is used as the objective.

[0057] In conclusion, given the current emphasis on ecological and environmental protection, the design of revetment projects cannot solely focus on structural safety; ecological impact is equally crucial. Traditional designs often neglect ecological factors, causing damage to the surrounding ecosystem. This application incorporates ecological impact into a multi-objective optimization system, fully considering the protection of aquatic ecosystems and habitats of flora and fauna during the design phase. In ecologically sensitive areas, eco-friendly revetment structures and construction techniques are prioritized to minimize disruption to the ecosystem. Furthermore, precise design enhances the stability and durability of revetment projects, reducing the need for ecological restoration due to structural damage. The application of this technology not only helps maintain regional ecological balance and promotes harmonious coexistence between humans and nature but also improves urban landscape quality, enhances residents' well-being, and creates significant social and environmental benefits. It provides strong technical support for sustainable development and propels the field of revetment engineering towards a greener and more scientific direction.

[0058] While the present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and refinements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention shall be determined by the claims.

Claims

1. A design method for soft soil revetments considering wave effects, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: S1. Based on the tidal conditions and wave spectrum characteristics of the target sea area, simulate the wave propagation process, obtain wave elements such as wave height, period, and wave direction under different wave level conditions, and calculate the corresponding wave load time history data. S2. A constitutive model for soft soil that can reflect the stress path effect is adopted to simulate the nonlinear mechanical behavior of soft soil under the cyclic action of the wave load and determine the equivalent soil mechanical parameters that vary with the wave level. S3. Based on the wave load time history data and equivalent soil mechanical parameters, establish a coupled numerical model of revetment structure and soft soil foundation. The model simultaneously considers nonlinearity of structure-soil contact, evolution of pore water pressure, and large deformation effect. S4. Calculate the stress response and deformation response of the revetment structure under different wave levels using the coupled numerical model, and identify the wave control parameters that play a dominant role in structural safety based on the preset deformation control index and stability criteria. S5. When the wave control parameters or structural response exceed the preset threshold, the model parameter update mechanism is triggered, and the updated wave load parameters and soil equivalent parameters are fed back to the coupled numerical model. The geometric parameters of the revetment structure are iteratively optimized through a multi-objective optimization algorithm to obtain a soft soil revetment design scheme that meets the requirements of stability, deformation control and engineering applicability.

2. The soft soil revetment design method considering wave effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes the following sub-steps: S1.1 First, use SWS wave software to simulate tidal changes and wave propagation to obtain wave element data with different wave frequencies, wave heights and wave directions; S1.2 Calculate wave load data, including hydrodynamic pressure and wave moment, and use them as input parameters for the analysis of the revetment structure model; S1.3 Analyze wave elements and load data to determine that wave height and wave moment are the main factors affecting the deformation and stress of the revetment structure.

3. The soft soil revetment design method considering wave effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, an improved constitutive model for soft soil is introduced to simulate the nonlinear characteristics of soft soil by incorporating a wave cycle cumulative damage factor. A parameter evolution mechanism is also introduced that varies with the number of wave load cycles and stress path, allowing the shear strength and compression parameters of the soil to dynamically adjust with the wave action process. This characterizes the cumulative impact of wave load on the mechanical properties of soft soil. Specifically, the nonlinear behavior of soft soil shear strength increasing with effective stress and compression modulus changing with strain path is simulated. The stress path effect under wave load is incorporated into the numerical simulation, and the differences in soil mechanical behavior under dynamic and static loading paths are compared and analyzed. The influence of different stress paths on soil strength and deformation is clarified, providing dynamic mechanical parameter support for the interaction analysis of revetment soil.

4. The soft soil revetment design method considering wave effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3, establishing the coupled numerical model of the revetment structure and soil, specifically includes the following sub-steps: S3.

1. The contact interface between the revetment structure and the soft soil foundation is defined using a master-slave surface contact model, and the friction coefficient and cohesion of the contact surface are set. S3.

2. Pore pressure elements are selected for soft soil foundations to couple and simulate the generation, diffusion and dissipation process of excess pore water pressure caused by wave loads. S3.

3. Use arbitrary Lagrange-Euler method or adaptive mesh technology to deal with the large deformation of structure and soil caused by wave load.

5. The soft soil revetment design method considering wave effects according to claim 4, characterized in that, In the master-slave surface contact model, the friction coefficient of the contact surface between the structure and the soil is 0.2-0.4, and the cohesion is 20-30 kPa.

6. The soft soil revetment design method considering wave effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, ALE technology or adaptive mesh technology is used to address the large deformation problem of the revetment structure under wave load.

7. The soft soil revetment design method considering wave effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, The objective function of the multi-objective optimization algorithm includes at least the maximum deformation of the revetment structure, the stress utilization coefficient of key parts, and the amount of structural materials used. The weights of each objective function are automatically adjusted according to the wave level conditions to achieve synergistic optimization of the safety and economy of the revetment structure under different wave action conditions.

8. The soft soil revetment design method considering wave effects according to claim 1, characterized in that, Finite element analysis was used to obtain the stress distribution, strain state and displacement response of the revetment structure under wave action, and to determine the location of the maximum stress and the relationship between the deformation and wave height.

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