Antenna assembly, circuit board module and network equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses an antenna assembly, a circuit board module and network equipment, and relates to the field of antennas. The performance of the antenna assembly is improved. According to the specific scheme, the antenna assembly comprises a first dipole antenna, a second dipole antenna and a third dipole antenna. The first branch knot of the first dipole antenna is used for feeding the second dipole antenna, and the second branch knot of the first dipole antenna is used for feeding the third dipole antenna, so that series feeding is realized. The first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are close to each other, and phases of currents of the first dipole antenna and the second dipole antenna are close and opposite. The first dipole antenna and the third dipole antenna are close to each other, and the phases of the second dipole antenna and the third dipole antenna are approximately the same. The current radiation mode can effectively improve the problem that the directional diagram of the antenna assembly is not round, and improve the back lobe gain of the antenna assembly on the horizontal plane. The performance of the antenna assembly is improved, and even if the clearance area of the antenna assembly is small, the antenna assembly also has better performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of antennas, and more particularly to an antenna assembly, a circuit board module, and a network device. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of communication technology and electronic devices, users have higher requirements for the performance and size of electronic devices. Due to the size limitations of electronic devices and other internal structures, the requirements for the size and performance of antenna structures within electronic devices have increased.

[0003] Improving the performance of antenna structures within electronic devices is a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna assembly, a circuit board module, and a network device, aimed at improving the performance of the antenna assembly.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna assembly. The antenna assembly includes a substrate, a first dipole antenna, a second dipole antenna, and a third dipole antenna. The first dipole antenna is disposed on the substrate and includes a first stub and a second stub. The second dipole antenna is disposed on the substrate. The second dipole antenna is coupled to the first stub, which is used to feed the second dipole antenna. The third dipole antenna is disposed on the substrate. The third dipole antenna is coupled to the second stub, which is used to feed the third dipole antenna. The center frequency of the third dipole antenna, the center frequency of the second dipole antenna, and the center frequency of the first dipole antenna are equal. The shortest distance between the first stub and the second dipole antenna is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. The shortest distance between the second stub and the third dipole antenna is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ; λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first dipole antenna.

[0007] Thus, the first, second, and third dipole antennas are fed in series. The shortest distance between the first stub and the second dipole antenna is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. The shortest distance between the second stub and the third dipole antenna is also less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. This makes the difference between the current phase of the first and second dipole antennas close to 180°, and the difference between the current phase of the second and third dipole antennas close to 0°. This current radiation pattern effectively improves the non-circularity of the antenna assembly's radiation pattern, increases the back lobe gain of the antenna assembly in the H-plane, and enhances the performance of the antenna assembly, even with a small clearance area.

[0008] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementable ways, the antenna assembly further includes: a first conductive element, wherein the coupling of the second dipole antenna to the first stub includes: the second dipole antenna and the first stub being connected through the first conductive element.

[0009] Thus, compared to coupling the second dipole antenna to the first stub via a slot, coupling the second dipole antenna to the first stub via a first conductive element is beneficial for improving the current distribution on the second dipole antenna. It is also easier to achieve a current phase opposite to that of the first dipole antenna, which helps to improve the back lobe gain in the H-plane of the antenna assembly pattern and enhance the overall performance of the antenna assembly.

[0010] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the length of the first conductive element is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. Thus, the phase difference between the current in the second dipole antenna and the current in the first dipole antenna is closer to 180°. This helps to improve the problem of non-circularity in the antenna assembly pattern.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the width of the first conductive element is less than or equal to 0.05 times λ. This is advantageous because the current phase of the second dipole antenna is opposite to that of the first dipole antenna. This helps to improve the problem of non-circularity in the antenna assembly pattern.

[0012] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible implementations, the first stub is a U-shaped structure, comprising a first straight side, a second straight side, and a third straight side connected in sequence. The radiating end of the first stub is located on the third straight side. The connection between the second dipole antenna and the first stub via the first conductive element includes: the second dipole antenna being connected to the second straight side via the first conductive element, or the second dipole antenna being connected to the third straight side via the first conductive element. Thus, connecting the first conductive element to a position away from the radiating end facilitates adjustment of the current phase on the second dipole antenna, making the phase difference between the current on the second dipole antenna and the current on the first dipole antenna close to 180°. This improves the problem of the antenna assembly's non-circular radiation pattern.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible ways, the projection of the first conductive element onto the first stub lies within the third straight edge along the extension direction of the slot of the first dipole antenna. This allows the phase of the current on the first dipole antenna to be opposite to the phase of the current on the second dipole antenna, improving the problem of the antenna assembly's non-circular radiation pattern and increasing the antenna assembly's gain in the H-plane.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementable ways, the antenna assembly further includes a second conductive element, wherein the coupling of the third dipole antenna to the second stub includes the third dipole antenna being connected to the second stub via the second conductive element.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible ways, the length of the second conductive element is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible ways, the width of the second conductive element is less than or equal to 0.05 times λ.

[0017] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the antenna assembly further includes a parasitic antenna. The parasitic antenna is disposed on the substrate. Along the extension direction of the slot of the first dipole antenna, the projection of the parasitic antenna onto the first dipole antenna is a first projection, which overlaps with the first dipole antenna. Thus, the parasitic antenna can be well coupled with the first dipole antenna, the impedance of the parasitic antenna is capacitive, and as a reflective structure, the parasitic antenna helps to improve the gain and bandwidth of the antenna assembly in the H-plane.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible ways, both the first branch and the second branch overlap with the first projection.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the vertical projections of the second dipole antenna and the third dipole antenna onto the substrate are symmetrical about a virtual axis parallel to the extension direction of the slot of the first dipole antenna. Thus, the center of the parasitic antenna is closer to the H-plane of the first dipole antenna, further enhancing the capacitive impedance of the parasitic antenna and improving the gain and bandwidth of the antenna assembly in the H-plane.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible ways, the opening orientation of the first dipole antenna is opposite to that of the second dipole antenna, and the opening orientation of the second dipole antenna is the same as that of the third dipole antenna.

[0021] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible embodiments, the width of the first stub gradually increases from the feed end to the radiating end of the first dipole antenna. This saves space occupied by the first stub, which is beneficial for antenna assembly miniaturization. Furthermore, it helps to extend the impedance bandwidth of the antenna assembly.

[0022] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some feasible ways, the width of the stubs of the second dipole antenna gradually decreases from the center to the radiating end. Thus, through the stub size design of the second dipole antenna, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna assembly can be extended.

[0023] Secondly, this application provides an antenna assembly. The antenna assembly includes a substrate, a first dipole antenna, a second dipole antenna, and a third dipole antenna. The first dipole antenna is disposed on the substrate and includes a first stub and a second stub. The second dipole antenna is disposed on the substrate. The second dipole antenna is coupled to the first stub, which is used to feed the second dipole antenna. The third dipole antenna is disposed on the substrate. The third dipole antenna is coupled to the second stub, which is used to feed the third dipole antenna. The center frequency of the third dipole antenna, the center frequency of the second dipole antenna, and the center frequency of the first dipole antenna are equal. The phase difference between the current in the second dipole antenna and the phase difference between the current in the first dipole antenna is 150°-200°. The phase difference between the current in the second dipole antenna and the phase difference between the current in the third dipole antenna is 0°-30°.

[0024] Thirdly, this application provides a circuit board module. The circuit board module includes a printed circuit board and any one of the antenna components provided in the first and second aspects described above. The printed circuit board includes a board body and a wiring layer, the wiring layer being disposed on the board body. A substrate is connected to the board body.

[0025] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some feasible ways, the substrate is directly connected to the plate body.

[0026] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some feasible implementations, the shortest distance from the first dipole antenna to the wiring layer is a first value; the shortest distance from the second dipole antenna to the wiring layer is a second value; and the shortest distance from the third dipole antenna to the wiring layer is a third value; the first value is greater than the second value, and the first value is greater than the third value. Thus, the reverse current distributed on the first dipole antenna, as the main excitation source of the induced current at the edge of the wiring layer, is beneficial for improving the minimum gain and bandwidth of the antenna assembly in the H-plane.

[0027] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some feasible implementations, the opening of the first dipole antenna is oriented away from the wiring layer. Thus, the radiating arms of the second and third dipole antennas are moved away from the wiring layer, reducing the induced current amplitude of the antenna assembly and thereby improving the minimum H-plane gain and bandwidth of the antenna assembly.

[0028] Fourthly, this application provides a network device. The network device includes a housing and any of the circuit board modules provided in the third aspect above, the circuit board module being located within the housing.

[0029] Regarding the beneficial effects of the third and fourth aspects, please refer to the description of any of the optional implementation methods in the first and second aspects, which will not be repeated here. Based on the implementation methods provided in the above aspects, this application can also be further combined to provide more implementation methods. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical communication network.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network device.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit board module provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of a second dipole antenna, a first stub, and a first conductive element provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 9 for Figure 3 The S11 parameter diagram of the circuit board module shown is presented.

[0039] Figure 10 for Figure 3 The circuit board module shown has a 3D radiation pattern at 2.45 GHz.

[0040] Figure 11 for Figure 3 The circuit board module shown has horizontal radiation patterns at 2.4GHz, 2.42GHz, 2.44GHz, 2.46GHz and 2.48GHz.

[0041] In the diagram: 10-Network device; 20-Housing; 21-Circuit board module; 30-Printed circuit board; 31-Board body; 32-Wiring layer; 33-Ground layer; 34-Feeder line; 100-Antenna assembly; 110-First dipole antenna; 111-First stub; 1101-First straight edge; 1102-Second straight edge; 1103-Third straight edge; 112-Second stub; 120-Second dipole antenna; 130-Third dipole antenna; 140-Substrate; 141 142 - First surface; 151 - First conductive element; 152 - Second conductive element; 160 - Parasitic antenna; 161 - First radiating arm; 162 - Second radiating arm; 121 - First segment; 122 - Second segment; 123 - Third segment; 124 - Fourth segment; 125 - Fifth segment; 126 - Sixth segment; 127 - Seventh segment; 1231 - First sub-segment; 1232 - Second sub-segment; 170 - Fourth dipole antenna; 180 - Fifth dipole antenna. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] In the following description, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0044] Furthermore, in this application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation of the components shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0045] Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port after passing through the antenna circuit to the transmit power at the antenna port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the higher the antenna's radiation efficiency. Conversely, the larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

[0046] Antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which is one of the S-parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency.

[0047] In some embodiments, the S11 diagram can be understood as a schematic diagram representing the resonance generated by the antenna. In some embodiments, the resonance range shown in the S11 diagram within -4dB can be understood as the resonant frequency range generated by the antenna. The S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, the less energy reflected back by the antenna itself, which means more energy actually enters the antenna, and the higher the system efficiency of the antenna; the larger the S11 parameter, the greater the antenna return loss, and the lower the system efficiency of the antenna.

[0048] Communication band / operating band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna that supports the B40 band operates within the frequency range of 2300MHz to 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating band includes the B40 band.

[0049] The resonant frequency range or resonant frequency band may be the same as or may partially overlap with the operating frequency band. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna may cover one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

[0050] It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -4dB is generally used as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -4dB, the antenna is considered to be operating normally, or its transmission efficiency is considered to be good. It should be understood that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB can also be used as the standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, the antenna is considered to be operating normally, or its transmission efficiency is considered to be good.

[0051] Coupling can be understood as direct coupling or indirect coupling. "Coupled connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be called "electrical connection," which can be understood as components physically contacting and conducting electricity; it can also be understood as the form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as printed circuit boards (PCBs), copper foil, or wires. "Indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors conducting electricity through a gap / non-contact method. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be called capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by forming an equivalent capacitance through coupling between the gaps between two conductive parts.

[0052] Antenna pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the graph showing the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna radiation field as a function of direction at a fixed distance from the low-frequency antenna. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular planar patterns passing through the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna.

[0053] Antenna radiation patterns typically have multiple radiating beams. The beam with the highest radiating intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining beams are called side lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the opposite direction to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0054] dB: This stands for decibel, a logarithmic concept with base 10. Decibels are used to evaluate the proportional relationship between two physical quantities; they themselves have no physical dimensions. For every 10-fold increase in the ratio between two quantities, their difference can be expressed as 10 decibels. For example: A = 100, B = 10, C = 5, D = 1, then A / D = 20 dB; B / D = 10 dB; C / D = 7 dB; B / C = 3 dB. In other words, a 10-decibel difference between two quantities is a 10-fold difference, a 20-decibel difference is a 100-fold difference, and so on. A 3-decibel difference is a 2-fold difference between the two quantities.

[0055] dBi: Usually mentioned together with dBd. dBi and dBd are units of power gain, both relative values, but with different reference points. The reference point for dBi is an omnidirectional antenna; the reference point for dBd is a dipole. Generally, dBi and dBd are considered to represent the same gain, but the value expressed in dBi is 2.15 dBi larger than that expressed in dBd. For example, for an antenna with a gain of 16 dBd, its gain converted to dBi is 18.15 dBi, generally ignoring the decimal places, hence 18 dBi.

[0056] Electric plane (E-plane): Also known as the E-plane, for linearly polarized antennas, the electric plane is the plane containing the electric field vector (also called the E-aperture) and the direction of maximum radiation. The electric field, or "E" plane, determines the polarization or direction of radio waves. For vertically polarized antennas, the E-plane typically coincides with the vertical / elevation plane. For horizontally polarized antennas, the E-plane typically coincides with the horizontal / azimuth plane. The E-plane and the H-plane should be 90 degrees apart.

[0057] Magnetic Plane (H-Plane): Also known as the H-plane, the magnetic plane is the plane containing the magnetic field vector (also called the H-aperture) and the direction of maximum radiation. In a linearly polarized antenna, the magnetizing field, or "H" plane, is perpendicular to the "E" plane. For vertically polarized antennas, the H-plane typically coincides with the horizontal / azimuth plane. For horizontally polarized antennas, the H-plane typically coincides with the vertical / elevation plane.

[0058] Resonance: Antenna element resonance refers to the radiating element of an antenna element having a specific size, which can be 1 / 4 wavelength, where the wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the resonant point. Common resonance modes of radiating elements include 1 / 4 wavelength resonance mode, 1 / 2 wavelength resonance mode, 3 / 4 wavelength resonance mode, etc.

[0059] Operating bandwidth: The operating bandwidth of an antenna element refers to the frequency range in which it is effective. In engineering, the frequency band where the S11 parameter is less than -10dB or less than -5dB is usually referred to as the operating bandwidth.

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an optical communication network, also known as an optical transmission network. The network includes multiple network devices, one or more of which are used to connect user terminals. A terminal can also be referred to as terminal equipment, user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), or station (STA), etc.

[0061] In some embodiments, the terminal may be a mobile phone, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver function, personal communication service (PCS) telephone, desktop computer, virtual reality (VR) terminal device, augmented reality (AR) terminal device, wireless terminal in industrial control, wireless terminal in smart home, etc.

[0062] Network devices can be routing and forwarding devices with optical communication capabilities, such as routers or switches. Network devices can also be broadband network gateways (BNGs) or broadband remote access servers (BRASs) with optical communication capabilities.

[0063] Terminals can access servers using network devices. For example... Figure 1 In room 1 shown, users can use a terminal to establish a communication connection with network devices using wireless local area network (WLAN) technology, so that the terminal can send data packets to the server. Figure 1 The same applies to room 2. For example, network devices communicate with each terminal via WLAN, and network devices are interconnected via fiber optic cables.

[0064] In some possible scenarios, the terminal may also employ optical communication technology and radio access network (RAN) equipment. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image) Establish a communication connection and access the server.

[0065] Network devices connect to the server wirelessly or via wired connections. The embodiments of this application do not limit the number of terminal devices, network devices, and servers included in the optical communication network.

[0066] For example, this application can be applied to fiber-to-the-room (FTTR) scenarios or optical network termination (ONT) scenarios.

[0067] This embodiment uses a whole-house fiber optic scenario as an example to illustrate the bandwidth allocation method of the optical communication network provided in this application. A whole-house fiber optic scenario can be achieved through FTTR technology. FTTR refers to a networking technology that uses optical fiber instead of network cables, laying optical fiber to every room, deploying optical network equipment to interconnect with the home gateway, and combining it with wireless communication to ensure whole-house network coverage.

[0068] In embodiments of this application applied to fiber-to-the-room (FTTH) communication, the aforementioned network device can be a FTTH access device. In embodiments of this application applied to optical network terminals, the aforementioned network device can be a device within the optical network terminal.

[0069] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network device 10. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 The network device 10 includes a housing 20 and a circuit board module 21, with the circuit board module 21 located inside the housing 20. In other words, the housing 20 has a receiving cavity, and the circuit board module 21 is located inside the receiving cavity.

[0070] In some embodiments, the network device 10 may further include a power cord for charging the circuit board module 21. In some embodiments, the network device 10 may further include an indicator light disposed on the surface of the housing 20, which indicates the operating status of the network device 10.

[0071] This application does not limit the material of the outer casing 20. For example, the outer casing 20 is made of a non-conductive material. For instance, the material of the outer casing 20 may include polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC has a relatively small impact on the performance of the circuit board module 21 and the antenna performance on the circuit board module 21, allowing for adjustment of antenna structure parameters to improve performance.

[0072] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit board module 21 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 3The circuit board module 21 includes a printed circuit board 30 and an antenna assembly 100. The printed circuit board 30 includes a board body 31 and a wiring layer 32, with the wiring layer 32 disposed on the board body 31. The circuit board module 21 and the board body 31 are connected.

[0073] Wiring layer 32 can be considered as part of the wiring on printed circuit board 30. In some embodiments, printed circuit board 30 may further include a chip ( Figure 3 (Not shown in the image), the chip is electrically connected to wiring layer 32.

[0074] Reducing the size of the circuit board module 21 helps to reduce the size of the network device 10 (such as...). Figure 2 (as shown) the volume. For example, reducing the clearance area of ​​the antenna assembly 100 makes the printed circuit board 30 and the antenna assembly 100 more compact, which helps to reduce the volume of the circuit board module 21. However, reducing the clearance area of ​​the antenna assembly 100 also correspondingly increases the performance requirements of the antenna assembly 100.

[0075] The antenna assembly 100 provided in this application embodiment has good performance, and even if the clearance area of ​​the antenna assembly 100 is small, the performance of the antenna assembly 100 is still good.

[0076] Figure 3 In this configuration, antenna assembly 100 includes a first dipole antenna 110, a second dipole antenna 120, a third dipole antenna 130, and a substrate 140. The first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130 are all disposed on the substrate 140. The center frequencies of the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130 are all equal. The first dipole antenna 110 includes a first stub 111 and a second stub 112. The second dipole antenna 120 is coupled to the first stub 111, which powers the second dipole antenna 120. The third dipole antenna 130 is coupled to the second stub 112, which powers the third dipole antenna 130. The shortest distance between the first stub 111 and the second dipole antenna 120 is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. The shortest distance between the second stub 112 and the third dipole antenna 130 is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ.

[0077] Because the first stub 111 of the first dipole antenna 110 is used to feed the second dipole antenna 120, and the second stub 112 of the first dipole antenna 110 is used to feed the third dipole antenna 130, the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130 are connected in series. Based on this, the shortest distance d1 between the first stub 111 and the second dipole antenna 120 (e.g., ...) Figure 4The distance d1 is smaller than or equal to 0.2 times λ. The shortest distance d2 between the second stub 112 and the third dipole antenna 130 (e.g., ...) is smaller than or equal to 0.2 times λ. Figure 4 The current radiation pattern is relatively small, with d2 being less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. This makes the difference between the current phase of the first dipole antenna 110 and the current phase of the second dipole antenna 120 close to 180°, and the difference between the current phase of the second dipole antenna 120 and the current phase of the third dipole antenna 130 close to 0°. This current radiation pattern effectively improves the problem of the non-circular radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100, increases the back lobe gain of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane, and enhances the performance of the antenna assembly 100, even with a small clearance area. Furthermore, improving the back lobe gain of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane is beneficial for improving the performance of the communication device 10 (such as...). Figure 2 (As shown) improve the quality of communication services and address the communication blind spots of communication equipment 10.

[0078] For example, the aforementioned "center frequency" refers to the median of the antenna's operating frequency band.

[0079] The statement that the center frequencies of the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130 are equal means that the difference between the center frequencies of the first dipole antenna 110 and the second dipole antenna 120 is less than or equal to 0.03 GHz (gigahertz). The difference between the center frequencies of the first dipole antenna 110 and the third dipole antenna 130 is less than or equal to 0.03 GHz (gigahertz). The same logic applies to the remaining descriptions of equal center frequencies in the text.

[0080] This application embodiment does not limit the center frequency of the first dipole antenna 110, and it can be set according to the signal transmitted by the antenna assembly 100. For example, the center frequency of the first dipole antenna 110 is in the range of 2.36GHz-2.50GHz, such as 2.36GHz, 2.4GHz, 2.45GHz or 2.50GHz.

[0081] The shortest distance d1 between the first stub 111 and the second dipole antenna 120 refers to the distance between the position in the first stub 111 closest to the second dipole antenna 120 and the position in the second dipole antenna 120 closest to the first stub 111. The shortest distance between the second stub 112 and the third dipole antenna 130 is similar and will not be repeated here.

[0082] Figure 3In the example, substrate 140 and board 31 are directly connected. Substrate 140 and board 31 can be considered as the same board material, shared by wiring layer 32 and antenna assembly 100, hereinafter referred to as wiring layer 32 and antenna assembly 100 sharing the same board. Thus, the printed circuit board 30 and antenna assembly 100 are more compact, and the net area of ​​antenna assembly 100 is smaller. Because wiring layer 32 reflects the electromagnetic waves radiated by antenna assembly 100, the back lobe gain of the H-plane of antenna assembly 100's radiation pattern is affected by wiring layer 32. The antenna assembly 100 provided in this embodiment can better overcome this effect, improve the back lobe gain of antenna assembly 100's H-plane radiation pattern, and achieve higher gain radiation.

[0083] This application does not limit the material of the substrate 140. Exemplarily, the substrate 140 is made of FR-4 grade material, with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. Exemplarily, the thickness of the substrate 140 can be 1.3 mm to 1.8 mm. For example, the thickness of the substrate 140 can be 1.3 mm, 1.4 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.6 mm, or 1.8 mm.

[0084] This application does not limit the material of the wiring layer 32. For example, the material of the wiring layer 32 may include conductive materials such as copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys.

[0085] This application does not limit the connection method between the substrate 140 and the plate 31. In some embodiments, the substrate 140 and the plate 31 are connected as a single molded part. In some embodiments, the substrate 140 and the plate 31 are indirectly connected by other structures, for example, the substrate 140 and the plate 31 are connected by adhesive layers, solder layers or snap-fit ​​structures.

[0086] Figure 3 In this circuit board 30, a ground layer 33 is also included, and the ground layer 33 and the wiring layer 32 are disposed on opposite sides of the board body 31. The first dipole antenna 110 is electrically connected to the ground layer 33. For example, the ground layer 33 is electrically connected to the first dipole antenna 110 through a conductive via, which penetrates the substrate 140.

[0087] The circuit board module 21 also includes a feed line 34, to which the first dipole antenna 110 and the wiring layer 32 are electrically connected. The feed line 34 is used to transmit signals on the wiring layer 32 to the first dipole antenna 110. This application embodiment does not limit the structure of the feed line 34; for example, the feed line 34 can be a coaxial cable.

[0088] like Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the opening of the first dipole antenna 110 faces away from the wiring layer 32. In other words, the opening of the first dipole antenna 110 faces away from the wiring layer 32. This reduces the influence of the wiring layer 32 on the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first dipole antenna 110, thereby increasing the gain of the antenna assembly 100.

[0089] The aforementioned "opening orientation of the first dipole antenna 110" refers to the direction in which the slit of the first dipole antenna 110 extends towards the two branches of the dipole (first branch 111 and second branch 112). The description of the opening orientation of the other dipole antennas in the text is similar.

[0090] In some embodiments, the opening orientation of the first dipole antenna 110 can be the direction in which the first dipole antenna 110 faces the wiring layer 32.

[0091] In some embodiments, the opening orientation of the first dipole antenna 110 is opposite to that of the second dipole antenna 120, while the opening orientation of the second dipole antenna 120 is the same as that of the third dipole antenna 130. Thus, the radiating arms of the second dipole antenna 120 and the third dipole antenna 130 are located away from the wiring layer 32, reducing the induced current amplitude of the antenna assembly 100 and thereby improving the minimum H-plane gain and bandwidth of the antenna assembly 100.

[0092] Figure 3 In this configuration, the shortest distance from the first dipole antenna 110 to the wiring layer 32 is a first value L1. The shortest distance from the second dipole antenna 120 to the wiring layer 32 is a second value L2. The shortest distance from the third dipole antenna 130 to the wiring layer 32 is a third value L3. The first value L1 is greater than the second value L2, and the first value L1 is greater than the third value L3. Thus, the reverse current distributed on the first dipole antenna 110 serves as the main excitation source for the edge induced current of the wiring layer 32, which is beneficial for improving the minimum gain and bandwidth of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane.

[0093] This application does not impose any restrictions on the relationship between the third value L3 and the second value L2. The third value L3 can be greater than, less than or equal to the second value L2.

[0094] In some embodiments, the first value L1 may also be less than or equal to the second value L2, and the first value L1 may also be less than or equal to the third value L3.

[0095] As described above, the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130 are all disposed on the substrate 140. The first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130 can be disposed in various ways on the substrate 140.

[0096] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna assembly 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the substrate 140 includes a first surface 141 and a second surface 142, which are disposed opposite to each other. Figure 4 The structures of the antenna assembly 100 on the first surface 141 and the second surface 142 are illustrated in the figures.

[0097] In some embodiments, the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130 are all disposed on the first surface 141 of the substrate 140. Thus, the second surface 142 of the substrate 140 can have a larger space, which is beneficial for the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130 to avoid interference with other structures. During the formation of the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130, they can be fabricated only on the first surface 141, simplifying the fabrication process. In some embodiments of this application, a portion of the dipole antennas in the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130 are disposed on the first surface 141, with the remaining portion disposed on the second surface 142. Alternatively, a portion of the structure in the first dipole antenna 110 is disposed on the first surface 141, with the remaining portion disposed on the second surface 142. The second dipole antenna 120 and the third dipole antenna 130 are similar, and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0098] For example, the shortest distance d1 between the first stub 111 and the second dipole antenna 120 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. In some embodiments, the shortest distance d1 between the first stub 111 and the second dipole antenna 120 is less than or equal to 0.1 times λ, so that the phase difference between the current on the second dipole antenna 120 and the current on the first dipole antenna 110 is closer to 180°, which can further improve the problem of non-circularity of the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane. For example, d1 can be 0.2 times λ, 0.18 times λ, 0.16 times λ, 0.15 times λ, 0.14 times λ, 0.13 times λ, 0.12 times λ, 0.11 times λ, 0.1 times λ, 0.08 times λ, 0.06 times λ, 0.05 times λ, 0.04 times λ, 0.02 times λ, 0.01 times λ, or 0.005 times λ, etc.

[0099] Similarly, the shortest distance d2 between the second stub 112 and the third dipole antenna 130 is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. In some embodiments, the shortest distance d2 between the second stub 112 and the third dipole antenna 130 is less than or equal to 0.1 times λ. Thus, the phase difference between the current on the third dipole antenna 130 and the current on the first dipole antenna 110 is closer to 180°, which can further improve the problem of non-circularity of the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane. Exemplarily, d2 can be 0.2 times λ, 0.18 times λ, 0.16 times λ, 0.15 times λ, 0.14 times λ, 0.13 times λ, 0.12 times λ, 0.11 times λ, 0.1 times λ, 0.08 times λ, 0.06 times λ, 0.05 times λ, 0.04 times λ, 0.02 times λ, 0.01 times λ, or 0.005 times λ, etc.

[0100] The aforementioned d1 and d2 can be equal or unequal, and the embodiments of this application do not impose any restrictions on this.

[0101] In some embodiments of this application, the phase difference between the current on the second dipole antenna 120 and the current on the first dipole antenna 110 is 150°-200°; the phase difference between the current on the second dipole antenna 120 and the current on the third dipole antenna 130 is 0°-30°. Based on the series feeding of the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, and the third dipole antenna 130, the aforementioned current phase difference can improve the problem of the antenna assembly 100 having a non-circular radiation pattern.

[0102] For example, the phase difference between the current on the second dipole antenna 120 and the current on the first dipole antenna 110 is 150°, 160°, 170°, 175°, 178°, 180°, 182°, 185°, 190°, 195°, 198° or 200°, etc.

[0103] For example, the phase difference between the current on the second dipole antenna 120 and the phase difference between the current on the third dipole antenna 130 is 0°, 2°, 5°, 8°, 10°, 12°, 15°, 18°, 20°, 22°, 25°, 28° or 30°, etc.

[0104] In the embodiments of this application, the second dipole antenna 120 is coupled to the first stub 111 in various ways, such as direct coupling or indirect coupling.

[0105] In some embodiments, the second dipole antenna 120 is coupled to the first stub 111 via a first conductive element.

[0106] like Figure 4As shown, in some embodiments, the antenna assembly 100 may further include a first conductive element 151. The coupling of the second dipole antenna 120 to the first stub 111 includes: the second dipole antenna 120 and the first stub 111 being connected via the first conductive element 151. In other words, the second dipole antenna 120 and the first stub 111 are coupled via the first conductive element 151.

[0107] Compared to the second dipole antenna 120 being coupled to the first stub 111 via a slot, the second dipole antenna 120 being coupled to the first stub 111 via the first conductive element 151 is beneficial for improving the current distribution on the second dipole antenna 120. It is also easier to achieve a current phase opposite to that of the first dipole antenna 110, which is beneficial for improving the back lobe gain in the H-plane of the antenna assembly 100's radiation pattern and thus enhancing the performance of the antenna assembly 100.

[0108] In some embodiments, the length of the first conductive element 151 is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. Thus, the phase difference between the current in the second dipole antenna 120 and the current in the first dipole antenna 110 is closer to 180°. In other words, the first conductive element 151, with a length less than or equal to 0.2 times λ, facilitates the opposite phase of the current distributed in the second dipole antenna 120 and the first dipole antenna 110. This helps to improve the problem of non-circularity of the antenna assembly 100's radiation pattern.

[0109] For example, the length of the first conductive element 151 can be 0.2 times λ, 0.18 times λ, 0.16 times λ, 0.15 times λ, 0.14 times λ, 0.13 times λ, 0.12 times λ, 0.11 times λ, 0.1 times λ, 0.08 times λ, 0.06 times λ, 0.05 times λ, 0.04 times λ, 0.02 times λ, 0.01 times λ, or 0.005 times λ, etc.

[0110] In some embodiments, the width of the first conductive element 151 is less than or equal to 0.05 times λ. Similarly, this facilitates the opposite current phase between the second dipole antenna 120 and the first dipole antenna 110. This helps to improve the non-circularity problem of the antenna assembly 100's radiation pattern.

[0111] For example, the width of the first conductive element 151 can be 0.05 times λ, 0.04 times λ, 0.03 times λ, 0.02 times λ, 0.01 times λ, 0.008 times λ, 0.005 times λ, or 0.001 times λ, etc. The aforementioned width of the first conductive element 151 refers to the maximum dimension of the first conductive element 151 along a direction perpendicular to both its length and thickness.

[0112] The shape of the first conductive element 151 is not limited in this application embodiment. For example, the first conductive element 151 can be a straight strip, an arc strip, an S-shaped strip, an L-shaped strip, or an irregular shape. In the embodiment where the first conductive element 151 is a straight strip, the loss of electromagnetic waves on the first conductive element 151 can be reduced, thus reducing the loss of the antenna assembly 100. In addition, since the first conductive element 151 is a straight strip, its size is smaller, which can reduce the current on the first conductive element 151 affecting the printed circuit board 30 (e.g., ...). Figure 3 (As shown) Upper stratum 33 (e.g.) Figure 3 The effect of the induced current (as shown) increases the back lobe gain of the antenna assembly 100 in the H plane.

[0113] As described above, the second dipole antenna 120 is connected to the first stub 111 via the first conductive element 151. In embodiments of this application, the first conductive element 151 can be connected to any position on the first stub 111.

[0114] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of the second dipole antenna 120, the first stub 111, and the first conductive element 151 provided in an embodiment of this application. Please refer to... Figure 5 The first branch 111 has a U-shaped structure. The U-shaped structure includes a first straight side 1101, a second straight side 1102, and a third straight side 1103 connected in sequence. The radiating end of the first branch 111 is located at the third straight side 1103. In other words, along the extension path of the first branch 111, the first straight side 1101 is closer to the feed end of the first branch 111 than the third straight side 1103.

[0115] The aforementioned second dipole antenna 120 and first stub 111 are connected via a first conductive element 151 in various ways. In some embodiments, the second dipole antenna 120 is connected to the second straight side 1102 via the first conductive element 151; in other embodiments, the second dipole antenna 120 is connected to the third straight side 1103 via the first conductive element 151. In other words, the end of the first conductive element 151 away from the second dipole antenna 120 is connected to either the second straight side 1102 or the third straight side 1103. Thus, connecting the first conductive element 151 to a position away from the first straight side 1101 facilitates adjusting the current phase on the second dipole antenna 120, making the phase difference between the current on the second dipole antenna 120 and the current on the first dipole antenna 110 close to 180°. This facilitates the realization of a non-in-phase current array and improves the problem of the antenna assembly 100 having a non-circular radiation pattern.

[0116] In some embodiments of this application, the second dipole antenna 120 may also be connected to the first straight side 1101 via the first conductive element 151.

[0117] In some embodiments, along the extension direction of the slot of the first dipole antenna 110, the projection of the first conductive element 151 on the first stub 111 is located within the third straight side 1103. This allows the phase of the current on the first dipole antenna 110 to be opposite to the phase of the current on the second dipole antenna 120, improving the problem of the non-circular radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 and increasing the gain of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane.

[0118] Furthermore, the first dipole antenna 110 feeds the second dipole antenna 120 through the first conductive element 151. The feeding position of the second dipole antenna 120 is offset from its center, and the feeding method of the second dipole antenna 120 can be regarded as an off-center feeding. This is beneficial to improving the high impedance characteristics of the first conductive element 151, enabling good impedance matching between the second dipole antenna 120 and the first dipole antenna 110, placing the second dipole antenna 120 in a resonant state, and achieving higher gain.

[0119] For ease of description, the extension direction of the slot of the first dipole antenna 110 is defined as the y-direction.

[0120] The aforementioned "slot in the first dipole antenna 110" refers to the space between the feed ends of the two branches (i.e., the first branch 111 and the second branch 112) of the first dipole antenna 110. Typically, this slot introduces appropriate capacitance at the feed port of the dipole antenna, and by adjusting the extension length of the slot, the matching effect of the antenna can be improved to some extent. The aforementioned "extension direction of the slot in the first dipole antenna 110" refers to the length direction of the aforementioned space. The extension direction of the slot in the first dipole antenna 110 is parallel to the H-plane of the first dipole antenna 110.

[0121] The aforementioned "projection of the first conductive element 151 onto the first stub 111 along the extension direction of the slot of the first dipole antenna 110" refers to the shape formed on the first stub 111 by the first conductive element 151 as the projection body, with the extension direction (y-direction) of the slot of the first dipole antenna 110 as the projection direction. The rest of the descriptions of projection in the text are similar.

[0122] In some embodiments, the width of the first stub 111 gradually increases from the feed end to the radiating end of the first dipole antenna 110. In embodiments where the first stub 111 has a U-shaped structure, the widths of the first straight side 1101, the second straight side 1102, and the third straight side 1103 gradually increase. This saves space occupied by the first stub 111, which is beneficial for miniaturization of the antenna assembly 100. Furthermore, it helps to extend the impedance bandwidth of the antenna assembly 100.

[0123] Figure 5In the example, the first straight side 1101, the second straight side 1102, and the third straight side 1103 are all of equal width. The width of the first straight side 1101 is greater than the width of the second straight side 1102, and the width of the second straight side 1102 is greater than the width of the third straight side 1103. In some embodiments of this application, the first straight side 1101 can be of unequal width; for example, the width of the first straight side 1101 gradually increases from the feed end to the radiating end of the first dipole antenna 110. Similarly, the second straight side 1102 and the third straight side 1103 can both be of unequal width.

[0124] The aforementioned first branch 111 having a U-shaped structure is merely an example. In other embodiments of this application, the first branch 111 may also have other shapes. For example, the first branch 111 may be an L-shaped structure or an irregularly shaped structure, etc., and this application does not limit this.

[0125] The electrical length of the first stub 111 is 0.24 to 0.26 times λ. For example, the electrical length of the first stub 111 is 0.24 times λ, 0.25 times λ, 0.26 times λ, etc.

[0126] Please return Figure 4 In some embodiments, the antenna assembly 100 may further include a second conductive element 152. Coupling of the third dipole antenna 130 to the second stub 112 includes connecting the third dipole antenna 130 and the second stub 112 via the second conductive element 152. In other words, the third dipole antenna 130 and the second stub 112 are coupled via the second conductive element 152.

[0127] For details regarding the size, shape, connection method between the second conductive element 152 and the second branch 112, and positional relationship between the second conductive element 152 and the second branch 112, please refer to the aforementioned description of the first conductive element 151, which will not be repeated here.

[0128] In some embodiments, the first conductive element 151 is not necessary, and the antenna assembly 100 may not include the first conductive element 151. In some embodiments, the second conductive element 152 is not necessary, and the antenna assembly 100 may not include the second conductive element 152.

[0129] As mentioned above, the wiring layer 32 reflects the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna assembly 100. In some embodiments of this application, the gain of the antenna assembly 100 in the H plane can be enhanced by canceling the reflection of electromagnetic waves by the wiring layer 32.

[0130] Please return Figure 4In some embodiments of this application, the antenna assembly 100 may further include a parasitic antenna 160. The parasitic antenna 160 is disposed on the substrate 140. Along the extension direction (y direction) of the slot of the first dipole antenna 110, the projection of the parasitic antenna 160 onto the first dipole antenna 110 is a first projection, and the first projection overlaps with the first dipole antenna 110.

[0131] like Figure 4 As shown, a portion of the first projection is located within region A of the substrate 140, or the entire first projection is located within region A of the substrate 140. In this way, the parasitic antenna 160 can be well coupled with the first dipole antenna 110. The impedance of the parasitic antenna 160 is capacitive. As a reflective structure, the parasitic antenna 160 is beneficial to improving the gain and bandwidth of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane.

[0132] Exemplarily, the materials of the first conductive element 151, the second conductive element 152, the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, the third dipole antenna 130, and the parasitic antenna 160 include conductive materials. For example, conductive materials may include copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass, and alloys thereof. This application does not limit this.

[0133] This application does not limit the thickness of the first conductive element 151, the second conductive element 152, the first dipole antenna 110, the second dipole antenna 120, the third dipole antenna 130, and the parasitic antenna 160. For example, the aforementioned thickness can be 0.01mm-0.02mm. For example, the aforementioned thickness can be 0.01mm, 0.011mm, 0.012mm, 0.013mm, 0.015mm, 0.017mm, 0.019mm, or 0.02mm, etc.

[0134] Figure 4 In the example, the parasitic antenna 160 is located on the side of the first dipole antenna 110 away from the wiring layer 32. In other words, the first dipole antenna 110 is located between the parasitic antenna 160 and the wiring layer 32. Thus, the parasitic antenna 160, as a reflective structure, can compensate for the influence of the wiring layer 32 on the antenna assembly 100, thereby giving the antenna assembly 100 better gain.

[0135] In some embodiments of this application, both the first stub 111 and the second stub 112 overlap with the first projection. In other words, the first stub 111 overlaps with the first projection, and the second stub 112 overlaps with the first projection. Thus, the center of the parasitic antenna 160 is closer to the H-plane of the first dipole antenna 110, which further facilitates the capacitive impedance of the parasitic antenna 160, improving the gain and bandwidth of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane.

[0136] In some embodiments of this application, the center of the parasitic antenna 160 may be located on the H-plane of the first dipole antenna 110. This can further improve the gain and bandwidth of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane.

[0137] For example, the center frequency of the parasitic antenna 160 is equal to the center frequency of the first dipole antenna 110.

[0138] Figure 4 In this embodiment, the parasitic antenna 160 includes a first radiating arm 161 and a second radiating arm 162. The first radiating arm 161 is disposed on the first surface 141 of the substrate 140, and the second radiating arm 162 is disposed on the second surface 142 of the substrate 140. In other embodiments of this application, both the first radiating arm 161 and the second radiating arm 162 may be disposed on the first surface 141. Alternatively, both the first radiating arm 161 and the second radiating arm 162 may be disposed on the second surface 142; this embodiment of the application does not limit this.

[0139] For example, the sum of the electrical length of the first radiating arm 161 and the electrical length of the second radiating arm 162 is less than or equal to λ. For example, the sum of the electrical length of the first radiating arm 161 and the electrical length of the second radiating arm 162 is λ, 0.99 times λ, 0.98 times λ, 0.97 times λ, 0.96 times λ, or 0.95 times λ, etc.

[0140] The embodiments of this application do not limit the shape of the first radiating arm 161 and the second radiating arm 162. For example, the first radiating arm 161 can be elongated, S-shaped, U-shaped, or L-shaped, etc. Similarly, the second radiating arm 162 can be elongated, S-shaped, U-shaped, or L-shaped, etc.

[0141] In some embodiments of this application, the first radiating arm 161 and the second radiating arm 162 are symmetrical about the H-plane of the first dipole antenna 110. This improves the back lobe gain of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane.

[0142] It is understood that in the embodiments of this application, the parasitic antenna 160 is not necessary and may not be provided.

[0143] In the embodiments of this application, the shapes of the second dipole antenna 120 and the third dipole antenna 130 are not limited.

[0144] Figure 4In this design, the second dipole antenna 120 includes a first segment 121, a second segment 122, a third segment 123, a fourth segment 124, and a fifth segment 125 connected sequentially. The first segment 121, the second segment 122, the third segment 123, the fourth segment 124, and the fifth segment 125 are all branches of the second dipole antenna 120. The extension directions of the first segment 121, the third segment 123, and the fifth segment 125 are all perpendicular to the y-direction. The extension directions of the second segment 122 and the fourth segment 124 are both parallel to the y-direction.

[0145] The opening of the second dipole antenna 120 is parallel to the y-direction and is directed from the third segment 123 to the fifth segment 125.

[0146] It is understood that in other embodiments of this application, the extension directions of the first segment 121, the third segment 123, and the fifth segment 125 may not be perpendicular to the y-direction. Similarly, the extension directions of the second segment 122 and the fourth segment 124 may not be parallel to the y-direction. In addition, the extension directions of the third segment 123 and the second segment 122 may not be perpendicular to each other.

[0147] From the center of the second dipole antenna 120 to the radiating end, the width of the stubs of the second dipole antenna 120 gradually decreases. The center of the second dipole antenna 120 is located at the geometric center of the third segment 123. In other words, the width of the third segment 123, the width of the fourth segment 124, and the width of the fifth segment 125 decrease sequentially. The width of the third segment 123, the width of the second segment 122, and the width of the first segment 121 decrease sequentially. Thus, through the dimensional design of the stubs of the second dipole antenna 120, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna assembly 100 can be extended.

[0148] Figure 4 In the example, the first segment 121, the second segment 122, the third segment 123, the fourth segment 124, and the fifth segment 125 are all of equal width. In some embodiments of this application, the first segment 121 can be of unequal width. For example, the width of the first segment 121 gradually decreases from the center of the second dipole antenna 120 to the radiating end. Similarly, the second segment 122, the third segment 123, the fourth segment 124, and the fifth segment 125 can all be of unequal width.

[0149] The electrical length of the second dipole antenna 120 is set according to its operating frequency band. For example, the electrical length of the second dipole antenna 120 is (0.5 ± 0.005) times λ. This avoids current out-of-phase in the second dipole antenna 120, which is beneficial for the surface currents of the second dipole antenna 120 and the third dipole antenna 130 to radiate in the same direction, achieving high-gain radiation. For example, the sum of the lengths of the first segment 121, the second segment 122, the third segment 123, the fourth segment 124, and the fifth segment 125 is (0.5 ± 0.005) times λ.

[0150] Figure 4 In the example, with the substrate 140 having dimensions of 100mm in length, 14mm in width, and 1.6mm in thickness, a maximum gain greater than 5.4dBi can be achieved in the 2.36GHz-2.50GHz frequency band. Furthermore, in the substrate 140 and plate 31 (e.g....), Figure 3 In the embodiment shown, the minimum gain of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane is greater than -6dBi, the angle with an H-plane gain greater than 3dBi exceeds 180°, and the omnidirectional radiation is superior.

[0151] In some embodiments of this application, the second dipole antenna 120 may be of other structures.

[0152] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna assembly 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 and Figure 4 The differences include the different shape of the second dipole antenna 120.

[0153] Figure 6 In the example, the second dipole antenna 120 may further include a sixth segment 126 and a seventh segment 127. The sixth segment 126 is connected to the end of the fifth segment 125 away from the fourth segment 124. The seventh segment 127 is connected to the end of the first segment 121 away from the second segment 122. The extension directions of the sixth segment 126 and the seventh segment 127 are both parallel to the extension direction of the second segment 122.

[0154] Figure 6 In the example, the electrical length of the second dipole antenna 120 is the sum of the lengths of the first segment 121, the second segment 122, the third segment 123, the fourth segment 124, the fifth segment 125, the sixth segment 126, and the seventh segment 127.

[0155] Figure 6 In the example, the width of the seventh segment 127 is smaller than the width of the first segment 121. The width of the sixth segment 126 is smaller than the width of the fifth segment 125. This is beneficial for extending the impedance bandwidth of the antenna assembly 100.

[0156] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna assembly 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 7 and Figure 4 The differences include the different shape of the second dipole antenna 120.

[0157] Figure 7 In the example, the third segment 123 has a gap. The third segment 123 includes a first sub-segment 1231 and a second sub-segment 1232, with a gap between the first sub-segment 1231 and the second sub-segment 1232, and the first sub-segment 1231 and the second sub-segment 1232 are coupled. The end of the first sub-segment 1231 away from the second sub-segment 1232 is connected to the second segment 122, and the end of the second sub-segment 1232 away from the first sub-segment 1231 is connected to the fourth segment 124.

[0158] In this way, the second dipole antenna 120 can also be in a resonant state, achieving high gain of the antenna assembly 100.

[0159] Understandable Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 Only a partial example of the second dipole antenna 120 is shown; the shape of the second dipole antenna 120 can also be other shapes.

[0160] Similarly, the shape of the third dipole antenna 130 is described in the preceding description of the second dipole antenna 120. The shape of the third dipole antenna 130 can be any of the examples of the second dipole antenna 120 described above, or it can be other shapes.

[0161] in addition, Figure 4 In the example, the second dipole antenna 120 has the same shape as the third dipole antenna 130. In some embodiments, the second dipole antenna 120 can be... Figure 4 In the example shape, the third dipole antenna 130 can be Figure 6 or Figure 7 The shape shown in the example. Similarly, the second dipole antenna 120 can be... Figure 6 In the example, the third dipole antenna 130 can be... Figure 4 or Figure 7 The shapes shown in the examples are not limited in this application embodiment.

[0162] In some embodiments, the vertical projections of the second dipole antenna 120 onto the substrate 140 and the vertical projections of the third dipole antenna 130 onto the substrate 140 are about a virtual axis ( Figure 4The dashed line B) is symmetrical, and the virtual axis is parallel to the extension direction (y-direction) of the slot of the first dipole antenna 110. Thus, the second dipole antenna 120 and the third dipole antenna 130 have the same size and shape, which is more conducive to the phase of the current in the second dipole antenna 120 being the same as the phase of the current in the third dipole antenna 130, thus helping to improve the non-circularity problem of the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100. This also helps the antenna assembly 100 to have better omnidirectional radiation in the H-plane.

[0163] It is understood that in some embodiments of this application, the vertical projection of the second dipole antenna 120 on the substrate 140 and the vertical projection of the third dipole antenna 130 on the substrate 140 may be different.

[0164] The aforementioned "vertical projection of the second dipole antenna 120 on the substrate 140" refers to the projection of the second dipole antenna 120 onto the substrate 140 along a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 140 (also known as the thickness direction of the substrate 140). The description of the aforementioned "vertical projection of the third dipole antenna 130 on the substrate 140" is similar.

[0165] Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the examples, antenna assembly 100 includes a first dipole antenna 110, a second dipole antenna 120, a third dipole antenna 130, and a parasitic antenna 160. In some embodiments of this application, antenna assembly 100 may include a greater number of antennas.

[0166] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another antenna assembly 100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 8 and Figure 4 The differences include: antenna assembly 100 may further include: a fourth dipole antenna 170 and a fifth dipole antenna 180. The center frequency of the fourth dipole antenna 170 and the center frequency of the fifth dipole antenna 180 are equal.

[0167] Figure 8 In the example, both the fourth dipole antenna 170 and the fifth dipole antenna 180 are disposed on the substrate 140. The fourth dipole antenna 170 is coupled to the second dipole antenna 120, which is used to feed the fourth dipole antenna 170. The shortest distance between the fourth dipole antenna 170 and the second dipole antenna 120 is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. This makes the difference between the current phase of the fourth dipole antenna 170 and the current phase of the second dipole antenna 120 approximately 180°.

[0168] The fifth dipole antenna 180 is coupled to the third dipole antenna 130, with the third dipole antenna 130 used to feed the fifth dipole antenna 180. The shortest distance between the fifth dipole antenna 180 and the third dipole antenna 130 is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ. This ensures that the difference between the current phase of the fifth dipole antenna 180 and the current phase of the third dipole antenna 130 is close to 180°.

[0169] Thus, the first branch 111 of the first dipole antenna 110 is used to feed the second dipole antenna 120, which in turn feeds the fourth dipole antenna 170. The second branch 112 of the first dipole antenna 110 is used to feed the third dipole antenna 130, which in turn feeds the fifth dipole antenna 180. In this way, the antenna assembly 100 achieves series feeding. Furthermore, the current phases of the first dipole antenna 110, the fourth dipole antenna 170, and the fifth dipole antenna 180 are approximately equal. The current phases of the second dipole antenna 120 and the third dipole antenna 130 are approximately equal, while the current phases of the second dipole antenna 120 and the first dipole antenna 110 are approximately opposite.

[0170] Similarly, the antenna assembly 100 utilizes reverse current to alter the induced current radiation mode, improving the non-circularity of the H-plane radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100. This enhances the performance of the antenna assembly 100. Even if the antenna assembly 100 and wiring layer 32 (such as...) Figure 3 As shown, the antenna assembly 100 also has H-plane high-gain radiation performance, achieving omnidirectional radiation.

[0171] in addition, Figure 8 In the example, increasing the number of antennas in antenna assembly 100 can improve the peak gain in the H plane.

[0172] The shape and structure of the fourth dipole antenna 170 and the fifth dipole antenna 180 are described in the aforementioned description of the second dipole antenna 120.

[0173] The coupling method between the fourth dipole antenna 170 and the second dipole antenna 120 is described in the aforementioned description of the coupling between the first stub 111 and the second dipole antenna 120. Similarly, the coupling method between the fifth dipole antenna 180 and the third dipole antenna 130 is described in the aforementioned description of the coupling between the first stub 111 and the second dipole antenna 120. It will not be repeated here.

[0174] In some embodiments of this application, the antenna assembly 100 may further include a sixth dipole antenna, a seventh dipole antenna, or more dipole antennas. This can continuously improve the peak gain of the antenna assembly 100 in the H-plane.

[0175] The following combination Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 right Figure 3 The circuit board module 21 shown is illustrated by way of example. Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 The structure of the antenna assembly in the circuit board module described in the figure is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0176] Figure 9 for Figure 3 The circuit board module 21 shown is configured with S11 parameters. (From...) Figure 9 As can be seen, within the resonant frequency range of 2.36GHz-2.50GHz, the resonance values ​​shown by the S11 parameters for the antenna assembly are all less than -10dB, indicating lower return loss. This suggests that the impedance bandwidth of the antenna assembly is 2.36GHz-2.50GHz.

[0177] Figure 10 for Figure 3 The circuit board module 21 shown has a 3D radiation pattern at 2.45 GHz. From Figure 10 As can be seen from this, the radiation pattern of the antenna assembly is in the H-plane ( Figure 10 (Not marked in the image) The high gain and low vertical sidelobes indicate that the antenna assembly has good omnidirectional characteristics.

[0178] Figure 11 for Figure 3 The circuit board module 21 shown is illustrated with radiation patterns in the horizontal plane at 2.4 GHz, 2.42 GHz, 2.44 GHz, 2.46 GHz, and 2.48 GHz. This horizontal plane can also be referred to as the H-plane. Figure 11 (Not marked in the text).

[0179] Figure 11 In the diagram, curve S1 is the gain curve of the antenna assembly at 2.4 GHz, curve S2 is the gain curve of the antenna assembly at 2.42 GHz, curve S3 is the gain curve of the antenna assembly at 2.44 GHz, curve S4 is the gain curve of the antenna assembly at 2.46 GHz, and curve S5 is the gain curve of the antenna assembly at 2.48 GHz.

[0180] from Figure 11 As can be seen, the peak gain of the antenna assembly at 2.4GHz, 2.42GHz, 2.44GHz, 2.46GHz and 2.48GHz is greater than 5dBi, the angle greater than 3dBi is greater than 180°, and the minimum gain is greater than -6dBi.

[0181] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0182] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An antenna assembly (100), characterized in that, The antenna assembly (100) includes: substrate(140); A first dipole antenna (110) is disposed on the substrate (140), and the first dipole antenna (110) includes a first stub (111) and a second stub (112); A second dipole antenna (120) is disposed on the substrate (140), the second dipole antenna (120) being coupled to the first stub (111), the first stub (111) being used to feed the second dipole antenna (120); and A third dipole antenna (130) is disposed on the substrate (140), the third dipole antenna (130) is coupled to the second stub (112), and the second stub (112) is used to feed the third dipole antenna (130); The center frequencies of the third dipole antenna (130), the second dipole antenna (120), and the first dipole antenna (110) are equal; The shortest distance between the first stub (111) and the second dipole antenna (120) is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ; the shortest distance between the second stub (112) and the third dipole antenna (130) is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ; λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the first dipole antenna (110).

2. The antenna assembly (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antenna assembly (100) further includes: a first conductive element (151), and the coupling of the second dipole antenna (120) with the first stub (111) includes: the second dipole antenna (120) and the first stub (111) are connected through the first conductive element (151).

3. The antenna assembly (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The length of the first conductive element (151) is less than or equal to 0.2 times λ.

4. The antenna assembly (100) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The width of the first conductive element (151) is less than or equal to 0.05 times λ.

5. The antenna assembly (100) according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, The first branch (111) has a U-shaped structure, which includes a first straight side (1101), a second straight side (1102), and a third straight side (1103) connected in sequence; the radial end of the first branch (111) is located on the third straight side (1103); The connection between the second dipole antenna (120) and the first stub (111) via the first conductive element (151) includes: the second dipole antenna (120) and the second straight side (1102) being connected via the first conductive element (151), or the second dipole antenna (120) and the third straight side (1103) being connected via the first conductive element (151).

6. The antenna assembly (100) according to claim 5, characterized in that, Along the extension direction of the slot of the first dipole antenna (110), the projection of the first conductive element (151) on the first stub (111) is located within the third straight side (1103).

7. The antenna assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The antenna assembly (100) further includes a parasitic antenna (160), which is disposed on the substrate (140). Along the extension direction of the slot of the first dipole antenna (110), the projection of the parasitic antenna (160) onto the first dipole antenna (110) is a first projection, and the first projection overlaps with the first dipole antenna (110).

8. The antenna assembly (100) according to claim 7, characterized in that, Both the first branch (111) and the second branch (112) overlap with the first projection.

9. The antenna assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The vertical projection of the second dipole antenna (120) on the substrate (140) and the vertical projection of the third dipole antenna (130) on the substrate (140) are symmetrical about a virtual axis, which is parallel to the extension direction of the slot of the first dipole antenna (110).

10. The antenna assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The opening orientation of the first dipole antenna (110) is opposite to that of the second dipole antenna (120), and the opening orientation of the second dipole antenna (120) is the same as that of the third dipole antenna (130).

11. The antenna assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, From the feed end to the radiating end of the first dipole antenna (110), the width of the first stub (111) gradually increases.

12. The antenna assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, From the center of the second dipole antenna (120) to the radiating end, the width of the stubs of the second dipole antenna (120) gradually decreases.

13. A circuit board module (21), characterized in that, The circuit board module (21) includes: a printed circuit board (30) and an antenna assembly (100) according to any one of claims 1-12; the printed circuit board (30) includes a board body (31) and a wiring layer (32), the wiring layer (32) being disposed on the board body (31); the substrate (140) is connected to the board body (31).

14. The circuit board module (21) according to claim 13, characterized in that, The substrate (140) is directly connected to the plate body (31).

15. The circuit board module (21) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that, The shortest distance from the first dipole antenna (110) to the wiring layer (32) is a first value; the shortest distance from the second dipole antenna (120) to the wiring layer (32) is a second value; the shortest distance from the third dipole antenna (130) to the wiring layer (32) is a third value; the first value is greater than the second value, and the first value is greater than the third value.

16. The circuit board module (21) according to any one of claims 13-15, characterized in that, The opening of the first dipole antenna (110) is oriented away from the wiring layer (32).

17. A network device (10), characterized in that, The network device (10) includes a housing (20) and a circuit board module (21) according to any one of claims 13-16, the circuit board module (21) being located within the housing (20).

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