Pretreatment method and device for detecting photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell

Abstract

The invention relates to a pretreatment method and device for detecting photovoltaic performance of a perovskite solar cell. The invention discloses a pretreatment method for detecting photovoltaic performance of a perovskite solar cell. The pretreatment method comprises the following steps: excitation: exciting the perovskite solar cell to a steady state; the excitation method is at least one of infrared light irradiation, heating and voltage application. According to the pretreatment method, the perovskite solar cell is enabled to reach a steady state from a metastable state in a very short time by means of infrared light irradiation, heating, voltage applying and the like on the perovskite solar cell, so that the time for detecting the photovoltaic performance of the perovskite solar cell (such as I-V test and MPPT test) is shortened; the detection time is shortened to be less than 5min while the detection accuracy is ensured, and particularly, the detection time can be shortened to be less than 1min through infrared light irradiation treatment, so that the detection efficiency of the perovskite solar cell in large-scale industrial production is greatly improved, and the accuracy is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solar cell technology, and in particular to a pretreatment method and apparatus for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. Background Technology

[0002] The steady-state efficiency of a perovskite solar cell refers to the efficiency obtained under stable, continuous operating conditions. It offsets charge accumulation caused by hysteresis and is closer to the actual operating efficiency. Therefore, steady-state efficiency is recognized as the actual efficiency of the cell / module in the field of perovskite solar cells. However, there is currently no dedicated testing device for the characteristics of perovskite solar cells; the testing of perovskite solar cell characteristics still uses traditional equipment used for testing the performance of crystalline silicon cells and modules.

[0003] The IV characteristic curves of crystalline silicon cells and their modules were tested using a solar transient simulator and a fast scanning electron load in a standard test environment (25°C, 1000 W / m²). 2 The detection was performed under AM1.5G, and the entire IV characteristic curve scan time did not exceed 100ms. However, the material properties of perovskite solar cells differ from those of crystalline silicon cells. Perovskite solar cells suffer from problems such as ion migration, hysteresis, and slow photoelectric response. This necessitates the use of a steady-state simulator when testing the IV characteristic curves of perovskite solar cell devices. Furthermore, during the testing process, it is often necessary to first perform light wetting under simulated sunlight to bring the perovskite solar cell from a metastable state to a steady state in order to reduce Frankel defects, interface nonradiative recombination defects, etc. However, this process often takes tens of minutes, which is not conducive to the rapid detection and accurate evaluation of the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells in large-scale industrial production.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to develop a method that can improve the speed of photovoltaic performance testing of perovskite solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a pretreatment method and apparatus for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, addressing the problems of long testing time and low efficiency in traditional photovoltaic performance testing methods.

[0006] A pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells includes the following steps: excitation: exciting the perovskite solar cell to a steady state; the excitation method is at least one of infrared light irradiation, heating, and applying voltage.

[0007] The aforementioned pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells uses infrared light irradiation, heating, and voltage application to bring the perovskite solar cells from a metastable state to a steady state in a very short time, thereby shortening the detection time (such as IV test and MPPT test) of the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. While ensuring the accuracy of the detection, the detection time is shortened to less than 5 minutes. In particular, after infrared light irradiation, the detection time can be shortened to less than 1 minute, which greatly saves the detection efficiency and improves the accuracy of perovskite solar cells in large-scale industrial production.

[0008] The study found that infrared irradiation can improve the lattice structure and ion distribution of materials, enabling the battery to be quickly excited to a steady state; appropriate heat treatment can passivate perovskite defects and reduce the internal stress of perovskite materials, enabling the battery to be quickly excited to a steady state; by applying a small current or voltage across the battery terminals, it is possible to help redistribute ions in the perovskite material, restore the intrinsic properties of the perovskite material, and at the same time enable the battery to reach a stable working state, thereby improving the accuracy of the test.

[0009] Under initial illumination, electrons in a photovoltaic (PV) device absorb light energy and transition from the ground state to a higher energy level, known as the excited state. In the excited state, electrons possess higher energy and can undergo physicochemical processes impossible in the ground state, such as electron transitions, energy transfer, and electron-hole pair separation. The excited electrons and holes are separated and transported to the corresponding electrodes, generating current. With continuous illumination, the output parameters of the PV device (such as current and voltage) gradually reach a stable value, known as the steady state. In the steady state, the generation, separation, transport, and recombination of photogenerated carriers (electron-hole pairs) in the PV device reach dynamic equilibrium. Steady-state efficiency refers to the efficiency of the PV device when the output current tends to stabilize under continuous illumination. This efficiency value is closer to the actual operating efficiency of the battery and is therefore of great significance for evaluating the performance of PV cells.

[0010] In one embodiment, the excitation time is ≤8 min.

[0011] In one embodiment, the excitation time is ≤5 min.

[0012] In one embodiment, the excitation time is ≤3 min.

[0013] In one embodiment, the excitation time is 0.5 to 1 minute.

[0014] In one embodiment, the infrared light irradiation conditions are: the infrared light wavelength is 0.5μm~4.5μm.

[0015] In one embodiment, the infrared light irradiation time is ≤5 min.

[0016] In one embodiment, the infrared light irradiation time is ≤3 min.

[0017] In one embodiment, the infrared light irradiation time is 0.5 to 1 minute.

[0018] In one embodiment, the heating conditions are: heating at 70~120°C for 1~8 minutes.

[0019] In one embodiment, the heating time is 1 to 5 minutes.

[0020] In one embodiment, the specific method for applying the voltage is as follows: apply a voltage of (1.1~1.2)×N volts to the perovskite solar cell, and after the voltage of the perovskite solar cell stabilizes, maintain the voltage for ≤5 minutes; where N is the number of perovskite solar cells, and N≥1.

[0021] In one embodiment, after the voltage of the perovskite solar cell stabilizes, the voltage is maintained for 0.5 to 3 minutes.

[0022] The present invention also provides a pretreatment device for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, comprising a housing, an exciter, and a power supply, wherein the exciter is disposed inside the housing; the exciter is an infrared lamp, a heater, or a voltage applicator.

[0023] In one embodiment, the power source is an external power source.

[0024] In one embodiment, the exciter is an infrared lamp disposed at the top of the housing; the pretreatment device further includes a heat sink disposed at the bottom of the housing.

[0025] In one embodiment, the radiator is a water-cooled radiator, and the upper surface of the water-cooled radiator is provided with a sample placement area.

[0026] In one embodiment, the activator is a heater, which is disposed at the bottom end inside the housing.

[0027] In one embodiment, the upper surface of the heater is provided with a sample placement area.

[0028] In one embodiment, the exciter is a voltage applicator disposed at the bottom end inside the housing.

[0029] In one embodiment, the voltage applicator is a DC regulated power supply meter, which has a positive terminal and a negative terminal connected to it. The pretreatment device for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells further includes a sample placement stage, which is positioned above the DC regulated power supply meter. The positive and negative terminals are used to connect to the perovskite solar cell to be tested.

[0030] In one embodiment, the pretreatment apparatus for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells further includes a door. The door is connected to the housing.

[0031] The present invention also provides an application of the pretreatment device for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells in the preparation of power generation devices and / or energy storage devices and / or power consumption devices.

[0032] The present invention also provides an application of the pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells in the preparation of power generation devices and / or energy storage devices and / or power consumption devices.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] This invention discloses a pretreatment method and apparatus for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. By subjecting the perovskite solar cells to infrared light irradiation, heating, and voltage application, the perovskite solar cells can be brought from a metastable state to a steady state in a very short time, thereby shortening the detection time (such as IV test, MPPT test) of the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells. While ensuring detection accuracy, the detection time is shortened to less than 5 minutes. In particular, after infrared light irradiation treatment, the detection time can be shortened to less than 1 minute, which greatly saves the detection efficiency and improves the accuracy of perovskite solar cells in large-scale industrial production. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the infrared preprocessing device in Example 2;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the heating pretreatment device in Example 2;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the bias pretreatment device in Example 2;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a comparison of the IV characteristic curves of the perovskite solar cell of Sample 1.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a comparison of the IV characteristic curves of the perovskite solar cell of Sample 2.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a comparison of the IV characteristic curves of the perovskite solar cell of sample three. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the invention.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified, all reagents used in the following examples are commercially available; and all methods used in the following examples are conventional methods.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells includes the following steps:

[0046] Excitation: Excite the perovskite solar cell to a steady state; the excitation method is at least one of infrared light irradiation, heating, and voltage application; the excitation time is ≤8 min.

[0047] The conditions for infrared irradiation are as follows: infrared wavelength is 0.5μm~4.5μm, infrared lamp power is 375W, and infrared irradiation time is ≤5min; the heating conditions are as follows: heating at 70~120℃ for 1~8min; the specific method for applying voltage is as follows: apply a voltage of (1.1~1.2)×N volts to the perovskite solar cell, and after the voltage of the perovskite solar cell stabilizes, maintain this voltage for ≤5min, where N is the number of perovskite solar cells, and N≥1.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] A pretreatment device for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells includes a housing, an exciter, an external power supply, and a door. The exciter is disposed inside the housing; the exciter is an infrared lamp, a heater, or a voltage applicator. The door is connected to the housing.

[0050] Infrared pretreatment device: When the exciter is an infrared lamp, such as Figure 1As shown, the infrared lamp is located at the top inside the housing; the pretreatment device also includes a water-cooled radiator, which is located at the bottom inside the housing, and a sample placement area is provided on the upper surface of the water-cooled radiator.

[0051] Heating pretreatment device: When the exciter is a heater, such as Figure 2 As shown, the heater is located at the bottom of the housing, and a sample placement area is provided on the upper surface of the heater.

[0052] Bias pretreatment device: When the exciter is a voltage applicant, such as Figure 3 As shown, a voltage applicator is located at the bottom of the housing. The voltage applicator is a DC regulated power supply meter, which has a positive terminal and a negative terminal connected to it. A sample placement stage is also included, positioned above the DC regulated power supply meter. The positive and negative terminals are used to connect to the perovskite solar cell to be tested.

[0053] The test samples in the following examples are all perovskite solar cells with the following perovskite structure: FAMAPbI3, band gap: 1.53 eV, cell structure: FTO / HTL / PVK / ETL / ITO, and cell area: 756 square centimeters (45 cells).

[0054] Example 3

[0055] The IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell were detected using the infrared pretreatment device described in Example 2, following the method of Example 1.

[0056] Test subject: Sample 1.

[0057] 1. Connect the power supply to the pretreatment device and turn on the water-cooled radiator.

[0058] 2. Place the perovskite solar cell to be tested in the sample placement area, turn on the infrared lamp (Guangzhou Langpu Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., long-wave infrared lamp tube, infrared light wavelength is 0.5μm~4.5μm, infrared lamp power is 375W), and irradiate for 1 minute to make the cell temperature reach 50~100℃.

[0059] 3. After irradiation is stopped, wait for the temperature of the perovskite solar cell to drop to room temperature, and use a steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) to test the IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell according to the conventional operating method to obtain the IV characteristic curve.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] The IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell were detected using the infrared pretreatment device described in Example 2, following the method of Example 1.

[0062] Test sample: Sample 1, which was placed three days after the test in Example 3.

[0063] 1. Connect the power supply to the pretreatment device and turn on the water-cooled radiator.

[0064] 2. Place the perovskite solar cell to be tested in the sample placement area, turn on the infrared lamp (Guangzhou Langpu Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd., long-wave infrared lamp tube, infrared light wavelength is 0.5μm~4.5μm, infrared lamp power is 375W), and irradiate for 3 minutes to make the cell temperature reach 50~100℃.

[0065] 3. After irradiation is stopped, wait for the temperature of the perovskite solar cell to drop to room temperature, and use a steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) to test the IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell according to the conventional operating method to obtain the IV characteristic curve.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] The IV characteristics of perovskite solar cells were tested using the heating pretreatment apparatus described in Example 2, following the method of Example 1.

[0068] Test subject: Sample 2.

[0069] 1. Place the perovskite solar cell in the sample placement area, turn on the power of the pretreatment device, turn on the constant temperature heating stage (heater, STC805 / 4030 of GEM Electric, power of 2000w), set the temperature to 85℃, and start timing when the temperature reaches the set temperature value, the time is 5min.

[0070] 2. After heating is stopped, the perovskite solar cell is placed in a water-cooled heat dissipation device to cool its temperature to room temperature. The IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell are then tested using a steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) according to the conventional operating method, and the IV characteristic curve is obtained.

[0071] Example 6

[0072] The IV characteristics of perovskite solar cells were tested using the heating pretreatment apparatus described in Example 2, following the method of Example 1.

[0073] Test subject: Sample 2, which was placed three days after the test in Example 5.

[0074] 1. Place the perovskite solar cell in the sample placement area, turn on the power of the pretreatment device, turn on the constant temperature heating stage (heater, brand and model), set the temperature to 85℃, and start timing when the temperature reaches the set temperature value, the time is 8 minutes.

[0075] 2. After heating is stopped, the perovskite solar cell is placed in a water-cooled heat dissipation device to cool its temperature to room temperature. The IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell are then tested using a steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) according to the conventional operating method, and the IV characteristic curve is obtained.

[0076] Example 7

[0077] The IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell were detected using the bias preprocessor in Example 2, following the method of Example 1.

[0078] Target of testing: Sample 3.

[0079] 1. Place the perovskite solar cell on the sample stage, connect the positive terminal of the DC regulated power meter (A-BF SS-L603SPD) to the positive terminal of the cell, and connect the negative terminal of the DC regulated power meter to the negative terminal of the cell.

[0080] 2. Connect the power supply of the pretreatment device and rotate the current knob of the DC regulated power supply meter until the optimal voltage of the perovskite solar cell is reached (49.5 volts, current value of 150mA). After the cell voltage stabilizes, maintain this voltage for 3 minutes. Use a steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) to test the IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell according to the conventional operation method and obtain the IV characteristic curve.

[0081] Example 8

[0082] The IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell were detected using the bias preprocessor in Example 2, following the method of Example 1.

[0083] Test subject: Sample 3, which was placed three days after the test in Example 7.

[0084] 1. Place the perovskite solar cell on the sample stage, connect the positive terminal of the DC regulated power meter (brand and model) to the positive terminal of the cell, and connect the negative terminal of the DC regulated power meter to the negative terminal of the cell.

[0085] 2. Connect the power supply of the pretreatment device and rotate the current knob of the DC regulated power supply meter until the optimal voltage of the perovskite solar cell is reached (49.5 volts, current value 150mA). After the cell voltage stabilizes, maintain this voltage for 5 minutes. Use a steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) to test the IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell according to the conventional operating method to obtain the IV characteristic curve.

[0086] Comparative Example 1

[0087] The IV characteristics of perovskite solar cells were tested using conventional methods.

[0088] Test subject: Sample 1, which was placed three days after the test in Example 4.

[0089] 1. Place the perovskite solar cell into the steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) and expose it to sunlight for 10 minutes.

[0090] 2. After exposure to sunlight and cooling to room temperature, the IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell were tested using a steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) according to conventional operating methods, and the IV characteristic curves were obtained.

[0091] Comparative Example 2

[0092] The IV characteristics of perovskite solar cells were tested using conventional methods.

[0093] Test subject: Sample 2, which was placed three days after the test in Example 6.

[0094] 1. Place the perovskite solar cell into the steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) and expose it to sunlight for 10 minutes.

[0095] 2. After exposure to sunlight and cooling to room temperature, the IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell were tested using a steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) according to conventional operating methods, and the IV characteristic curves were obtained.

[0096] Comparative Example 3

[0097] The IV characteristics of perovskite solar cells were tested using conventional methods.

[0098] Test subject: Sample 3, which was placed three days after the test in Example 8.

[0099] 1. Place the perovskite solar cell into the steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) and expose it to sunlight for 10 minutes.

[0100] 2. After exposure to sunlight and cooling to room temperature, the IV characteristics of the perovskite solar cell were tested using a steady-state solar cell module simulator (GSIV-22A, Shaanxi Zhongsen Electric Power Technology Co., Ltd.) according to conventional operating methods, and the IV characteristic curves were obtained.

[0101] The detection results of Examples 3-4 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows: Figure 4As shown, compared with traditional detection methods, the pretreatment method of the present invention can shorten the detection time to 1-3 minutes.

[0102] The detection results of Examples 5-6 and Comparative Example 2 are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, compared with traditional detection methods, the pretreatment method of the present invention can shorten the detection time to 5-8 minutes.

[0103] The detection results of Examples 7-8 and Comparative Example 3 are as follows: Figure 6 As shown, compared with traditional detection methods, the pretreatment method of the present invention can shorten the detection time to 3-5 minutes.

[0104] In summary, the pretreatment method of the present invention can significantly shorten the time for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells compared with traditional methods, and has excellent accuracy.

[0105] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0106] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Excitation: Excite the perovskite solar cell to a steady state; The excitation method is at least one of infrared light irradiation, heating, and applying voltage.

2. The pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excitation time is ≤8 min.

3. The pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conditions for infrared light irradiation are: the infrared light wavelength is 0.5μm~4.5μm.

4. The pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells according to claim 3, characterized in that, The infrared light irradiation time is ≤5 min.

5. The pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells according to claim 4, characterized in that, The infrared light irradiation time is ≤3 minutes.

6. The pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating conditions are: heating at 70~120℃ for 1~8 minutes.

7. The pretreatment method for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific method for applying the voltage is as follows: apply a voltage of (1.1~1.2)×N volts to the perovskite solar cell, and after the voltage of the perovskite solar cell stabilizes, maintain the voltage for ≤5min; where N is the number of perovskite solar cells, and N≥1.

8. A pretreatment apparatus for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, characterized in that, It includes a housing, an exciter, and a power supply, with the exciter disposed inside the housing; the exciter is an infrared lamp, a heater, or a voltage applicator.

9. The pretreatment apparatus for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells according to claim 8, characterized in that, The exciter is an infrared lamp, which is located at the top of the housing.

10. The application of the pretreatment apparatus for detecting the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells as described in claim 8 in the preparation of power generation devices and / or energy storage devices and / or power consumption devices.

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