Optical system for a lighting device

Abstract

An optical system may include an emitter assembly and an optical structure configured for use with a lighting device to provide a narrow beam angle of the lighting device. The emitter assembly may include an array of emitters configured to emit light. The optical structure may include a body having a light inlet portion, a light outlet portion, and a sidewall extending between the light inlet portion and the light outlet portion. The sidewalls of the optical structure may define a total internal reflection (TIR) surface. The light exit portion may include a front surface and an octagonal shaped well formed in the front surface. The octagonal shaped well may have a central surface surrounded by a beveled portion configured to refract light reflected from the TIR surface toward a central axis of the optical system such that light rays transmitted from the light exit portion are substantially collimated.

Description

Cross-references to related applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of Provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 580,856, filed September 6, 2023, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. Background Technology

[0002] Lamps and displays using efficient light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming increasingly popular in many different markets. LED light sources offer many advantages over traditional light sources such as incandescent and fluorescent lamps. For example, LED light sources can consume less power and have a longer lifespan than traditional light sources. In addition, LED light sources may be free of harmful substances and can provide additional specific advantages for different applications. When used for general lighting, LED light sources offer the opportunity to adjust the color (e.g., from white to blue, green, etc.) or color temperature (e.g., from warm white to cool white) of the light emitted from the LED light source to produce different lighting effects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] As described herein, an optical system may include an emitter assembly and an optical structure configured for use with an illumination device to provide a narrow beam angle for the illumination device. The emitter assembly may include an emitter array configured to emit light, wherein the emitter array may be characterized by a region centered on the central axis of the optical system. The optical structure may include a body having a light inlet portion configured to receive light emitted by the emitter, a light outlet portion, and sidewalls extending between the light inlet portion and the light outlet portion. The body of the optical structure may be centered on the central axis of the optical system. The sidewalls of the optical structure may define a first total internal reflection (TIR) ​​surface within the body of the optical structure, wherein the first TIR surface may be configured to reflect light emitted by the emitter toward the light outlet portion.

[0004] The light inlet portion of the optical structure may define a recess within the body of the optical structure and a protrusion extending from the body into the recess. The protrusion may include a sidewall defining a second TIR surface within the body of the optical structure, the second TIR surface being configured to reflect light emitted by the emitter assembly toward the light outlet portion (e.g., to provide a narrow beam angle for an illumination device).

[0005] Additionally, the light exit portion may include a front surface and an octagonal well formed in the front surface. The octagonal well may include a central surface surrounded by a beveled portion configured to refract light reflected from the first TIR surface toward the central axis of the optical system, such that the light rays transmitted from the light exit portion are substantially collimated.

[0006] In some examples, an octagonal well defines an opening in the front surface of the light exit portion. This opening may have four alternating long sides and four short sides, such that each of the short sides connects between two of the long sides. For example, each of the long sides may be straight and parallel to a corresponding side of the emitter array. In some examples, each of the short sides bisects the corner of the square formed by the long sides. Each of the short sides may be straight or curved.

[0007] The octagonal well may include a sidewall extending between the front surface of the light exit portion and the beveled portion of the octagonal well. This sidewall may be perpendicular to the front surface of the light exit portion, such that it is aligned with the long and short sides of the opening defined by the octagonal well. The sidewall may be configured to offset the beveled portion from the front surface of the light exit portion, positioning the beveled portion to reflect light reflected from the TIR surface toward the central axis of the optical system, such that the light rays transmitted from the light exit portion are substantially collimated.

[0008] The sloping portion of an octagonal well can be flat and oriented at an angle relative to the central axis. For example, both the front surface of the light outlet portion and the central surface of the octagonal well are flat.

[0009] In some examples, the transmitter array of the transmitter assembly is mounted to the substrate.

[0010] Furthermore, the emitter assembly may include an optical element (e.g., a dome) mounted above the emitter array for conducting light emitted by the emitter. This optical element may define a circular periphery surrounding a region of the emitter array. The optical element may include a first circular portion centered on the central axis of the optical system and having a dome shape to increase the amount of light emitted by the emitter array transmitted from the optical element within the first portion. The optical element may further include a second circular portion positioned around the first circular portion and extending toward the substrate on which the emitter array is mounted. The second circular portion may have a substantially flat or convex shape and may be configured to diffuse light transmitted from the optical element within the second circular portion away from the central axis of the optical system, thereby reducing the apparent size of the region of the emitter array of the emitter assembly.

[0011] The TIR surface may include a first TIR surface. The light entrance portion of the optical structure may define a recess within the body of the optical structure and a protrusion extending from the body into the recess, the protrusion including a sidewall that defines a second TIR surface within the body of the optical structure. The second TIR surface may be configured to reflect light emitted by the emitter array toward the light exit portion. The emitter array may be characterized by a square-shaped region.

[0012] An optical system may include an emitter configured to emit light and an optical structure. The optical structure may include a body having a light inlet portion, a light outlet portion, and a sidewall extending between the light inlet portion and the light outlet portion, all configured to receive light emitted by the emitter. The sidewall may define a first total internal reflection (TIR) ​​surface within the body of the optical structure. The first TIR surface may be configured to reflect light emitted by the emitter toward the light outlet portion. The light inlet portion of the optical structure may define a recess within the body of the optical structure and a protrusion extending from the body into the recess. The protrusion may include a sidewall defining a second TIR surface within the body of the optical structure. The second TIR surface may be configured to reflect light emitted by the emitter toward the light outlet portion.

[0013] In some examples, the emitter is mounted to a substrate. The optical system may include an emitter assembly comprising an emitter. The emitter may include an array of emitters mounted to the substrate. The emitter assembly may include optical elements mounted above the emitter array for conducting light emitted by the emitter array. The optical elements may define a circular periphery surrounding a region of the emitter array. The optical element may include a first portion (such as a first circular portion) and a second portion (such as a second circular portion). The first circular portion may be centered on the central axis of the optical system and have a dome shape to increase the amount of light emitted by the emitter array transmitted from the optical elements within the first portion. The second circular portion may be positioned around the first circular portion and extend toward the substrate on which the emitter array is mounted. The second circular portion may have a substantially flat or convex shape. The second circular portion may be configured to diffuse light transmitted from the optical elements within the second circular portion away from the central axis of the optical system to reduce the apparent size of the region of the emitter array of the emitter assembly.

[0014] The light exit portion may include a front surface and an octagonal well formed in the front surface. The octagonal well may include a central surface surrounded by a beveled portion configured to refract light reflected from the first TIR surface toward the central axis of the optical system, such that the light rays transmitted from the light exit portion are substantially collimated. Sidewalls of the protrusion may exist within the sidewalls of the body, such that a second TIR surface exists within the body. The protrusion may have a smaller circumference than the body.

[0015] In some examples, the protrusion may define one or more circumferences, the body may define one or more circumferences, and the one or more circumferences of the protrusion are smaller than the one or more circumferences of the body. In some examples, the sidewall defining the second TIR surface has a smaller circumference than the sidewall including the first TIR surface. The first TIR surface may include or define a plurality of facets.

[0016] A transmitter assembly may include one or more transmitters mounted to a board and configured to emit light. The one or more transmitters may be mounted in a region on the board. The transmitter assembly may include an optical element mounted above the one or more transmitters for conducting light emitted by the one or more transmitters. The optical element may define a circular periphery surrounding the region on the board in which the one or more transmitters are mounted. The optical element may include a first circular portion located at the center of the optical element and having a dome shape to increase the amount of light emitted by the one or more transmitters transmitted from the optical element within the first portion. The optical element may include a second circular portion positioned around the first circular portion and extending toward the board in which the one or more transmitters are mounted. The second circular portion may have a substantially flat or convex shape and is configured to diffuse light transmitted from the optical element within the second portion away from the center of the optical element to reduce the apparent size of the region of the transmitter mounted to the board.

[0017] One or more transmitters may be mounted on the board in an array characterized by regions. The apparent size of the transmitter array, magnified by optical elements, may be less than or equal to 10% of the actual size of the transmitter array. In some examples, the board comprises a substrate.

[0018] A transmitter assembly may include one or more transmitters mounted to a board and configured to emit light, the transmitters being mounted in a region on the board. The transmitter assembly may include an optical element mounted above the one or more transmitters for conducting the light emitted by the one or more transmitters. The optical element may define a circular periphery surrounding the region on the board in which the one or more transmitters are mounted. The optical element may include a first portion positioned with a dome shape to increase the amount of light emitted by the one or more transmitters transmitted from the optical element within the first portion. The optical element may include a second portion positioned with a substantially flat or convex shape and configured to diffuse light transmitted from the optical element within the second portion away from the center of the optical element, thereby reducing the apparent size of the region of the transmitter mounted to the board.

[0019] The first portion may be centered on the central axis of the optical element. The second portion may be positioned around the first portion and extend toward a plate on which one or more transmitters are mounted. The first portion may define a circular perimeter defined by a first boundary. The second portion may define an inner circular perimeter defined by the first boundary and an outer circular perimeter defined by a second boundary. The second portion may extend between the first and second boundaries. The optical element may include a third portion positioned around the second portion. This third portion may define an inner circular perimeter defined by the second boundary and an outer circular perimeter aligned with the outer perimeter of the dome. In some examples, the third portion extends between the second boundary and the outer perimeter of the optical element. The third portion may define a curved shape between the second boundary and the outer perimeter of the dome.

[0020] The first portion may be located at the center of the optical element and have a dome shape to increase the amount of light transmitted from the optical element within the first portion by one or more emitters compared to an optical element that does not include the first circular portion. The optical element may include an outer surface defined by a first concave portion and a second convex portion.

[0021] An emitter assembly may include one or more emitters mounted to a board and configured to emit light, the emitters being mounted in a region on the board. The emitter assembly may include an optical element mounted above the one or more emitters for conducting the light emitted by the one or more emitters. The optical element may define a periphery surrounding the region on the board in which the one or more emitters are mounted. The optical element may include an outer surface defined by a first concave portion and a second convex portion. In some examples, the periphery of the optical element is circular. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of an example lighting installation.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of an example lighting assembly that can be deployed as follows: Figure 1 Part of the lighting device shown.

[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Side view of the lighting assembly.

[0025] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Exploded view of the lighting assembly.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a lighting assembly (such as, Figure 2 A top view of an example emitter assembly (shown as an illumination assembly).

[0027] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A side cross-sectional view of the transmitter assembly taken through the center of the transmitter assembly.

[0028] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Another side view of the transmitter assembly shows some light rays that can be emitted by one or more transmitters of the transmitter assembly.

[0029] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A top view of the transmitter assembly, showing an enlarged view of the transmitter when the dome of the transmitter assembly is shaped into a hemisphere.

[0030] Figure 9 It is a lighting assembly (such as, Figure 2 A top view of another example emitter assembly (shown as a lighting assembly).

[0031] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 A side cross-sectional view of the transmitter assembly taken through the center of the transmitter assembly.

[0032] Figure 11 yes Figure 9 Another side view of the transmitter assembly shows some light rays that can be emitted by one or more transmitters of the transmitter assembly.

[0033] Figure 12 yes Figure 11 A top view of the transmitter assembly, showing an enlarged view of the transmitter when the dome of the transmitter assembly is shaped into a hemisphere.

[0034] Figure 13 This is a perspective view of an example optical structure (e.g., a lens) that can be deployed as follows: Figure 2 The optical structure of the lighting device assembly shown.

[0035] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 A top view of the optical structure.

[0036] Figure 15 yes Figure 13 A perspective view of the optical structure, where the dashed lines represent the internal parts of the optical structure.

[0037] Figure 16 yes Figure 13 A top view of the optical structure, where the dashed lines in the figure are used to show the internal parts of the optical structure.

[0038] Figure 17 It includes Figure 13 A side-view cross-sectional view of the optical system of the optical structure and transmitter assembly, taken through the center of the optical structure and transmitter assembly.

[0039] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 The optical system is cut through the center of the optical structure and the emitter assembly and a side view cross-sectional view is shown, showing some light rays that can be emitted by the emitter assembly.

[0040] Figure 19 This is a perspective view of another example optical structure (e.g., a lens) that can be deployed as... Figure 2 The optical structure of the lighting device assembly shown.

[0041] Figure 20 yes Figure 19 A top view of the optical structure.

[0042] Figure 21 yes Figure 19 A perspective view of the optical structure, where the dashed lines represent the internal parts of the optical structure.

[0043] Figure 22 yes Figure 19 A top view of the optical structure, where the dashed lines in the figure are used to show the internal parts of the optical structure.

[0044] Figure 23 It includes Figure 19 A side-view cross-sectional view of the optical system of the optical structure and transmitter assembly, taken through the center of the optical structure and transmitter assembly.

[0045] Figure 24 yes Figure 23 The optical system is cut through the center of the optical structure and the emitter assembly and a side view cross-sectional view is shown, showing some light rays that can be emitted by the emitter assembly.

[0046] Figure 25 Examples of lighting fixtures (such as, Figure 1 A simplified block diagram of the lighting device shown. Detailed Implementation

[0047] Figure 1This is a perspective view of an example lighting device, such as lighting fixture 100 (e.g., a downlight fixture). Lighting fixture 100 may include a housing 110 (e.g., a shell), a decoration 120, and a lighting fixture assembly 130. Housing 110 may be configured to surround at least a portion of the lighting fixture assembly 130 and the decoration 120. Housing 110 may be configured to be mounted within a structure (e.g., a ceiling). When housing 110 is mounted within a structure, at least a portion of decoration 120 may extend from the structure. Decoration 120 may be configured to cover (e.g., conceal) an opening in housing 110. Housing 110 may be configured to receive various decorations (e.g., such as decoration 120) with different physical properties. Decoration 120 may define an aperture 122 of lighting fixture 100 through which lighting fixture assembly 130 may be configured to emit light. The aperture 122 of lighting fixture 100 may be characterized by an aperture size, which may be, for example, the diameter D of aperture 122. APERTURE (For example, about 2-3 inches).

[0048] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of an example lighting assembly 200, which can be deployed as follows: Figure 1 The lighting device assembly 130 of the lighting device 100 shown. Figure 3 This is a side view of the lighting assembly 200, showing the orientation in which the lighting assembly 200 can be oriented when it is installed in a lighting device. Figure 4This is an exploded view of the lighting assembly 200. The lighting assembly 200 may include an optical structure 210 (e.g., a lens), a reflector 220, and a light generating module 230. The light generating module 230 may include a printed circuit board 232, a heat sink 234, and a lamp holder 236. The light generating module 230 may include a transmitter assembly 240 (e.g., a transmitter module) having one or more transmitters, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) (not shown), and / or one or more detectors (e.g., LED detection detectors) mounted to a substrate 242, which may be mounted on the printed circuit board 232. The printed circuit board 232 may also house a circuitry including: one or more drive circuits for controlling the amount of power supplied to the transmitters of the transmitter assembly 240; one or more control circuits for controlling the drive circuits; and one or more wireless communication circuits for transmitting wireless signals (e.g., radio frequency (RF) signals) to an external device. The printed circuit board 232 may be located between the heat sink 234 and the lamp holder 236. The lamp holder 236 may at least partially surround the printed circuit board 232. The lamp holder 236 may define two or more connectors 238, each defining a corresponding slot 239 in which a corresponding tab 227 of the reflector 220 can be received to connect the reflector 220 to the light generating module 230. The lighting assembly 200 may define a central axis 202 around which the optical structure 210, the reflector 220, and the emitter assembly 240 of the light generating module 230 are centered.

[0049] Emitter assembly 240 may include optical elements, such as dome 244, configured to surround one or more emitters and one or more detectors mounted to substrate 242. The emitters of emitter assembly 240 may be configured to emit light (e.g., through dome 244). Substrate 242 may be a ceramic substrate formed of aluminum nitride or aluminum oxide materials or some other reflective material, and may be used to improve the output efficiency of emitter assembly 240 by reflecting light away from dome 244. For example, dome 244 may include an optically transmissive material such as silicon and may be formed by an overmolding process. The surface of dome 244 may be textured (e.g., slightly textured), for example, to increase light scattering and promote color mixing, and to reflect a portion (e.g., a small amount) of the emitted light back to the detectors mounted on substrate 242, for example, about 5% (e.g., when detectors are included). The emitters of emitter assembly 240 may be thermally coupled to heat sink 234 via substrate 242 and printed circuit board 232. Heat sink 234 can be configured to dissipate heat generated by the emitter of emitter assembly 240. Thermally conductive material can be placed between printed circuit board 232 and heat sink 234.

[0050] The light generating module 230 may also include an antenna 250 electrically coupled to one or more wireless communication circuits mounted to the printed circuit board 232. These one or more wireless communication circuits may be configured to transmit wireless control signals to and / or receive wireless control signals from an external control device via the antenna 250. For example, the wireless communication circuit may include an RF transceiver coupled to the antenna 250 for transmitting and / or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals. Alternatively, the wireless communication circuit may be an RF transmitter for transmitting RF signals and an RF receiver for receiving RF signals. The antenna 250 may be held in place by an antenna holder 252. The antenna holder 252 may be connected to the printed circuit board 232 and / or the lamp holder 236. As another example, the wireless communication circuit may be an IR transmitter and / or receiver for transmitting and / or receiving infrared (IR) signals.

[0051] The optical structure 210 may include a body 212 having a light inlet portion 214, a light outlet portion 216, and a sidewall 218. For example, the sidewall 218 may define a total internal reflection (TIR) ​​surface (not shown) within the body 212 of the optical structure 210. The sidewall 218 may be smooth and / or may have facets, such as... Figure 4 As shown, but other variations are possible. Reflector 220 may include a body 222 (e.g., a tapered body) having a first opening 224 (e.g., which is located in...). Figure 4 (shown as dashed lines in the middle), second opening 226, and sidewall 228. The body 222 of the reflector 220 may define a chamber 225 (shown as dashed lines in the middle), second opening 226, and sidewall 228. Figure 4 Optical structure 210 can be received in the chamber (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 2 (As shown in the diagram). The optical structure 210 may include a tab 219 configured to be received in a corresponding recess 229 in the reflector 220 for retaining the optical structure 210 within the chamber 225 of the reflector 220.

[0052] When assembling the lighting assembly 200 (e.g., such as...) Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the emitter of the emitter assembly 240 can be configured to emit light through the dome 244 and the first opening 224 of the reflector 220 to the light inlet portion 214 of the optical structure 210. The optical structure 210 can be configured to conduct the light received by the light inlet portion 214 toward the light outlet portion 216, such that the light can be emitted through the second opening 226 of the reflector 220. For example, the light outlet portion 216 of the optical structure 210 can be circular to match the circular shape of the second opening 226 of the reflector 220. The TIR surface defined by the sidewall 218 of the optical structure 210 can be configured to reflect light toward the light outlet portion 216 (e.g., as will be described in more detail below). In some examples, the TIR surface can be defined by the sidewall 218 of the optical structure 210 and reflect all (e.g., substantially all) of the light from the TIR surface toward the second opening 226 within the body 212. Additionally, the reflector 220 can be configured to reflect light toward the light outlet portion 216 of the optical structure 210.

[0053] The optical structure 210, reflector 220, and emitter assembly 240 (e.g., including the emitter and dome 244) can form an illumination device in which the illumination device assembly 200 is mounted (e.g., Figure 1 The optical system of the illumination device 100 shown. For example, the light outlet section 216 can be composed of a diameter D. L-EXIT (For example, such as) Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the diameter can be approximately equal to the size of the aperture of the lighting device (e.g., the diameter D of the aperture 122 of the lighting device 100). APERTURE When the size of the orifice of the lighting device (e.g., the diameter D of the orifice 122 of the lighting device 100) is... APERTURE When it is very small (e.g., about 2 inches), the diameter D of the optical structure 210 is... L-EXIT It may also be very small (e.g., about 2 inches), which can limit the overall size of the optical structure 210.

[0054] The lighting assembly 200 can be controlled by a beam angle θ BEAM (For example, such as) Figure 3 (As shown in the diagram). Beam angle θ BEAM The size of a light cone extending from the lighting assembly 200 and centered on a central axis 202 is defined, wherein the illumination intensity (e.g., luminance) of the light within the light cone does not decrease to below 50% of the peak illumination intensity level of the light within the light cone. In other words, the beam angle θ BEAM The distance d from the central axis 202 can be measured. 50% To determine, at that distance, the illumination intensity level of the light emitted by the lighting assembly 200 is determined by the illumination intensity level of the light emitted by the lighting assembly 200 at a specific distance d from the lighting assembly 200. PThe peak illumination intensity level of the light emitted from a location (e.g., approximately 8 feet) is approximately 50%, for example, θ BEAM = 2 · arctan(d 50% / d P ).

[0055] One or more characteristics of the optical structure 210 can be adjusted to change the beam angle θ of the illumination assembly 200. BEAM (For example, as will be described in more detail below). Therefore, the lighting assembly 200 can be equipped with different optical structures to provide a beam angle θ of the lighting assembly 200. BEAM Different values.

[0056] Figure 5 This is a top view of an example emitter assembly 300 (e.g., emitter module) of a lighting device, which can be deployed as follows: Figure 1 The emitter assembly and / or the lighting device 100 shown Figure 2 The transmitter assembly 240 of the lighting assembly 200 shown. Figure 6 It is the transmitter assembly 300 passing through the center of the transmitter assembly 300 (e.g., passing through the center of the transmitter assembly 300). Figure 5 The image shows a side cross-sectional view taken by the line shown. The transmitter assembly 300 may include an array 311 of transmitters 310 (e.g., emitting LEDs). In some examples, the transmitter assembly 300 may also include (e.g., optionally include) one or more detectors 312, 314 (e.g., detecting LEDs) located adjacent to the array 311 of transmitters 310. For example, the transmitter assembly 300 may include sixteen transmitters 310 and eight detectors 312, 314, but other variations are possible. In some examples, the transmitter assembly 300 may include more than... Figure 5 The diagram shows more or fewer transmitters 310 and more or fewer detectors 312, 314. Alternatively, different configurations of transmitters 310 and / or detectors 312, 314 can be used.

[0057] Emitter 310 and detectors 312, 314 can be mounted to substrate 316 (e.g., a plate) and can be encapsulated by optical elements (such as dome 318). For example, substrate 316 can be a ceramic substrate formed of aluminum nitride or aluminum oxide materials or some other reflective material. Alternatively, substrate 316 can include a printed circuit board (PCB), such as a rigid PCB (e.g., made of FR4 material) and / or a metal core PCB. The array 311 of emitters 310 can be located in region A. ARRAY Within this area, the region can be shaped, for example, into a square (e.g., a rectangular shape). For example, the array 311 of transmitter 310 (e.g., region A)ARRAY It can have edges with corresponding lengths, each corresponding length being equal to the distance d. ARRAY (e.g., approximately 6.2 mm). The dome 318 may have an outer periphery 315 surrounding the transmitter 311 and detectors 312, 314 (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 5 (As shown in the diagram). The transmitter assembly 300 may define a central axis 302, and region A of the array 311 of the transmitter 310. ARRAY The dome 318 can be centered on this central axis.

[0058] Emitter assembly 300 may include multiple “chains” (e.g., series-coupled emitters) of emitters 310. Emitters 310 in each chain may be series-coupled and may conduct the same drive current. Each chain may include emitters 310 that produce illumination at the same peak emission wavelength (e.g., emit light of the same color). Emitters 310 in different chains may emit different colors of light. For example, emitter assembly 300 may include chains of emitters 310 of four different colors (e.g., red, green, blue, and white or yellow). Array 311 of emitters 310 may include chains of four red emitters, chains of four green emitters, chains of four blue emitters, and chains of four white or yellow emitters. Individual emitters 310 in each chain may be distributed around the array and arranged such that no color appears twice in any row, column, or diagonal to improve color mixing within emitter assembly 300. Other variations may be used, such as the number of emitters 310 per chain, the color of the emitters 310, the number of colors of the emitters 310, the number of chains of emitters 310, etc. In addition, patterns other than square arrays can be used. Other variations are possible.

[0059] Detectors 312 and 314 can be positioned in pairs near each edge of the array 311 of transmitters 310 and / or located in the middle of the array 311 of transmitters 310, such as... Figure 5As shown in the diagram. Similar to emitter 310, detectors 312 and 314 can be LEDs that can be used to emit or receive optical or electrical signals. When detectors 312 and 314 are coupled to receive optical signals and emit electrical signals, the detectors can generate a current indicating the incident light from, for example, a single emitter, multiple emitters, or a chain of emitters. Detectors 312 and 314 can be any device that generates a current indicating the incident light, such as a silicon photodiode or LED. For example, detectors 312 and 314 can each be LEDs having a peak emission wavelength in the range of approximately 550 nm to 700 nm, such that the detectors can generate a photocurrent without responding to infrared light (e.g., to reduce interference from ambient light). For example, the first detector 312 in each pair of detectors can include a small red, orange, or yellow LED, which can be used to measure the luminous flux of light emitted by the red LED of emitter 310. The second detector 314 can include a green LED, which can be used to measure the corresponding luminous flux of light emitted by each of the green and blue LEDs of emitter 310. Both the first detector 312 and the second detector 314 can be used to measure the luminous flux of the white LED of the emitter 310 at different wavelengths (e.g., to characterize the spectrum of light emitted by the white LED). The first detector 312 can be coupled in parallel in the emitter assembly 300. Similarly, the second detector 314 can be coupled in parallel in the emitter assembly 300. Other variations are possible.

[0060] For example, dome 318 may include an optically transmissive material such as silicon (e.g., a translucent and / or transparent material) and may be formed by an overmolding process. Dome 318 may be a solid structure comprising an optically transmissive material filling the space between substrate 316 and the outer surface 319 of dome 318. The outer surface 319 of dome 318 may be textured (e.g., slightly textured), for example, to increase light scattering and promote color mixing, and to reflect a portion (e.g., a small amount) of the light emitted by emitter 310 back to detectors 312, 314 mounted on substrate 316, for example, about 5% (e.g., when detectors 312, 314 are included). Dome 318 may be formed by a diameter D in the plane of emitter 310. DOME1 (e.g., approximately 16 mm) characterization, where the diameter D DOME1 This can typically depend on the size of the array 311 of the transmitter 310 (e.g., distance d). ARRAY Dome 318 can be composed of height H. DOME1 This height can be approximately equal to the diameter D of dome 318. DOME1Half of the dome (e.g., approximately 8 mm). For example, the dome 318 may have a curved profile, such that the dome 318 can approximate a hemisphere (e.g., have a hemispherical shape). The emitter 310, detectors 312, 314, substrate 316, and dome 318 can form an optical system. The array 311 of emitters 310 can be positioned as close as possible together to the central axis 302 of the emitter assembly 300 to approximate a centrally located point source.

[0061] Figure 7 This is another side cross-sectional view of the emitter assembly 300, showing some light rays that can be emitted by one or more emitters 310 of the emitter assembly 300. For example, Figure 7 The leftmost emitter 310 shown can emit light that can be conducted through the dome 318 as an internal ray 350. At the outer surface 319 of the dome 318, the light of the internal ray 350 can be refracted, allowing the external ray 352 to propagate through the air outside the dome. For example, the light of the internal ray 350 can be refracted at the outer surface 319 of the dome 318, causing the external ray 352 to "bend" towards the central axis 302 of the emitter assembly 300.

[0062] When the dome 318 is shaped into a hemisphere, the dome 318 can be configured to magnify the emitter 310 (e.g., when the emitter 310 is viewed from above the dome 318). Figure 8 This is a top view of the transmitter assembly 300, showing an enlarged view of the transmitters 310 and detectors 312, 314 of the array 311 of transmitters 310 when the dome 318 is shaped into a hemisphere. For example, the enlarged view of the array 311 of transmitters 310 may have sides having corresponding apparent lengths, each of which is equal to a distance d. APPARENT1 (For example, approximately 8.7 mm), where the distance d APPARENT1 (For example, the apparent distance) is greater than the actual length d of the side of the array 311 of the transmitter 310. ARRAY (e.g., actual distance). Figure 7 The apparent path of ray 354 is also shown, which can illustrate an enlargement of the array 311 of emitters 310 when the dome 318 is shaped into a hemisphere. For example, the apparent path of ray 354 may extend in the same direction as the external ray 352 inside the dome 318. The apparent paths of ray 354 may meet at point 356, which defines the end of one side of the enlarged appearance of the array 311 of emitters 310 (e.g., at a distance d). APPARENT1 (one end).

[0063] It may be desirable to reduce the apparent length of the sides of the magnified appearance of the array 311 of transmitter 310 (e.g., so that transmitter assembly 300 more appropriately approximates a point source). Figure 9 and Figure 10 Another example emitter assembly 400 (e.g., emitter module) of a lighting device (e.g., emitter assembly of lighting device 100 and / or emitter assembly 240 of lighting device assembly 200) is shown, which emitter assembly can be configured to reduce the apparent size of the array 411 of emitters 410 of emitter assembly 400 (e.g., emitting LEDs). Figure 9 This is a top view of the transmitter assembly 400. Figure 10 It is the transmitter assembly 400 passing through the center of the transmitter assembly 400 (e.g., passing through the center of the transmitter assembly 400). Figure 9 The image shows a side cross-sectional view taken by the line shown. In some examples, the transmitter assembly 400 may also include (e.g., optionally) one or more detectors 412, 414 (e.g., for detecting LEDs). For example, the array 411 of the transmitter 410 and the detectors 412, 414 may be equivalent to... Figure 5 The transmitter 310 shown includes an array 311 and detectors 312 and 314. Figure 9 As shown, the transmitter assembly 400 may include, for example, sixteen transmitters 410 and eight detectors 412, 414, but other variations are possible. In some examples, the array 411 may include more than Figure 9 The number of transmitters 410 shown may be more or less. Although Figure 9 Two types of detectors 412 and 414 are shown, but depending on the transmitter 410, the transmitter assembly 400 may include more or fewer detectors. Additionally, different configurations of detectors 412 and 414 can be used.

[0064] Emitter 410 and detectors 412, 414 can be mounted on substrate 416 (e.g., a board) and can be encapsulated by optical elements (such as dome 418). For example, substrate 416 can be a ceramic substrate formed of aluminum nitride or aluminum oxide material or some other reflective material. Alternatively, substrate 416 can include a printed circuit board (PCB), such as a rigid PCB (e.g., made of FR4 material) and / or a metal core PCB. In some examples, emitter 410 can be directly mounted to the PCB (e.g., when substrate 416 is omitted). An array 411 of emitters 410 can be located in region A. ARRAY Within this area, the region can be shaped, for example, into a square (e.g., a rectangular shape). For example, the array 411 of emitters 410 (e.g., region A) ARRAY It can have edges with corresponding lengths, each corresponding length being equal to the distance d. ARRAY (e.g., approximately 6.2 mm). The dome 418 may have an outer periphery 415 surrounding the transmitter 411 and detectors 412, 414 (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 9(As shown in the diagram). The transmitter assembly 400 may define a central axis 402, and region A of the array 411 of the transmitter 410. ARRAY Dome 418 can be centered on this central axis.

[0065] Emitter assembly 400 may include multiple “chains” of emitters 410 (e.g., series-coupled emitters). Emitters 410 in each chain may be series-coupled and may conduct the same drive current. Each chain may include emitters 410 that produce illumination at the same peak emission wavelength (e.g., emit light of the same color). Emitters 410 in different chains may emit different colors of light. For example, emitter assembly 400 may include chains of emitters 410 of four different colors (e.g., red, green, blue, and white or yellow). Array 411 of emitters 410 may include chains of four red emitters, chains of four green emitters, chains of four blue emitters, and chains of four white or yellow emitters. Individual emitters 410 in each chain may be distributed around the array and arranged such that no color appears twice in any row, column, or diagonal to improve color mixing within emitter assembly 400. Other variations may be used, such as the number of emitters 410 per chain, the color of the emitters 410, the number of colors of the emitters 410, the number of chains of emitters 410, etc. Alternatively, patterns other than square arrays can be used.

[0066] Detectors 412 and 414 can be positioned in pairs near each edge of the array 411 of transmitter 410 and / or located in the middle of the array 411 of transmitter 410, such as... Figure 9As shown in the diagram. Similar to emitter 410, detectors 412 and 414 can be LEDs that can be used to emit or receive optical or electrical signals. When detectors 412 and 414 are coupled to receive optical signals and emit electrical signals, the detectors can generate a current indicating the incident light from, for example, a single emitter, multiple emitters, or a chain of emitters. Detectors 412 and 414 can be any device that generates a current indicating the incident light, such as a silicon photodiode or an LED. For example, detectors 412 and 414 can each be LEDs having a peak emission wavelength in the range of approximately 550 nm to 700 nm, such that the detectors can generate a photocurrent without responding to infrared light (e.g., to reduce interference from ambient light). For example, the first detector 412 in each pair of detectors can include a small red, orange, or yellow LED, which can be used to measure the luminous flux of light emitted by the red LED of emitter 310. The second detector 414 can include a green LED, which can be used to measure the corresponding luminous flux of light emitted by each of the green and blue LEDs of emitter 410. Both the first detector 412 and the second detector 414 can be used to measure the luminous flux of the white LED of the emitter 410 at different wavelengths (e.g., to characterize the spectrum of light emitted by the white LED). The first detector 412 can be coupled in parallel in the emitter assembly 400. Similarly, the second detector 414 can be coupled in parallel in the emitter assembly 400. Other variations as described above can be used.

[0067] For example, dome 418 may include an optically transmissive material such as silicon (e.g., a translucent and / or transparent material) and may be formed by an overmolding process. Dome 418 may be a solid structure comprising an optically transmissive material filling the space between substrate 416 and the outer surface 419 of dome 418. The outer surface 419 of dome 418 may be textured (e.g., slightly textured), for example, to increase light scattering and promote color mixing, and to reflect a portion (e.g., a small amount) of the light emitted by emitter 410 back to detectors 412, 414 mounted on substrate 416, for example, about 5% (e.g., when detectors 412, 414 are included). Emitter 410, detectors 412, 414, substrate 416, and dome 418 may form an optical system. The array 411 of emitters 410 may be positioned as close as possible to the central axis 402 of emitter assembly 400 to approximate a centrally located point source. Other variations as described above may be used.

[0068] The dome 418 can define the outline that can be configured to reduce the apparent size of the array 411 of the emitter 410 (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 10 (As shown). The dome 418 can be formed by a diameter D in the plane of the transmitter 410. DOME2(For example, approximately 14 mm). The dome 418 can be characterized by a height H at the central axis 402. DOME2 (e.g., approximately 4 mm) Characterized. Dome 418 may define a first portion 420 (e.g., a first circular portion), which may be located at the center of dome 418 (e.g., centered on the central axis 402 of the transmitter assembly 400). For example, the first portion 420 may have a circular periphery defined by a first boundary 422 (e.g., having a diameter D1 of approximately 4-5 mm). The first portion 420 (e.g., the outline of the first portion 420) may define a dome shape (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 10 (as shown in the diagram). The outline of the first portion 420 (e.g., a dome shape) can be configured to increase the amount of light emitted from the emitter 410 transmitted from the dome 418 within the first portion 420 (e.g., compared to a shape that is flatter or more planar than a dome shape).

[0069] The dome 418 may define a second portion 430 (e.g., a second circular portion), which may be positioned around the first portion 420 and extend toward the substrate 416 (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 9 (As shown in the diagram). For example, the second portion 430 may have a circular inner periphery defined by the first boundary 422 and a circular outer periphery defined by the second boundary 432 (e.g., having a diameter D2 of approximately 10-11 mm). The second portion 430 may extend between the first boundary 422 and the second boundary 432 (e.g., up to a distance d2 of approximately 5-7 mm) to form a strip-shaped area surrounding the first portion 420. The second portion 430 (e.g., the outline of the second portion 430) may define a flat shape (e.g., a substantially flat shape and / or a linear shape) between the first boundary 422 and the second boundary 432, such as... Figure 10 As shown in the diagram. The profile of the second portion 430 can be configured to diffuse light emitted from the emitter 410 transmitted from the dome 418 within the second portion 420 outward (e.g., guiding light transmitted from the dome 418 further away from the central axis 402 compared to guiding light from a hemispherical dome such as the dome 318), thereby reducing the apparent size of the emitter assembly 400 (e.g., smaller than the distance d of the emitter assembly 300). APPARENT1 In some examples, the second portion 430 (e.g., the outline of the second portion 423) may define a slightly concave shape (e.g., a curved outline recessed toward the substrate 416) to further guide light away from the central axis 402.

[0070] Dome 418 may define a third portion 440, which may be positioned around the second portion 430 (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 9(As shown in the diagram). For example, the third portion 440 may have a circular inner periphery defined by the second boundary 432 and a circular outer periphery aligned with the outer periphery 415 of the dome 418, such that the third portion 440 extends between the second boundary 432 and the outer periphery 415 of the dome 418. The third portion 440 (e.g., the outline of the third portion 443) may define a curved shape between the second boundary 432 and the outer periphery 415 of the dome 418, such as... Figure 10 As shown, for example, to allow the outer surface 419 of the dome 418 to terminate at the substrate 416.

[0071] Figure 11 This is another side cross-sectional view of the emitter assembly 400, showing some light rays that can be emitted by one or more emitters 410 of the emitter assembly 400. For example, Figure 11 The leftmost emitter 410 shown can emit light that can be conducted through the dome 418 as an internal ray 450. At the outer surface 419 of the dome 418, the light of the internal ray 450 can be refracted, allowing the external ray 452 to propagate through the air outside the dome. For example, the light of the internal ray 450 can be refracted at the outer surface 419 of the dome 418, causing the external ray 452 to "bend" towards the central axis 402 of the emitter assembly 400.

[0072] When the dome 418 includes a dome-shaped first portion 420 and a substantially flat and / or slightly convex second portion 430, the dome 418 can be configured to enlarge the emitter 410 to a size smaller than when the emitter assembly 400 includes an optical element such as a dome having a hemispherical shape. Figure 12 This is a top view of the transmitter assembly 400, showing an enlarged view of the transmitter 410 and detectors 412, 414 of the array 411 of transmitter 410 when the dome 418 includes the first portion 420 and the second portion 430. For example, the enlarged view of the array 411 of transmitter 410 may have sides having corresponding apparent lengths, each of which is equal to a distance d. APPARENT2 (For example, less than or equal to approximately 7 mm). The apparent size of the array 411 of the transmitter 410 can be less than or equal to, for example, approximately 110% of the actual size of the array 411 of the transmitter 410. In other words, the apparent length d of the sides of the magnified appearance of the array 411 is the distance. APPARENT2 (For example, the apparent distance) can be less than or equal to the distance d of the actual length of the side of the array 411 of the transmitter 410. ARRAY (e.g., actual distance). Figure 12Apparent ray 454 is also shown, which can illustrate an enlargement of the array 411 of emitters 410 when dome 418 includes first portion 420 and second portion 430. For example, apparent ray 454 may extend in the same direction as external ray 450 inside dome 418. Apparent rays 454 may meet at point 426, which may define the end of one side of the enlarged appearance of array 411 of emitters 410 (e.g., at a distance d). APPARENT2 (one end).

[0073] Figure 13 This is a perspective view of example optical structure 510 (e.g., a lens) and Figure 14 This is a top view of example optical structure 510, which can be deployed as follows: Figures 2 to 4 The optical structure 210 of the lighting assembly 200 shown. Figure 15 It is a perspective view of optical structure 510 and Figure 16 This is a top view of the optical structure 510, where the dashed lines indicate the internal parts of the optical structure 510 (as will be described in more detail below). Figure 17 It is the optical system 500 including optical structure 510 and transmitter assembly 540 passing through the center of optical structure 510 and transmitter assembly 540 (e.g., passing through). Figure 14 The side view cross-section is taken from the line shown in the figure. Figure 18 It is the center of the optical system 500 that passes through the optical structure 510 and the transmitter assembly 540 (e.g., through). Figure 14 The line shown intercepts and illustrates a side cross-sectional view of some light rays that can be emitted by the emitter assembly 540. The emitter assembly 540 may be equivalent to emitter assembly 300 and / or emitter assembly 400 (e.g., as shown in the diagram). Figure 17 (As shown in the diagram). The transmitter assembly 540 may include one or more transmitters 542 (e.g., transmitters 310, 410) and detectors (e.g., detectors 312, 314 and / or detectors 412, 414) (not shown) mounted on a substrate 544 and encapsulated by optical elements such as domes 546 (e.g., domes 318 or 418). The optical system 500 may be characterized by a central axis 502, around which the optical structure 510 and the transmitter assembly 540 may be centered (e.g., as shown in the diagram). Figure 17 (as shown in the image).

[0074] The optical structure 510 may include a body 512 having a light inlet portion 514, a light outlet portion 516, and sidewalls 518. For example, the body 512 may extend approximately 1.1 inches along a central axis 502. BODY1The light exit portion 516 may include, for example, a front surface 511, which may be substantially flat (e.g., planar) and may have a circular or substantially circular periphery. For example, the front surface 511 may have a diameter D of approximately 2 inches. FS1 The sidewall 518 may define, for example, a first total internal reflection (TIR) ​​surface 515 (e.g., the outer or main TIR surface of the optical structure 500) within the body 512 of the optical structure 510. For example, the sidewall 518 and / or the first TIR surface 515 may be smooth and may have a curved profile. Alternatively or concurrently, the sidewall 518 and / or the first TIR surface 515 may be faceted and may include segmented curved profiles, such as... Figure 13 and Figure 16 As shown in the diagram. For example, sidewall 518 may include a plurality of facets 517, each of which may be substantially flat (e.g., planar). Facets 517 may be positioned and joined together to form a segmented curved profile of the first TIR surface 515. Facets 517 may be operable to improve color mixing of different colors of emitter 542 of emitter assembly 540 in the accumulated light emitted by optical system 500. Optical structure 510 may include tabs 519 configured to be received in corresponding recesses in reflectors (e.g., recess 229 in reflector 220) to retain optical structure 510 within a cavity (e.g., cavity 225) of the reflector.

[0075] The light entrance portion 514 of the optical structure 510 may define a recess 520 (e.g., a cylindrical recess) that may be formed (e.g., cut into) the bottom surface 513 of the body 512. For example, the recess 520 may extend a distance d from the bottom surface 513. RECESS1 (For example, approximately 0.7 inches) enters into the body 512 of the optical structure 510. The recess 520 may be surrounded by an inner wall 521 (e.g., a cylindrical wall) and may be formed by a diameter D. RECESS1 (For example, approximately 0.7 inches) characterization. In Figure 15 In this diagram, the facet 517 of the sidewall 518 and the first TIR surface 515 are omitted to better show the recess 520 and inner wall 521 of the light inlet portion 514. The emitter assembly 540 can be mounted to the substrate 544 below the light inlet portion 514 of the optical structure 510, and the dome 546 of the emitter assembly 540 can be configured to extend into the recess 520 (e.g., as shown in the diagram). Figure 17 (As shown in the diagram). The inner wall 521 of the recess 520 can be smooth and / or have facets. For example, as... Figure 15As shown, the inner wall 521 may include a plurality of facets 523 (e.g., eight facets), each of which may be substantially flat (e.g., planar). Facets 523 may be operable to improve color mixing of different colors of the emitter 542 of the emitter assembly 540 in the accumulated light emitted by the optical system 500.

[0076] The light inlet portion 514 of the optical structure 510 may include a protrusion 522 that extends from the body 512 into the recess 520 of the light inlet portion 514. For example, the protrusion 522 may extend a distance d. PROJ1 (For example, approximately 0.2 inches) enters into the recess 520. The protrusion 522 may include a sidewall 524 that may define a second TIR surface 525 (e.g., an inner or secondary TIR surface of the optical structure 500) within the body 512 of the optical structure 500. The second TIR surface 525 may have a curved profile. The protrusion 522 may be formed by a diameter D PROJ1 Characterized by the fact that the value of this diameter varies relative to the distance along the length of the protrusion 522 from the upper end 527 to the lower end 529 of the protrusion 522. For example, the diameter D of the protrusion 522 PROJ1 The diameter D of the protrusion 522 may decrease from the upper end 527 to the lower end 529 along its length (e.g., from approximately 0.7 to 0.5 inches). PROJ1 At any point along the length of the protrusion 522, the diameter D of the recess 520 can be smaller than that of the protrusion 522. RECESS1 This creates a gap 526 between the sidewall 524 of the protrusion 522 and the inner wall 521 of the recess 520. The protrusion 522 may also include a convex surface 528 located at the lower end 529 of the protrusion 522 within the periphery of the sidewall 524 of the protrusion 522. The convex surface 528 can project upwards from the lower end 529 toward the light exit portion 516 into the protrusion 522. For example, the second TIR surface 525 and / or the convex surface 528 of the protrusion 522 may be centered on the central axis 502.

[0077] Optical structure 510 can conduct light rays transmitted by the emitter assembly 540 of optical system 500, such as... Figure 18 As shown. In Figure 18In this diagram, the intersecting shadows of the main body 512 of the optical structure 510 and the facets 523 of the inner wall 521 are omitted to better illustrate the light rays transmitted through the optical structure 510. For example, the emitter assembly 540 can emit a first emitted ray 550 that can pass from the dome 546 of the emitter assembly 540 through the air of the recess 520 toward the light entrance portion 514 of the optical structure 510. At the inner wall 521 of the recess 520, the light of the first emitted ray 550 can be refracted at point 551, such that a first internal ray 552 can be transmitted through the main body 512 of the optical structure 510. The first internal ray 552 can be reflected (e.g., total internal reflection) from the first TIR surface 515 at point 553. For example, the size and / or shape of the first TIR surface 515 can be set, and the first internal ray 522 can contact the first TIR surface 515 at an appropriate angle (e.g., greater than or equal to a critical angle) such that all the first internal rays 552 are reflected from the first TIR surface 515 toward the light exit portion 516 of the optical structure 510. At the front surface 511 of the light exit portion 516, the first internal rays 552 can be substantially perpendicular to the front surface 511 of the light exit portion 516, such that almost all the light from the first internal rays 552 is transmitted (e.g., refracted at the light exit portion) through the air as the first external ray 554. Although Figure 18 Only the first internal ray 522 is shown reflected from the TIR surface 515, but the emitter assembly 540 can transmit multiple emitted rays, thereby generating multiple internal rays, all of which are reflected from the first TIR surface 515 toward the light exit portion 516. The multiple internal rays can be reflected from the first TIR surface 515 such that they are substantially collimated into corresponding external rays exiting the light exit portion 516 of the optical structure 510 (e.g., such that the external rays are substantially perpendicular to the front surface 511 of the light exit portion 516 and substantially parallel to each other).

[0078] Additionally, the emitter assembly 540 can emit a second emitted ray 560, which can be transmitted from the dome 546 of the emitter assembly 540 through the air passing through the recess 522 toward the light entrance portion 514 of the optical structure 510. At the dome 528 of the protrusion 522, the light of the second emitted ray 560 can be refracted at point 561, allowing the second internal ray 562 to be conducted through the body 512 of the optical structure 510. The second internal ray 562 can be reflected from the second TIR surface 525 at point 563 (e.g., total internal reflection). For example, the size and / or shape of the second TIR surface 525 can be set, and the second internal ray 562 can contact the second TIR surface 525 at an appropriate angle (e.g., greater than or equal to a critical angle), such that all the second internal rays 562 are reflected from the second TIR surface 525 toward the light exit portion 516 of the optical structure 510. At the front surface 511 of the light exit portion 516, the second internal ray 562 can be approximately perpendicular to the front surface 511 of the light exit portion 516, such that almost all the light from the second internal ray 522 is transmitted through the air from the light exit portion 516 as the second external ray 564. Although Figure 18 Only the second internal ray 562 is shown reflected from the second TIR surface 525, but the emitter assembly 540 can transmit multiple emitted rays, thereby generating multiple internal rays, all of which are reflected from the second TIR surface 525 toward the light exit portion 516. The multiple internal rays can be reflected from the second TIR surface 525 such that they are substantially collimated to corresponding external rays exiting the light exit portion 516 of the optical structure 510. The second TIR surface 525 and the convex surface 528 of the protrusion 522 can be configured to focus the light emitted by the emitter assembly 540 toward the central axis 502 of the optical system 500, for example, to provide a narrow beam angle (e.g., approximately 25°) for the optical system 500.

[0079] Figure 19 This is a perspective view of another example optical structure 610 (e.g., a lens) and Figure 20 This is a top view of another example optical structure 610, which can be deployed as follows: Figures 2 to 4 The optical structure 210 of the lighting assembly 200 shown. Figure 21 It is a perspective view of optical structure 610 and Figure 22 This is a top view of the optical structure 610, where the dashed lines indicate the internal parts of the optical structure 610 (as will be described in more detail below). Figure 23 It is the optical system 600, which includes optical structure 610 and transmitter assembly 640, passing through the center of optical structure 610 and transmitter assembly 640 (e.g., passing through). Figure 20 The side view cross-section is taken from the line shown in the figure. Figure 24 It is the center of the optical system 600 that passes through the optical structure 610 and the transmitter assembly 640 (e.g., through). Figure 20 The line shown is a side-view cross-sectional view of some light rays that can be emitted by the emitter assembly 640. Figure 22 The transmitter assembly 640 is also shown. The transmitter assembly 640 may be equivalent to the transmitter assembly 300 and / or the transmitter assembly 400 (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 23 (As shown in the diagram). The transmitter assembly 640 may include an array 641 of transmitters 642 (e.g., transmitters 310, 410) mounted on a substrate 644 and encapsulated by optical elements such as domes 646 (e.g., domes 318 or 418) and detectors (e.g., detectors 312, 314 and / or detectors 412, 414) (not shown). The optical system 600 may be characterized by a central axis 602, around which the optical structure 610 and the transmitter assembly 640 may be centered (e.g., as shown in the diagram). Figure 23 (as shown in the image).

[0080] The optical structure 610 may include a body 612 having a light inlet portion 614, a light outlet portion 616, and sidewalls 618. For example, the body 612 may extend approximately 1.1 inches along a central axis 602. BODY2 The light exit portion 616 may include, for example, a front surface 611, which may be substantially flat (e.g., planar) and may have a circular or substantially circular periphery. For example, the front surface 611 may have a diameter D of approximately 2 inches. FS2 The sidewall 618 may define, for example, a first total internal reflection (TIR) ​​surface 615 (e.g., the outer or main TIR surface of the optical structure 600) within the body 612 of the optical structure 610. For example, the sidewall 618 and / or the first TIR surface 615 may be smooth and may have a curved profile, such as... Figure 19 , Figure 20 and Figure 21 As shown in the diagram. Alternatively or concurrently, the sidewall 618 and / or the first TIR surface 615 may be faceted and may include segmented curved profiles (e.g., as similarly described above with respect to facet 517). The optical structure 610 may include a tab 619 configured to be received in a corresponding recess in the reflector (e.g., recess 229 in reflector 220) to retain the optical structure 610 within a cavity (e.g., cavity 225) of the reflector.

[0081] The light entrance portion 614 of the optical structure 610 may define a recess 620 (e.g., a cylindrical recess) that may be formed (e.g., cut into) the bottom surface 613 of the body 612. For example, the recess 620 may extend a distance d from the bottom surface 613. RECESS2 (For example, approximately 0.7 inches) enters into the body 612 of the optical structure 610. The recess 620 may be surrounded by an inner wall 621 (e.g., a cylindrical wall) and may be formed by a diameter D. RECESS2 (e.g., approximately 0.7 inches) characterization. The emitter assembly 640 can be mounted to the substrate 644 below the light entrance portion 614 of the optical structure 610, and the dome 646 of the emitter assembly 640 can be configured to extend into the recess 620 (e.g., as shown). Figure 23 (As shown in the diagram). The inner wall 621 of the recess 620 can be smooth and / or have facets. For example, as... Figure 21 As shown, the inner wall 621 may include a plurality of facets 623 (e.g., 14 facets), each of which may be substantially flat (e.g., planar). Facets 623 may be operable to improve color mixing of different colors of the emitter 642 of the emitter assembly 640 in the accumulated light emitted by the optical system 600.

[0082] The light entrance portion 614 of the optical structure 610 may include a protrusion 622 that extends from the body 612 into the recess 620 of the light entrance portion 614. For example, the protrusion 622 may extend a distance d. PROJ2 (For example, approximately 0.3 inches) enters the recess 620. The protrusion 622 may include a sidewall 624 that may define a second TIR surface 625 (e.g., an inner or secondary TIR surface of the optical structure 500) within the body 612 of the optical structure 600. The second TIR surface 625 may have a curved profile. The protrusion 622 may be formed by a diameter D PROJ2 This diameter is characterized by varying relative to the distance along the length of the protrusion 622 from its upper end 627 to its lower end 629. For example, the diameter D of the protrusion 622... PROJ1 The diameter D of the protrusion 622 may decrease from the upper end 627 to the lower end 629 along its length (e.g., from approximately 0.6 to 0.5 inches). PROJ2 The length along the protrusion 622 can be less than the diameter D of the recess 620. RECESS2This creates a gap 626 between the sidewall 624 of the protrusion 622 and the inner wall 621 of the recess 620. The protrusion 622 may also include a convex surface 628 located at its lower end 629 within the periphery of the sidewall 624 of the protrusion 622. The convex surface 628 can project upwards from the lower end 629 toward the light exit portion 616 into the protrusion 622. For example, the second TIR surface 625 and / or the convex surface 628 of the protrusion 622 may be centered on the central axis 602.

[0083] When an internal ray of light approaches the bottom surface 613 of the body 612 (e.g., near the recess 620) and contacts the first TIR surface 615, the internal ray can be reflected at an angle not perpendicular to the front surface 611, and the internal ray can be guided toward the central axis 602 of the optical system 600. To correct the path of the internal ray reflected toward the central axis 602, the light exit portion 616 of the optical structure 610 may include an octagonal well 630 (e.g., an octagonal well and / or an octagonal well) operable to refract the internal ray, such that the light exits the optical structure 610 substantially collimated with other exiting rays. The octagonal well 630 may be formed (e.g., etched into) the front surface 611 of the light exit portion 616, such that the octagonal well 630 defines an opening 631 in the front surface 611. The octagonal well 630 (e.g., the opening 630 of the octagonal well 630) may be centered on the central axis 602. For example, an octagonal well 630 (e.g., the opening 630 of an octagonal well 630) can have a distance d where both are approximately 1.0 inches. WELL ( Figure 24 The length and width of ().

[0084] An octagonal well 630 (e.g., an opening 630 of the octagonal well 630) may include long sides 632 (e.g., four long sides) and short sides 633 (e.g., four short sides). The long sides 632 and short sides 633 may alternate, such that each short side 633 can be connected between two long sides 632. The long sides 632 may be straight and may be parallel to region A of the array 641 of the transmitters 642 of the transmitter assembly 640. ARRAY The corresponding edge (e.g., such as) Figure 22 (As shown in the diagram). The short side 633 can bisect (e.g., truncate) the corner of the square that can be formed by the long side 632. For example, the short side 633 can be straight, such as... Figure 19 and Figure 20As shown in the diagram. Each of the short sides 633 may be oriented at an angle of, for example, approximately 45° or -45° to the central axis 602. In some examples, each of the short sides 633 may be curved (e.g., so that the center is in the direction of the central axis 602). Compared to the case where the octagonal well 630 only has long sides 632 (e.g., compared to the case where the octagonal well 630 is square), the short sides 633 can allow the octagonal well 630 to have a circular shape (e.g., to better match the circular perimeter of the front surface 611).

[0085] The octagonal well 630 may include a center surface 634, which may be flat and parallel to the front surface 611. For example, the center surface 634 may have a distance d that is approximately 0.7 inches between the two surfaces. CS ( Figure 24 The length and width of the center surface 634. The center surface 634 can be offset from the front surface 611 by a distance of approximately 0.25 inches. W1 The central surface 634 may be surrounded by a beveled portion 636 with individual panes, which may form an angle θ of approximately 74° or -74° with respect to the central axis 602. BP ( Figure 24 Orientation. The octagonal well 630 may include a sidewall 638 extending (e.g., surrounding the slope portion 636) between the front surface 611 and the slope portion 636. For example, the sidewall 638 of the octagonal well 630 may be substantially perpendicular to the front surface 611 (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 23 As shown vertically, the sidewall 638 is aligned with the long side 632 and short side 633 of the octagonal well 630 (e.g., the opening 631 defined by the octagonal well 630). The beveled portion 636 of the octagonal well 630 may be offset from the front surface 611 by a distance d of approximately 0.20 inches. W2The beveled portion 636 can be configured to refract the internal rays reflected from the first TIR surface 615 toward the central axis 602. The beveled portion 636 can be configured to refract those internal rays such that the resulting external rays are substantially collimated with other external rays transmitted from the light exit portion 616 of the optical structure 610 (e.g., such that the external rays are substantially perpendicular to the front surface 611 of the light exit portion 616 and substantially parallel to each other). The size of the sidewall 638 of the octagonal well 630 can be set such that the beveled portion 636 is positioned to refract the internal rays reflected from the first TIR surface 615, in order to correct the path of the internal rays such that the external rays are substantially collimated with other external rays transmitted from the light exit portion 616 of the optical structure 610. Additionally, the protrusion 622 and the second TIR surface 625 can be sized and located within the optical structure 610 such that internal rays passing through the dome 628 into the body 612 and / or reflected from the second TIR surface 625 are guided toward the central surface 634 of the octagonal well 630 (e.g., not guided toward the slope portion 636 of the octagonal well 630).

[0086] Optical structure 610 can conduct light rays transmitted by emitter assembly 640 of optical system 600, such as... Figure 24 As shown. In Figure 24 In this diagram, the intersecting shadows of the main body 612 of the optical structure 610 and the facet 623 of the inner wall 621 are omitted to better illustrate the light rays transmitted through the optical structure 610. For example, the emitter assembly 640 can emit a first emitted ray 650, which can be transmitted from the dome 646 of the emitter assembly 640 through the air in the recess 620 toward the light entrance portion 614 of the optical structure 610. At the inner wall 621 of the recess 620, the light of the first emitted ray 650 can be refracted at point 651, such that a first internal ray 652 can be transmitted through the main body 612 of the optical structure 610. The first internal ray 652 can be reflected (e.g., total internal reflection) from the first TIR surface 615 at point 653. For example, the size and / or shape of the first TIR surface 615 can be set, and the first internal ray 652 can contact the first TIR surface 615 at an appropriate angle (e.g., greater than or equal to a critical angle) such that all the first internal rays 652 are reflected from the first TIR surface 615 toward the light exit portion 616 of the optical structure 610. At the front surface 611 of the light exit portion 616, the first internal rays 652 can be substantially perpendicular to the front surface 611 of the light exit portion 616, such that almost all the light from the first internal rays 652 is transmitted (e.g., refracted at the light exit portion) through the air as the first external ray 654. Although Figure 24Only the first internal ray 652 is shown reflected from the TIR surface 615, but the emitter assembly 640 can transmit multiple emitted rays, thereby generating multiple internal rays, all of which are reflected from the first TIR surface 615 toward the light exit portion 616. The multiple internal rays can be reflected from the first TIR surface 615 such that they are substantially collimated into corresponding external rays exiting the light exit portion 616 of the optical structure 610.

[0087] Additionally, the emitter assembly 640 can emit a second emitted ray 660, which can be transmitted from the dome 646 of the emitter assembly 640 through the air in the recess 620 toward the light entrance portion 614 of the optical structure 610. At the dome 628 of the protrusion 622, the light of the second emitted ray 660 can be refracted at point 661, allowing the second internal ray 662 to be conducted through the body 612 of the optical structure 610. The second internal ray 662 can be reflected (e.g., total internal reflection) from the second TIR surface 625 at point 663. For example, the size and / or shape of the second TIR surface 625 can be set, and the second internal rays 662 can contact the second TIR surface 625 at an appropriate angle (e.g., greater than or equal to a critical angle), such that all the second internal rays 662 are reflected from the second TIR surface 625 toward the central surface 634 of the octagonal well 630. At the central surface 634 of the octagonal well 630, the second inner ray 662 can be approximately perpendicular to the central surface 634, such that almost all the light from the second inner ray 662 is transmitted through the air from the light exit portion 616 as the second outer ray 664. Although Figure 18 Only the second internal ray 662 is shown reflected from the second TIR surface 625, but the emitter assembly 640 can transmit multiple emitted rays, thereby generating multiple internal rays, all of which are reflected from the second TIR surface 625 toward the light exit portion 616. The multiple internal rays can be reflected from the second TIR surface 625 such that they are substantially collimated to corresponding external rays exiting the light exit portion 616 of the optical structure 610. The second TIR surface 625 and the convex surface 628 of the protrusion 622 can be configured to focus the light emitted by the emitter assembly 640 toward the central axis 602 of the optical system 600, for example, to provide a narrow beam angle for the optical system 600.

[0088] When an internal ray of light approaches the bottom surface 613 of the body 612 and contacts the first TIR surface 615, the internal ray can be reflected at an angle not perpendicular to the front surface 611 and guided toward the central axis 602 of the optical system 600. For example, the emitter assembly 640 can emit a third emitted ray 670 that can be transmitted from the dome 646 of the emitter assembly 640 through the air in the recess 622 toward the light entrance portion 614 of the optical structure 610. At the inner wall 621 of the recess 620, the light of the third emitted ray 670 can be refracted at point 671, such that a third internal ray 672 can be conducted through the body 612 of the optical structure 610. The third internal ray 672 can be reflected from the first TIR surface 615 at point 673 (e.g., total internal reflection), but can be guided toward the central axis 602. At the inclined portion 636 of the octagonal well 630, the third inner ray 672 can be refracted at point 675, allowing the third outer ray 674 to be transmitted through the air from the light exit portion 616 of the optical structure 610. Although Figure 24 Only the third internal ray 672 is shown reflected from the TIR surface 615 toward the inclined portion 636 of the octagonal well 630, but the emitter assembly 640 can transmit multiple emitted rays, thereby generating multiple internal rays, all of which are reflected from the first TIR surface 615 toward the inclined portion 636 of the octagonal well 630. These internal rays can be refracted from the inclined portion 636 of the octagonal well 630 such that the resulting external rays are substantially collimated with other external rays exiting the light exit portion 616 of the optical structure 610. The sidewall 638 allows the inclined portion 636 of the octagonal well 630 to be positioned to properly refract the internal rays reflected from the first TIR surface 615 near the bottom surface 613 of the body 612 without interfering with the transmission through the convex surface 628 of the protrusion 622 and / or the internal rays reflected by the second TIR surface 625 (e.g., internal ray 662). Compared to a configuration without the octagonal well 630 (e.g., as in optical structure 510), by utilizing the octagonal well 630 included in the light exit portion 616 of optical structure 610, more external rays exiting the light exit portion 616 can be substantially collimated, allowing optical system 600 to be characterized by a narrower beam angle (e.g., approximately 15°), which can be greater than... Figures 13 to 18 The optical system 500 shown has a narrower beam angle.

[0089] Figure 25 Such as controllable lighting devices (e.g., Figure 1 The following is a simplified block diagram of an example lighting device 700 (illumination device 100 shown). The lighting device 700 may include one or more emitter assemblies 710 (e.g., Figure 3 and Figure 4The transmitter assembly 240 shown is... Figures 5 to 8 The transmitter assembly 300 shown is... Figures 9 to 12 The transmitter assembly 400 shown is an example. For instance, a controllable lighting device 700 may include a transmitter assembly 710, which may include one or more transmitters 711, 712, 713, and 714. Figure 25 The emitters 711, 712, 713, and 714 are shown as a single LED, but each emitter may, depending on the specific lighting system, include multiple LEDs connected in series (e.g., a chain of LEDs), multiple LEDs connected in parallel, or suitable combinations thereof. Additionally, each of the emitters 711, 712, 713, and 714 may include one or more organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). For example, the first emitter 711 may represent a chain of red LEDs, the second emitter 712 may represent a chain of blue LEDs, the third emitter 713 may represent a chain of green LEDs, and the fourth emitter 714 may represent a chain of white or amber LEDs. The emitters 711, 712, 713, and 714 can be controlled to adjust the brightness (e.g., luminous flux or intensity) and / or color (e.g., color temperature and / or color value) of the cumulative light output of the lighting device 700. The transmitter assembly 710 may also include one or more detectors 716, 718 (e.g., photodiodes) that can generate a corresponding photodiode current I in response to incident light. PD1 I PD2 (For example, detector signals). For example, the first detector 716 may represent a single red, orange, or yellow LED or multiple red, orange, or yellow LEDs connected in parallel (e.g., the first detector 316 of the emitter assembly 300 and / or the first detector 416 of the emitter assembly 400), and the second detector 718 may represent a single green LED or multiple green LEDs connected in parallel (e.g., the second detector 318 of the emitter assembly 300 and / or the second detector 418 of the emitter assembly 400). The emitter assembly 710 may be mounted on the light-generating printed circuit board of the lighting assembly of the lighting device 700 (e.g., the printed circuit board 232 of the light-generating module 230 of the lighting device assembly 200).

[0090] The lighting fixture 700 may include a power conversion stage 720. The power conversion stage 720 may include a power converter circuit 722 that can receive a source voltage, such as AC mains voltage V, via a thermal connection H and a neutral connection N. AC The power converter circuit 722 can cross the bus capacitor C. BUS Generate DC bus voltage V BUS(For example, approximately 15V to 20V). The power converter circuit 722 may include, for example, a boost converter, a buck converter, a buck-boost converter, a flyback converter, or a single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC). Converter or used to generate bus voltage V BUS Any other suitable power converter circuit. Power converter circuit 722 provides electrical isolation between the AC power supply and the transmitters 711, 712, 713, 714, and can act as a power factor correction (PFC) circuit to adjust the power factor of the lighting fixture 700 toward a power factor of 1. The circuitry of power conversion stage 720 can be mounted on a power printed circuit board external to the lighting fixture assembly, which includes the transmitter assembly 710 mounted on a light-generating printed circuit board.

[0091] The lighting device 700 may include a light generating module level 730. For example, the circuitry of the light generating module level 730 may be mounted to a light generating printed circuit board, to which the emitter assembly 710 is also mounted (e.g., the printed circuit board 232 of the light generating module 230 of the lighting device assembly 200). The light generating module level 730 may include an LED driving circuit 732 for controlling (e.g., individually controlling) the power supplied to each of the emitters 711, 712, 713, 714 of the emitter assembly 710 and the luminous flux of the light emitted by each emitter. The LED driving circuit 732 may receive a bus voltage V. BUS Furthermore, the corresponding LED driving current I conducted through transmitters 711, 712, 713, and 714 can be adjusted. LED1 I LED2 I LED3 I LED4 The value of the LED driving current I. The LED driver circuit 732 may include one or more regulating circuits (e.g., four regulating circuits), such as those for controlling the corresponding LED driving current I. LED1 to I LED4 A switching regulator (e.g., a buck converter) for the magnitude of the LED driver circuitry. An example of the LED driver circuitry 732 is described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 9,485,813, issued November 1, 2016, entitled ILLUMINATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR AVOIDING AN OVER-POWER OR OVER-CURRENT CONDITION IN A POWER CONVERTER, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0092] The light generation module level 730 may include a receiver circuit 734, which may be electrically coupled to detectors 716, 718 of the transmitter assembly 710 for response to photodiode current I. PD1 I PD2 And thus generate the corresponding optical feedback signal V FB1 V FB2 The receiver circuit 734 may include one or more transimpedance amplifiers (e.g., two transimpedance amplifiers) for converting the corresponding photodiode current I. PD1 I PD2 Converted into optical feedback signal V FB1 V FB2 For example, the optical feedback signal V FB1 V FB2 It may have a DC value, which indicates the corresponding photodiode current I. PD1 I PD2 The value of.

[0093] The light generation module level 730 may include emitter control circuitry 736 for controlling LED driver circuitry 732 to control the intensity of emitters 711, 712, 713, and 714 of the emitter assembly 710. Emitter control circuitry 736 may include, for example, a microprocessor, microcontroller, programmable logic device (PLD), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any other suitable processing device or controller. Emitter control circuitry 736 may generate one or more drive signals V. DR1 V DR2 V DR3 V DR4 This is used to control the corresponding adjustment circuit in the LED driver circuit 732. The transmitter control circuit 736 can receive the optical feedback signal V from the receiver circuit 734. FB1 V FB2 To determine the luminous flux L of the light emitted by transmitters 711, 712, 713, and 714. E .

[0094] The transmitter control circuit 736 can receive multiple transmitter positive voltage feedback signals V from the LED driver circuit 732. FE1 V FE2 V FE3 V FE4 And receive multiple detector positive voltage feedback signals V from receiver circuit 734. FD1 V FD2 Transmitter positive voltage feedback signal V FE1 To V FE4This can represent the magnitude of the forward voltage of the corresponding transmitters 711, 712, 713, and 714, and the magnitude can indicate the temperature T of the corresponding transmitter. E1 T E2 T E3 T E4 If each transmitter 711, 712, 713, 714 includes multiple LEDs connected in series, then the transmitter positive voltage feedback signal V... FE1 To V FE4 This can represent the magnitude of the forward voltage of a single LED across an LED array or the cumulative forward voltage generated by multiple LEDs across a chain (e.g., all LEDs in a chain that are coupled in series). The detector forward voltage feedback signal V FD1 V FD2 This can represent the magnitude of the positive voltage of the corresponding detectors 716 and 718, and the magnitude can indicate the temperature T of the corresponding detector. D1 T D2 For example, the detector's positive voltage feedback signal V FD1 V FD2 This can be equal to the positive voltage V of the corresponding detectors 716 and 718. FD .

[0095] The lighting device 700 may include a lighting device control circuit 740, which can be connected via a communication bus 742 (e.g., I...). 2 The C-communication bus is electrically coupled to the transmitter assembly control circuit 736. The lighting device control circuit 740 can be configured to control the transmitter assembly 710 to control the brightness (e.g., luminous flux) and / or color (e.g., color temperature and / or color value) of the accumulated light emitted by the lighting device 700. The lighting device control circuit 740 may include, for example, a microprocessor, microcontroller, programmable logic device (PLD), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any other suitable processing device or controller. The lighting device control circuit 740 can be configured to direct light towards a target intensity level L. TRGT (e.g., target brightness) Adjust (e.g., dimming) the current intensity L of the accumulated light emitted by the lighting device 700. PRES (For example, the current brightness), this adjustment range can span the dimming range of the controllable lighting device, for example, at the lower intensity L. LE (For example, minimum strength, such as approximately 0.1% to 1.0%) to upper strength L HE (For example, maximum intensity, such as approximately 100%). The lighting control circuit 740 can be configured to move towards the target color temperature T. TRGT Adjust the current color temperature T of the accumulated light emitted by the lighting device 700. PRESThe adjustment range is between cool white temperature (e.g., approximately 3100 K to 4500 K) and warm white temperature (e.g., approximately 2000 K to 3000 K). The lighting control circuit 740 can be configured to move towards a target color value (e.g., which can be determined by the target x-chromaticity coordinate X). TRGT and target y-chromaticity coordinates Y TRGT (Limited) Adjust the current color value of the accumulated light emitted by the lighting device 700 (e.g., it can be determined by the current x-chromaticity coordinate X). PRES and the current y-chromaticity coordinate Y PRES limited).

[0096] The lighting device 700 may include a communication circuit 744 coupled to the lighting device control circuit 740. The communication circuit 744 may include wireless communication circuitry, such as an RF transceiver coupled to an antenna to transmit and / or receive radio frequency (RF) signals. The wireless communication circuitry may include an RF transmitter for transmitting RF signals and / or an RF receiver for receiving RF signals. Additionally, the communication circuit 744 may be coupled to the live wire connection H and neutral connection N of the lighting device 700 to transmit control signals via electrical connections using, for example, power line carrier (PLC) communication technology. The lighting device control circuit 740 may be configured to determine a target intensity L of the controllable lighting device 700 in response to a message (e.g., a digital message) received via the communication circuit 734. TRGT .

[0097] The lighting device 700 may include a memory 746 configured to store operating characteristics of the lighting device 700 (e.g., target intensity L). TRGT Target color temperature T TRGT Target x-chromaticity coordinates X TRGT Target y-chromaticity coordinates Y TRGT Low-end strength L LE High-end strength L HE (etc.). The memory 746 can be implemented as an external integrated circuit (IC) or as internal circuitry of the lighting device control circuitry 740. The lighting device 700 may include a power supply 748 that receives a bus voltage V. BUS And generate supply voltage V CC It is used to power the lighting control circuit 740 of the lighting device and other low-voltage circuit systems.

[0098] When the illumination device 700 is turned on, the illumination device control circuit 740 can be configured to control the emitter assembly 710 to emit light substantially all the time. The illumination device control circuit 740 can also be configured to control the emitter assembly 710 to interrupt normal light emission to measure one or more operating characteristics of the emitter assembly during periodic measurement intervals. For example, during the measurement interval, the emitter control circuit 736 can be configured to individually turn on each of the different colored emitters 711, 712, 713, 714 of the emitter assembly 710 (e.g., simultaneously turning off the other emitters) and use one of the two detectors 716, 718 to measure the luminous flux of the light emitted by that emitter. For example, the emitter control circuit 736 can turn on the first emitter 711 of the emitter assembly 710 (e.g., simultaneously turning off the other emitters 712, 713, 714) and respond to a first optical feedback signal V generated from the first detector 716. FB1 The luminous flux L of the light emitted by the first transmitter 711 is determined. E Additionally, the transmitter control circuit 736 can be configured to drive transmitters 711, 712, 713, 714 and detectors 716, 718 to generate a transmitter positive voltage feedback signal V during the measurement interval. FE1 To V FE4 and detector positive voltage feedback signal V FD1 V FD2 .

[0099] Methods for measuring the operating characteristics of emitter assemblies in lighting devices are described in more detail in the following: U.S. Patent No. 9,332,598, issued May 3, 2016, entitled "INTERFERENCE-RESISTANT COMPENSATION FOR ILLUMINATIONDEVICES HAVING MULTIPLE EMITTER MODULES"; U.S. Patent No. 9,392,660, issued July 12, 2016, entitled "LED ILLUMINATION DEVICE AND CALIBRATION METHOD FOR ACCURATELYCHARACTERIZING THE EMISSION LEDS AND PHOTODETECTOR(S) INCLUDED WITHIN THE LEDILLUMINATION DEVICE"; and U.S. Patent No. 1, issued July 12, 2016, entitled "ILLUMINATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AN ILLUMINATION DEVICE OVERCHANGES IN DRIVE CURRENT AND TEMPERATURE". The entire disclosure of U.S. Patent No. 9,392,663 is hereby incorporated by reference.

[0100] Calibration values ​​for various operating characteristics of the lighting device 700 can be stored in memory 746 as part of a calibration process performed during the manufacture of the lighting device 700. Calibration values ​​can be stored for each of the emitters 711, 712, 713, 714 and / or detectors 716, 718 of the emitter assembly 710. For example, calibration values ​​for measurements of luminous flux (e.g., in lumens), x-chromaticity, y-chromaticity, emitter forward voltage, photodiode current, and detector forward voltage can be stored. For example, luminous flux, x-chromaticity, and y-chromaticity measurements can be obtained from emitters 711, 712, 713, 714 using an external calibration tool (such as a spectrophotometer). The values ​​of emitter forward voltage, photodiode current, and detector forward voltage can be measured internally within the lighting device 700. The calibration values ​​of each of the transmitters 711, 712, 713, 714 and / or detectors 716, 718 can be measured at multiple different drive currents and / or multiple different operating temperatures.

[0101] After installation, the lighting control circuit 740 of the lighting device 700 can use the calibration values ​​stored in the memory 746 to maintain a constant light output from the transmitter assembly 710. The lighting control circuit 740 can determine the target value of the luminous flux to be emitted from the transmitters 711, 712, 713, and 714 to achieve the target intensity L of the lighting device 700. TRGT Target color temperature T TRGT and / or target color value (e.g., as determined by the target x-chromaticity coordinate X). TRGT and target y-chromaticity coordinates Y TRGT (Limited). The lighting device control circuit 740 can determine the corresponding drive current I of the transmitters 711, 712, 713, and 714 based on a predetermined target value of the luminous flux emitted from the transmitters 711, 712, 713, and 714. LED1 to I LED4 The size. When the lifespan of the lighting device 700 is zero, the corresponding drive current I of the transmitters 711, 712, 713, and 714 can be... LED1 to I LED4 The quantity control is the initial quantity value I. LED-INITIAL .

[0102] The light output of the transmitter assembly 710 may decrease as transmitters 711, 712, 713, and 714 age. The lighting control circuit 740 can be configured to control the drive current I of transmitters 711, 712, 713, and 714. DR The size has been increased to the adjusted size I LED-ADJUSTED To achieve the target strength L TRGT Target color temperature T TRGT A determined target value for the luminous flux of the target color value. A method for adjusting the emitter's drive current to achieve constant light output as the emitter ages is described in more detail in U.S. Patent No. 9,769,899, entitled "ILLUMINATION DEVICE AND AGE COMPENSATION METHOD," published September 19, 2017, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Claims

1. An optical system comprising: A transmitter assembly comprising a transmitter array configured to emit light, the transmitter array being characterized by a region centered on the central axis of the optical system; and An optical structure includes a body having a light inlet portion, a light outlet portion, and a sidewall extending between the light inlet portion and the light outlet portion, the body centered on the central axis of the optical system, the sidewall defining a total internal reflection (TIR) ​​surface within the body of the optical structure, the TIR surface being configured to reflect light emitted by the emitter assembly toward the light outlet portion; The light exit portion includes a front surface and an octagonal well formed in the front surface, the octagonal well including a central surface surrounded by a beveled portion configured to refract light reflected from the TIR surface toward the central axis of the optical system, such that the light rays transmitted from the light exit portion are substantially collimated.

2. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the octagonal well defines an opening in the front surface of the light exit portion, the opening having four alternating long sides and four short sides, such that each of the short sides connects between two of the long sides.

3. The optical system of claim 2, wherein each of the long sides is straight and parallel to the corresponding side of the array of the transmitter.

4. The optical system of claim 3, wherein each of the short sides bisects the corner of the square formed by the long side.

5. The optical system of claim 4, wherein each of the short sides is straight.

6. The optical system of claim 4, wherein each of the short sides is curved.

7. The optical system of claim 2, wherein the octagonal well includes a sidewall extending between the front surface of the light exit portion and the inclined portion of the octagonal well.

8. The optical system of claim 7, wherein the sidewall is perpendicular to the front surface of the light exit portion such that the sidewall is aligned with the long side and the short side of the opening defined by the octagonal well.

9. The optical system of claim 7, wherein the sidewall is configured to offset the beveled portion from the front surface of the light exit portion to position the beveled portion toward the central axis of the optical system to reflect light reflected from the TIR surface, such that the light rays transmitted from the light exit portion are substantially collimated.

10. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the inclined portion of the octagonal well is flat and oriented at an angle relative to the central axis.

11. The optical system of claim 10, wherein both the front surface of the light exit portion and the center surface of the octagonal well are flat.

12. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the emitter array of the emitter assembly is mounted to a substrate.

13. The optical system of claim 12, wherein the transmitter assembly comprises: An optical element, mounted above the emitter array for conducting light emitted by the emitter array, defines a circular perimeter surrounding the region of the emitter array, the optical element comprising: A first circular portion, centered on the central axis of the optical system and having a dome shape to increase the amount of light emitted by the emitter array transmitted from the optical elements within the first portion; and A second circular portion, positioned around the first circular portion and extending toward the substrate on which the emitter array is mounted, has a substantially flat or convex shape and is configured to diffuse light transmitted from the optical elements within the second circular portion away from the central axis of the optical system to reduce the apparent size of the region of the emitter array of the emitter assembly.

14. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the TIR surface includes a first TIR surface, and the light inlet portion of the optical structure defines a recess in the body of the optical structure and defines a protrusion extending from the body into the recess, the protrusion including a sidewall defining a second TIR surface within the body of the optical structure, the second TIR surface being configured to reflect light emitted by the emitter array toward the light outlet portion.

15. The optical system of claim 1, wherein the emitter array is characterized by a square-shaped region.

16. An optical system comprising: A transmitter assembly comprising a transmitter array configured to emit light, the transmitter array being characterized by a region centered on the central axis of the optical system; and An optical structure includes a body having a light inlet portion, a light outlet portion, and a sidewall extending between the light inlet portion and the light outlet portion, the body centered on the central axis of the optical system, the sidewall defining a total internal reflection (TIR) ​​surface within the body of the optical structure, the TIR surface being configured to reflect light emitted by the emitter assembly toward the light outlet portion; The light exit portion includes a front surface and a well formed in the front surface, the well including a central surface surrounded by a beveled portion configured to refract light reflected from the TIR surface toward the central axis of the optical system, such that the light rays transmitted from the light exit portion are substantially collimated.

17. An optical system comprising: A transmitter configured to emit light; and An optical structure includes a body having a light inlet portion, a light outlet portion, and a sidewall extending between the light inlet portion and the light outlet portion, the sidewall defining a first total internal reflection (TIR) ​​surface within the body of the optical structure, the first TIR surface being configured to reflect the light emitted by the emitter toward the light outlet portion; The light inlet portion of the optical structure defines a recess in the body of the optical structure and defines a protrusion extending from the body into the recess, the protrusion including a sidewall defining a second TIR surface within the body of the optical structure, the second TIR surface being configured to reflect light emitted by the emitter toward the light outlet portion.

18. The optical system of claim 17, wherein the transmitter is mounted to a substrate.

19. The optical system of claim 18, further comprising a transmitter assembly including the transmitter, wherein the transmitter includes a transmitter array mounted to the substrate, and the transmitter assembly includes: An optical element, mounted above the emitter array for conducting light emitted by the emitter array, defines a circular perimeter surrounding a region of the emitter array, the optical element comprising: A first circular portion, centered on the central axis of the optical system and having a dome shape to increase the amount of light emitted by the emitter array transmitted from the optical elements within the first portion; and A second circular portion, positioned around the first circular portion and extending toward the substrate on which the emitter array is mounted, has a substantially flat or convex shape and is configured to diffuse light transmitted from the optical elements within the second circular portion away from the central axis of the optical system to reduce the apparent size of the region of the emitter array of the emitter assembly.

20. The optical system of claim 17, wherein the light exit portion includes a front surface and an octagonal well formed in the front surface, the octagonal well including a central surface surrounded by a beveled portion configured to refract light reflected from the first TIR surface toward the central axis of the optical system such that the light rays transmitted from the light exit portion are substantially collimated.

21. The optical system of claim 17, wherein the sidewall of the protrusion is present within the sidewall of the body, such that the second TIR surface is present within the body.

22. The optical system of claim 17, wherein the protrusion has a smaller circumference than the body.

23. The optical system of claim 17, wherein the protrusion defines one or more circumferences, wherein the body defines one or more circumferences, and wherein the one or more circumferences of the protrusion are smaller than the one or more circumferences of the body.

24. The optical system of claim 17, wherein the sidewall defining the second TIR surface has a smaller circumference than the sidewall including the first TIR surface.

25. The optical system of claim 17, wherein the first TIR surface comprises a plurality of facets.

26. A transmitter assembly, comprising: One or more transmitters are mounted to a board and configured to emit light, the one or more transmitters being mounted in a certain area of ​​the board; and An optical element, mounted above the one or more emitters for conducting light emitted by the one or more emitters, the optical element defining a circular perimeter surrounding the area on the plate in which the one or more emitters are mounted; The optical element said therein includes: A first circular portion, located at the center of the optical element and having a dome shape, is used to increase the amount of light transmitted from the optical element within the first portion by the one or more emitters. and A second circular portion, positioned around the first circular portion and extending toward the plate on which the one or more emitters are mounted, has a substantially flat or convex shape and is configured to diffuse light transmitted from the optical element within the second portion away from the center of the optical element to reduce the apparent size of the area of ​​the emitter mounted to the plate.

27. The transmitter assembly of claim 26, wherein the one or more transmitters are mounted to the board in an array characterized by regions.

28. The transmitter assembly of claim 27, wherein the apparent size of the transmitter array, magnified by the optical element, is less than or equal to 10% of the actual size of the transmitter array.

29. The transmitter assembly of claim 26, wherein the plate comprises a substrate.

30. A transmitter assembly, comprising: One or more transmitters are mounted to a board and configured to emit light, the one or more transmitters being mounted in a certain area of ​​the board; and An optical element, mounted above the one or more emitters for conducting light emitted by the one or more emitters, the optical element defining a circular perimeter surrounding the area on the plate in which the one or more emitters are mounted; The optical element said therein includes: The first part is positioned to have a dome shape to increase the amount of light emitted by the one or more emitters transmitted from the optical element within the first part; and The second part is positioned to have a substantially flat or convex shape and is configured to diffuse light transmitted from the optical element within the second part away from the center of the optical element, thereby reducing the apparent size of the area of ​​the emitter mounted to the plate.

31. The transmitter assembly of claim 30, wherein the first portion is centered on the central axis of the optical element.

32. The transmitter assembly of claim 30, wherein the second portion is positioned around the first portion and extends toward the plate on which the one or more transmitters are mounted.

33. The transmitter assembly of claim 30, wherein the first portion defines a circular periphery defined by a first boundary, and wherein the second portion defines an inner circular periphery defined by the first boundary and an outer circular periphery defined by a second boundary.

34. The transmitter assembly of claim 33, wherein the second portion extends between the first boundary and the second boundary.

35. The transmitter assembly of claim 34, wherein the optical element includes a third portion positioned around the second portion.

36. The transmitter assembly of claim 35, wherein the third portion defines an inner circular periphery defined by the second boundary and an outer circular periphery aligned with the outer periphery of the dome.

37. The transmitter assembly of claim 36, wherein the third portion extends between the second boundary and the outer periphery of the optical element.

38. The transmitter assembly of claim 36, wherein the third portion defines a curved shape between the second boundary and the outer periphery of the dome.

39. The transmitter assembly of claim 30, wherein the first portion is located at the center of the optical element and has a dome shape to increase the amount of light transmitted from the optical element within the first portion by the one or more transmitters compared to an optical element excluding the first circular portion.

40. The transmitter assembly of claim 30, wherein the optical element includes an outer surface, and wherein the outer surface is defined by a first concave portion and a second convex portion.

41. A transmitter assembly, comprising: One or more transmitters are mounted to a board and configured to emit light, the one or more transmitters being mounted in a certain area on the board; and An optical element, mounted above the one or more emitters for conducting light emitted by the one or more emitters, the optical element defining a perimeter surrounding the area on the plate in which the one or more emitters are mounted; The optical element includes an outer surface, and the outer surface is defined by a first concave portion and a second convex portion.

42. The transmitter assembly of claim 42, wherein the periphery of the optical element is circular.

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