Dwarf seedling raising and field planting integrated cultivation method for red date trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a red date tree dwarf seedling raising and field planting integrated cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, field planting plot pretreatment: selecting a proper plot, dividing field planting belts according to preset specifications, and laying a drip irrigation system after deep ploughing and fertilization; s2, directional dwarfing seedling raising: carrying out improved seed bud grafting seedling raising in the field planting belt, covering a special integrated matrix, building a sunshade, and completing first dwarfing treatment after grafting survival; s3, seedling raising and field planting linkage regulation and control, maintaining proper substrate humidity and timely topdressing, and cutting off redundant root systems to complete field planting linkage after the seedlings reach the standard without seedling lifting and transplanting; s4, later-stage dwarfing maintenance and high-yield regulation and control: adopting dwarfing tree shape pruning, regularly pinching and thinning branches, spraying fruit-promoting and high-yield liquid, and accurately regulating and controlling water and fertilizer. Seedling raising and planting integration and whole-course dwarfing are achieved, the seedling survival rate, the acre yield and the excellent fruit rate are effectively increased, cultivation is efficient, and the effect is stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fruit tree cultivation technology, and in particular to an integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees. Background Technology

[0002] Jujube is an important dried fruit tree species in my country, with extremely high nutritional and economic value. With the large-scale development of the jujube industry, traditional cultivation techniques have gradually revealed many drawbacks, restricting the improvement of the industry's quality and efficiency. For example, the traditional sparse planting and large-canopy cultivation model is no longer suitable for the needs of the modern jujube industry, and dwarf dense planting has become the mainstream direction for the industry's development.

[0003] Current technologies generally employ a two-stage cultivation model of "seedling cultivation followed by transplanting." After seedlings are cultivated in the nursery for 1-2 years, they undergo stages of digging, transportation, and planting. During this process, the root system is severely damaged, especially the fibrous roots and root hairs, resulting in a long recovery period after planting (usually 30-45 days). Survival rates are difficult to guarantee, and vegetative growth in the first year is hindered, delaying the fruiting period. Furthermore, jujube dwarfing techniques mostly focus on pruning and shaping after planting. These dwarfing measures are singular, the dwarfing effect is unstable, and the dwarfed tree shape is poorly adapted to dense planting, making it difficult to achieve synergy between high-density, high-yield cultivation and mechanized management. Current planting techniques require complex operations such as digging large holes (60-80cm square), layered fertilization, and three-layer burying and tamping. The planting depth, grafting point orientation, and root spread depend on manual experience, making standardized operations difficult. This leads to uneven tree growth in the orchard and increases management difficulty. Traditional seedling cultivation often uses open ground or conventional nutrient pots, resulting in well-developed vertical root systems but relatively weak horizontal root systems. This is not conducive to the stability of the dwarf tree shape and the absorption of nutrients from the topsoil, and the seedlings have poor drought and wind resistance.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated cultivation method for dwarfing jujube trees that can achieve seamless connection between seedling raising and planting, stable dwarfing effect, and high yield and efficiency. This has become an urgent need for the development of the jujube industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees that can achieve seamless connection between seedling raising and planting, stable dwarfing effect, and high yield and efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Pre-treatment of planting plots: Select a flat and well-drained plot, divide the planting strips according to the specifications of 80-100cm wide rows, 40-50cm narrow rows, and 25-30cm plant spacing, plow to a depth of 30-40cm and then apply fertilizer, and lay a drip irrigation system after leveling.

[0009] S2. Targeted dwarfing seedling cultivation: Grafting of high-quality jujube seedlings is carried out in the planting strip according to the preset plant spacing. After grafting, the seedlings are covered with a special integrated substrate with a substrate thickness of 5-8cm. At the same time, a shade shed is built. After the grafting survives, the first dwarfing treatment is carried out.

[0010] S3. Control of seedling raising and transplanting: The seedling raising period is 4 to 6 months. During this period, the substrate moisture should be maintained at 60 to 70%. Topdressing should be applied in a timely manner. When the seedling diameter reaches 0.8 to 1.0 cm and the plant height is 60 to 80 cm, the shade canopy should be removed, excess roots between seedlings should be cut off, and the main root length should be 15 to 20 cm to complete the transplanting connection. No seedlings need to be dug up and transplanted.

[0011] S4. Post-planting dwarfing maintenance and high yield regulation: After transplanting, adopt hedge-shaped or clump-shaped dwarfing tree training, and perform 2-3 pinching and thinning of branches every year. Spray fruit-promoting and high-yield liquid during the peak flowering period, and regularly regulate drip irrigation and topdressing during the growing season to achieve dwarfing and high yield.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S1, after deep plowing, 2000-3000 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer are applied per mu.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S2, the grafting of the improved jujube variety adopts the bud grafting method, the grafting time is in spring from March to April, and the binding is removed 15 to 20 days after grafting, while the buds are removed at the same time.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S2, the special integrated substrate is obtained by mixing leaf mold, vermiculite, decomposed sheep manure and water-retaining agent in a mass ratio of 3:1:2:0.5 to obtain the total substrate, and then adding 0.1~0.2% of rooting powder by mass of the total substrate.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the first dwarfing treatment includes pinching off the top when the seedling height is 30-35cm and spraying a paclobutrazol solution with a concentration of 500-800mg / L once.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in S3, topdressing is applied once each at 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after emergence, with an application rate of 5-6 kg per mu. The fertilizer is obtained by mixing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the fruit-promoting and yield-enhancing solution is obtained by mixing a 20 mg / L gibberellin solution and a 0.2% borax solution at a volume ratio of 1:1.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4:

[0019] Regularly regulate drip irrigation as follows: During the germination stage, maintain soil moisture at 60-65% and water every 7-10 days; during the pre-flowering stage, maintain moisture at 55-60% and water lightly every 5-7 days; during the young fruit and fruit expansion stages, maintain moisture at 65-70% and water every 5-7 days; during the post-harvest stage, maintain moisture at 60-65% and water every 10-15 days; during the winter dormancy period, water every 15-20 days or as needed for frost protection.

[0020] Regular topdressing is as follows: Topdressing during the growing season is done 5 times a year, at the budding stage, pre-flowering stage, young fruit stage, fruit expansion stage, and post-harvest stage. Specifically, at the budding stage, 10 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu; at the pre-flowering stage, 8 kg of potassium fertilizer is applied per mu; at the young fruit stage, 12 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu; at the fruit expansion stage, 10 kg of potassium fertilizer is applied per mu; and at the post-harvest stage, 1000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. This invention breaks with the traditional segmented model and directly raises seedlings in a predetermined planting plot according to the predetermined row and plant spacing. After the seedlings are raised, only the excess roots between the seedlings need to be cut off. There is no need to lift the seedlings and transplant them, which realizes the seamless connection between seedling raising and planting, completely eliminates the seedling slow period, significantly improves the survival rate of seedlings, and can form a dwarf tree shape in the same year after planting. The second year is the high-yield period, which shortens the orchard cycle by 1 to 2 years compared with the existing technology.

[0023] 2. This invention constructs a comprehensive dwarfing regulation system covering the entire process from early seedling stage to mid-seedling stage to post-planting. In the early seedling stage, a specialized substrate is used to regulate seedling growth. During the mid-seedling stage, pinching is performed, combined with precise hormone spraying. After planting, tree shaping and regular pinching and thinning are used to maintain the dwarfing state, achieving early and stable dwarfing. Compared to existing technologies that begin dwarfing regulation only after planting, this invention shortens the tree formation time by 6-8 months, stably controlling the plant height at 60-80cm, making it suitable for high-density cultivation. Furthermore, the trees are uniform in shape, facilitating mechanized harvesting and management.

[0024] 3. The specialized integrated substrate of this invention uses leaf mold, vermiculite, and well-rotted sheep manure as main raw materials, with the addition of water-retaining agents and rooting powder. It not only provides sufficient nutrition during the seedling stage, promoting root development, but also slowly degrades after transplanting, improving the soil structure of the planting site. This achieves seamless compatibility between the seedling substrate and the transplanting soil, eliminating the need for additional soil improvement. Compared to existing seedling substrates, the specialized substrate of this invention significantly increases the length of the seedling taproot, enhances root vitality, and reduces soil improvement costs.

[0025] 4. This invention optimizes the planting row spacing and, in conjunction with full-process dwarfing control, achieves a synergistic adaptation between dwarf tree shape and high-density cultivation. Compared with traditional dwarf cultivation, the density is significantly increased, and the problem of canopy closure in the orchard is avoided. At the same time, the dwarf tree shape has a moderate height, and with the wide row design, it is convenient for mechanized sowing, fertilization, harvesting and other operations, reducing the management cost per acre. This achieves a win-win situation of high yield and labor-saving management, and solves the core contradiction between density and management adaptability in existing technologies. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Existing technologies all employ a "remote seedling cultivation + seedling transplanting" or "direct seeding followed by seedling adjustment" model. These methods inevitably damage the root system during seedling cultivation or transplanting, leading to seedling dehydration and a recovery period of 3-12 months. This invention breaks with the traditional segmented model, directly cultivating seedlings at predetermined planting plots according to the designated row and plant spacing. After cultivation, only excess roots between seedlings need to be cut, eliminating the need for transplanting. This achieves a seamless transition between cultivation and planting, completely eliminating the recovery period, significantly improving seedling survival rates, and enabling dwarfed tree shapes to form in the same year of planting, reaching full production in the second year. This shortens the orchard establishment cycle by 1-2 years compared to existing technologies.

[0028] Existing dwarfing techniques mostly focus on post-planting pruning and shaping (such as hedgerow training) or single hormone treatment. This results in late-starting dwarfing regulation and limited methods, leading to unstable dwarfing effects and slow tree formation. This invention constructs a comprehensive dwarfing regulation system covering the entire process from early seedling stage to mid-seedling stage and post-planting. In the early seedling stage, a specialized substrate is used to regulate seedling growth. In the mid-seedling stage, pinching is performed in conjunction with precise hormone spraying. After planting, tree shaping and regular pinching and thinning are used to maintain the dwarfing state, achieving early and stable dwarfing. Compared to existing techniques that only begin dwarfing regulation after planting, this invention shortens the tree formation time by 6-8 months, stably controlling the plant height at 60-80cm, making it suitable for high-density cultivation. The trees also have a uniform shape, facilitating mechanized harvesting and management.

[0029] Existing seedling substrates only focus on nutrient supply during the seedling stage (e.g., tissue culture seedlings use a substrate of leaf mold + fine river sand + vermiculite), resulting in poor compatibility with the soil of the planting site. After planting, seedlings need to adapt to the new soil environment, further prolonging the recovery period. The specialized integrated substrate of this invention uses leaf mold, vermiculite, and well-rotted sheep manure as main raw materials, with added water-retaining agents and rooting powder. It not only provides sufficient nutrients during the seedling stage, promoting root development, but also slowly degrades after planting, improving the soil structure of the planting site. This achieves seamless compatibility between the seedling substrate and the planting soil, eliminating the need for additional soil improvement. Compared to existing seedling substrates, the specialized substrate of this invention significantly increases the length of the taproot and enhances root vitality, while simultaneously reducing soil improvement costs.

[0030] While existing technologies enable high-density cultivation, insufficient dwarfing measures lead to overcrowding in the later stages of the orchard, making management difficult. Traditional dwarfing cultivation, on the other hand, results in low density, hindering yield increases. This invention optimizes planting spacing and incorporates continuous dwarfing control to achieve a synergistic fit between dwarfing tree shape and high-density cultivation. This significantly increases density compared to traditional dwarfing cultivation while avoiding overcrowding issues. Furthermore, the moderate tree height, combined with wide row spacing, facilitates mechanized sowing, fertilization, and harvesting, reducing management costs per acre. This achieves a win-win situation of high yield and labor-saving management, resolving the core contradiction between density and management suitability in existing technologies.

[0031] The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees provided in this application includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treatment of planting site: Select a flat and well-drained site, divide the planting zone into wide rows of 80-100cm, narrow rows of 40-50cm, and plant spacing of 25-30cm, plow to a depth of 30-40cm, apply fertilizer, level the site, and lay a drip irrigation system; S2. Directional dwarfing seedling cultivation: Graft jujube seedlings of superior varieties are cultivated in the planting zone according to the preset plant spacing, and after grafting, they are covered with a special integrated substrate with a substrate thickness of 5-8cm. At the same time, a shade structure is built, and the first dwarfing treatment is carried out after the grafts survive; S3. Transplanting and Control: The seedling period is 4-6 months. During this period, the substrate moisture should be maintained at 60-70%. Topdressing should be applied in a timely manner. When the seedling diameter reaches 0.8-1.0cm and the plant height is 60-80cm, the shade canopy should be removed, excess roots between seedlings should be cut off, and the length of the main root should be 15-20cm. Transplanting should be completed without the need for digging up and transplanting. S4. Maintenance of Dwarfism and Control of High Yield in the Later Stage: After transplanting, pruning should be carried out in a hedge-shaped or clump-shaped dwarfing form. Pinching and thinning should be carried out 2-3 times a year. During the peak flowering period, a fruit-promoting and high-yield solution should be sprayed. During the growing season, drip irrigation and topdressing should be regularly controlled to achieve dwarfism and high yield.

[0032] All raw materials used in this invention are commercially available.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees includes the following steps:

[0035] S1. Pre-treatment of planting plots: Select a flat and well-drained plot, divide the planting strips according to the specifications of 100cm wide rows, 50cm narrow rows, and 30cm plant spacing, plow to a depth of 40cm, apply 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 60kg of compound fertilizer per mu, and lay a drip irrigation system after leveling.

[0036] S2. Targeted Dwarfing Seedling Raising: Jujube seedlings are grafted and raised within the planting zone at a predetermined spacing. Bud grafting is used, and the grafting time is April in spring. The grafting is completed 20 days after grafting, and bud removal is performed simultaneously. After grafting, a special integrated substrate is used (the total substrate is obtained by mixing leaf mold, vermiculite, well-rotted sheep manure, and water-retaining agent in a mass ratio of 3:1:2:0.5, and then adding 0.2% rooting powder by weight of the total substrate). The substrate thickness is 8cm, and a shade structure is erected. After successful grafting, the first dwarfing treatment is performed, i.e., pinching off the growing tip when the seedling height reaches 35cm, and spraying once with a paclobutrazol solution at a concentration of 800mg / L.

[0037] S3. Transplanting and seedling raising coordination: The seedling raising period is 6 months, during which the substrate moisture is maintained at 70%. Topdressing is applied once each at 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after emergence, with an application rate of 6 kg per mu. The fertilizer is a mixture of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a mass ratio of 1:1. When the seedling diameter reaches 1.0 cm and the plant height is 80 cm, the shade canopy is removed, excess roots between seedlings are cut off, and the main root is retained at a length of 20 cm to complete the transplanting coordination. No seedlings need to be dug up and transplanted.

[0038] S4. Post-planting dwarfing maintenance and yield regulation: After transplanting, adopt a hedge-shaped pruning system, and perform pinching and thinning three times a year. During the peak flowering period, spray with a fruit-promoting and yield-enhancing solution (a mixture of 20 mg / L gibberellin solution and 0.2% borax solution at a volume ratio of 1:1). During the growing season, regularly regulate drip irrigation and topdressing: maintain soil moisture at 65% during the budding stage and water every 10 days; maintain moisture at 60% during the pre-flowering stage and water lightly every 7 days; maintain moisture at 70% during the young fruit and fruit expansion stages and water every 7 days. Water once; maintain humidity at 65% during the later stages of harvest, watering every 15 days; during the winter dormancy period, water every 20 days or as needed for frost prevention; top-dressing during the growing season is done 5 times a year, at the budding stage, pre-flowering stage, young fruit stage, fruit expansion stage, and post-harvest stage. Specifically, apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu during the budding stage, 8 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu during the pre-flowering stage, 12 kg of compound fertilizer per mu during the young fruit stage, 10 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu during the fruit expansion stage, and 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu during the post-harvest stage to achieve dwarfing and high yield.

[0039] Example 2:

[0040] The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees includes the following steps:

[0041] S1. Pre-treatment of planting plots: Select a flat and well-drained plot, divide the planting strips according to the specifications of 80cm wide rows, 40cm narrow rows, and 25cm plant spacing, plow to a depth of 30-40cm, apply 2000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer per acre, and lay a drip irrigation system after leveling.

[0042] S2. Targeted dwarfing seedling cultivation: Grafting of superior jujube varieties is carried out within the planting zone according to the preset plant spacing. The grafting of superior jujube varieties adopts the bud grafting method. The grafting time is in March in spring. The binding is removed 15 days after grafting, and bud removal is performed at the same time. After grafting, a special integrated substrate is covered (the total substrate is obtained by mixing leaf mold, vermiculite, well-rotted sheep manure and water-retaining agent in a mass ratio of 3:1:2:0.5, and then adding 0.1% of the total substrate mass of rooting powder). The substrate thickness is 5cm. At the same time, a shade structure is built. After the grafting survives, the first dwarfing treatment is carried out, that is, when the seedling height is 30cm, the tip is pinched off, and a paclobutrazol solution with a concentration of 500mg / L is sprayed once.

[0043] S3. Control of seedling raising and transplanting: The seedling raising period is 4-6 months. During this period, the substrate moisture is maintained at 60%. Top-dressing is applied once at 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after emergence, with an application rate of 5 kg per mu. The fertilizer is a mixture of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a mass ratio of 1:1. When the seedling diameter reaches 0.8 cm and the plant height is 60 cm, the shade canopy is removed, excess roots between seedlings are cut off, and the main root is retained at a length of 15 cm to complete the transplanting connection. No seedlings need to be dug up and transplanted.

[0044] S4. Post-planting dwarfing maintenance and yield regulation: After transplanting, adopt a hedge-shaped or clump-shaped dwarfing tree form. Perform pinching and thinning twice a year. During peak flowering, spray with a fruit-promoting and yield-enhancing solution (a 1:1 mixture of 20 mg / L gibberellin solution and 0.2% borax solution). During the growing season, regularly regulate drip irrigation and topdressing: maintain soil moisture at 60% during bud break, watering every 7 days; maintain moisture at 55% before flowering, watering lightly every 5 days; maintain moisture at 65% during the young fruit and fruit expansion stages, watering lightly every 5 days. Water every 5 days; maintain humidity at 60% during the later stages of harvest and water every 10 days; during the winter dormancy period, water every 15 days or as needed to prevent freezing; top-dressing during the growing season is done 5 times a year, at the budding stage, pre-flowering stage, young fruit stage, fruit expansion stage, and post-harvest stage. Specifically, apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu during the budding stage, 8 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu during the pre-flowering stage, 12 kg of compound fertilizer per mu during the young fruit stage, 10 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu during the fruit expansion stage, and 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu during the post-harvest stage to achieve dwarfing and high yield.

[0045] Example 3:

[0046] The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees includes the following steps:

[0047] S1. Pre-treatment of planting plots: Select a flat and well-drained plot, divide the planting strips according to the specifications of 90cm wide rows, 45cm narrow rows, and 27cm plant spacing, plow to a depth of 35cm, apply 2500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 55kg of compound fertilizer per acre, and lay a drip irrigation system after leveling.

[0048] S2. Targeted Dwarfing Seedling Raising: Jujube seedlings are grafted and raised within the planting zone at a predetermined spacing. Grafting of the superior jujube varieties is done using bud grafting in March. The grafting is completed 17 days after grafting, and bud removal is performed simultaneously. After grafting, a special integrated substrate is used (a total substrate is obtained by mixing leaf mold, vermiculite, well-rotted sheep manure, and water-retaining agent in a mass ratio of 3:1:2:0.5, then adding 0.15% rooting powder by weight of the total substrate). The substrate thickness is 6.5cm. A shade structure is also erected. After successful grafting, the first dwarfing treatment is performed, i.e., pinching off the growing tip when the seedling height reaches 32.5cm, and spraying with a 650mg / L paclobutrazol solution once.

[0049] S3. Transplanting and Management: The seedling period is 5 months, during which the substrate moisture is maintained at 65%. Topdressing is applied once at 30, 60 and 90 days after emergence, with an application rate of 5.5 kg per mu. The fertilizer is a mixture of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a mass ratio of 1:1. When the seedling diameter reaches 0.9 cm and the plant height is 70 cm, the shade canopy is removed, excess roots between seedlings are cut off, and the main root is retained at a length of 17 cm to complete the transplanting connection. No seedlings need to be dug up and transplanted.

[0050] S4. Post-planting dwarfing maintenance and yield regulation: After transplanting, adopt a hedge-shaped or clump-shaped dwarfing tree form. Perform pinching and thinning twice a year. During peak flowering, spray with a fruit-promoting and yield-enhancing solution (a 1:1 mixture of 20 mg / L gibberellin solution and 0.2% borax solution). During the growing season, regularly regulate drip irrigation and topdressing: maintain soil moisture at 62% during bud break, watering every 8 days; maintain moisture at 57% before flowering, watering lightly every 6 days; maintain moisture at 67% during the young fruit and fruit expansion stages, watering lightly every 6 days. Water once every 6 days; maintain humidity at 62% during the later stages of harvest and water once every 12 days; during the winter dormancy period, water once every 17 days or as needed to prevent freezing; top-dressing during the growing season is done 5 times a year, at the budding stage, pre-flowering stage, young fruit stage, fruit expansion stage, and post-harvest stage. Specifically, apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu during the budding stage, 8 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu during the pre-flowering stage, 12 kg of compound fertilizer per mu during the young fruit stage, 10 kg of potassium fertilizer per mu during the fruit expansion stage, and 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu during the post-harvest stage to achieve dwarfing and high yield.

[0051] Comparative Example 1:

[0052] The difference from Example 1 is as follows: off-site seedling cultivation is adopted (separate seedling plots with soil types consistent with the planting plots in Example 1). The seedling substrate is composed of leaf mold, fine river sand, and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 2:2:1, without decomposed sheep manure, water-retaining agents, or rooting powder. After the seedlings are cultivated, they are dug up and transplanted to the pre-set planting plots (planting strip specifications, deep plowing and fertilization, and drip irrigation are the same as in Example 1). When digging up the seedlings, the taproot is retained for 20cm. After transplanting, the soil is covered, compacted, and watered. Dwarfing control, topdressing, drip irrigation, and other management are completely the same as in Example 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 2:

[0054] The difference from Example 1 is that the dwarfing measures during the seedling stage are cancelled, that is, when the seedlings are 30-35cm tall, the top is not pinched and the paclobutrazol solution is not sprayed; only the hedge-shaped pruning after transplanting is retained, and there is no dwarfing control in the early seedling stage; the seedling method, transplanting connection, special substrate, topdressing and drip irrigation and other management are completely the same as in Example 1.

[0055] Comparative Example 3:

[0056] The difference from Example 1 is that the seedling substrate is composed of leaf mold, fine river sand and vermiculite in a mass ratio of 2:2:1, without the addition of decomposed sheep manure, water-retaining agent and rooting powder; after transplanting, no additional soil improvement is done, and the seedling substrate is naturally adapted to the soil of the transplanting site; the seedling method, dwarfing control, topdressing and drip irrigation and other management are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0057] Cultivation was carried out using the methods of Examples 1, 2, and 3 and Comparative Examples 1, 2, and 3, respectively. All experimental plots of the comparative examples and examples were arranged adjacent to each other to ensure that the soil type, climate conditions, and irrigation water sources were completely consistent and to avoid interference from non-experimental factors. The experimental area of ​​each group was 1.5 mu, and the data were statistically analyzed using random sampling (sampling ratio ≥30%) to ensure data reliability. The survival rate, yield per mu, and rate of high-quality fruit of the seedlings in the experimental fields of the examples and comparative examples were statistically analyzed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0058] Table 1: Statistics of relevant indicators of seedlings in the Example Group and Comparative Group

[0059]

[0060] As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate, yield per mu, and rate of high-quality fruit of the jujube trees in the embodiment group of the present invention are significantly better than those in the comparative group.

[0061] Integrated cultivation eliminates the need for transplanting seedlings, avoiding mechanical damage to the root system and reducing the recovery period. Combined with the water retention, root-promoting, and nutrient-supplying capabilities of the specialized substrate, it significantly improves seedling survival rates. The specialized substrate contains well-rotted sheep manure, water-retaining agents, and rooting powder, optimizing the root growth environment, promoting root development, and laying the foundation for robust tree growth. Full-process dwarfing control, through early topping during the seedling stage, spraying with paclobutrazol, and combined with post-planting pruning, effectively controls tree height, preventing nutrient waste on vegetative growth and directing nutrients towards flower bud differentiation and fruit development, increasing fruit set and yield per acre. Simultaneously, the well-developed root system facilitates nutrient and water absorption, and precise dwarfing control ensures even sunlight exposure for the fruit. Combined with fruit-promoting and yield-enhancing solutions and precise water and fertilizer management, it significantly improves fruit quality, increases the rate of high-quality fruit, and achieves the cultivation goal of high-quality and high-yield jujubes.

[0062] In summary, the integrated cultivation method for dwarfing jujube seedlings and planting of the present invention achieves seamless connection between jujube seedling cultivation and planting, shortens the orchard establishment period, improves survival rate and yield, reduces cultivation costs, facilitates mechanized management, and promotes the large-scale and standardized development of the jujube industry.

[0063] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any simple changes, equivalent substitutions, or modifications made based on the present invention to solve essentially the same technical problems and achieve essentially the same technical effects are all covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrated cultivation of dwarf jujube trees through seedling raising and planting, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1. Pre-treatment of planting plots: Select a flat and well-drained plot, divide the planting strips according to the specifications of 80-100cm wide rows, 40-50cm narrow rows, and 25-30cm plant spacing, plow to a depth of 30-40cm and then apply fertilizer, and lay a drip irrigation system after leveling. S2. Targeted dwarfing seedling cultivation: Grafting of high-quality jujube seedlings is carried out in the planting strip according to the preset plant spacing. After grafting, the seedlings are covered with a special integrated substrate with a substrate thickness of 5-8cm. At the same time, a shade shed is built. After the grafting survives, the first dwarfing treatment is carried out. S3. Control of seedling raising and transplanting: The seedling raising period is 4 to 6 months. During this period, the substrate moisture should be maintained at 60 to 70%. Topdressing should be applied in a timely manner. When the seedling diameter reaches 0.8 to 1.0 cm and the plant height is 60 to 80 cm, the shade canopy should be removed, excess roots between seedlings should be cut off, and the main root length should be 15 to 20 cm to complete the transplanting connection. No seedlings need to be dug up and transplanted. S4. Post-planting dwarfing maintenance and high yield regulation: After transplanting, adopt hedge-shaped or clump-shaped dwarfing tree training, and perform 2-3 pinching and thinning of branches every year. Spray fruit-promoting and high-yield liquid during the peak flowering period, and regularly regulate drip irrigation and topdressing during the growing season to achieve dwarfing and high yield.

2. The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S1, after deep plowing, apply 2000-3000 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer and 50-60 kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

3. The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the grafting of the improved jujube variety adopts the bud grafting method. The grafting time is in spring, from March to April. The binding is removed 15 to 20 days after grafting, and the buds are removed at the same time.

4. The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the special integrated substrate is prepared by mixing leaf mold, vermiculite, well-rotted sheep manure and water-retaining agent in a mass ratio of 3:1:2:0.5 to obtain the total substrate, and then adding rooting powder at 0.1~0.2% of the total substrate mass.

5. The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S2, the first dwarfing treatment includes pinching off the terminal bud when the seedling height is 30-35cm and spraying with a paclobutrazol solution with a concentration of 500-800mg / L once.

6. The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, topdressing is applied once each at 30 days, 60 days and 90 days after emergence, with an application rate of 5-6 kg per mu. The fertilizer is obtained by mixing urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

7. The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4, the fruit-promoting and high-yield solution is obtained by mixing a 20 mg / L gibberellin solution and a 0.2% borax solution at a volume ratio of 1:

1.

8. The integrated cultivation method for dwarfing seedlings and planting of jujube trees according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S4: Regularly regulate drip irrigation as follows: During the germination stage, maintain soil moisture at 60-65% and water every 7-10 days; during the pre-flowering stage, maintain moisture at 55-60% and water lightly every 5-7 days; during the young fruit and fruit expansion stages, maintain moisture at 65-70% and water every 5-7 days; during the post-harvest stage, maintain moisture at 60-65% and water every 10-15 days; during the winter dormancy period, water every 15-20 days or as needed for frost protection. Regular topdressing is as follows: Topdressing during the growing season is done 5 times a year, at the budding stage, pre-flowering stage, young fruit stage, fruit expansion stage, and post-harvest stage. Specifically, at the budding stage, 10 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu; at the pre-flowering stage, 8 kg of potassium fertilizer is applied per mu; at the young fruit stage, 12 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu; at the fruit expansion stage, 10 kg of potassium fertilizer is applied per mu; and at the post-harvest stage, 1000 kg of organic fertilizer is applied per mu.

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