Percutaneous kidney lithotripsy surgery endoscope and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a percutaneous kidney lithotripsy surgery endoscope and a using method thereof. The percutaneous kidney lithotripsy surgery endoscope comprises an electronic endoscope, an endoscope sheath assembly, a guide wire and a puncture needle. The electronic endoscope and the puncture needle are both internally provided with instrument channels allowing the guide wire to penetrate through, and the electronic endoscope is provided with a two-way valve assembly matched with the guide wire to achieve two-way sealing. The two-way valve assembly comprises a two-way valve plate, the two sides of the two-way valve plate are locally sunken towards the middle to form an upper pressing face and a lower pressing face, and a sealing gap for a guide wire to penetrate through is formed between the two pressing faces. Reliable two-way sealing of the whole penetrating, staying and operating process of the guide wire is achieved, leakage of expanded cavity liquid and entering of external air can be effectively prevented, the working pressure in the kidney is stably maintained, the clear operation view is guaranteed, complications such as postoperative infection and perirenal liquid exosmosis are reduced, smooth operation of the guide wire is not hindered, the operation safety and controllability are improved, and the operation efficiency is improved. The structure is reasonable and practicability is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, specifically to a percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope and its method of use. Background Technology

[0002] Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a commonly used minimally invasive surgical method for treating kidney stones. During the procedure, a percutaneous channel is established to observe and remove the stones through an endoscope. The standard procedure involves guiding a guide wire through the endoscopic instrument channel; however, ensuring a proper seal between the guide wire and the instrument channel remains a clinical challenge.

[0003] Current percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureteroscopy typically use sealing caps or one-way valves to seal the instrument channel. For example, a sealing cap made of silicone or plastic is placed over the end of the scope, with a small hole for the guidewire to pass through. However, this structure has significant drawbacks: during the procedure, the guidewire needs to be repeatedly pulled and adjusted, and gaps can easily form between the sealing cap and the guidewire, causing the irrigation fluid (dendritic expansion fluid) to splash outwards from these gaps. More seriously, when the pressure inside the renal pelvis increases (such as during high-pressure irrigation), the one-way valve is prone to deforming outwards, significantly increasing the risk of seal failure. Fluid leakage not only obscures the surgical field and makes the procedure difficult, but may also lead to infection risks for medical staff and complications such as perirenal extravasation and ascites in patients.

[0004] To improve sealing performance, some existing technologies employ internal latex valves or elastic sealing flaps, utilizing the material's elasticity to reduce fluid leakage. However, these structures are typically modular and costly, and their sealing effectiveness depends on the material's elastic deformation capacity. During guidewire withdrawal, the sealing components are prone to backward deformation, leading to seal failure. Furthermore, most existing sealing structures are unidirectional seals, only preventing fluid leakage from the instrument channel to the outside. However, during guidewire insertion or withdrawal, air can easily enter the cavity from the outside, affecting kidney expansion and the surgical field of view.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need for a device that can achieve a reliable bidirectional seal when the guidewire passes through the instrument channel, which can effectively prevent the expansion fluid from leaking out and prevent air from entering, while allowing the guidewire to pass smoothly and not easily deformed or fail, so as to reduce the risk of surgical complications and improve surgical safety. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is: a percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope, comprising an electronic endoscope, an endoscope sheath assembly, a guidewire, and a puncture needle; The electronic endoscope and puncture needle are provided with an instrument channel for the guidewire to pass through, and the electronic endoscope is provided with a bidirectional valve assembly that provides bidirectional sealing with the guidewire. The bidirectional valve assembly includes a bidirectional valve plate, which has an upper pressing surface and a lower pressing surface recessed towards the center on both sides, and a sealing gap is formed between the upper pressing surface and the lower pressing surface for the guide wire to pass through.

[0008] Furthermore, the electronic endoscope includes an insertion part, a scope body connected to one end of the insertion part, and a handle connected to the scope body. The instrument channel is arranged to extend along the length of the electronic endoscope, and the bidirectional valve assembly is disposed on the end of the scope body away from the insertion part.

[0009] Furthermore, the bidirectional valve assembly also includes a rubber cap, a connector, and a locking cap. One end of the locking cap is connected to the connector, and the other end is threaded to the endpiece. The connector is provided with a guide wire through hole coaxial with the instrument channel.

[0010] Furthermore, a connecting cavity is provided on the instrument channel end of the endpiece away from the insertion part. The rubber cap is fitted into the connector. A concave ring is provided on one side of the rubber cap. A convex ring is provided on one end of the bidirectional valve plate to be adapted and connected to the concave ring, and a convex part is provided on the other end to be interference-fitted with the inner wall of the connecting cavity.

[0011] Furthermore, the cap has a sealing hole in the middle for sealing with the guide wire.

[0012] Furthermore, the insertion part includes an inner tube, an outer tube fitted outside the inner tube, a head cover fitted on the end of the inner tube, a ring fitted between the head cover and the inner tube, an image sensor disposed within the ring, a sensing unit disposed within the mounting groove of the ring, and a beam guide disposed on the ring. The bottom of the inlay ring is provided with a support bottom surface that fits against the upper end face of the inner tube. The support bottom surface is provided with a slot for embedding the image sensor. The top of the inlay ring is provided with a pressing plane that presses against the upper end of the image sensor. The sensing unit includes at least a pressure sensing unit and a temperature sensing unit, which are used to monitor the intrarenal pressure and the temperature of the distended fluid in real time, respectively.

[0013] Furthermore, the handle is equipped with a control board containing an angle sensor; The angle sensor calculates the rotation angle of the insertion part and adjusts the display position of the image sensor in real time to ensure that the surgical operation direction is consistent with the image display direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the puncture needle is used to establish an initial channel through percutaneous puncture; the endoscope sheath assembly is used to expand along the initial channel to form a working channel; the guide wire is used to guide the electronic endoscope through the working channel established by the endoscope sheath assembly into the kidney, and the electronic endoscope uses its visualization function for real-time observation.

[0015] Furthermore, the sheath assembly includes a sheath, a pore closer at one end of the sheath, a sealing cap at the other end of the sheath, a negative pressure suction channel and a negative pressure adjustment knob disposed on the sheath, and a guide wire passage channel is provided inside the sheath.

[0016] This application also provides a method of using a percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope, which includes the following steps: S1. Channel establishment steps: Establish a working channel from the outside to the target area inside the body, and insert the guidewire through the working channel; S2. Endoscopic guidance step: Insert the end of the guidewire through the instrument channel at the end of the electronic endoscope, and exit through the bidirectional valve assembly to establish a guidance relationship; S3. Endoscope insertion and orientation steps: The electronic endoscope is inserted through the working channel along the guide wire. During this process, the rotation angle of the insertion part is detected in real time by the angle sensor in the handle, and the image display direction is adjusted accordingly to keep the operation direction consistent with the image direction. S4. Fluid Injection and Monitoring Steps: After removing the guidewire, fluid is injected through the instrument channel of the electronic endoscope, and the fluid pressure and temperature in the target area are monitored in real time by the sensing unit. S5. Surgical instrument operation procedure: Introduce the surgical instrument through the instrument channel.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Achieves true two-way sealing, effectively preventing liquid leakage and air ingress. The bidirectional valve assembly of this invention employs a bidirectional valve plate structure with an upper and lower clamping surface, both of which are recessed towards the center to form a sealing gap. When the guidewire passes through this sealing gap, the upper and lower clamping surfaces simultaneously grip the guidewire from both directions, forming a symmetrical radial clamping force. This structural design ensures that regardless of whether the pressure inside the renal pelvis increases (from the inside out) or there is negative pressure outside (from the outside in), the bidirectional valve plate can maintain a sealed contact due to its structural characteristics. This effectively prevents the expansion fluid from leaking outward from the instrument channel and also prevents external air from entering the renal cavity through the instrument channel, ensuring effective renal expansion and a clear surgical field.

[0018] 2. Stable sealing performance, resistant to repeated pulling and stretching of the guide wire and not easily deformed or failed. Existing unidirectional sealing structures are prone to deformation to one side during repeated guidewire retraction, leading to seal failure. The bidirectional valve plate of this invention, employing a symmetrical concave pressing surface structure, distributes the frictional force generated during guidewire retraction evenly between the two pressing surfaces, resulting in overall force balance and reducing the likelihood of unilateral deformation. Even if the guidewire requires multiple adjustments during surgery, the bidirectional valve plate maintains a stable sealing gap shape, significantly extending the service life of the sealing assembly and reducing the risk of intraoperative seal replacement.

[0019] In addition to the objectives, features, and advantages described above, the present invention has other objectives, features, and advantages. The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic endoscope.

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged diagram of point A in the middle.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the puncture needle.

[0024] Figure 5 This is an exploded view of a two-way valve assembly.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a two-way valve plate.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged diagram of point B in the middle.

[0028] Figure 9 for Figure 7 Enlarged diagram of point C in the middle.

[0029] Figure 10 An exploded view of the end of the insertion part.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the mirror sheath.

[0031] Figure 1-11In the middle section: 1. Electronic endoscope; 2. Guide wire; 3. Puncture needle; 4. Instrument channel; 5. Two-way valve plate; 6. Upper clamping surface; 7. Lower clamping surface; 8. Sealing gap; 9. Insertion part; 10. Endoscope body; 11. Handle; 12. Rubber cap; 13. Connector; 14. Locking cap; 15. Guide wire perforation; 16. Connecting cavity; 17. Concave ring; 18. Convex ring; 19. Protrusion; 20. Sealing hole; 21. Inner tube; 22. Outer tube; 23. Head cover; 24. Inlay ring; 25. Image sensor; 26. Mounting slot; 27. Sensing unit; 28. Beam guide; 29. ​​Support base; 30. Slot; 31. Clamping plane; 32. Angle sensor; 33. Control board; 34. Endoscope sheath; 35. Closer; 36. Sealing cap; 37. Negative pressure suction channel; 38. Negative pressure adjustment knob. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present invention involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0034] This invention provides an endoscope for percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

[0035] In this embodiment, refer to Figure 1-11 The percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope includes an electronic endoscope 1, an endoscope sheath assembly, a guidewire 2, and a puncture needle 3; The electronic endoscope and puncture needle are provided with an instrument channel 4 for the guidewire to pass through, and the electronic endoscope is provided with a bidirectional valve assembly that provides bidirectional sealing with the guidewire. The bidirectional valve assembly includes a bidirectional valve plate 5, which has an upper pressing surface 6 and a lower pressing surface 7 recessed towards the center on both sides, and a sealing gap 8 is formed between the upper pressing surface 6 and the lower pressing surface 7 for the guide wire to pass through.

[0036] In the above technical solution, a through-channel instrument is set inside the electronic endoscope and the puncture needle to provide a dedicated path for the guidewire and avoid interference between the guidewire and other components inside the endoscope; a two-way valve assembly is set inside the electronic endoscope, the core component of which is a two-way dynamic seal during the two-way movement process, which does not hinder the movement of the guidewire, but can also seal the sealing gap and prevent leakage.

[0037] This invention addresses the core pain point of insufficient sealing performance between the traditional endoscopic instrument channel and guidewire, ensuring effective sealing of the instrument channel entrance during guidewire insertion, insertion, and withdrawal. It prevents leakage of the irrigation valve plate, which features a two-way valve plate with concave upper and lower clamping surfaces on both sides. A pre-existing sealing gap, adapted to the guidewire, is provided between the two clamping surfaces. The elastic fit of the clamping surfaces prevents guidewire perforation leakage, maintains stable intrarenal working pressure, and improves the safety and controllability of the procedure. It effectively reduces irrigation fluid (expansion fluid) leakage, avoids waste of medical resources, and prevents irrigation fluid contamination of the surgical area, reducing the risk of postoperative infection.

[0038] Specifically, the electronic endoscope includes an insertion part 9, a scope body 10 connected to one end of the insertion part 9, and a handle 11 connected to the scope body. The instrument channel is arranged through the length of the electronic endoscope, and the bidirectional valve assembly is located on the end of the scope body away from the insertion part.

[0039] In this embodiment, the instrument channel is designed to run through the length of the electronic endoscope, ensuring that the guidewire can pass through one end of the endoscope and exit from the other, achieving smooth guidance throughout the procedure. The insertion part is used to extend into the kidney, and the handle is used for medical personnel to hold and operate the endoscope, improving the ease of operation and ergonomics of the endoscope. The bidirectional valve assembly is placed at a key node near the proximal end of the endoscope to further optimize the sealing effect, specifically sealing the core location of perfusion fluid leakage and enhancing the stability of intrarenal pressure. The bidirectional valve assembly is installed in a reasonable position, which does not affect the insertion part's operation into the kidney, nor does it interfere with the gripping and control of the handle, while also facilitating subsequent component inspection and replacement, extending the service life of the endoscope.

[0040] Specifically, the bidirectional valve assembly also includes a rubber cap 12, a connector 13, and a locking cap 14. One end of the locking cap is connected to the connector, and the other end is threaded to the endoscope body. The connector is provided with a guide wire through hole 15 coaxial with the instrument channel.

[0041] In this embodiment, the bidirectional valve assembly also includes a rubber cap, a connector, and a locking cap. The threaded locking cap design facilitates quick assembly and disassembly of the bidirectional valve assembly, making it convenient for pre- and post-operative instrument disinfection, maintenance, and component replacement, thus improving the operational efficiency of medical staff. The guidewire perforation is coaxially aligned with the instrument channel to ensure that the guidewire does not deviate or get stuck during its passage, reducing friction between the guidewire and the sealing components. This protects both the guidewire and the sealing components, extends their service life, further enhances the dynamic sealing effect, reduces irrigation fluid leakage, and ensures the smooth progress of the surgery.

[0042] Specifically, a connecting cavity 16 is provided on the instrument channel end of the endpiece away from the insertion part. The rubber cap is fitted into the connector. A concave ring 17 is provided on one side of the rubber cap. A convex ring 18 that is adapted to connect with the concave ring is provided on one end of the bidirectional valve plate, and a convex part 19 that is interference-fitted with the inner wall of the connecting cavity is provided on the other end.

[0043] In this embodiment, the positioning of the bidirectional valve plate and the rubber cap is achieved through the adaptive connection of the concave ring and the convex ring, which avoids the bidirectional valve plate from shifting and causing abnormal sealing gap, thus ensuring the stability of the sealing effect. The interference fit between the bidirectional valve plate and the connecting cavity prevents the bidirectional valve plate from loosening or shifting during the guide wire operation, ensuring the continuity and reliability of the dynamic seal and providing double protection for surgical safety.

[0044] Specifically, the cap has a sealing hole 20 in the middle for sealing with the guide wire.

[0045] In this embodiment, a sealing hole is provided in the middle of the cap. The size of the sealing hole is precisely matched with the diameter of the guide wire. When the guide wire passes through the sealing hole, the inner wall of the sealing hole is tightly fitted with the surface of the guide wire, forming a secondary sealing structure. The cap itself has a certain elasticity, and the sealing hole can adapt to the movement of the guide wire. While not hindering the passage of the guide wire, it maintains a continuous sealing fit with the guide wire, forming a double sealing synergy with the sealing gap of the bidirectional valve plate.

[0046] Specifically, the insertion part includes an inner tube 21, an outer tube 22 fitted outside the inner tube 21, a head cover 23 fitted on the end of the inner tube, a ring 24 fitted between the head cover 23 and the inner tube, an image sensor 25 disposed in the ring 24, a sensing unit 27 disposed in the mounting groove 26 of the ring, and a beam guide 28 disposed on the ring. The bottom of the inlay ring is provided with a support bottom surface 29 that fits against the upper end face of the inner tube. The support bottom surface 29 is provided with a slot 30 for embedding the image sensor. The top of the inlay ring is provided with a pressing plane 31 that presses against the upper end of the image sensor. The sensing unit includes at least a pressure sensing unit and a temperature sensing unit, which are used to monitor the intrarenal pressure and the temperature of the distended fluid in real time, respectively.

[0047] In this embodiment, the outer tube effectively protects the inner tube and internal components, preventing damage during surgery and extending the lifespan of the insertion part. The light guide provides ample illumination, further optimizing the surgical field of vision and preventing operational errors caused by poor visibility. The sensing unit enables real-time monitoring of renal intracavitary pressure and swelling fluid temperature. Medical staff can adjust surgical parameters promptly based on the monitoring data, avoiding complications caused by excessively high or low renal pressure or abnormal swelling fluid temperature, thus improving the safety and controllability of the surgery and achieving precise monitoring and operation. The image sensor is positioned and fixed using slotted and clamping planes, making it easy to assemble and disassemble, and its structure is simple.

[0048] Specifically, the handle is equipped with a control board 33 containing an angle sensor 32; The angle sensor calculates the rotation angle of the insertion part and adjusts the display position of the image sensor in real time to ensure that the surgical operation direction is consistent with the image display direction.

[0049] In this embodiment, a control board with an angle sensor is installed on the handle. The angle sensor collects the rotation angle data of the insertion part in real time and transmits the data to the control board. The control board adjusts the display direction of the image transmitted by the image sensor in real time according to the collected rotation angle data, so that the image display direction is consistent with the actual rotation direction of the insertion part, ensuring that the image direction observed by medical staff is synchronized with the surgical operation direction.

[0050] Specifically, the puncture needle is used to establish an initial channel through percutaneous puncture; the endoscope sheath assembly is used to expand along the initial channel to form a working channel; the guide wire is used to guide the electronic endoscope through the working channel established by the endoscope sheath assembly into the kidney, and the electronic endoscope uses its visualization function for real-time observation.

[0051] In this embodiment, the core function of the puncture needle is percutaneous puncture to establish an initial small channel from the skin to the kidney in the patient's waist, providing a basic path for the subsequent insertion of the endoscope sheath assembly.

[0052] The core function of the endoscope sheath assembly is channel expansion and maintenance. Based on the initial channel established by the puncture needle, the endoscope sheath is inserted along this channel. Its larger diameter allows for gradual and controllable expansion of the tissue channel, forming a sufficiently spacious, stable, and reusable working channel. This not only facilitates the insertion and removal of all subsequent instruments but also reduces difficulties in instrument insertion and tissue damage caused by narrow channels or tissue elastic recoil.

[0053] The core function of the guidewire is sequential guidance. After a stable working channel is established in the endoscope sheath assembly, the guidewire is first inserted into the kidney through the channel inside the sheath, providing a precise guiding path for the entry of the electronic endoscope. The electronic endoscope then follows this guidewire and must enter the kidney through the working channel formed by the sheath, thus ensuring that its path of travel is completely consistent with the predetermined channel and avoiding deviation.

[0054] Once the electronic endoscope is inserted into the kidney, its image sensor at the tip immediately provides real-time video images, enabling visual observation and precise positioning. After positioning is complete, the guidewire can be removed to create space for injecting irrigation fluid or introducing surgical instruments.

[0055] Specifically, the sheath assembly includes a sheath, a pore closer at one end of the sheath, a sealing cap at the other end of the sheath, a negative pressure suction channel and a negative pressure adjustment knob disposed on the sheath, and a guide wire passage channel is provided inside the sheath.

[0056] In this embodiment, the obturator is placed inside the endoscope sheath when it is inserted into the tissue. Its main function is to close the opening at the front end of the endoscope sheath, forming a smooth, blunt tip, so as to push the tissue away during insertion, reduce damage, and prevent the tissue from blocking the inner cavity of the endoscope sheath.

[0057] Negative pressure suction channel and adjustment knob: This is an independent channel set in the wall of the endoscope sheath, running parallel to or integrated with the main channel inside the sheath (i.e., the "guidewire channel"). Its function is to connect to the negative pressure suction source during surgery to aspirate blood, small stone fragments, or irrigation fluid generated during lithotripsy, in order to maintain a clear field of vision. The negative pressure adjustment knob is used to control the suction level in real time.

[0058] This application also provides a method of using a percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope, which includes the following steps: S1. Channel establishment steps: Establish a working channel from the outside to the target area inside the body, and insert the guidewire through the working channel; S2. Endoscopic guidance step: Insert the end of the guidewire through the instrument channel at the end of the electronic endoscope, and exit through the bidirectional valve assembly to establish a guidance relationship; S3. Endoscope insertion and orientation steps: The electronic endoscope is inserted through the working channel along the guide wire. During this process, the rotation angle of the insertion part is detected in real time by the angle sensor in the handle, and the image display direction is adjusted accordingly to keep the operation direction consistent with the image direction. S4. Fluid Injection and Monitoring Steps: After removing the guidewire, fluid is injected through the instrument channel of the electronic endoscope, and the fluid pressure and temperature in the target area are monitored in real time by the sensing unit. S5. Surgical instrument operation procedure: Introduce the surgical instrument through the instrument channel.

[0059] In this embodiment: S1. Channel establishment steps: Establish a working channel from outside the body to the target area inside the body, and insert the guidewire through the working channel.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, this step is performed using the sheath assembly. Specifically: First, an initial needle path is established percutaneously using a puncture needle, leading to the target area of ​​the kidney (such as the renal pelvis or calyces). Then, the puncture needle is withdrawn, and the sheath of the endoscope assembly is inserted along this needle path. The outer diameter of the sheath is larger than the puncture needle, allowing for gradual expansion of the tissue channel to form a sufficiently wide and stable working channel. Next, a guidewire is inserted through the guidewire channel inside the sheath, ensuring its tip reaches the target area. This process can be aided by external imaging techniques such as X-ray fluoroscopy for precise localization.

[0061] S2. Endoscopic guidance step: Insert the end of the guidewire through the instrument channel at the end of the electronic endoscope, and exit through the bidirectional valve assembly to establish a guidance relationship.

[0062] Holding the handle of the electronic endoscope, insert the exposed end of the guidewire into the instrument channel at the tip of the endoscope insertion section. The guidewire continues to travel backward, passing through the instrument channel of the endoscope, and finally exits from the center of the bidirectional valve assembly located proximal to the endoscope body. During this process, the guidewire expands the bidirectional valve plate of the bidirectional valve assembly, allowing the sealing gap formed between the upper and lower clamping surfaces to adapt to the guidewire diameter, achieving a dynamic seal and effectively preventing fluid leakage from the proximal end of the instrument channel.

[0063] S3. Endoscope insertion and orientation steps: The electronic endoscope is inserted through the working channel along the guide wire. During this process, the rotation angle of the insertion part is detected in real time by the angle sensor in the handle, and the image display direction is adjusted accordingly to keep the operation direction consistent with the image direction.

[0064] The electronic endoscope, already fitted onto the guidewire, is slid along the guidewire, allowing its insertion section to pass sequentially through the sheath assembly and into the body via the working channel until its tip reaches near the target area. During the entire process of advancement and positioning, the insertion section of the endoscope may rotate. At this time, an angle sensor on the control panel within the handle detects this rotation angle in real time and transmits the signal to the image processing system. This system performs real-time reverse rotation compensation on the image captured by the image sensor, ensuring that the image orientation displayed on the monitor remains stable and consistent with the operator's spatial perception, preventing disorientation.

[0065] S4. Fluid Injection and Monitoring Steps: After removing the guidewire, fluid is injected through the instrument channel of the electronic endoscope, and the fluid pressure and temperature in the target area are monitored in real time by the sensing unit.

[0066] Once the endoscope tip reaches the ideal viewing position, the guidewire is slowly withdrawn. After withdrawal, the bidirectional valve returns to its original closed position due to its own elasticity, resealing the instrument channel. Subsequently, a distending fluid (such as saline) is injected into the target area of ​​the kidney through the instrument channel to expand the operating space. During this process, the sensing unit integrated into the insert tip ring begins to operate. Its pressure sensing unit monitors the intrarenal cavity pressure in real time, and its temperature sensing unit monitors the temperature of the distending fluid in real time. The monitoring data is displayed on the monitor in real time. When the pressure or temperature exceeds the safety threshold, the system issues an alert, reminding the operator to stop the injection or perform flushing and cooling to protect the tissue.

[0067] S5. Surgical instrument operation procedure: Introduce the surgical instrument through the instrument channel.

[0068] Under clear visibility and with safe pressure and temperature monitoring, surgical instruments such as laser fibers are inserted through the instrument channel. As the instruments pass through the two-way valve assembly, the valve plate is reopened to achieve a seal. The operator can then directly control the laser fiber to break up the stones. During the lithotripsy process, the sensing unit continuously monitors the pressure and temperature to ensure surgical safety.

[0069] In summary, this method of use, through a series of orderly steps, fully applies all the core innovations of the endoscopic system of this invention: establishing a stable channel using the sheath assembly, achieving dynamic sealing throughout the operation using the bidirectional valve assembly, maintaining image orientation stability using an angle sensor, and achieving real-time safety monitoring of key physiological parameters (pressure, temperature) using a sensing unit. This method fully demonstrates the comprehensive technical effectiveness of the system of this invention in improving surgical safety, convenience, and accuracy.

[0070] Please note to all technical personnel: Although the present invention has been described according to the specific embodiments above, the ideas of the present invention are not limited to this invention. Any modifications that utilize the ideas of the present invention will be included within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. An endoscope for percutaneous nephrolithotomy, characterized in that: Includes electronic endoscopes, endoscope sheath assemblies, guidewires, and puncture needles; The electronic endoscope and puncture needle are provided with an instrument channel for the guidewire to pass through, and the electronic endoscope is provided with a bidirectional valve assembly that provides bidirectional sealing with the guidewire. The bidirectional valve assembly includes a bidirectional valve plate, which has an upper pressing surface and a lower pressing surface recessed towards the center on both sides, and a sealing gap is formed between the upper pressing surface and the lower pressing surface for the guide wire to pass through.

2. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic endoscope includes an insertion part, a scope body connected to one end of the insertion part, and a handle connected to the scope body. The instrument channel is arranged to extend along the length of the electronic endoscope, and the bidirectional valve assembly is located on the end of the scope body away from the insertion part.

3. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bidirectional valve assembly also includes a rubber cap, a connector, and a locking cap. One end of the locking cap is connected to the connector, and the other end is threaded to the endpiece. The connector is provided with a guide wire through hole coaxial with the instrument channel.

4. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end of the endpiece away from the insertion part of the instrument channel is provided with a connecting cavity. The rubber cap is fitted into the connector. A concave ring is provided on one side of the rubber cap. A convex ring is provided on one end of the bidirectional valve plate to be adapted and connected to the concave ring, and a convex part is provided on the other end to be interference-fitted with the inner wall of the connecting cavity.

5. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cap has a sealing hole in the middle for sealing with the guide wire.

6. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope according to claim 4, characterized in that: The insertion part includes an inner tube, an outer tube fitted outside the inner tube, a head cover fitted on the end of the inner tube, a ring fitted between the head cover and the inner tube, an image sensor disposed within the ring, a sensing unit disposed within the mounting groove of the ring, and a beam guide disposed on the ring. The bottom of the inlay ring is provided with a support bottom surface that fits against the upper end face of the inner tube. The support bottom surface is provided with a slot for embedding the image sensor. The top of the inlay ring is provided with a pressing plane that presses against the upper end of the image sensor. The sensing unit includes at least a pressure sensing unit and a temperature sensing unit, which are used to monitor the intrarenal pressure and the temperature of the distended fluid in real time, respectively.

7. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope according to claim 4, characterized in that: The handle is equipped with a control board containing an angle sensor; The angle sensor calculates the rotation angle of the insertion part and adjusts the display position of the image sensor in real time to ensure that the surgical operation direction is consistent with the image display direction.

8. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The puncture needle is used to establish an initial channel through percutaneous puncture; the endoscope sheath assembly is used to expand along the initial channel to form a working channel; the guide wire is used to guide the electronic endoscope through the working channel established by the endoscope sheath assembly into the kidney, and the electronic endoscope uses its visualization function for real-time observation.

9. The percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sheath assembly includes a sheath, a pore closer at one end of the sheath, a sealing cap at the other end of the sheath, a negative pressure suction channel and a negative pressure adjustment knob disposed on the sheath, and a guide wire passage channel is provided inside the sheath.

10. A method of using an endoscope for percutaneous nephrolithotomy, characterized in that, Using the percutaneous nephrolithotomy endoscope according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the procedure includes the following steps: S1. Channel establishment steps: Establish a working channel from the outside to the target area inside the body, and insert the guidewire through the working channel; S2. Endoscopic guidance step: Insert the end of the guidewire through the instrument channel at the end of the electronic endoscope, and exit through the bidirectional valve assembly to establish a guidance relationship; S3. Endoscope insertion and orientation steps: The electronic endoscope is inserted through the working channel along the guide wire. During this process, the rotation angle of the insertion part is detected in real time by the angle sensor in the handle, and the image display direction is adjusted accordingly to keep the operation direction consistent with the image direction. S4. Fluid Injection and Monitoring Steps: After removing the guidewire, fluid is injected through the instrument channel of the electronic endoscope, and the fluid pressure and temperature in the target area are monitored in real time by the sensing unit. S5. Surgical instrument operation procedure: Introduce the surgical instrument through the instrument channel.

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