Automatic external defibrillator, control method thereof, control device, electronic equipment, computer medium and product

Abstract

The invention provides a control method of an automatic external defibrillator. The control method comprises the following steps: carrying out heart rhythm analysis on a patient; when it is determined that the state of the patient meets a first condition or a switching instruction of a user exists on the basis of heart rhythm analysis, the automatic external defibrillator enters the first working mode, and in the first working mode, the automatic external defibrillator executes a rescue process including an alternate heart rhythm analysis stage and a cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompting stage; when the result based on the heart rhythm analysis meets a second condition, controlling the automatic external defibrillator to be switched to a second working mode when the user confirms the operation instruction or determines that the state of the patient meets the set state; in the second working mode, the automatic external defibrillator is controlled to stop cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt, and heart rhythm analysis is continuously executed; judging whether a switching condition is met or not, wherein the switching condition comprises whether the state of the patient meets the first condition or whether a switching instruction of the user exists or not recognized through continuous heart rhythm analysis in the second working mode.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of automated external defibrillators (AEDs), and particularly to an AED and its control method, self-control device, electronic device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product. Background Technology

[0002] Automated external defibrillators (AEDs), as a crucial public emergency medical device, are designed to provide timely defibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidance for patients experiencing cardiac arrest. Currently, mainstream AED products generally employ a standardized, pre-programmed rescue procedure. This procedure is typically embedded in the device's logic, following a fixed cycle of "heart rate analysis - defibrillation (if needed) - CPR compressions," where the CPR phase has a preset, uninterrupted duration (e.g., approximately two minutes).

[0003] While this fixed procedure is designed to standardize rescue operations, its adaptability becomes apparent during the dynamic process of actual emergency care, especially when the patient's physiological state changes. For example, after a patient regains spontaneous circulation following initial treatment, their clinical needs shift from aggressive chest compressions to continuous resting monitoring. However, traditional AEDs cannot detect this change in state or pre-existing chest wounds, and will still mechanically output CPR prompts, causing ineffective interference or even worsening the injury. More importantly, even if the patient's heart rhythm deteriorates again to a shockable state during CPR compressions, the fixed procedure prevents the device from immediately interrupting compressions for rhythm analysis and defibrillation preparation. It must wait for the current CPR phase (typically set to about 2 minutes) to end, thus delaying precious rescue time (the golden four minutes). Therefore, how to make the working logic of AEDs flexibly adapt to the real-time changes in the patient's status and condition during the resuscitation process, avoid interference and potential damage caused by invalid prompts, and ensure the ability to respond to repeated relapses in condition, especially when the patient has recovered spontaneous circulation after one or more defibrillation rescues and no longer needs to perform CPR, but still needs to continuously monitor the patient's heart rhythm, and how to prevent repeated deterioration of heart rhythm is an urgent problem to be solved in the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The first aspect of this application provides a control method for an automated external defibrillator (AED), the method comprising: performing cardiac rhythm analysis on a patient during the operation of the AED; controlling the AED to maintain in a first operating mode, or controlling the AED to enter the first operating mode when the patient's condition is determined to meet a first condition based on the cardiac rhythm analysis or when a user's switching command is present, wherein, in the first operating mode, the AED executes a rescue process including an alternating cardiac rhythm analysis phase and a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt phase; when the result of the cardiac rhythm analysis meets the second condition, controlling the AED to switch to a second operating mode upon user confirmation or determination that the patient's condition meets a set condition; in the second operating mode, controlling the AED to stop the CPR prompt and continue performing cardiac rhythm analysis; determining whether a switching condition is met, the switching condition including identifying whether the patient's condition meets the first condition or whether a user's switching command is present through continuous cardiac rhythm analysis in the second operating mode.

[0005] In the above solution, by dynamically switching between the first working mode and the second working mode based on the patient's real-time physiological state, the technical problem that traditional AEDs cannot adapt to changes in patient status or patient conditions due to fixed procedures is solved.

[0006] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the step of controlling the automated external defibrillator (AED) to switch to a second operating mode when the result of heart rhythm analysis meets the second condition, upon user confirmation or confirmation that the patient's condition meets the set condition, may include: when the AED is in the first operating mode and a preset enable condition is detected, entering command reception preparation; receiving a user-input confirmation command; and, in response to the confirmation command, performing a switch from the first operating mode to the second operating mode. Thus, by introducing a mode switching mechanism based on enable condition judgment, the reliability and safety of the mode switching operation are improved.

[0007] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the enabling conditions described above may include: the patient is currently in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt phase within a first operating mode, and a preset heart rate analysis result indicates that the patient's heart rhythm is a non-CPR intervention heart rate type. The preset heart rate analysis result is one or a combination of at least the most recent heart rate analysis result, the current heart rate analysis result, and heart rate analysis results within the most recent preset time period. This limits the enabling conditions for triggering mode switching guidance, ensuring that discussions of mode switching only occur at clinically logically reasonable times.

[0008] For example, the heart rhythm types for cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention include heart rhythm types that meet the criteria for defibrillation, cardiac arrest, and extreme bradycardia with a heart rate below a preset threshold. Heart rhythm types that meet the criteria for defibrillation include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). Correspondingly, the heart rhythm types not for cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention need to exclude the heart rate types listed above.

[0009] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the step of entering command reception preparation when the automated external defibrillator is in a first operating mode and a preset enable condition is detected may include: generating and outputting a mode switching prompt message guiding the user to confirm; the step of receiving a confirmation operation command input by the user in response to the mode switching prompt message may include: receiving the confirmation operation command input by the user in response to the mode switching prompt message. Thus, by introducing a human-computer interaction confirmation process based on enable condition judgment to trigger mode switching, the reliability and security of mode switching operations are improved.

[0010] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the output mode switching prompt information includes: outputting a voice broadcast indicating that the patient has regained spontaneous circulation; the automated external defibrillator includes an indicator light, wherein the mode switching prompt information further includes: controlling the indicator light to flash while outputting the voice broadcast. Thus, by outputting the switching prompt through a combination of voice broadcast and visual indication, the user is guided to confirm their status in a clear and multimodal manner, ensuring that the prompt information can be effectively perceived.

[0011] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the user confirmation operation instruction in the step of receiving the confirmation operation instruction input by the user in response to the mode switching prompt information refers to receiving at least one specific operation on the function key on the automated external defibrillator within a preset time window after entering the instruction receiving preparation, so as to prevent accidental or accidental confirmation.

[0012] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the specific operation is once, and includes: pressing a function button for a first predetermined duration.

[0013] In another specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the specific operation is performed at least twice consecutively, and includes: firstly, pressing and holding a function button for a first predetermined duration; then, pressing the same function button again for a third predetermined duration within a second predetermined duration. For example, further, the first predetermined duration is greater than or equal to the third predetermined duration. Thus, by using two pressing actions that require a certain duration, the security of operation confirmation is further improved.

[0014] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the step of performing cardiac rhythm analysis on a patient during the operation of an automated external defibrillator (AED) may include: simultaneously acquiring the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and a reference signal related to chest compressions; employing an adaptive filtering algorithm to filter the ECG signal in real time using the reference signal to suppress or eliminate interference noise introduced by the compressions; and performing cardiac rhythm analysis based on the filtered ECG signal. Thus, by introducing adaptive filtering based on the reference signal during the CPR phase, the serious interference problem of chest compressions on the ECG signal is solved, thereby achieving the ability to continuously and reliably perform cardiac rhythm analysis during CPR.

[0015] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the reference signal includes a chest impedance change signal measured by the electrode pads of the automated external defibrillator. Thus, this embodiment utilizes the chest impedance change obtainable directly from the electrode pads as a reference signal, effectively characterizing compression interference without the need for additional sensors, making it an economical and practical implementation.

[0016] In another specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the reference signal includes: acceleration sensor data characterizing the compression action acquired through an external or built-in cardiopulmonary resuscitation feedback device, and calculated compression frequency and / or compression depth information. Thus, by using multi-dimensional kinematic data such as acceleration and depth from the CPR feedback device as a reference signal, a more accurate characterization of compression interference can be provided, further improving the quality of filtering and heart rhythm analysis.

[0017] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the step of performing heart rhythm analysis on a patient during the operation of an automated external defibrillator (AED) may further include: if the current heart rhythm, based on real-time analysis of the filtered electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, is a shockable rhythm, then immediately interrupting the current cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt; and controlling the AED to switch to the heart rhythm analysis phase to prepare for and execute defibrillation. Thus, by utilizing real-time heart rhythm analysis capabilities during CPR, upon identifying a clearly shockable rhythm, CPR can be immediately interrupted and defibrillation initiated, overcoming the limitations of fixed-cycle treatment response.

[0018] In another specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the step of performing heart rhythm analysis on a patient during the operation of an automated external defibrillator further includes: if the current heart rhythm based on real-time analysis of the filtered electrocardiogram signal is a shock-insensitive rhythm, continuing the current cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt.

[0019] In another specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the step of performing heart rhythm analysis on a patient during the operation of an automated external defibrillator (AED) further includes: if the current heart rhythm analyzed in real time based on the filtered electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is an indeterminate heart rate, then immediately interrupting the current cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt; continuing to perform heart rate analysis on the patient, and determining whether the current heart rate is a shockable heart rate based on the ECG signal; wherein, if it is determined to be a shockable heart rate, immediately interrupting the current CPR prompt, and controlling the AED to switch to the heart rhythm analysis phase to prepare for and perform defibrillation; if it is determined to be an unshockable heart rate, continuing the current CPR prompt.

[0020] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the step of performing cardiac rhythm analysis on a patient during the operation of an automated external defibrillator (AED) may further include: counting the defibrillation operations after the AED switches to the cardiac rhythm analysis phase and performs defibrillation; and stopping the defibrillation operation after the number of continuous defibrillations exceeds a preset number. Thus, by setting an upper limit on the number of defibrillations triggered by real-time analysis within a single CPR cycle, a safety constraint mechanism can be established to prevent the sacrifice of necessary chest compression time due to excessively frequent interruptions in shocks.

[0021] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the step of controlling the automated external defibrillator to stop cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompts and continue performing heart rhythm analysis in the second operating mode may include: when the continuously performed heart rhythm analysis result is a non-shockable rhythm, periodically outputting device status prompt information to the user at preset time intervals. Thus, by periodically outputting status prompts in monitoring mode, while maintaining a relatively quiet environment, the device's operating status and the patient's heart rhythm overview are fed back to the user, maintaining necessary human-machine interaction.

[0022] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the step of controlling the automated external defibrillator (AED) to stop the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt and continue performing heart rhythm analysis in the second operating mode may further include: responding to a user command received through the manual operation interface, controlling the AED to forcibly switch back from the second operating mode to the first operating mode. This allows rescuers to proactively restart the rescue process at any time in monitoring mode, ensuring ultimate control and operational flexibility in emergency situations.

[0023] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the patient status information includes ROSC status information indicating that the patient has resumed spontaneous circulation. The ROSC status information is acquired by: receiving ROSC status information from an automated external defibrillator (AED); or, receiving a signal from an external physiological parameter monitoring device communicatively connected to the AED, and generating ROSC status information based on the signal. The external physiological parameter monitoring device includes a blood pressure monitor, an end-tidal carbon dioxide monitor, a pulse oximeter, and other monitoring equipment. Thus, by introducing communication with external professional monitoring equipment, more objective and multidimensional physiological parameters are obtained as the basis for ROSC judgment, improving the automation and accuracy of mode switching decisions.

[0024] In another specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the patient status information includes ROSC status information indicating the patient has resumed spontaneous circulation. The ROSC status information is acquired by receiving a signal generated by a circulation recovery sign detection module integrated into the automated external defibrillator (AED) body, and generating ROSC status information based on the signal. The circulation recovery sign detection module includes a pulse sensor and a perfusion index detection module. Thus, by integrating pulse and perfusion index detection modules into the AED body, an integrated ROSC-assisted judgment capability is achieved, enhancing the device's independence and functional completeness.

[0025] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the second operating mode is an operating mode activated after the automated external defibrillator has completed at least one defibrillation operation. The step of controlling the automated external defibrillator to switch to the second operating mode when the result of the heart rhythm analysis meets the second condition, upon user confirmation of operation or confirmation that the patient's condition meets the set condition, may include: a manual triggering operation performed by the rescuer on the automated external defibrillator after confirming that the patient has regained spontaneous circulation.

[0026] Specifically, this solution provides a highly clinically relevant application example of the aforementioned general mode-switching method. For instance, in one scenario, a patient experiences cardiac arrest and, after at least one defibrillation attempt using an AED, is assessed by the rescuer (possibly a professional arriving at the scene) as having likely regained spontaneous circulation (ROSC). At this point, although the patient has a heartbeat, they remain in a high-risk state and are at risk of recurrent ventricular fibrillation. Traditional AEDs either continue playing CPR prompts, creating interference, or are shut down. This solution defines a procedure specifically for this stage: after confirming ROSC, the rescuer performs a specific "manual trigger operation" on the AED (such as the aforementioned long-press combination) to actively command the device to enter a second operating mode—a "continuous monitoring mode" specifically designed for patients after ROSC. In this mode, the device remains silent but continuously analyzes the heart rhythm, thus playing a role similar to clinical monitoring, specifically targeting any potential recurrence of ventricular fibrillation / tachycardia and preparing for immediate intervention.

[0027] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the manual triggering operation includes a long press followed by a short press on the same function button on the automated external defibrillator. This defines a specific and safe human-machine interaction sequence for entering the ROSC monitoring mode, making it easy for rescuers to remember and execute.

[0028] Specifically, in the scenario of "professional manual monitoring after ROSC," a clear and accidental operation is needed to activate this function. This solution specifies a compound operation of "long press followed by short press." The long press typically needs to last for a certain period (e.g., 3 seconds), which itself serves as a filter to prevent accidental touches and provides the user with confirmation of their intention. Immediately following the long press is a short press as the final confirmation of activation. This operation sequence is concise (involving only one button) but has a clear rhythm and intent, making it easy for rescuers to master through training. It differs from conventional rescue process controls and is distinct from device power on / off; it is a dedicated command designed for this specific scenario. This specific operation definition makes the technical solution described in this embodiment clearer and more complete at the implementation level, providing a clear basis for human-computer interaction design.

[0029] In another specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the automated external defibrillator (AED) is configured in association with a sudden cardiac death risk warning device. The control method may further include: before controlling the AED to switch to a second operating mode, in response to receiving a warning signal from the warning device, automatically controlling the AED. For example, after the AED is automatically controlled, it is allowed to enter and remain in the second operating mode. In this way, the continuous monitoring mode of the AED is linked with the cardiac risk warning system, constructing an active protection closed loop from risk prediction and warning to device pre-setup and immediate defibrillation.

[0030] Specifically, the automated external defibrillator (AED) of this application can be upgraded from the traditional "emergency response" mode to an "active protection" system for high-risk groups of sudden cardiac death. This system comprises two core components: first, a sudden cardiac death risk warning device (such as an implantable cycle recorder or wearable ECG monitor) for long-term monitoring and identification of high-risk rhythms; and second, a portable AED supporting continuous monitoring mode. When the warning device detects a precursor to a malignant arrhythmia or an extremely high-risk condition that may develop into ventricular fibrillation, it sends a warning signal to the associated portable AED via a wireless network. Upon receiving this signal, the AED does not initiate the traditional rescue procedure with CPR prompts (because the patient may not yet have experienced cardiac arrest), but automatically enters and maintains a second operating mode (continuous monitoring mode). In this mode, the AED continuously analyzes the patient's heart rhythm through electrode pads while remaining silent and not interfering with the user. Once the warning becomes a reality—that is, the patient actually experiences ventricular fibrillation—the AED in monitoring mode can identify and immediately perform defibrillation with minimal delay (without the initial analysis-CPR cycle). This achieves a seamless transition from "early warning" to "immediate defibrillation," greatly shortening the time from the onset of illness to the first electric shock.

[0031] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the first condition characterizes the type of heart rhythm requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) intervention identified by the heart rhythm analysis. The type of heart rhythm requiring CPR intervention includes at least one of the following: heart rhythms meeting the criteria for defibrillation, cardiac arrest, and extreme bradycardia with a heart rate below a preset threshold. The heart rhythms meeting the criteria for defibrillation include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). For example, the preset threshold includes 30 bpm or 40 bpm. Thus, the specific malignant heart rhythm types covered by the "first condition" for triggering or maintaining the first operating mode are clearly defined, ensuring that the device's decision logic is closely aligned with clinical guidelines.

[0032] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the second condition indicates that the automated external defibrillator is in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt stage of the first operating mode and the patient is in a state of non-shockable rhythm; the state of non-shockable rhythm includes: obtaining a mode switching confirmation command input by the user; and / or obtaining physiological parameter signals from an external physiological monitoring device communicatively connected to the automated external defibrillator, which characterize the patient's circulatory recovery.

[0033] In one specific embodiment of the first aspect of this application, the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompts in the rescue process include providing beat-like sounds that conform to standard first aid guidelines to guide rescuers in performing chest compressions.

[0034] Specifically, in the first operating mode (standard rescue mode), when the device enters the CPR prompt phase, one of its core tasks is to guide both non-professional and professional rescuers to perform chest compressions at the correct rate and rhythm. To this end, the device emits a rhythmic sound conforming to current international CPR guidelines (such as the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines) through its audio output unit. This rhythmic sound is typically a regular "beep-beep-beep" sound, the frequency of which corresponds to the required compression rate (e.g., 100-120 compressions per minute). Simultaneously, it may be accompanied by voice prompts such as "Start compressions," "Press hard, press fast," or a demonstration via on-screen animation. Therefore, it is clear that the AED involved in this application, in its first operating mode, behaves entirely in accordance with existing authoritative emergency medical protocols. Furthermore, the unusual design adds the ability to intelligently switch to another operating mode based on the patient's condition, rather than altering the standard procedure itself.

[0035] A second aspect of this application provides a control device for an automated external defibrillator (AED), comprising an analysis module, a first control module, a first switching module, a second control module, and a second switching module. The analysis module is configured to perform cardiac rhythm analysis on a patient during AED operation. The first control module is configured to maintain the AED in a first operating mode, or to control the AED to enter the first operating mode when the cardiac rhythm analysis determines that the patient's condition meets a first condition or when a user's switching command is present. In the first operating mode, the AED executes a rescue process including alternating cardiac rhythm analysis and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt phases. The first switching module is configured to switch the AED to a second operating mode when the cardiac rhythm analysis result meets a second condition, upon user confirmation or confirmation that the patient's condition meets a set condition. The second control module is configured to stop CPR prompts and continue cardiac rhythm analysis in the second operating mode. The second switching module is configured to determine whether switching conditions are met, including identifying whether the patient's condition meets the first condition or whether a user's switching command is present through continuous cardiac rhythm analysis in the second operating mode. This control device solves the technical problem that traditional AEDs cannot adapt to changes in patient status or condition due to fixed procedures by dynamically switching between the first and second working modes based on the patient's real-time physiological state.

[0036] A third aspect of this application provides an automated external defibrillator (AED), which includes electrode pads, a defibrillation circuit, a prompting unit, and a control device. The electrode pads are used to acquire the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, the defibrillation circuit is used to generate and apply an electric shock, the prompting unit is used to output cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidance information, and the control device is electrically connected to the electrode pads, the defibrillation circuit, and the prompting unit.

[0037] A fourth aspect of this application provides an electronic device including a processor and a memory, the memory being used to store processor-executable instructions, and the processor being used to execute the control method described in the first aspect above.

[0038] The fifth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the control method described in the first aspect above.

[0039] The sixth aspect of this application provides a computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the control method described in the first aspect above. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This application provides a structural block diagram of an automated external defibrillator.

[0041] Figure 2 This is one of the schematic flowcharts of a control method for an automated external defibrillator provided in this application.

[0042] Figure 3 This is the second schematic flowchart of a control method for an automated external defibrillator provided in this application.

[0043] Figure 4 This is the third schematic flowchart of a control method for an automated external defibrillator provided in this application.

[0044] Figure 5 The fourth schematic flowchart of a control method for an automated external defibrillator provided in this application.

[0045] Figure 6 Fifth schematic flowchart of a control method for an automated external defibrillator provided in this application.

[0046] Figure 7 This is the sixth schematic flowchart of a control method for an automated external defibrillator provided in this application.

[0047] Figure 8 The diagram shown is a structural block diagram of the control device of an automated external defibrillator provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] Figure 9 The diagram shown is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0050] Cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the widespread use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) has been proven to significantly improve the survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. The core function of an AED is to guide rescuers, even those without specialized medical training, to perform standardized cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a patient through voice and visual cues, cyclically performing heart rate analysis and CPR, and delivering a defibrillation shock when a shockable rhythm (such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT)) is identified.

[0051] AED devices incorporate a standardized emergency rescue algorithm, commonly known as "rescue mode." This mode strictly follows the cyclical operation recommended by international CPR guidelines. Specifically, a typical cycle begins with a heart rate analysis. If the analysis indicates "shock recommended," the device guides the rescuer to deliver a shock, then automatically enters a fixed-duration (usually 2-minute) CPR phase. During this phase, the AED continuously emits beat sounds to guide the rescuer in performing chest compressions at the correct rate and depth. If the heart rate analysis indicates "shock not recommended," the device directly enters the CPR phase. After 2 minutes of CPR, the device prompts the user to pause compressions and begin a new heart rate analysis, repeating this cycle. This design ensures standardized and streamlined emergency procedures, which is crucial for initial resuscitation.

[0052] However, resuscitation after cardiac arrest is not a static process; the patient's physiological state can change drastically within minutes. With continued resuscitation efforts, especially after one or more effective shocks, the patient may regain spontaneous circulation (ROSC). ROSC means the patient's heart has resumed an effective, perfused beating. At this point, the clinical focus should immediately shift from continuous, high-intensity chest compressions to close monitoring of the patient's vital signs (especially heart rhythm) to prevent recurrence of malignant arrhythmias and to prepare for subsequent advanced life support.

[0053] In this dynamic clinical scenario, the limitations of traditional AED fixed procedures become apparent. Firstly, even when the patient has regained spontaneous circulation and no longer needs or should receive chest compressions, the AED, because it is in its preset "rescue mode" cycle, will continue to emit rhythmic CPR beeps. This kind of prompt, completely disconnected from the patient's actual physiological state, not only provides no clinical benefit but may also interfere with patients who need a quiet environment, distract rescuers from assessing the patient and preparing for transport, and even, in extreme cases, mislead on-site personnel to continue unnecessary and potentially harmful compressions. For example, when resuscitating a patient with cardiac arrest, CPR compressions may cause rib fractures, chest fractures, and damage to the costochondral cartilage due to the pressure and depth. It may also cause pneumothorax, hemothorax, and contusions to internal organs such as the liver, spleen, and heart, as well as soft tissue bruising and pain in the chest wall. Especially when there is a pre-existing chest wound, CPR compressions may cause the wound to tear and widen, increase bleeding, and intensify pain, potentially exacerbating local tissue damage and the risk of damage to deeper organs.

[0054] At least one embodiment of this application provides an automated external defibrillator (AED) and its control method, self-control device, electronic device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product to at least solve the aforementioned technical problems. The control method for the AED may include: performing cardiac rhythm analysis on a patient during operation of the AED; controlling the AED to maintain in a first operating mode, or controlling the AED to enter the first operating mode when the patient's condition is determined to meet a first condition based on cardiac rhythm analysis or when a user's switching instruction is present, wherein in the first operating mode, the AED executes a rescue process including alternating cardiac rhythm analysis phases and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt phases; controlling the AED to switch to a second operating mode when the patient's condition is determined to meet a second condition based on cardiac rhythm analysis and a user's confirmed operation instruction; controlling the AED to stop CPR prompts and continue performing cardiac rhythm analysis in the second operating mode; determining whether a switching condition is met, the switching condition including identifying whether the patient's condition meets the first condition or whether a user's switching instruction is present through continuous cardiac rhythm analysis in the second operating mode. This control method solves the technical problem that traditional AEDs cannot adapt to changes in patient status or condition due to fixed procedures by dynamically switching between the first and second working modes based on the patient's real-time physiological state.

[0055] The automated external defibrillator and its control method, self-control device, electronic device, computer-readable storage medium and computer program product provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0056] First, see Figure 1 This application provides a schematic diagram of the architecture of an automated external defibrillator (AED) 100 to illustrate the basic structure of the AED system 100. The AED 100 includes an AED main unit 110, a pair of electrode pads 120, and optionally, an external physiological parameter monitoring device 130 and / or a cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) feedback device 140. The AED main unit 110 integrates a control device, which may include a processor, memory, and necessary input / output interfaces. The electrode pads 120 are connected to the main unit 110 via cables and are used to attach to the patient's chest. Their core function is to collect the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and deliver a defibrillation shock when needed. In some embodiments, the electrode pads 120 can also be used to measure chest impedance signals. Prompt units, such as speakers and indicator lights, are also integrated into the main unit 110 for outputting voice guidance, beat tones, and visual cues. A manual operation interface, such as one or more physical buttons or a touchscreen, is located on the surface of the main unit 110 for rescuer interaction.

[0057] For example, the plugs of AED electrode pads can be compatible with the plugs of defibrillator monitors, and professional rescuers can reuse the electrode pads and transfer them to the defibrillator monitor.

[0058] External physiological parameter monitoring devices 130, such as blood pressure monitors, end-tidal carbon dioxide monitors, pulse oximeters, or monitoring devices, can be connected to the host 110 via wired or wireless communication to provide the host 110 with physiological parameter signals that characterize the patient's circulatory status.

[0059] The cardiopulmonary resuscitation feedback device 140 is typically placed on the patient's chest. Its built-in accelerometer (e.g., a triaxial accelerometer) detects compression movements. The device can be connected directly via cable or wirelessly to transmit its sensor data or calculated compression frequency and depth information to the main unit 110. The control unit is electrically connected to the electrode pads, defibrillation circuit, prompting unit, and various interfaces, and is responsible for coordinating the operation of all functions.

[0060] In this application, the reference signals collected by the electrode pads and the cardiopulmonary resuscitation feedback device can both be used, or only one of them can be used. If the cardiopulmonary resuscitation feedback device is not used at the rescue site, the chest impedance information collected by the electrode pads is used as the reference signal. For example, if a filtering algorithm is used later (see the relevant description in the following embodiments), an adaptive filtering algorithm can be used to remove compression interference.

[0061] Furthermore, the control method for the automated external defibrillator provided in this application includes at least the following: Figure 2 The steps S100 to S500 shown are as follows.

[0062] S100, during the operation of the automated external defibrillator (AED), performs a cardiac rhythm analysis on the patient. The purpose of this step is to provide real-time, continuous input of the patient's cardiac rhythm status for subsequent mode decisions.

[0063] It should be noted that "heart rhythm analysis" broadly refers to any step or process of processing and interpreting electrophysiological signals obtained from a patient to determine their heart rhythm type or whether it meets specific clinical conditions. For example, this may include, but is not limited to: amplifying, filtering, and extracting features from the acquired electrocardiogram signals, and classifying them into shockable or non-shockable rhythms based on a preset algorithm; or performing adaptive filtering with a reference signal to suppress interference (see the relevant descriptions in the following embodiments) and then determining in real time whether the heart rhythm is ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular tachycardia, cardiac arrest, or extreme bradycardia. For example, the determination of "shockable rhythm" can be performed after the signal quality meets a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold, which may be set to achieve a heart rhythm classification accuracy higher than 95% (this is just an example value and is not a limitation).

[0064] In the embodiments of this application, the technical means for implementing continuous heart rhythm analysis are not limited. For example, it may include a dedicated hardware circuit module for ECG signal acquisition and processing, which operates at a fixed sampling rate; at the software or logic level, it can be implemented through a monitoring thread independent of the main flow control thread, which cyclically executes ECG signal reading, preprocessing, and heart rhythm classification algorithms. In a specific example, the processor of the control device periodically reads the ECG digital signal from the analog-to-digital converter connected to the electrode pads and calls the heart rhythm analysis algorithm stored in the memory for processing. Those skilled in the art will understand that the frequency of heart rhythm analysis can be adjusted according to different computing resources and real-time requirements, for example, several to tens of times per second, as long as it can provide sufficiently timely status judgments for mode switching decisions.

[0065] S200, controls the automated external defibrillator to remain in a first operating mode, or controls the automated external defibrillator to enter the first operating mode when the patient's condition is determined to meet a first condition based on heart rhythm analysis or when a user's switching instruction is present, wherein, in the first operating mode, the automated external defibrillator executes a rescue process that includes alternating heart rhythm analysis phases and cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt phases.

[0066] It should be noted that the heart rate analysis phase performs the heart rate analysis operation, but the heart rate analysis operation is not performed only during the heart rate analysis phase. The purpose of the heart rate analysis phase is to display the patient's heart rate for user reference, so as to decide whether to perform defibrillation, chest compressions, artificial respiration, etc. For details, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the following embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0067] It should be noted that an automated external defibrillator (AED) can be in its first operating mode from the initial mode after power-on, which is equivalent to maintaining it in the first operating mode. During the entire operation, when the user operates it and it enters other modes (such as the second operating mode described below) and then switches back to the first operating mode, it means that the AED has entered the first operating mode.

[0068] In the embodiments of this application, "first operating mode" refers to any workflow or state performed by an automated external defibrillator that includes alternating heart rhythm analysis and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompting operations. For example, it may include, but is not limited to: a rescue process that follows standard first aid guidelines and cycles between a heart rhythm analysis phase and a CPR prompting phase; or a complete first aid mode that performs defibrillation when a shockable rhythm is detected and prompts CPR when a non-shockable rhythm is detected. Here, "CPR prompting" may refer to the output of beat sounds, visual indicators, or voice commands to guide the user in performing chest compressions, and the duration of the prompting phase may be, for example, approximately two minutes or other durations preset according to clinical guidelines.

[0069] For example, in the heart rhythm analysis phase of the first working mode, if the AED confirms a defibrillable rhythm, the defibrillation button on the AED surface will light up for the rescuer to press. If the rescuer presses the defibrillation button, the AED will perform a defibrillation (semi-automatic defibrillation mode), or the AED can automatically defibrillate and issue a prompt (fully automatic defibrillation mode). Manual defibrillation mode is also supported. Regardless of whether defibrillation is performed, the system will continue to the CPR prompt phase. If the AED confirms an undefibrillable rhythm, it will directly continue to the CPR prompt phase, and so on. It should be noted that during the CPR prompt phase, the rescuer can perform rescue operations such as chest compressions and artificial respiration.

[0070] In embodiments of this application, the first condition characterizes the type of heart rhythm requiring CPR intervention identified by the heart rhythm analysis. This includes heart rhythm types that meet defibrillation criteria, such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), and also includes at least one of undefibrillable cardiac arrest and extreme bradycardia with a heart rate below a preset threshold. For example, the preset threshold may include 30 bpm or 40 bpm. Thus, the specific malignant heart rhythm types covered by the "first condition" for triggering or maintaining the first operating mode are clearly defined, ensuring that the device's decision logic is closely aligned with clinical guidelines. Specifically, the first condition corresponds to arrhythmias requiring device intervention to guide a standard rescue procedure including CPR and / or defibrillation. These include: 1) Ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (pVT): these are the most classic shockable rhythms that require immediate shock therapy; 2) Asystole: the heart has no electrical activity, requiring continuous CPR and medication rather than shock, but still requiring device-guided rescue procedures; 3) Extreme bradycardia with a heart rate below a preset threshold (e.g., 30 or 40 beats / min), where the heart pumping is ineffective, also requiring circulatory support such as CPR. By listing these specific clinical indications, this protocol ensures the clinical accuracy and comprehensiveness of the device's intelligent decision-making. It makes the "enter or maintain rescue mode" control action precisely cover all pathophysiological states requiring emergency life support intervention, avoiding omissions or misjudgments that may result from ambiguous definitions, and ensuring that the AED's intelligent response strictly follows authoritative emergency medical practice guidelines.

[0071] S300: When the result of heart rhythm analysis meets the second condition, the automated external defibrillator is controlled to switch to the second working mode upon confirmation of the user's operation command or confirmation that the patient's condition meets the set condition.

[0072] For example, in one specific implementation of step S300, after obtaining patient status information based on heart rate analysis, the information can be fed back to the user for confirmation (either by the user's own judgment or with the help of other devices). If the patient's status is that spontaneous circulation has been restored, it indicates that the second condition has been met, thereby responding to the user's confirmation switching command (issued by the user by pressing a button, etc.) to enter the continuous detection mode, i.e., the second working mode. For details of the specific implementation of step S300, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the following embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0073] For example, in another specific implementation of step S300, after obtaining patient status information based on heart rate analysis, the system can be enabled. If, at this point, other assistive devices detect the patient's status and determine that the patient has resumed spontaneous circulation, the second condition is met, and the system automatically switches directly to the continuous monitoring mode, i.e., the second operating mode. It should be noted that this assistive device can be an external monitoring device or a device integrated into the AED that monitors the patient's status. Furthermore, this automatic switching can be configured to achieve fully automated processing without user confirmation, or it can be configured to still require user verification and confirmation. These two functions can be switched using an intervention module (e.g., a corresponding configuration switch).

[0074] In the embodiments of this application, "second working mode" generally refers to any simplified workflow or standby state that an automated external defibrillator (AED) enters under specific conditions, where cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompts are stopped and cardiac rhythm monitoring is continuously performed; this can be called a "continuous monitoring mode." For example, it may include, but is not limited to: a monitoring mode specifically designed for continuous identification of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, activated after determining that the patient may have regained spontaneous circulation; or a simplified monitoring mode that automatically enters upon receiving a warning signal, performing only continuous cardiac rhythm analysis in preparation for defibrillation. In this mode, "continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring" may refer to continuous or quasi-continuous processing and judgment of electrocardiogram signals at analysis intervals of less than, for example, 10 seconds (this is merely an example value and not a limitation).

[0075] In the embodiments of this application, the second condition characterizes the automated external defibrillator (AED) being in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompting phase of the first operating mode and the patient being in a state of non-shockable rhythm. The state of non-shockable rhythm includes: receiving a mode switching confirmation command input by the user; and / or receiving physiological parameter signals from an external physiological monitoring device communicatively connected to the AED, characterizing the patient's circulatory recovery. Specifically, the "second condition" triggering the switch to the second operating mode is analyzed here. Firstly, it is time-limited to the "CPR prompting phase of the device in the first operating mode," i.e., the period during which chest compressions are being guided. Secondly, it defines the core premise that "the patient is in a state of non-shockable rhythm." Regarding how to determine this state, the scheme provides two parallel or complementary chains of evidence: the first is confirmation based on human-computer interaction, i.e., the rescuer inputs a "mode switching confirmation command" through a specific operation, representing a clinical judgment made by the rescuer based on on-site observation (such as checking pulse and respiration). The second is judgment based on objective physiological data, i.e., the device receives signals from an external monitor clearly indicating the patient's circulatory recovery (such as a sudden increase in PetCO2 or recovery of blood pressure).

[0076] In some embodiments of this application, patient status information includes ROSC (Resumption of Spontaneous Circulation) status information of the patient. The ROSC status information is acquired by receiving ROSC status information from an automated external defibrillator (AED); or by receiving signals from an external physiological parameter monitoring device communicatively connected to the AED, and generating ROSC status information based on the signals. Optionally, the external physiological parameter monitoring device includes a blood pressure monitor, an end-tidal carbon dioxide monitor, a pulse oximeter, or a monitoring device. Thus, by introducing communication with external professional monitoring equipment, more objective and multidimensional physiological parameters are obtained as the basis for ROSC determination, improving the automation and accuracy of mode switching decisions. Specifically, determining whether the patient has regained spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is crucial in deciding whether to switch from rescue mode to monitoring mode. Relying solely on heart rate analysis and user observation may introduce uncertainty. This solution expands the information acquisition channels, enabling the AED to interact with other monitoring devices (such as monitors) that may be present at the emergency scene. For example, a sudden and sustained increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide (PetCO2) is a sensitive indicator for determining ROSC (Recovery of Circulatory Status). The recovery of invasive or non-invasive blood pressure, improvement in pulse oximetry waveform, and perfusion index are also important indicators. AEDs receive real-time or trend data from these devices via wired or wireless interfaces and analyze it using built-in algorithms. When these objective physiological parameters reach preset ROSC thresholds, the device can automatically generate or strongly prompt the generation of "ROSC status information." This provides stronger and more direct evidence for the "second condition" of mode switching, reducing reliance on the rescuer's subjective judgment. This allows for more timely and objectively data-driven switching to monitoring mode, particularly suitable for complex rescue scenarios involving professional emergency personnel, improving the overall accuracy and efficiency of treatment.

[0077] In other embodiments of this application, the patient status information includes ROSC status information indicating the patient has regained spontaneous circulation. The ROSC status information is acquired by receiving a signal generated by a circulation recovery sign detection module integrated into the automated external defibrillator (AED) body, and generating ROSC status information based on the signal. Optionally, the circulation recovery sign detection module includes a pulse sensor and a perfusion index detection module. Thus, by integrating pulse and perfusion index detection modules into the AED body, integrated ROSC assistance is achieved, enhancing the device's independence and functional completeness. Specifically, this solution pursues higher device integration and independence, directly embedding the sensing functions used to assist in ROSC assessment into the AED device. For example, a photoelectric pulse sensor is integrated into the electrode pads or device handle to detect pulsatile blood flow signals at the fingertips or body surface; or, electrodes that collect electrocardiogram signals are used to calculate the perfusion index (PI) using photoelectric or impedance methods, which reflects changes in peripheral perfusion. When a patient regains spontaneous circulation, it is often accompanied by a palpable pulse and an improved perfusion index. The built-in ROSC (Recovery of Circulatory Signs) detection module continuously generates these signals, which are then analyzed by the device's internal processor. Once a sustained pulse signal matching the ROSC characteristics or a significant upward trend in the perfusion index is detected, the module generates corresponding status information. This approach allows the AED to obtain key circulatory information, excluding ECG, without relying on external devices, enabling a more comprehensive status assessment with a single device. It is particularly suitable for scenarios lacking external monitoring equipment, such as public places and use by non-professional rescuers, expanding the applicability and convenience of the intelligent mode switching function.

[0078] S400, in the second operating mode, the automated external defibrillator (AED) is controlled to stop the CPR prompt and continue performing cardiac rhythm analysis. This step defines a behavioral characteristic of the second operating mode: "silent monitoring." Stopping the CPR prompt eliminates interference with the patient regaining spontaneous circulation, while continuous cardiac rhythm analysis maintains the ability to monitor the patient's cardiac rhythm, preparing for the switchback in step S500. The stop prompt can be output via a software command to the beat tone output of the silent prompt unit.

[0079] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, heart rate analysis can be performed throughout the entire operation of the automated external defibrillator, or it can be performed in a stage other than cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or the automated external defibrillator can be equipped with a switch for it, and it can only be performed when it is turned on, etc. The specific design can be made according to actual operational needs, and there are no restrictions here. In addition, for different choices of heart rate analysis, please refer to the relevant descriptions in the following embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0080] In this application, the term "cardiopulmonary resuscitation cue" refers to a rhythmic, verbal, or visual instruction used to guide rescuers in performing chest compressions. A typical example is a rhythmic sound cue that conforms to standard first aid guidelines (such as the American Heart Association guidelines), such as a "beep" or similar sound at a frequency of 100 to 120 times per minute.

[0081] S500: Determine if the switching conditions are met. These conditions include whether the patient's condition meets the first condition or whether a user's switching command is received, as identified through continuous heart rhythm analysis in the second operating mode. Specifically, if the patient's condition meets the first condition or responds to a user's switching command in the second operating mode, the switching conditions are deemed met, and the automated external defibrillator (AED) switches from the second operating mode back to the first operating mode. Conversely, if the switching conditions are not met, continue with step S400 for continuous patient monitoring. This step completes the closed-loop dynamic switching, ensuring that the device can restart the rescue process without delay when the patient's condition relapses. Once the continuous heart rhythm analysis logic running in the second operating mode outputs a result that meets the first condition (such as identifying ventricular fibrillation), the control logic immediately triggers a mode switch, causing the device to jump back to the first operating mode defined in step S200, and typically begins execution from the heart rhythm analysis phase of that mode.

[0082] The control methods in steps S100 to S500 above break through the limitations of traditional automated external defibrillators (AEDs) with pre-programmed, fixed-cycle workflows such as "analysis → compression → reanalysis". By performing continuous cardiac rhythm analysis throughout the defibrillator's operation and dynamically deciding and controlling the device's operating mode based on the analysis results and patient status information, the method overcomes these limitations. For example, when a patient requires alternating CPR and defibrillation, the defibrillator enters or maintains the first operating mode; when analysis and status information indicate that the patient may have regained spontaneous circulation or temporarily does not require chest compressions, the defibrillator switches to the second operating mode, stopping unnecessary CPR prompts to avoid interference. Crucially, the second operating mode is not a dormant or off state, but a standby state with continuous cardiac rhythm monitoring. Once the patient's cardiac rhythm deteriorates (meeting the first condition), the defibrillator can immediately and automatically switch back to the first operating mode to prepare for defibrillation. Thus, this method achieves real-time matching between device behavior and the patient's clinical status, eliminating invalid prompts for patients who have regained circulation and ensuring rapid response to recurrent malignant arrhythmias, optimizing the AED's intelligent adaptability and emergency response time.

[0083] It should be noted that, in order to further optimize the safety and reliability of human-computer interaction and prevent the device from inappropriately exiting the rescue mode due to misoperation, regarding the above-mentioned step S300, that is, when the result of the heart rhythm analysis meets the second condition, upon the user's confirmation of the operation command or upon confirming that the patient's condition meets the set state, the automated external defibrillator is controlled to switch to the second working mode. The switch from the first working mode to the second working mode now requires a human-computer interaction confirmation method, which can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 3 And the following steps S310 to S330.

[0084] S310, when the automated external defibrillator is in the first working mode and the preset enable conditions are met, it enters the instruction receiving preparation stage.

[0085] In at least one embodiment of this application, the enabling conditions described above may include: currently in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt phase of the first working mode, and a preset heart rate analysis result indicating that the patient's heart rhythm is a non-CPR intervention heart rate type. The preset heart rate analysis result is one or a combination of at least the most recent heart rate analysis result (e.g., the previous or most recent results), the current heart rate analysis result, and the heart rate analysis result within the most recent preset time period (e.g., the most recent 30 seconds, 15 seconds, etc.). This limits the enabling conditions for triggering mode switching guidance, ensuring that mode switching only occurs at clinically logically reasonable times.

[0086] The "enabling conditions" include two elements that must be met simultaneously: The first element is that the device is currently in the "CPR prompting phase," meaning that the rescuer is performing chest compressions under the guidance of the AED. Only at this point is it meaningful to discuss whether to "stop compression guidance." The second element is that "the most recent heart rhythm analysis result is a non-CPR intervention heart rhythm type." This is a crucial safety constraint, indicating that at the most recent assessment time, the patient was not in a malignant arrhythmia state requiring immediate shock (such as ventricular fibrillation). This condition ensures that the system will not guide the user to consider stopping CPR and the rescue process when the patient clearly needs shock therapy. The combination of these two conditions logically defines that the mode switching request can only be triggered in the context of "compressions in progress" and "no immediate indication for shock." This ensures that subsequent human-computer interaction guidance is based on a safety-first clinical logic, avoiding dangerous operational instructions.

[0087] For example, the heart rhythm types for cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention include heart rhythm types that meet the criteria for defibrillation, cardiac arrest, and extreme bradycardia with a heart rate below a preset threshold. Heart rhythm types that meet the criteria for defibrillation include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). Correspondingly, the heart rhythm types not for cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention need to exclude the heart rate types listed above.

[0088] In at least one embodiment of this disclosure, step S310, i.e., when the automated external defibrillator is in a first operating mode and a preset enabling condition is detected, proceeding to the instruction receiving preparation step, may include: generating and outputting a mode switching prompt message guiding the user to confirm. Thus, by introducing a human-machine interaction confirmation process based on enabling condition judgment to trigger mode switching, the reliability and security of the mode switching operation are improved.

[0089] In at least one embodiment of this application, the output mode switching prompt information includes: outputting a voice broadcast indicating confirmation that the patient has regained spontaneous circulation; the automated external defibrillator includes an indicator light, wherein the mode switching prompt information further includes: controlling the indicator light to flash while outputting the voice broadcast. Thus, by outputting switching prompts through a combination of voice broadcast and visual indication, the user is guided to confirm the status in a clear and multimodal manner, ensuring that the prompt information can be effectively perceived. Specifically, in noisy or tense emergency situations, a single form of prompt may be missed or misunderstood, while this solution employs a multimodal prompt strategy combining audiovisual elements. Aurally, the device outputs a clear voice broadcast, directly guiding the user to perform the key clinical action of "confirming that the patient has regained spontaneous circulation," shifting the user's attention from device operation to the direct assessment of the patient's vital signs. Visually, by controlling a specific mode of the indicator light (such as flashing), a continuous and conspicuous visual signal is provided to the user, echoing the voice broadcast content and enhancing the prominence and redundancy of the prompt. Even if the ambient noise is high and the voice is unclear, the flashing indicator light can still remind the user of matters requiring confirmation. This audiovisual collaborative prompting method greatly improves the robustness and effectiveness of critical information transmission, ensuring that rescuers can clearly receive the device's interaction requests and complete the correct confirmation process according to the instructions.

[0090] S320 receives confirmation commands from the user.

[0091] In at least one embodiment of this application, when the AED can output mode switching prompt information, the step S320 above, namely receiving the confirmation operation instruction input by the user in response to the mode switching prompt information, may include: receiving the confirmation operation instruction input by the user in response to the mode switching prompt information.

[0092] In at least one embodiment of this application, the user confirmation operation instruction in step S320 refers to receiving at least one specific operation on a function button on the automated external defibrillator within a preset time window after the output mode switching prompt information. Thus, the user confirmation operation is defined as a specific operation within a time-limited window to prevent accidental or unintentional confirmation.

[0093] In some embodiments of this application, the specific operation described above can be performed once, and includes: pressing a function key for a first predetermined duration.

[0094] In other embodiments of this application, the aforementioned specific operation is defined as at least two consecutive operations. Specifically, this scheme provides clear operational guidelines for the user's final confirmation action. First, it sets a "preset time window," requiring the user to complete the confirmation operation within a limited time after the prompt message is output; otherwise, the process fails. This introduces time pressure, prompting users to make quick but prudent judgments and avoiding process stagnation caused by hesitation. Second, the confirmation operation is defined as "at least two consecutive specific operations" on a "function key," which usually means not a simple press, but a compound operation that needs to be performed according to a specific rhythm or sequence (e.g., double-click, long press followed by short press, etc.). Using a single key simplifies user memory and operation, but the setting of "two consecutive specific operations" significantly increases the difficulty of accidental triggering. The probability of a user accidentally touching a key once under stress is higher, but the probability of performing two consecutive operations in a specific manner is much lower. This design, while ensuring ease of operation, greatly enhances the intentionality and accuracy of the confirmation command, and is an effective human-computer interaction design to prevent accidental operation.

[0095] It should be noted that the aforementioned "preset time window" can be set according to actual rescue needs. For example, it can be the time for a complete CPR operation (e.g., 2 minutes) or other manually set time periods.

[0096] In at least one embodiment of this application, the aforementioned at least two consecutive specific operations include: firstly, pressing and holding a function button for a first predetermined duration; and then pressing the same function button again within a second predetermined duration for a third predetermined duration. For example, further, the first predetermined duration is greater than or equal to the third predetermined duration. Thus, by using two pressing actions that require a certain duration, the security of operation confirmation is further enhanced. Specifically, this scheme refines the aforementioned consecutive operations, requiring the user to perform two pressing actions, and both presses must last for the "first predetermined duration" (e.g., 3 seconds) and the "third predetermined duration" (e.g., 2 seconds). There is also a timing requirement between the two long-press operations, that is, the second long press must begin within the "second predetermined duration" (e.g., 5 seconds). This pressing mode has a high degree of protection against accidental touches. Short accidental touches cannot meet the long-press duration requirement; the first long press can be considered a "ready" or "request" signal, and the second long press is the final "confirmation" signal after the device may provide intermediate feedback (such as a change in the prompt tone). The two long-press actions require the user to intentionally and steadily maintain the pressing state, giving the user more time to think and confirm their operation intention.

[0097] S330, in response to the confirmation operation command, performs a switch from the first operating mode to the second operating mode.

[0098] In steps S310 to S330, a human-machine interaction confirmation process based on enabling condition judgment is introduced to trigger mode switching, improving the reliability and safety of the mode switching operation. Specifically, the decision-making process for switching from rescue mode (first working mode) to monitoring mode (second working mode) adds a layer of human-machine collaborative safety mechanism. This is not simply decided unilaterally by the algorithm or the user, but rather a process combining logical judgment and manual confirmation. First, the system checks whether the preset enabling conditions are met, which can be considered a preliminary automated safety screening. After the conditions are met, the device does not switch immediately, but outputs clear prompts to the user, guiding the user to make a final confirmation of the patient's current status (such as whether spontaneous circulation has been restored). Only when the user executes the corresponding confirmation operation command does the device perform the switch. This process effectively combines the objective analysis of the algorithm (enabling condition judgment) with the subjective clinical assessment of the rescuer (confirmation operation), utilizing the device's continuous monitoring capabilities while providing on-site users, such as rescuers, with the right to make judgments. This effectively prevents dangerous situations where the rescue mode is exited at inappropriate times (such as when the patient still needs CPR) due to device misjudgment or user accidental touch, thus ensuring the safety of mode switching timing.

[0099] It's important to note that in real-world rescue scenarios, there's a response delay due to recurring symptoms. For example, during a two-minute CPR session, the forceful chest compressions can generate significant interference noise in the ECG signal, making it difficult for the AED to perform reliable rhythm analysis during this time. This means that if the patient experiences ventricular fibrillation again shortly after CPR begins (e.g., 30 seconds), this life-threatening situation won't be detected by the device in real time. The rescuer and the device must "blindly" complete the remaining CPR until compressions stop and the signal clears before another analysis can be performed and defibrillation prepared. There can be a completely avoidable treatment delay of more than one minute between the onset of the arrhythmia and the availability of defibrillation.

[0100] To address the aforementioned issues, embodiments of this application provide a signal processing scheme incorporated into the entire control method to overcome the strong noise interference introduced by chest compressions.

[0101] like Figure 4 As shown, the above step S100, which is to perform heart rhythm analysis on the patient during the operation of the automated external defibrillator, may further include the following steps S110 to S130.

[0102] S110 simultaneously acquires the patient's electrocardiogram signals and reference signals related to chest compressions.

[0103] In some embodiments of this application, the reference signal includes a chest impedance change signal measured by the electrode pads of the automated external defibrillator (AED). Thus, this implementation utilizes the chest impedance change obtainable directly from the electrode pads as a reference signal, effectively characterizing compression interference without the need for additional sensors, making it an economical and practical approach. Specifically, chest compressions alter the geometry and volume of the chest cavity, resulting in a regular change in the electrical impedance (chest impedance) passing through the chest. This change is highly synchronized with the compression action in time and correlated with its waveform. The above solution fully utilizes the physical characteristics of existing AED electrodes. While acquiring ECG signals through the electrodes, a weak AC detection current or a specific circuit can be applied to simultaneously measure the chest impedance change signal reflecting the compression action. Using this signal as the reference input of an adaptive filter, the filter can accurately identify noise components in the ECG signal that originate from the impedance change. This solution does not rely on any external additional sensors and can be implemented solely through modifications to the device's standard electrodes and circuitry, significantly reducing the hardware complexity and cost of the system. Meanwhile, since the change in chest impedance is directly caused by the physical changes in the chest cavity due to compression, it has an inherent physiological and physical relationship with the compression interference in the electrocardiogram signal, and therefore has high reliability and effectiveness as a reference signal.

[0104] In other embodiments of this application, the reference signal includes: acceleration sensor data characterizing the compression action acquired through an external or built-in CPR feedback device, and calculated compression frequency and / or compression depth information. Thus, using multi-dimensional kinematic data such as acceleration and depth from the CPR feedback device as a reference signal provides a more accurate characterization of compression interference, further improving the quality of filtering and heart rhythm analysis. Specifically, professional CPR feedback devices typically integrate high-precision accelerometers, force sensors, or displacement sensors, enabling direct and quantitative measurement of parameters that contribute most to compression interference, such as acceleration, depth, frequency, and even rebound velocity. This approach allows the AED to receive sensor data from such external or built-in feedback devices and use it as a reference signal for adaptive filtering. Compared to chest impedance signals, data such as acceleration more clearly characterizes the instantaneous dynamic characteristics of compression (such as impact and vibration), making it more effective at filtering out high-frequency transient interference or harmonic components caused by the compression action. Furthermore, by combining compression depth and frequency information, the algorithm can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the intensity and periodicity of interference, thereby establishing a more accurate noise model. This method is particularly suitable for scenarios with extremely high requirements for ECG signal quality, or for situations where individual patient differences lead to poor correlation between changes in chest impedance and interference. It can still provide a superior, redundant source of reference information, thus ensuring that high-quality (high accuracy, noise-free or low-noise) analyzable ECG signals can be obtained under various complex emergency conditions.

[0105] The S120 employs an adaptive filtering algorithm to perform real-time filtering of the ECG signal using a reference signal, in order to suppress or eliminate interference noise introduced by the compression action.

[0106] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of this application, the "filtering algorithm" function module can be activated when a pressing action is detected (by chest impedance information or the AED's CPR feedback device detecting pressing interference), or it can remain activated throughout the entire operation of the AED, or it can be manually operated to control whether it is activated.

[0107] "Adaptive filtering algorithm" broadly refers to any signal processing method that can dynamically adjust filtering parameters using one or more reference signals to extract or enhance the target signal from a noisy main signal. Examples include, but are not limited to: using at least one of the following algorithms—Least Mean Square (LMS), Steepest Descent, and Recursive Least Squares—to filter synchronously acquired ECG signals using chest impedance changes obtained from electrode pads as a reference to suppress interference caused by chest compressions; or using compression data obtained from an accelerometer as a reference for noise cancellation processing. This algorithm aims to achieve "real-time heart rhythm analysis during CPR," with a processing delay of, for example, less than 5 seconds (this is just an example and not limited to this value) to meet real-time requirements.

[0108] S130 performs heart rhythm analysis based on the filtered ECG signal. The purpose of this limitation is to achieve accurate heart rhythm analysis without interrupting CPR compressions by actively acquiring and canceling noise reference information, thus providing a reliable basis for real-time status assessment.

[0109] In steps S110 to S130, by introducing adaptive filtering based on reference signals during the CPR phase, the serious interference of chest compressions on ECG signals is resolved, thereby enabling continuous and reliable cardiac rhythm analysis during CPR. Specifically, chest compressions are a crucial part of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but the intense mechanical motion they generate severely contaminates the ECG signals acquired through surface electrodes, making it impossible for traditional AEDs to perform effective analysis during compressions, creating an "analysis blind zone." This solution addresses this problem by simultaneously acquiring ECG signals and at least one "reference signal" strongly correlated with the compression action (such as changes in chest impedance, acceleration, etc.). The adaptive filtering algorithm can use the reference signal to estimate the noise component caused by compressions in the ECG signal in real time. The algorithm dynamically adjusts its parameters to minimize the correlation between the noisy ECG signal and the reference signal, thereby "learning" and "subtracting" compression interference from the mixed signal, outputting a relatively pure cardiac electrical activity signal. After this processing, even during continuous compressions, the defibrillator system can obtain an ECG that can be used for analysis. This provides the technical basis for the aforementioned "continuous heart rhythm analysis" to be realized during the CPR stage, enabling the device to obtain changes in the patient's heart rhythm relatively accurately even under compression interference, providing accurate real-time data support for dynamic mode switching, enabling condition judgment, and even subsequent possible immediate defibrillation.

[0110] Without a CPR filtering algorithm, the AED's operating logic requires alternating between a "heart rhythm analysis phase" and a "CPR compression phase," with compressions only requiring cessation for analysis during the dedicated heart rhythm analysis phase. The CPR phase lacks analysis functionality due to compression interference. In the embodiments of this application, the automated external defibrillator (AED) overcomes the limitation of ineffective heart rate analysis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by configuring a CPR filtering algorithm, achieving uninterrupted heart rhythm monitoring throughout the entire process. Furthermore, with the CPR filtering algorithm enabled, reference signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, chest impedance changes, and acceleration data from the CPR feedback device can be simultaneously acquired. Adaptive filtering algorithms suppress compression interference, continuously outputting accurate heart rhythm analysis results during CPR compressions. It can identify shockable, non-shockable, or indeterminate rhythms in real time without interrupting compressions, and correspondingly perform defibrillation, continuous compression prompts, or pause confirmation operations. Meanwhile, the CPR filtering algorithm of this application can be configured to be turned on or off. When the rescuer chooses to turn off the algorithm, the device switches to the original working mode, that is, no heart rhythm analysis is performed during the CPR stage. This different operation mode can cover the usage needs of different rescue scenarios.

[0111] For example, in a specific scenario, suppose a patient experiences sudden cardiac arrest outdoors. The rescuer quickly activates the automated external defibrillator (AED) described in this application and enters the first working mode (rescue mode). After attaching the electrode pads, the device first performs a heart rhythm analysis, identifies ventricular fibrillation (a shockable rhythm), and completes the first defibrillation. It then automatically enters the CPR prompting stage. The rescuer performs chest compressions according to the beat sounds. At this time, the device senses the compression action and activates the CPR filtering algorithm (either initially configured or manually set to be enabled throughout the process). The AED continuously analyzes the heart rhythm during compressions. After 30 seconds, it detects that the patient's heart rhythm has changed to sinus rhythm (a non-shockable rhythm), and the rescuer confirms the patient has regained spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by touching the carotid artery. Since the device is in the CPR stage and the current heart rhythm is neither arrest nor extreme bradycardia, the continuous monitoring mode is enabled. The rescuer presses and holds the function button for 3 seconds and then presses it briefly (e.g., 2 seconds) to confirm. The device switches to the second working mode, stops the CPR beat prompts, and continues to monitor the heart rhythm. For example, if the patient's heart rate suddenly deteriorates after 10 minutes, the device can quickly identify ventricular fibrillation through continuous analysis in the second working mode. Then, it can switch back to the first working mode and prompt for a shock. The rescuer can perform a second defibrillation without waiting for a fixed CPR cycle. If the rescuer in this scenario is not a professional, the CPR filtering algorithm can be turned off. The device will then operate according to the original AED logic, without heart rate analysis during the CPR phase. It will only enter a dedicated heart rate analysis phase after 2 minutes of compressions. This satisfies the high efficiency requirements of professional rescue scenarios and is also compatible with the operating habits of non-professional rescuers.

[0112] Based on this filtering technology, a highly valuable enhancement can be derived: real-time defibrillation response during the CPR prompt phase. Specifically, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the above step S100, which is to perform heart rhythm analysis on the patient during the operation of the automated external defibrillator, may also include the following steps S140 and S150.

[0113] S140, if the current heart rhythm based on real-time analysis of the filtered ECG signal is a shockable rhythm, then immediately interrupt the current cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt.

[0114] For example, during the CPR phase (such as chest compressions), the device checks for the need for defibrillation at preset time intervals. If a shockable rhythm is detected at a preset time interval, the rescuer is alerted to stop compressions, and the device enters the defibrillation phase to deliver an electric shock. Defibrillation is then performed after user confirmation. The preset time interval can be selected from 30 seconds to the duration of CPR using the AED, with selectable settings increasing by 30 seconds, and a default setting of 2 minutes.

[0115] S150 controls the automated external defibrillator to switch to the rhythm analysis phase in preparation for and execution of defibrillation.

[0116] Thus, by utilizing real-time heart rhythm analysis capabilities during CPR, when a clearly shockable rhythm is identified, CPR can be immediately interrupted and defibrillation initiated, overcoming the limitations of fixed cycles in treatment response. Specifically, traditional AED procedures require a complete CPR cycle (usually 2 minutes) before heart rhythm can be reanalyzed. This may force patients to wait several minutes before receiving a shockable rhythm (such as ventricular fibrillation) if a shockable rhythm is restored during CPR, delaying optimal treatment. This solution completely changes this rigid process. When the real-time analysis algorithm determines with high confidence that the current heart rhythm is shockable (meeting the first condition) based on filtered, high-quality ECG signals, the device control logic responds immediately. It first issues a command to interrupt the ongoing CPR (such as a stop beat tone) and may broadcast voice commands such as "stop compressions"; then, the device directly jumps to a "heart rhythm analysis stage" similar to the first operating mode, but the analysis is actually completed, so it can quickly enter the charging and shock preparation state. In this way, the sequence of emergency procedures is dynamically reorganized based on the patient's real-time physiological signals, freeing the "identification-shock" response link from a fixed cycle and achieving a rapid response mode of "identification at any time, preparation at any time." This can advance defibrillation time by tens or even hundreds of seconds, which has significant clinical implications for improving the survival rate of cardiac arrest patients. This function breaks the fixed cycle limitation of traditional procedures, enabling immediate defibrillation once a shockable rhythm is identified during the CPR phase, greatly shortening treatment delays.

[0117] In at least one embodiment of this application, the above-mentioned step S100, which is to perform heart rhythm analysis on the patient during the operation of the automated external defibrillator, may further include: if the current heart rhythm based on real-time analysis of the filtered electrocardiogram signal is a shock-prohibited rhythm, continue the current cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt.

[0118] In at least one embodiment of this application, the above-mentioned step S100, which involves performing heart rhythm analysis on the patient during the operation of the automated external defibrillator, may further include: if the current heart rhythm analyzed in real time based on the filtered electrocardiogram signal is an indeterminate heart rate, then immediately interrupting the current cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt; continuing to perform heart rate analysis on the patient, and determining whether the current heart rate is a shockable heart rate based on the electrocardiogram signal; wherein, if it is determined to be a shockable heart rate, immediately interrupting the current cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt, and controlling the automated external defibrillator to switch to the heart rhythm analysis stage to prepare for and perform defibrillation; if it is determined to be an unshockable heart rate, continuing the current cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt.

[0119] In the above embodiments, real-time analysis based on the filtered ECG signal may yield at least three results: a definite heart rate or an indefinite heart rate. The definite heart rate is further divided into a definite shockable heart rate and a definite non-shockable heart rate. With a definite heart rate, the system will inform the user whether defibrillation is necessary, allowing them to decide whether to initiate defibrillation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR, such as chest compressions or artificial respiration). In practice, interference may occur. For example, even after the CPR prompt has ended and the heart rate analysis phase has begun, the user may still be performing chest compressions or other disruptive actions due to inexperience, leading to inaccurate heart rate analysis results or uncertain heart rate results. In such cases, analysis needs to continue until interference (such as errors by inexperienced users) ceases, obtaining a definite heart rate result. Then, based on this result, the system will instruct the user on the appropriate rescue action.

[0120] It should be noted that in some rescue scenarios, it may be necessary to consider the possibility of repeated, high-frequency shockable rhythms in extreme situations. To ensure that treatment complies with clinical safety guidelines, additional safety margins can be added to the aforementioned immediate defibrillation function. Thus, for example... Figure 6 As shown, the above step S100, which is to perform heart rhythm analysis on the patient during the operation of the automated external defibrillator, may also include the following steps S160 and S170.

[0121] S160, after the automated external defibrillator switches to the rhythm analysis phase and performs defibrillation, counts the defibrillation operations.

[0122] S170, after the number of defibrillations exceeds a preset number, the defibrillation operation is stopped. For example, if the number of defibrillations exceeds a preset number (e.g., 5 times) during a continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt phase, further defibrillation is stopped, and CPR prompts are maintained or restarted.

[0123] Thus, by setting an upper limit on the number of defibrillations triggered by real-time analysis within a single CPR cycle, a safety constraint mechanism can be established to prevent the sacrifice of necessary chest compression time due to excessively frequent interruptions in shocks. Specifically, although "immediate defibrillation" has significant advantages, in some scenarios, the patient's heart rhythm may frequently fluctuate between shockable and non-shockable states within a short period. Without constraints, the device may interrupt CPR multiple times within a very short period to deliver shocks, resulting in severely fragmented or even insufficient effective chest compression time. This solution introduces safety logic to balance shocks and compressions. The system counts the defibrillation operations triggered by real-time analysis within a continuous "CPR prompt phase." When the count reaches a preset clinically reasonable upper limit (e.g., 5 times), the device will temporarily "block" any further defibrillation interruptions triggered by real-time analysis within the current CPR phase. Even if subsequent analysis identifies a shockable rhythm, the device will force the continuation of the remaining CPR compression guidance until the phase ends, at which point it will re-enter the standard analysis process. This mechanism ensures that, under any circumstances, patients receive a minimum, continuous, and high-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), in accordance with the core principles of international resuscitation guidelines regarding ensuring sufficient compression time and proportion, and preventing the potential risk of excessive electric shock that may result from technical optimization.

[0124] In the embodiments of this application, in the second working mode, the defibrillator device is in a relatively "silent" monitoring state. In some scenarios, there may be a need to clearly communicate to the rescuer that the device is still working normally and the current monitoring results, so as to avoid the rescuer having doubts due to the lack of feedback.

[0125] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, step S400 above, which is the second working mode, controls the automated external defibrillator to stop the cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt and continues to perform heart rhythm analysis, may include the following step S410.

[0126] S410, when the continuous heart rhythm analysis result is a non-shockable rhythm, periodically outputs device status prompts to the user at preset time intervals. For example, it can announce "shock not recommended" every minute (this interval can also be set to 15 seconds, 30 seconds, etc.). In this way, by periodically outputting status prompts in monitoring mode, while maintaining a relatively quiet environment, it provides feedback to the user on the device's working status and the patient's heart rhythm overview, maintaining necessary human-computer interaction.

[0127] Specifically, when the AED switches to its second operating mode (monitoring mode), the device may enter a relatively "silent" state, only displaying a faint indicator light or screen. Prolonged lack of feedback may cause rescuers to doubt whether the device is still functioning properly or whether the patient is currently safe. In this approach, instead of broadcasting the results after each analysis (which would be too frequent and disruptive), a reasonable cycle is set (e.g., every 30 seconds or every minute). At the end of each cycle, if the heart rhythm analysis result remains "non-shockable rhythm," the device outputs a status prompt via voice or visual means, such as "Monitoring in progress" or "Continuous monitoring, shock not recommended." This periodic prompt provides the user with a clear reassurance, indicating that the patient's current heart rhythm is not defibrillable and proving that the device is actively and continuously monitoring, enhancing user trust and maintaining minimal human-machine communication. Compared to complete silence, this method better alleviates user anxiety while waiting for emergency personnel, while avoiding overly frequent prompts that could disrupt on-site communication or cause unnecessary disturbance to the patient.

[0128] In the embodiments of this application, in order to preserve the final decision-making power of the rescuer in complex clinical situations, the automated assistance role of the defibrillator device may also be emphasized in the scheme of this application.

[0129] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, step S400 above, which is the second working mode, controls the automated external defibrillator to stop the cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt and continues to perform heart rhythm analysis, may include the following step S420.

[0130] The S420, in response to user commands received via the manual operation interface, forces the automated external defibrillator (AED) to switch back from the second operating mode to the first operating mode. This allows rescuers to proactively restart the rescue process at any time in monitored mode, ensuring ultimate control and operational flexibility in emergency situations.

[0131] Specifically, while the device automatically monitors in monitoring mode and switches back to rescue mode upon detecting a dangerous heart rhythm, emergency situations are complex. Rescuers may, based on direct clinical observation (such as convulsions or worsening cyanosis), deem the situation critical and require immediate CPR, unwilling to wait for the device's next analysis cycle. This solution retains a "safe exit" or "skip-off" channel. Regardless of the device's current analysis results, as long as the user issues a forced switch command through a preset manual operation interface (such as quickly double-clicking a specific button or pressing two buttons simultaneously), the device's control logic must respond immediately. This command has higher priority than the automatic analysis logic, and the device will unconditionally exit the second operating mode and immediately switch back to the first operating mode to begin guiding CPR or preparing for defibrillation. This function returns the final decision-making power to the on-site rescuer, ensuring that in special circumstances where the device's sensors may be limited, or the algorithm may have delays or omissions, human emergency intervention based on comprehensive judgment can take effect immediately, without delaying precious rescue opportunities due to the "waiting" of automated processes. This reflects the "human-led" safety concept in human-machine collaborative design.

[0132] In at least one embodiment of this application, the second operating mode is an operating mode that is activated after the automated external defibrillator has completed at least one defibrillation operation. The step of S300 regarding controlling the automated external defibrillator to switch to the second operating mode when it is determined based on heart rhythm analysis and under the user's confirmation operation command that the patient's status meets the second condition may include: responding to a manual triggering operation performed by the rescuer on the automated external defibrillator after confirming that the patient has regained spontaneous circulation.

[0133] Specifically, this solution provides a highly clinically relevant application example of the aforementioned general mode-switching method. For instance, in one scenario, a patient experiences cardiac arrest and, after at least one defibrillation attempt using an AED, is assessed by the rescuer (possibly a professional arriving at the scene) as having potentially regained spontaneous circulation (ROSC). At this point, although the patient has a heartbeat, they remain in a high-risk state and are at risk of recurrent ventricular fibrillation. Traditional AEDs either continue playing CPR prompts, creating interference, or are shut down. This solution defines a procedure specifically for this stage: after the previous analysis indicated an undefibrillable rhythm, the AED's second operating mode is enabled. Once the rescuer confirms ROSC, they actively command the device to enter the second operating mode—a "continuous monitoring mode" specifically designed for patients after ROSC—by performing a specific "manual trigger operation" (such as the aforementioned long-press combination). In this mode, the device remains silent but continuously analyzes the heart rhythm, thus playing a role similar to clinical monitoring, specifically targeting potential recurrences of ventricular fibrillation / tachycardia and preparing for immediate intervention.

[0134] In some embodiments of this application, the second operating mode is an operating mode activated after the automated external defibrillator (AED) has completed at least one defibrillation operation. Step S300, which involves controlling the AED to switch to the second operating mode when the result of heart rhythm analysis meets the second condition, upon user confirmation or confirmation that the patient's condition meets the set conditions, may include: a manual triggering operation performed by the rescuer on the AED after confirming the patient has regained spontaneous circulation. Specifically, in a scenario of "pre-hospital ROSC monitoring," a patient experiences cardiac arrest and, after at least one defibrillation and other resuscitation efforts using an AED, is assessed by the rescuer (possibly a professional arriving at the scene) as having likely regained spontaneous circulation (ROSC). At this time, although the patient has a heartbeat, they are still in a high-risk state and may experience ventricular fibrillation again at any time. Traditional AEDs either continue to loop CPR prompts, creating interference, or are turned off. This protocol defines a specific procedure for this stage: after the previous analysis indicated an undefibrillable rhythm, the AED's second operating mode is enabled. Once the rescuer confirms ROSC (Recurrent Rhythm Suppression), they actively command the AED to enter its second operating mode—a "continuous monitoring mode" specifically designed for patients after ROSC—by performing a specific "manual trigger operation" (such as the aforementioned long-press combination). In this mode, the device remains silent but continuously analyzes the heart rhythm, thus serving a similar function to clinical monitoring, specifically targeting any potential recurrence of ventricular fibrillation / tachycardia and preparing for immediate intervention.

[0135] For example, manual triggering operations include sequentially pressing and holding the same function button on the automated external defibrillator (AED) followed by a short press. Specifically, this scheme defines a compound operation of "long press followed by short press." The long press operation typically needs to last for a certain period of time (e.g., 3 seconds), which itself serves as a filter to prevent accidental touches and gives the user confirmation period for their intended action. Immediately following the long press is a short press as a final confirmation of activation. This operation sequence is concise (involving only one button) but has a clear rhythm and intent, making it easy for rescuers to master through training. It differs from conventional rescue process control and is distinct from device power on / off; it is a dedicated command designed for this specific scenario. This specific operational definition makes the technical solution described in this embodiment clearer and more complete at the implementation level, providing a clear basis for human-computer interaction design.

[0136] In other embodiments of this application, the automated external defibrillator (AED) is configured in association with a sudden cardiac death risk warning device. The control method may further include: before controlling the AED to switch to a second operating mode, in response to receiving a warning signal from the warning device, automatically controlling the AED. For example, after the AED is automatically controlled, it is allowed to enter and remain in the second operating mode. It should be noted that after being controlled, the AED is not limited to entering the second operating mode and can enter other modes under control. Thus, by linking the AED's continuous monitoring mode with the cardiac risk warning system, an active protection closed loop is constructed, from risk prediction and warning to device pre-setup and immediate defibrillation. Specifically, the AED of this application can be upgraded from a traditional "emergency response" mode to an "active protection" system for high-risk groups of sudden cardiac death. The system comprises two core components: first, a cardiac sudden death risk warning device (such as an implantable cycle recorder or wearable ECG monitor) for long-term monitoring and identification of high-risk arrhythmias; and second, a portable AED supporting continuous monitoring mode. When the warning device detects a precursor to a malignant arrhythmia that may develop into ventricular fibrillation or an extremely high-risk condition, it sends a warning signal to the associated portable AED via a wireless network. Upon receiving this signal, the AED does not initiate the traditional rescue procedure with CPR prompts (because the patient may not yet have experienced cardiac arrest), but automatically enters and maintains a second operating mode (continuous monitoring mode). In this mode, the AED continuously analyzes the patient's heart rhythm through its electrode pads while remaining silent and not interfering with the user. Once the warning becomes a reality—that is, the patient actually experiences ventricular fibrillation—the AED in monitoring mode can identify and immediately perform defibrillation with minimal delay (without the initial analysis-CPR cycle). This achieves a seamless transition from "warning" to "immediate defibrillation," significantly shortening the time from onset to the first shock.

[0137] Regarding the control method provided above in this application, a scenario is assumed to describe at least one specific application of an automated external defibrillator.

[0138] Suppose a middle-aged man suddenly collapses and loses consciousness in a public place. Two trained rescuers are present. Rescuer A immediately begins chest compressions. Rescuer B retrieves an automated external defibrillator (AED) equipped with the functions described in this application, quickly attaches the electrodes to the patient's chest, and the AED automatically enters its first operating mode upon activation.

[0139] The AED first performs a heart rhythm analysis (step S100), and the analysis result shows ventricular fibrillation (meeting the first condition). It then enters its first operating mode and provides a voice prompt "Shock recommended" (step S200). Rescuer B presses the shock button, and the AED successfully performs defibrillation. After the shock, the AED automatically begins a two-minute CPR prompt phase, emitting a rhythmic tone to guide rescuer A to continue compressions.

[0140] During compressions, the AED continuously analyzes the heart rhythm. Thanks to an adaptive filtering algorithm, the AED can obtain relatively clear ECG signals even with compression interference. After approximately one minute of compressions, the patient regained spontaneous circulation, and a carotid pulse was palpable. At this point, the AED's continuous analysis showed that the heart rhythm had switched to sinus rhythm (not shockable). Simultaneously, the device detected that it was in the CPR phase and that the current heart rhythm was not critical, thus fulfilling the enabling conditions.

[0141] Rescuer A notices the patient groaning and moving limbs, determining that spontaneous circulation (ROSC) may have been restored. At this point, Rescuer B, following the device's instructions, presses and holds the function button for 3 seconds. The AED announces, "If the patient has regained spontaneous circulation, please press the function button again to enter continuous monitoring mode," while the indicator light flashes (step S310). Rescuer B then briefly presses the function button again within 3 seconds (step S320). The AED responds to this action, switching to the second operating mode, announcing "Continuous monitoring mode," and the indicator light turns solid (steps S330, S400).

[0142] After entering the second working mode, the AED stopped the annoying pressing rhythm, allowing the patient to rest in a quiet environment. However, the AED was not turned off, but continued to monitor the patient's heart rhythm in the background (step S400). Every minute, the AED would quietly announce "Shock not recommended" (step S410), letting the rescuer know that the device was working properly and the patient's heart rhythm was stable.

[0143] However, a few minutes later, the patient's heart rhythm deteriorated again. The AED's continuous monitoring in its second operating mode immediately identified a new ventricular fibrillation (meeting the first condition again). The device immediately and automatically emitted an alarm sound (like a "beep beep beep") and instantly switched back to the first operating mode, providing a "shock recommended" prompt (step S500). There was virtually no delay from recognition to the prompt. Rescuer B pressed the shock button again, performing a second defibrillation. Because the response time from recurrence to defibrillation was significantly shortened, the patient once again had a chance to be resuscitated.

[0144] Throughout the process, the rescuer maintains control. For example, in continuous monitoring mode, if the rescuer believes that compressions need to be restarted based on clinical observation (such as the patient's face turning cyanotic again), even if the AED does not indicate that a shock is possible, the rescuer can manually switch the AED back to rescue mode by pressing and holding the function button for 3 seconds (step S420).

[0145] In this scenario, this application significantly improves the intelligence of AEDs and their alignment with clinical needs. Specifically, it eliminates invalid and interfering CPR prompts after the patient's ROSC (Recovery of Heart Surgery), facilitating patient recovery; when the patient's heart rhythm deteriorates again during monitoring, it achieves "zero waiting time" from recognition to initiating rescue, overcoming the fatal delay of traditional AEDs that must wait for the fixed CPR phase to end, thus buying precious time to save lives; and through a safe human-computer interaction design, it leverages the device's intelligent assistance advantages while ensuring the rescuer's final decision-making authority.

[0146] At least one embodiment of this application provides a control device for an automated external defibrillator, such as Figure 8 As shown, the control device includes an analysis module 10, a first control module 21, a first switching module 31, a second control module 22, and a second switching module 32. The analysis module 10 is configured to perform cardiac rhythm analysis on the patient during the operation of the automated external defibrillator (AED). The first control module 21 is configured to control the AED to maintain in a first operating mode, or to control the AED to enter the first operating mode when the patient's condition is determined to meet a first condition based on cardiac rhythm analysis. In the first operating mode, the AED executes a rescue process including alternating cardiac rhythm analysis and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt phases. The first switching module 31 is configured to control the AED to switch to a second operating mode when the patient's condition is determined to meet a second condition based on cardiac rhythm analysis and with the user's confirmation command. The second control module 22 is configured to control the AED to stop CPR prompts and continue cardiac rhythm analysis in the second operating mode. The second switching module 32 is configured to control the AED to switch back from the second operating mode to the first operating mode when the patient's condition is identified through continuous cardiac rhythm analysis in the second operating mode or in response to the user's switching command. This control device solves the technical problem of traditional AEDs being unable to adapt to changes in patient status or condition due to their fixed procedures by dynamically switching between a first working mode and a second working mode based on the patient's real-time physiological state. The problems solved, functions, principles, and potential functional improvements of this control device can be found in the relevant descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0147] At least one embodiment of this application provides an electronic device, such as... Figure 9As shown, the electronic device 1 includes a processor 2 (which may be at least one) and a memory 3. The memory 3 is used to store executable instructions (e.g., application programs) of the processor 2. The application programs stored in the memory 3 may include one or more modules, each corresponding to a set of instructions. The processor 2 is configured to execute instructions for performing the control methods described in the above embodiments.

[0148] Electronic device 1 may also include a power supply component configured to perform power management of electronic device 1, a wired or wireless network interface configured to connect electronic device 1 to a network, and an input / output (I / O) interface. Electronic device 1 may operate on an operating system stored in memory 3, such as Windows Server™, Mac OS X™, Unix™, Linux™, FreeBSD™, or similar.

[0149] At least one embodiment of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the control method described above. The storage medium can be any combination of one or more readable media. A readable medium can be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. A readable storage medium can be, for example, including but not limited to, electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of readable storage media (a non-exhaustive list) include: electrical connections with one or more wires, portable disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0150] At least one embodiment of this application provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the control method described in the above embodiments. Specifically, the computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the control method needs to be executed, the processor can read the computer program from the computer-readable storage medium and load it into memory for execution, thereby driving related hardware devices to perform operations according to the steps, processes, and logic described in the above embodiments. The computer program product can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​to execute the operations of the embodiments of this application. The programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on a user computing device, partially on a user device, as a standalone software package, partially on a user computing device and partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server.

[0151] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0152] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0153] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0154] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0155] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0156] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program verification codes, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0157] Furthermore, it should be noted that the combination of the various technical features in this case is not limited to the combination methods described in the claims of this case or the combination methods described in the specific embodiments. All technical features described in this case can be freely combined or combined in any way, unless they contradict each other.

[0158] It should be understood that the qualifiers such as "first" and "second" mentioned in the embodiments of this application are only for the purpose of more clearly describing the use of the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0159] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this specification and is not intended to limit this specification. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions made within the spirit and principles of this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this specification.

Claims

1. A control method for an automated external defibrillator, characterized in that, include: During the operation of the automated external defibrillator, the patient's heart rhythm is analyzed; The automated external defibrillator is controlled to remain in a first operating mode, or when the patient's condition is determined to meet a first condition based on the heart rhythm analysis or when a user's switching instruction is present, the automated external defibrillator is controlled to enter the first operating mode, wherein, in the first operating mode, the automated external defibrillator executes a rescue process that includes alternating heart rhythm analysis phases and cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt phases. When the second condition is met based on the results of the heart rhythm analysis, the automated external defibrillator is controlled to switch to the second working mode upon confirmation of the user's operation command or confirmation that the patient's condition meets the set condition. In the second operating mode, the automated external defibrillator is controlled to stop the cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompts and continue to perform the heart rhythm analysis; Determine whether the switching conditions are met. The switching conditions include identifying, through the continuous heart rate analysis in the second working mode, whether the patient's status meets the first condition or whether there is a user's switching instruction.

2. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the result of the heart rhythm analysis meets the second condition, upon user confirmation or confirmation that the patient's condition meets the set condition, the automated external defibrillator is controlled to switch to the second operating mode, including: When the automated external defibrillator is in the first working mode and a preset enabling condition is detected, it enters the instruction receiving preparation stage. Receive confirmation commands from the user; In response to the confirmation operation command, a switch is performed from the first operating mode to the second operating mode.

3. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The enabling conditions include: currently in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt stage of the first working mode, and the preset heart rate analysis result indicates that the patient's heart rhythm is a non-cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention heart rhythm type, wherein the preset heart rate analysis result is one or a combination of at least the most recent heart rate analysis result, the current heart rate analysis result, and the heart rate analysis result within the most recent preset time period; Preferably, the heart rhythm types for cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention include heart rhythm types that meet the criteria for defibrillation, cardiac arrest, and extreme bradycardia with a heart rate below a preset threshold. Heart rhythm types that meet the criteria for defibrillation include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT).

4. The control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, When the automated external defibrillator is in the first working mode and the preset enabling condition is met, it enters the instruction receiving preparation stage, including generating and outputting mode switching prompt information to guide the user to confirm. The step of receiving a confirmation operation instruction input by the user in response to the mode switching prompt information includes: receiving a confirmation operation instruction input by the user in response to the mode switching prompt information; Preferably, the output mode switching prompt information includes: outputting a confirmation that the patient has resumed spontaneous loop voice playback; More preferably, the automated external defibrillator includes an indicator light, wherein the mode switching prompt information further includes: controlling the indicator light to flash while outputting the voice broadcast.

5. The control method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The user confirmation operation instruction in step S320 refers to receiving at least one specific operation on the function button on the automated external defibrillator within a preset time window after entering the instruction receiving preparation. Preferably, The specific operation is performed once and includes: pressing the function button for a first predetermined duration; or The specific operation is at least twice consecutively, and includes: firstly, pressing and holding the function button for a first predetermined duration; then, pressing the same function button again for a third predetermined duration within a second predetermined duration; preferably, the first predetermined duration is greater than or equal to the third predetermined duration.

6. The control method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, During the operation of the automated external defibrillator, the patient's heart rhythm is analyzed, including: Simultaneously acquire the patient's electrocardiogram signals and reference signals related to chest compressions; An adaptive filtering algorithm is used to filter the ECG signal in real time using the reference signal in order to suppress or eliminate interference noise introduced by the compression action; The heart rhythm analysis is performed based on the filtered electrocardiogram signal. Preferably, the reference signal includes: The chest impedance change signal obtained by measuring the electrode pads of the automated external defibrillator; or Accelerometer data characterizing compression actions, acquired through an external or built-in cardiopulmonary resuscitation feedback device, and calculated compression frequency and / or compression depth information.

7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of performing cardiac rhythm analysis on the patient during the operation of the automated external defibrillator also includes: If the current heart rhythm determined by real-time analysis of the filtered ECG signal is a shockable rhythm, then the current cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt is immediately interrupted; the automated external defibrillator is controlled to switch to the heart rhythm analysis phase to prepare for and perform defibrillation; or If the current heart rhythm determined by real-time analysis of the filtered ECG signal is a shock-prohibited rhythm, continue the current CPR prompts; or If the current heart rate determined by real-time analysis of the filtered electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is an uncertain heart rate, the current cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompt is immediately interrupted; heart rate analysis continues on the patient, and the ECG signal is used to determine whether the current heart rate is a shockable heart rate; if it is determined to be a shockable heart rate, the current CPR prompt is immediately interrupted, and the automated external defibrillator (AED) is switched to the heart rate analysis phase to prepare for and perform defibrillation; if it is determined to be an unshockable heart rate, the current CPR prompt continues.

8. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of performing cardiac rhythm analysis on the patient during the operation of the automated external defibrillator also includes: After the automated external defibrillator switches to the heart rhythm analysis phase and performs defibrillation, the defibrillation operations are counted. After the number of defibrillation attempts exceeds the preset limit, the defibrillation operation is stopped.

9. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the second operating mode, controlling the automated external defibrillator to stop the cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompts and continue performing the heart rhythm analysis includes: when the continuously performed heart rhythm analysis result is a non-shockable rhythm, periodically outputting device status prompt information to the user at preset time intervals; or The automated external defibrillator has a manual operation interface, wherein, in the second operating mode, controlling the automated external defibrillator to stop the cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt and continue to perform the heart rhythm analysis further includes: responding to a user command received through the manual operation interface to control the automated external defibrillator to forcibly switch back from the second operating mode to the first operating mode.

10. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The patient status information includes ROSC status information indicating that the patient has resumed spontaneous circulation, wherein the ROSC status information is obtained in the following ways: The system receives the ROSC status information acquired by the automated external defibrillator; or, it receives a signal from an external physiological parameter monitoring device communicatively connected to the automated external defibrillator, and generates the ROSC status information based on the signal; preferably, the external physiological parameter monitoring device includes a blood pressure monitor, an end-tidal carbon dioxide monitor, a pulse oximeter, and a monitoring device; or The system receives a signal generated by a recovery of circulation signs detection module integrated into the automated external defibrillator (AED) body, and generates the ROSC status information based on the signal; preferably, the recovery of circulation signs detection module includes a pulse sensor and a perfusion index detection module.

11. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second operating mode is the operating mode activated after the automated external defibrillator (AED) has completed at least one defibrillation operation. The step of controlling the AED to switch to the second operating mode when the second condition is met based on the heart rhythm analysis result, upon user confirmation of the operation command or confirmation that the patient's condition meets the set conditions, includes: In response to a manual triggering action performed by a rescuer on the automated external defibrillator after confirming that the patient has regained spontaneous circulation; Preferably, the manual triggering operation includes a long press operation followed by a short press operation on the same function button on the automated external defibrillator.

12. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The automated external defibrillator is configured to be associated with a sudden cardiac death risk warning device, wherein the control method further includes: Before controlling the automated external defibrillator to switch to the second operating mode, in response to receiving a warning signal from the warning device, the automated external defibrillator is automatically controlled. Preferably, after the automated external defibrillator is automatically controlled, the automated external defibrillator is allowed to enter and remain in the second operating mode; Preferably, the first condition characterizes the type of heart rhythm requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention identified by the heart rhythm analysis; More preferably, the heart rhythm type requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation intervention includes at least one of the following: heart rhythm type that meets the criteria for defibrillation, cardiac arrest, and extreme bradycardia with a heart rate below a preset threshold. Among these, the heart rhythm type that meets the criteria for defibrillation includes ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). More preferably, the preset threshold includes 30 bpm or 40 bpm.

13. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second condition indicates that the automated external defibrillator is in the cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt stage of the first operating mode and the patient is in a state of non-shockable rhythm. Preferably, the state of non-shockable rhythm includes: receiving a mode switching confirmation command input by the user; and / or receiving physiological parameter signals characterizing the patient's circulatory recovery from an external physiological monitoring device communicatively connected to the automated external defibrillator.

14. The control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prompts in the rescue process include providing beat sounds that conform to standard first aid guidelines to guide rescuers in performing chest compressions.

15. A control device for an automated external defibrillator, characterized in that, include: The analysis module is configured to perform cardiac rhythm analysis on the patient during the operation of the automated external defibrillator; The first control module is configured to control the automated external defibrillator to maintain in a first working mode, or to control the automated external defibrillator to enter the first working mode when the patient's condition is determined to meet the first condition based on the heart rhythm analysis or when there is a user's switching instruction. In the first working mode, the automated external defibrillator executes a rescue process that includes alternating heart rhythm analysis phases and cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompt phases. The first switching module is configured to control the automated external defibrillator to switch to the second working mode when the result of the heart rhythm analysis meets the second condition, based on the user's confirmation operation command or when the patient's condition meets the set condition. The second control module is configured to, in the second working mode, control the automated external defibrillator to stop the cardiopulmonary resuscitation prompts and continue to perform the heart rhythm analysis; The second switching module determines whether the switching conditions are met. The switching conditions include identifying, through continuous heart rate analysis in the second working mode, whether the patient's status meets the first condition or whether there is a user's switching command.

16. An automated external defibrillator, characterized in that, include: Electrode pads are used to collect electrocardiogram (ECG) signals from patients. Defibrillation circuits are used to generate and apply an electric shock; The prompting unit is used to output cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidance information; The control device as described in claim 15 is electrically connected to the electrode pads, the defibrillation circuit, and the prompting unit.

17. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: processor; Memory used to store the processor's executable instructions; The processor is used to execute the control method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

18. A computer-readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon, characterized in that, When the executable instructions are executed by the processor, they implement the control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

19. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the control method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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