Natural plant compound microcapsule for aquatic product transportation and keep-alive and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a natural plant compound microcapsule for keeping aquatic products alive during transportation. A core material of the compound microcapsule consists of effective components of three natural plants, namely lily, cortex albiziae and chrysanthemum. The compound microcapsule is prepared by mixing the raw materials according to a specific ratio, performing ultrasonic treatment, performing centrifugation, performing concentration, performing freeze drying and performing microencapsulation, so that the water quality can be effectively improved, and the survival rate of aquatic products in the transportation process is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aquaculture technology, and specifically relates to a natural plant complex microcapsule for the preservation of aquatic products during transportation and its application. Background Technology

[0002] With the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for fresh aquatic products is increasing, making the preservation of aquatic products during transportation a crucial link in improving the efficiency of aquaculture. Traditional aquatic product transportation methods often lead to water quality deterioration due to long-term transport, resulting in damage or death of aquatic products due to oxygen deficiency and stress reactions, reducing transportation efficiency and increasing production and operating costs. Therefore, maintaining water quality stability and reducing stress reactions in aquatic products during transportation has become an urgent problem to be solved. Currently, chemical reagents are widely used in the market to preserve the survival of aquatic products during transportation, such as the commonly used fish transport preservative tricaine mesylate. In addition, aquatic product preservation reagents in the experimental research stage are also mainly chemical preparations, such as 2-phenoxyethanol, ether, and ethanol. The use of chemical reagents poses a risk of residue, which may affect food safety and pose a potential threat to human health. Developing aquatic product transportation methods that can effectively improve the survival rate of aquatic products while maintaining food safety is an important direction for current technological research and development in the aquatic industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The main objective of this invention is to provide a natural plant complex microcapsule for preserving aquatic products during transportation. This complex microcapsule can effectively improve water quality and increase the survival rate of aquatic products during transportation.

[0004] Lily bulbs are considered both food and medicine, serving as both a culinary ingredient and a medicinal herb. They are believed to have lung-moistening, cough-relieving, and calming effects. Albizia bark, the bark of the Albizia julibrissin tree (a legume), is used to relieve depression, calm the mind, promote blood circulation, and reduce swelling. It is commonly used to treat symptoms such as restlessness, depression, insomnia, and lung abscesses. Chrysanthemums are rich in flavonoids, possessing various physiological activities including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. These three plants each possess unique physiological activities; combining them not only enhances their individual effects but may also synergistically reduce transport stress in aquatic animals, thereby improving the survival rate of transported aquatic products.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a natural plant complex microcapsule for preserving aquatic products during transportation is provided, wherein the core material of the complex microcapsule is composed of the effective components of three natural plants: lily, mimosa bark, and chrysanthemum.

[0006] Specifically, the preparation method of the complex microcapsules includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Lily, Albizia bark and chrysanthemum are washed, dried and crushed for later use; (2) Preparation of aqueous extracts: Water extracts were used to extract lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum respectively to obtain their respective aqueous extracts; (3) Preparation of composite solution: Mix the aqueous extracts of lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum in a certain proportion to form a composite solution; (4) Preparation of ultrasonic water extract: The composite solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment and then centrifuged. (5) Preparation of concentrated solution: The ultrasonic water extract is concentrated; (6) Preparation of composite powder: The concentrated solution was freeze-dried to obtain composite powder; (7) Preparation of composite microcapsules: Add the composite powder to a mixed solvent of ethanol and water and stir thoroughly until completely dissolved; then mix this solution with the wall material solution and stir evenly; then dry it using a spray drying device, and collect the resulting powder as composite microcapsules.

[0007] Further, step (2) specifically involves: preparation of lily water extract: take a certain amount of lily powder, add distilled water at a ratio of 1g:15-20mL, boil, then simmer for 30-60 minutes; filter to remove solid residue, cool the filtrate to room temperature and store at 0-4℃ for later use. The preparation methods for Albizia bark extract and chrysanthemum extract are the same as above.

[0008] Further, step (3) specifically involves mixing the water extracts of lily, albizia bark, and chrysanthemum in a volume ratio of (1-2):(1-2):(1-2), stirring until homogeneous, letting stand for 30-60 minutes, and then filtering to obtain a composite solution.

[0009] Furthermore, step (4) specifically includes: Step (4-1): The prepared composite solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 35 kHz and a temperature of 40 ℃. After treatment for 15 minutes, the treatment is stopped for 10 minutes, and then the treatment is continued for another 15 minutes. Step (4-2): Transfer the treated solution to a centrifuge and separate it at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes to remove suspended particles and plant fragments from the solution and obtain an ultrasonic water extract.

[0010] Furthermore, step (5) specifically involves: The ultrasonic water extract was poured into a concentration tank, the vacuum degree was set to -0.07MPa, and the water bath temperature was set to 80℃, so that the solution was concentrated to one-quarter of the initial volume. Concentration was then stopped to obtain the concentrated solution.

[0011] Furthermore, step (6) specifically involves: The concentrate was placed in a freezer bottle and frozen at -20°C for 24 hours. The freezer bottle was then connected to a freeze dryer, and the cold trap temperature was set to -50°C and the drying chamber pressure to 60 Pa. The mixture was dried for 12 hours to obtain the composite powder.

[0012] Further, step (7) specifically involves: adding the composite powder to a mixed solvent of 70% ethanol and 30% water at a ratio of 1g:5mL, and stirring thoroughly until completely dissolved; then mixing this solution with a wall material solution containing 10% gum arabic and 5% gelatin at a mass ratio of 1:2 and stirring evenly; subsequently drying using a spray drying device under conditions of an inlet air temperature of 150℃, an outlet air temperature of 75℃, and a flow rate of 8mL / min, and collecting the resulting powder as the composite microcapsules, which are then stored at 4℃ for later use.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the present invention, the application of the natural plant complex microcapsules described in the first aspect of the present invention in the survival preservation process during the transportation of aquatic products, particularly crustaceans such as the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Specifically, before the transportation of aquatic products, the complex microcapsules prepared according to the present invention are directly added to the aquaculture water to improve water quality and increase the survival rate of aquatic products. When used, the preferred application concentration range is 1 g / L to 10 g / L.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Natural ingredients, safe and environmentally friendly (1) Specific innovation: This invention utilizes the effective components of three natural plants, namely lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum, to replace traditional chemical additives, avoid the risk of chemical reagent residues, and solve the environmental pollution and food safety problems that chemical reagents may cause.

[0015] (2) Problems solved: Chemical reagents may leave residues during use, posing potential harm to aquatic products and consumer health, while the natural plant compound of the present invention can avoid these problems.

[0016] 2. Microencapsulation technology for sustained-release and long-lasting effects. (1) Specific innovations: Microcapsules can effectively encapsulate the heat-sensitive and photosensitive components in the composite powder, preventing them from decomposing or becoming ineffective during storage and use, and extending the product's shelf life; in addition, microcapsules can achieve sustained release of the complex, reducing the need for frequent administration; microencapsulated powders are easy to disperse and mix, making them convenient for practical applications and suitable for various usage methods.

[0017] (2) Problem solved: Traditional plant extract powders are prone to inactivation during storage and use. Microencapsulation technology protects the active ingredients, extends the shelf life and duration of action, and improves the convenience of application.

[0018] 3. Compound formula, synergistic and efficient (1) Specific innovations: Lily has a calming effect, Albizia bark has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and Chrysanthemum has various physiological activities such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The combination of these three plant extracts has a synergistic effect, which can better reduce animal stress, regulate water quality, and thus improve the survival rate of aquatic products.

[0019] (2) Problem solved: The effect of a single component is often too singular, while the synergistic effect of the three components of the present invention can play a more effective role.

[0020] 4. Easy to prepare and simple to use (1) Specific innovation: The complex provided by this invention is easy to prepare, convenient to use, and suitable for large-scale application. The preparation method includes simple steps such as boiling, ultrasonic treatment, centrifugation, concentration, and freeze drying. It is easy to use as it is directly mixed with water.

[0021] (2) Problem solved: The complex preparation process limits practical application, while the preparation method of the present invention is simple and easy to scale up production and application.

[0022] 5. Wide concentration range, more flexible application (1) Specific innovation: This invention provides a suitable concentration range, which not only ensures the survival effect but also avoids the waste caused by excessive use, and the application is more flexible.

[0023] (2) Problem solved: Too high a concentration will lead to waste, while too low a concentration will not achieve the expected effect. The concentration range of the present invention is reasonable, which ensures the best survival effect.

[0024] 6. Highly malleable and widely applicable. (1) Specific innovation: The complex microcapsules of the present invention are not only applicable to crustaceans such as red swamp crayfish, but can also be extended to the transportation and preservation of other aquatic products, such as fish and shellfish.

[0025] (2) Problem solved: Single-purpose preservatives limit their application scope, while the complex microcapsules of the present invention have wide applicability and can be applied to the transportation and preservation of various aquatic products.

[0026] In summary, the natural plant complex microcapsules developed in this invention have high practical value. They can not only effectively improve water quality and increase the survival rate of aquatic products, but also have a simple and feasible preparation method that is easy to industrialize. Furthermore, these complex microcapsules are simple to use, safe, and environmentally friendly, and have broad prospects for promotion and application. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The preparation process of the natural plant complex microcapsules for preserving aquatic products during transportation according to the present invention is described below through specific embodiments, and a comparative analysis of the effects is performed through comparative examples. The preparation methods of the complex microcapsules or single-substance microcapsules involved in each embodiment and comparative example mainly include the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Lily, Albizia bark and chrysanthemum are washed, dried and crushed for later use; (2) Preparation of aqueous extracts: Water extracts were used to extract lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum respectively to obtain their respective aqueous extracts; (3) Preparation of composite solution: Mix the aqueous extracts of lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum in a certain proportion to form a composite solution; (4) Preparation of ultrasonic water extract: The composite solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment and then centrifuged. (5) Preparation of concentrated solution: The ultrasonic water extract is concentrated; (6) Preparation of composite powder: freeze-dry the concentrated solution to obtain composite powder.

[0028] (7) Preparation of composite microcapsules: Add the composite powder to a mixed solvent of ethanol and water and stir thoroughly until completely dissolved; then mix this solution with the wall material solution and stir evenly; then dry it using a spray drying device, and collect the resulting powder as composite microcapsules.

[0029] The preparation process of the aqueous extracts of the three natural plant raw materials involved in steps (1)-(2) is as follows: 1.1 Preparation of Lily Aqueous Extract After cleaning and removing impurities, place the lily bulbs in a well-ventilated and dry place to air dry or use a drying device (temperature not exceeding 50℃) to dry them. After drying, place the lilies in a sealed bag and refrigerate at 4℃ for later use. Use a grinder to grind the dried lilies into fine particles, sieve them through a 60-mesh sieve, and refrigerate the sieved material at 4℃ for later use.

[0030] Take lily powder, add distilled water at a ratio of 1g:15mL, stir well, boil, then simmer for 30 minutes; after cooling the filtrate to room temperature, store it at 4℃ for later use.

[0031] 1.2 Preparation of Albizia bark aqueous extract After cleaning and removing impurities, place the Albizia bark in a well-ventilated and dry place to air dry or use a drying device (temperature not exceeding 50℃) to dry it. Place the dried Albizia bark in a sealed bag and refrigerate at 4℃ for later use. Grind the dried Albizia bark into fine particles using a grinder, sieve through a 60-mesh sieve, and refrigerate the sieved material at 4℃ for later use. Take a certain amount of Albizia bark powder, add distilled water at a ratio of 1g:15mL, stir well, boil, then simmer over low heat for 30 minutes. After cooling the filtrate to room temperature, refrigerate at 4℃ for later use.

[0032] 1.3 Preparation of Chrysanthemum Aqueous Extract After washing and removing impurities, place the white chrysanthemums in a well-ventilated and dry place to air dry or use a drying device (temperature not exceeding 50℃) to dry them. Place the dried chrysanthemums in a sealed bag and refrigerate at 4℃ for later use. Grind the dried chrysanthemums into fine particles using a grinder, sieve through a 60-mesh screen, and refrigerate the sieved material at 4℃ for later use. Take a certain amount of chrysanthemum powder, add distilled water at a ratio of 1g:15mL, stir well, boil, then simmer over low heat for 30 minutes. After cooling the filtrate to room temperature, refrigerate at 4℃ for later use.

[0033] The specific preparation process of the complex microcapsules (or single-component microcapsules) involved in steps (4)-(7) is as follows: Step 4-1: The prepared composite solution (or single solution) is subjected to ultrasonic treatment (ultrasonic frequency 35kHz, temperature 40℃). The treatment time is divided into two segments, each lasting 15 minutes, with a 10-minute break in between, to prevent over-treatment from causing degradation of the active ingredients. Step 4-2: Transfer the treated solution to a centrifuge and separate it at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes to remove suspended particles and plant fragments from the solution, and obtain an ultrasonic water extract. Store it at 4°C for later use.

[0034] Step 5: Transfer the ultrasonic water extract into a concentration tank, start the vacuum concentration device, set the vacuum degree to -0.07 MPa, and adjust the water bath temperature to 80℃. Through vacuum concentration, concentrate the solution to one-quarter of its initial volume to obtain the required concentrated solution, and store it at 4℃ for later use.

[0035] Step 6: Transfer the concentrate to a freezer flask and pre-freeze it at -20°C for 24 hours. After pre-freezing, connect the freezer flask to a freeze dryer, set the cold trap temperature to -50°C and the drying chamber pressure to 60Pa, and freeze-dry for 12 hours to obtain a dry powder, which is then stored at 4°C for later use.

[0036] Step 7: Add the above powder to a mixed solvent containing 70 vol% ethanol and 30 vol% water at a ratio of 1 g: 5 mL, and stir thoroughly until completely dissolved. Then, mix this solution with a wall material solution (solvent: water) containing 10 wt% gum arabic and 5 wt% gelatin at a mass ratio of 1:2 and stir until homogeneous. Subsequently, dry the mixture using a spray dryer at an inlet air temperature of 150°C, an outlet air temperature of 75°C, and a flow rate of 8 mL / min. The resulting powder is the composite microcapsule, which should be stored at 4°C for later use.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] This embodiment discloses a complex microcapsule (Group ABC-1), the core material of which is a composite powder containing lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum components.

[0039] Preparation steps (1)-(2), (4)-(7) are described above. Step (3) is as follows: The aqueous extracts of lily, albizia bark, and chrysanthemum were mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1, stirred evenly, allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and then filtered to obtain a composite solution for later use.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] This embodiment discloses a complex microcapsule (Group ABC-2), the core material of which is a composite powder containing lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum components.

[0042] Preparation steps (1)-(2), (4)-(7) are described above. Step (3) is as follows: The aqueous extracts of lily, albizia bark, and chrysanthemum were mixed in a ratio of 2:1:1, stirred evenly, allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and then filtered to obtain a composite solution for later use.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] This embodiment discloses a complex microcapsule (Group ABC-3), the core material of which is a composite powder containing lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum components.

[0045] Preparation steps (1)-(2), (4)-(7) are described above. Step (3) is as follows: The aqueous extracts of lily, albizia bark, and chrysanthemum were mixed in a ratio of 1:2:1, stirred evenly, allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and then filtered to obtain a composite solution for later use.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] This embodiment discloses a complex microcapsule (Group ABC-4), the core material of which is a composite powder containing lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum components.

[0048] Preparation steps (1)-(2), (4)-(7) are described above. Step (3) is as follows: The aqueous extracts of lily, albizia bark, and chrysanthemum were mixed in a ratio of 1:1:2, stirred evenly, allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and then filtered to obtain a composite solution for later use.

[0049] Compare with Example 1 This comparative example discloses a single-component microcapsule (Group A) whose core material contains only percentage components.

[0050] Preparation steps (1)-(2), (4)-(7) are described above; step (3) is omitted, and step (4) is performed by directly using a single lily water extract for ultrasonication.

[0051] Compare with Example 2 This comparative example discloses a single-component microcapsule (Group B) whose core material contains only Albizia bark.

[0052] Preparation steps (1)-(2), (4)-(7) are described above; step (3) is omitted, and step (4) is performed by directly using a single Albizia bark water extract for ultrasonication.

[0053] Compare with Example 3 This comparative example discloses a single-component microcapsule (Group C) whose core material contains only chrysanthemum components.

[0054] Preparation steps (1)-(2), (4)-(7) are described above; step (3) is omitted, and step (4) is performed by directly using a single chrysanthemum water extract for ultrasonication.

[0055] Compare with Example 4 This embodiment discloses a dual-component complex microcapsule (Group AC), the core material of which is a composite powder containing lily and chrysanthemum components.

[0056] Preparation steps (1)-(2), (4)-(7) are described above. Step (3) is as follows: Mix the lily water extract and chrysanthemum water extract in a 1:1 ratio, stir well, let stand for 30 minutes, and then filter to obtain a composite solution for later use.

[0057] Compare with Example 5 This embodiment discloses a dual-component complex microcapsule (Group AB), the core material of which is a composite powder containing lily and acacia bark components.

[0058] Preparation steps (1)-(2), (4)-(7) are described above. Step (3) is as follows: The aqueous extracts of lily and albizia bark were mixed in a 1:1 ratio, stirred evenly, allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and then filtered to obtain a composite solution for later use.

[0059] Compare with Example 6 This embodiment discloses a dual-component complex microcapsule (Group BC), the core material of which is a composite powder containing Albizia bark and chrysanthemum components.

[0060] Preparation steps (1)-(2), (4)-(7) are described above. Step (3) is as follows: Mix the aqueous extracts of Albizia bark and Chrysanthemum in a 1:1 ratio, stir well, let stand for 30 minutes, and then filter to obtain a composite solution for later use.

[0061] Compare with Example 7 No powder ingredients were added; only distilled water was used as a control group.

[0062] Aquatic transport experiments were conducted on the above four sets of examples and seven sets of control examples. The microcapsules were directly added to the culture water to simulate the aquatic transport process, and the effect of the complex was recorded to verify the effect of the complex in reducing transport stress and metabolic rate in red swamp crayfish. The effect was evaluated by changes in water quality indicators (pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite) and the survival time of crayfish during transport.

[0063] Healthy red swamp crayfish, weighing approximately 18±1g, were selected and placed in glass tanks. Aerated and dechlorinated tap water was added, ensuring the water level just submerged the crayfish's backs. The crayfish were then starved for 24 hours. The experimental method involved setting up 11 plastic tanks, corresponding to 4 examples and 7 controls. Each tank contained 6L of aerated and illuminated tap water. Healthy crayfish of uniform size were gently placed into the water along the container wall to avoid direct falls and injury. Twenty crayfish were placed in each tank, with water submerging their backs, and the room temperature was maintained at 25°C. Then, 10g of the microcapsules prepared for the corresponding examples or controls were added; control example 7 only received distilled water. The plastic tanks containing the crayfish were placed on a shaker. Different shaking modes were set to simulate different road conditions during transportation, mimicking varying degrees of bumps. Initially, the shaking was set to 5 rpm for 72 hours, then increased to 10 rpm and continued for 48 hours. Water quality parameters, including pH, ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite levels, were tested every 24 hours. The average survival time of each group of crayfish was recorded over 5 days until the end of the experiment.

[0064] The pH test results are shown in Table 1. Examples 1-4 showed the smallest pH changes, indicating that the water treated with the triple compound of lily, mimosa bark, and chrysanthemum exhibited the best pH stability. Controls 4-6 showed lower pH changes than Controls 1-3, but still higher than Examples 1-4, indicating that the dual-component treatment group had some effect in mitigating pH changes, but was not as stable as the triple compound treatment group. Controls 1-3 showed relatively larger pH changes, but still lower than Control 7, indicating that the single-component treatment group could also mitigate the pH change trend to some extent, but was not as effective as the dual and triple compound treatment groups. Control 7, as a blank control group, showed the fastest pH decrease and the largest change, demonstrating significant water quality changes.

[0065]

[0066] The results of ammonia nitrogen content detection in the water are shown in Table 2. Examples 1-4 showed the smallest fluctuations in ammonia nitrogen content, consistently remaining at a low level. This indicates that the water treated with the triple compound of lily, mimosa bark, and chrysanthemum performed best in controlling ammonia nitrogen content. Control Examples 4-6 showed lower fluctuations in ammonia nitrogen content than Control Examples 1-3, but still higher than Examples 1-4, indicating that the dual-component treatment group had some effect in controlling ammonia nitrogen content, but was not as stable as the triple compound treatment group. Control Examples 1-3 showed higher fluctuations in ammonia nitrogen content, but still lower than Control Example 7, indicating that the single-component treatment group could also control ammonia nitrogen content to some extent, but not as effectively as the dual and triple compound treatment groups. Control Example 7, as a blank control group, showed the fastest increase and largest fluctuation in ammonia nitrogen content, demonstrating significant water quality changes.

[0067]

[0068] The results of nitrite detection in the water are shown in Table 3. Examples 1-4 showed the smallest fluctuations in nitrite content, consistently remaining at a low level. This indicates that the water treated with the triple compound of lily, mimosa bark, and chrysanthemum performed best in controlling nitrite content. The fluctuations in nitrite content in Control Examples 4-6 were lower than in Control Examples 1-3, but still higher than in Examples 1-4. This indicates that the dual-component treatment group had some effect in controlling nitrite content, but was not as stable as the triple compound treatment group. The fluctuations in nitrite content in Control Examples 1-3 were larger, but still lower than in Control Example 7. This indicates that the single-component treatment group could also control nitrite content to some extent, but was not as effective as the dual and triple compound treatment groups. Control Example 7, as a blank control group, showed the fastest increase and largest fluctuation in nitrite content, demonstrating significant water quality changes.

[0069]

[0070] The above data show that, except for Control Example 7, the changes in water quality indicators in other embodiments and control examples were suppressed, and the water quality was better than that of Control Example 7. This further illustrates that the application of the three components—lily, mimosa bark, and chrysanthemum—whether as a single component, a dual component, or a triple component, is beneficial for water quality control during the live transport of crayfish. Comparing the monitoring data of different embodiments and control examples at different time points, it was found that the changes in water quality indicators in Embodiments 1-4, which are combinations of the three components, were smaller than those in Control Examples 1-7 at 48h, 72h, 96h, and 120h, indicating that the combined application of the three components has a stronger synergistic effect and a better protective effect on water quality.

[0071] Table 4 shows the survival status and average survival time of crayfish. The changes in the number of surviving crayfish indicate that the survival rate of crayfish in Controls 1 to 6 gradually decreased over time, but the rate of decrease varied. Specifically, Control 7, as the blank control group, had a significantly higher mortality rate than other groups, with crayfish deaths occurring as early as day 1, and a survival rate of only 50% at day 5, indicating that the survival rate of crayfish decreased rapidly without any treatment. Controls 1 to 3, as single-component treatment groups, showed varying degrees of decline in survival rate over 5 days, with Control 3 having a slightly longer average survival time than Controls 1 and 2. Controls 4 to 6, as dual-component treatment groups, had a longer average survival time than Controls 1 to 3, suggesting that dual-component treatments may have a better survival retention effect than single-component treatments. All four examples (containing the triple-component combination of lily, chrysanthemum, and mimosa bark) achieved a 100% survival rate within 5 days, indicating that this compound is very effective in maintaining crayfish survival. This demonstrates that the combined use of lily, chrysanthemum, and mimosa bark can effectively improve the survival rate of *Procambarus clarkii*.

[0072]

[0073] The above experiments show that the microcapsules of the compound containing lily, mimosa bark, and chrysanthemum as active ingredients have better transport and preservation effects than microcapsules containing only a single or dual active ingredient. Lily, mimosa bark, and chrysanthemum have a synergistic effect, which can improve the transport and preservation effect. There was no significant difference in the aqueous preservation effect among the four examples, indicating that the volume ratio of the lily aqueous extract, mimosa bark aqueous extract, and chrysanthemum aqueous extract all have good synergistic effects within the range of 1:1:1 to 2:1:1.

[0074] The following is a gradient concentration water-based survival experiment of the complex from Example 1. To minimize the influence of the size of the red swamp crayfish on the experiment, the crayfish were selected based on similar body shape, intact appearance, active behavior, uniform size, and strong bodies. The weight range of the red swamp crayfish selected in this experiment was 18±1g, with 20 crayfish per group. The crayfish were placed in glass tanks, and tap water that had been aerated and dechlorinated by sunlight was added, ensuring the water level just submerged the crayfish's back. They were then temporarily starved for 24 hours. The experimental method was as follows: Eight plastic tanks were set up, each containing 6L of tap water that had been aerated and exposed to light. Healthy crayfish of uniform size were gently placed into the water along the container wall to avoid direct falls and injury. Twenty crayfish were placed in each tank, with the water submerging their backs, and the room temperature was maintained at 25°C. The complex microcapsules prepared in Example 1 were tested at final dilution concentrations of 0.1 g / L, 0.5 g / L, 1 g / L, 2 g / L, 3 g / L, 5 g / L, 10 g / L, and 100 g / L. Control Example 7 only added distilled water. Plastic tanks containing crayfish were placed on a shaker. Different shaking modes were set to simulate different road conditions that might be encountered during transportation, simulating different bump intensities. Initially, shaking was set at 5 rpm for 72 hours, then increased to 10 rpm and continued for 48 hours. The survival rate of crayfish in each group was recorded over 5 days. The results are shown in Table 5. Except for the 0.1 g / L, 0.5 g / L, and 100 g / L groups, the average survival time of the other concentration groups was 5 days. The average survival time of the 0.1 g / L and 0.5 g / L groups was slightly lower than that of the other groups, and the average survival time of the 100 g / L group was also slightly lower than 5 days. The blank control group had the lowest average survival time, approximately 3.3 days. These results show that the complex at appropriate concentrations (1 g / L to 10 g / L) can effectively increase the survival time of crayfish.

[0075]

[0076] The above experiments show that the triple compound microcapsules of the present invention, which use lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum as active ingredients, have a better survival effect than microcapsules with only one or two active ingredients. The compound of lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum has a certain synergistic effect and can improve the effect of water transport.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A natural plant complex microcapsule for preserving aquatic products during transportation, characterized in that, The core material of the complex microcapsules is composed of the effective components of three natural plants: lily, mimosa bark, and chrysanthemum.

2. The natural plant complex microcapsule according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the complex includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Lily, Albizia bark and chrysanthemum are washed, dried and crushed for later use; (2) Preparation of aqueous extracts: Water extracts were used to extract lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum respectively to obtain their respective aqueous extracts; (3) Preparation of composite solution: Mix the water extracts of lily, mimosa bark and chrysanthemum in a certain proportion to form a composite solution; (4) Preparation of ultrasonic water extract: The composite solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment and then centrifuged. (5) Preparation of concentrated solution: The ultrasonic water extract is concentrated; (6) Preparation of composite powder: The concentrated solution was freeze-dried to obtain composite powder; (7) Preparation of composite microcapsules: Add the composite powder to a mixed solvent of ethanol and water and stir thoroughly until completely dissolved; then mix this solution with the wall material solution and stir evenly; then dry it using a spray drying device, and collect the resulting powder as composite microcapsules.

3. The natural plant complex microcapsule according to claim 2, characterized in that, Step (2) is as follows: Preparation of lily water extract: Take a certain amount of lily powder, add distilled water at a ratio of 1g:15-20mL, boil, then simmer for 30-60 minutes; filter to remove solid residue, cool the filtrate to room temperature and store at 0-4℃ for later use. The preparation methods for the aqueous extracts of Albizia bark and Chrysanthemum are the same as above.

4. The natural plant complex microcapsule according to claim 3, characterized in that, Step (3) is as follows: Mix the water extracts of lily, albizia bark and chrysanthemum in a volume ratio of (1-2):(1-2):(1-2), stir evenly, let stand for 30-60 minutes and then filter to obtain a composite solution.

5. The natural plant complex microcapsule according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step (4) specifically includes: Step (4-1): The prepared composite solution is subjected to ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 35 kHz and a temperature of 40 ℃. After treatment for 15 minutes, the treatment is stopped for 10 minutes, and then the treatment is continued for another 15 minutes. Step (4-2): Transfer the treated solution to a centrifuge and separate it at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes to remove suspended particles and plant fragments from the solution and obtain an ultrasonic water extract.

6. The natural plant complex microcapsule according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step (5) is as follows: The ultrasonic water extract was poured into a concentration tank, the vacuum degree was set to -0.07MPa, and the water bath temperature was set to 80℃, so that the solution was concentrated to one-quarter of the initial volume. Concentration was then stopped to obtain the concentrated solution.

7. The natural plant complex microcapsule according to claim 6, characterized in that, Step (6) specifically involves: The concentrate was placed in a freezer bottle and frozen at -20°C for 24 hours. The freezer bottle was then connected to a freeze dryer, and the cold trap temperature was set to -50°C and the drying chamber pressure to 60 Pa. The mixture was dried for 12 hours to obtain the composite powder.

8. The natural plant complex microcapsule according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step (7) is as follows: Add the composite powder to a mixed solvent of 70% ethanol and 30% water at a ratio of 1g:5mL and stir thoroughly until completely dissolved; then mix this solution with a wall material solution containing 10% gum arabic and 5% gelatin at a mass ratio of 1:2 and stir evenly; then use a spray drying device to dry it under the conditions of inlet air temperature of 150℃, outlet air temperature of 75℃ and flow rate of 8mL / min, and collect the powder obtained as the composite microcapsules.

9. The application of a natural plant complex microcapsule according to any one of claims 1-8 in the transportation of aquatic products.

10. The application according to claim 9, wherein the aquatic product is a crustacean aquatic product.

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