Machining method of special-shaped part

Abstract

The invention relates to a machining method for a special-shaped part, belongs to the technical field of precision machining, and solves one of the problems that the special-shaped part is difficult to clamp, is easy to deform in the machining process and is low in machining precision in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps that S1, clamping convex lugs are prepared and installed to the edges of the two sides of the special-shaped part; s2, rough machining is conducted on the surface of the inner cavity, and discontinuous elastic support is provided for the protruding appearance face of the special-shaped part during machining; s3, rough machining is conducted on the appearance face, and discontinuous rigid support is provided for the surface of an inner cavity of the special-shaped part during machining; s4, finish machining is conducted on the surface of an inner cavity of the special-shaped part, and discontinuous rigid support is provided for the protruding appearance face of the special-shaped part during machining; and S5, the clamping convex lugs are removed. By arranging the clamping convex lugs, the problem that a special-shaped part is difficult to clamp is solved; and through a targeted discontinuous supporting mode in the rough machining stage and the finish machining stage, internal stress generated by machining cutting is reduced, and the overall machining precision is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of precision machining technology, and in particular to a method for machining irregularly shaped parts. Background Technology

[0002] The irregular-shaped part involved in this invention refers to a partially circumferential structure obtained by cutting and segmenting a thin-walled cylinder, which has an overall open shape and is not closed. Its structure is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the inner cavity surface includes an arc-shaped inner surface, an outwardly protruding arc-shaped outer surface, two ends, and two side edges. The inner cavity surface and the outer surface need to be machined separately.

[0003] Due to their irregular shape and contour, these irregularly shaped parts are difficult to clamp and position during processing. At the same time, due to their structural characteristics of axial length ≥1500mm and wall thickness ≤3mm, their overall rigidity is weak, making them prone to deformation during processing, which seriously restricts processing accuracy and product quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a processing method for irregularly shaped parts, in order to solve one of the problems of irregularly shaped parts being difficult to clamp, prone to deformation during processing, and having low processing accuracy.

[0005] On one hand, the present invention provides a method for processing irregularly shaped parts, comprising the following steps: S1: Prepare and install the clamping lugs to both sides of the irregular part; S2: Roughly machine the inner cavity surface of the irregular part, and provide discontinuous elastic support for the protruding outer surface of the irregular part during the machining process; S3: Roughly machine the outer surface of the irregular part, and provide discontinuous rigid support to the inner cavity surface of the irregular part during machining; S4: Perform precision machining on the inner cavity surface of the irregular part, and provide discontinuous rigid support for the protruding outer surface of the irregular part during machining; S5: Remove the clamping lug.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S1, the clamping lugs are fixedly connected to the two sides of the irregular part by welding.

[0007] Furthermore, two symmetrical positioning grooves are provided on the clamping lug.

[0008] Further, step S2 specifically includes: S21: adjusting the tooling fixture to the initial state; S22: placing the inner cavity surface of the irregular part onto the tooling fixture with the inner cavity surface facing upward.

[0009] Furthermore, step S2 also includes: S23: clamping and fixing the clamping lug by the clamping plate of the tooling fixture.

[0010] Furthermore, step S2 also includes: S24: providing discontinuous elastic support to the protruding outer surface of the irregular part through the tooling fixture.

[0011] Further, step S24 specifically includes: synchronously driving multiple parallel and spaced elastic support units, so that the support heads of the multiple elastic support units abut against different areas of the protruding outer surface of the irregular part with a preset pressure.

[0012] Further, step S3 specifically includes: S31: Installing a first quick-change rigid fixture on the rigid support unit of the tooling fixture, and adjusting the rigid support unit to a first height so that the upper convex support surface of the first quick-change rigid fixture can abut against the arc-shaped inner cavity surface of the irregular part that is installed in place.

[0013] Furthermore, step S3 also includes: S32: axially positioning the irregular part using a tooling fixture so that the outer surface of the irregular part faces upward.

[0014] Furthermore, step S3 also includes: S33: clamping and fixing the clamping lug by clamping the clamping plate of the tooling fixture.

[0015] Furthermore, step S32 also includes: compensating for the offset caused by the deformation of the irregular part by adjusting the height of the lower clamping plate in the tooling fixture.

[0016] Further, step S4 specifically includes: S41: disassembling the first quick-change rigid clamp and adjusting the rigid support unit to the second height, so that the first concave rigid support surface of the rigid support unit can abut against the protruding outer surface of the irregular part that is installed in place.

[0017] Furthermore, step S4 also includes: S42: placing the inner cavity surface of the irregular part upward on the tooling fixture; S43: clamping and processing the irregular part.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S5, the clamping lug is removed by milling.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention solves the problem of difficult clamping of irregular parts by setting clamping lugs on both sides of the irregular parts, thereby improving clamping efficiency; by using targeted discontinuous support methods in the roughing and finishing stages, it adapts to the stress characteristics of different processing stages, reduces the internal stress generated by cutting, reduces the deformation of irregular parts, and improves the overall processing accuracy; the processing flow is progressive, and the processing logic of roughing first and finishing later, combined with the switching of support methods, ensures the processing requirements of the wall thickness of irregular parts and adapts to the processing characteristics of thin-walled long-shaft irregular parts.

[0020] (2) By setting two symmetrical positioning grooves on the clamping lug, the present invention can adapt to two installation states of irregular parts with the inner cavity facing up and the outer shape facing up. Without replacing the lug or re-establishing the positioning structure, it can achieve precise axial positioning under two processing postures. The standardized design of the positioning groove allows the clamping plate of the tooling fixture to quickly engage, improving the efficiency of clamping and positioning, while ensuring the consistency of the positioning reference after two flip processing, reducing positioning errors.

[0021] (3) The present invention uses multiple parallel and spaced elastic support units to synchronously drive the support head to abut against different areas of the outer surface with a preset pressure. The multiple parallel and spaced elastic support units realize discontinuous elastic support for the outer surface of the irregular part, which not only avoids stress concentration caused by overall support, but also effectively supports the thin-walled outer surface; the controllable abutment with preset pressure can adjust the support force according to the machining cutting force, adapt to the characteristics of large cutting amount and large stress in rough machining of internal cavity, effectively absorb cutting impact, reduce internal stress generation, and reduce the risk of deformation of irregular parts; the support head abuts against different areas to realize uniform support for the entire outer surface of the irregular part, and improve the support effect.

[0022] (4) The quick-change rigid fixture of the present invention enables the tooling fixture to quickly switch support structures to adapt to the rigid support requirements of the inner cavity for rough machining of the outer surface, thereby improving the versatility of the tooling and the efficiency of machining switching; the height adjustment function of the rigid support unit can accurately match the installation height of irregular parts, so that the upper convex support surface of the fixture is in close contact with the inner cavity surface, ensuring the fit of the rigid support; the standardized clamping steps ensure accurate positioning and firm clamping during rough machining of the outer surface, providing a stable reference for subsequent machining.

[0023] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the processing method for irregularly shaped parts according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the irregularly shaped part and the clamping lug involved in the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of the clamping lug; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the clamping and positioning of irregularly shaped parts using the processing method of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the support column of the tooling fixture in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the elastic support unit of the tooling fixture in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rigid support unit of the tooling fixture in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rigid support unit involved in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure label: 10-Irregular part; 20-Clamping lug; 21-Positioning groove; 22-Positioning pin hole; 30-Tooling fixture; 31-Support column; 311-Upper clamping plate; 313-Upper clamping plate height adjustment unit; 312-Lower clamping plate; 314-Lower clamping plate height adjustment unit; 32-Elastic support unit; 321-Support head; 3211-Elastic support surface; 322-Support frame; 323-Support base; 33-Rigid support unit; 331-Lifting seat; 332-First quick-change rigid fixture; 333-First concave rigid support surface; 334-Second quick-change rigid fixture. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 One specific embodiment of this Example 1 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, a method for processing an irregularly shaped part 10 is disclosed, which uses a tooling fixture 30 to clamp and fix the irregularly shaped part 10, specifically including the following steps: S1: Prepare and install the clamping lugs 20 to both sides of the irregular part 10; S2: Roughly machine the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10, and provide discontinuous elastic support for the protruding outer surface of the irregular part 10 during machining. S3: Roughly machine the outer surface of the irregular part 10, and provide discontinuous rigid support for the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10 during machining. S4: Perform precision machining on the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10, and provide discontinuous rigid support for the protruding outer surface of the irregular part 10 during machining. S5: Remove clamping lug 20.

[0029] The processing method of this embodiment 1 enables complete positioning and clamping of the irregular part 10. When roughing the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10, discontinuous elastic support can be provided to the outer surface of the irregular part 10, reducing the internal stress generated by machining and cutting, and reducing the deformation of the irregular part 10. In addition, multi-point discontinuous elastic support can reduce the internal stress caused by clamping pre-tightening compared with full-surface clamping, and improve machining accuracy and dimensional stability. When roughing the outer surface of the irregular part 10, discontinuous rigid support can be provided to the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10, providing stable support for the irregular part 10 in the semi-finishing stage, correcting the deformation generated by the previous processing, and improving the overall contour. When finishing the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10, the first concave rigid support surface 333 provides discontinuous rigid support to the outer surface of the irregular part 10 to achieve solidification and thus ensure the required wall thickness of the irregular part 10.

[0030] In step S1, the structure for mounting the lug 20 is as follows: Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown. Clamping lugs 20 are welded to the two side edges of the irregular part 10 and are removed after the final finishing of the irregular part. The clamping lugs 20 are evenly distributed on both sides of the irregular part 10, with their upper surfaces flush with the two end faces of the irregular part 10, and the entire clamping lug 20 protruding outwards from its convex shape. The vertical cross-section of the clamping lug 20, parallel to the axial direction, is H-shaped, with positioning grooves 21 located at the top (when the inner surface of the irregular part 10 faces upwards) and the bottom, respectively. The two positioning grooves 21 are the same size and symmetrically arranged. By providing clamping lugs 20 on both side edges of the irregular part 10, the irregular part 10 is easy to clamp and position, making operation convenient and positioning accurate.

[0031] Among the multiple clamping lugs 20 on one side of the irregular part 10, the clamping lugs 20 at the front and rear ends are selected as positioning references. Positioning pin holes 22 are provided on these two clamping lugs 20. The positioning pin holes 22 extend vertically and connect to the two positioning grooves 21, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown. The locating pin hole 22 is used to match the locating pin in the tooling fixture 30, thereby improving the efficiency of locating the irregular part 10.

[0032] Step S2 involves rough machining of the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10, specifically including: S21: Adjust the tooling fixture 30 to its initial state.

[0033] S22: Place the irregular part 10 with its inner cavity surface facing upwards onto the tooling fixture 30; S23: The clamping lug 20 is clamped and fixed by the clamping plate of the tooling fixture 30; S24: Provide discontinuous elastic support to the protruding outer surface of the irregular part 10 through the tooling fixture 30.

[0034] Further, step S24 specifically includes: synchronously driving multiple parallel spaced elastic support units 32, so that the support heads 321 of the multiple elastic support units 32 abut against different areas of the protruding outer surface of the irregular part 10 with a preset pressure.

[0035] The structure of the tooling fixture 30 involved in this embodiment 1 is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, it includes multiple support columns 31, which are evenly distributed in two rows, corresponding one-to-one with the positions of the clamping lugs 20 on both sides of the irregular part 10. Each support column 31 is equipped with an upper clamping plate 311 and a lower clamping plate 312, as shown... Figure 5 As shown, it can be used to clamp and fix the lug 20. The upper clamping plate 311 is mounted on the support column 31 via the upper clamping plate height adjustment unit 313, and the lower clamping plate 312 is mounted on the support column 31 via the lower clamping plate height adjustment unit 314.

[0036] Specifically, see Figure 5 The upper clamping plate 311 is rotatably mounted on the support column 31 and can move up and down relative to the support column 31. The shape and size of the upper clamping plate 311 correspond to the shape and size of the upper and lower positioning grooves 21 on the clamping lug 20, and the axial positioning of the irregular part 10 can be achieved by engaging one of the two positioning grooves 21. The lower clamping plate 312 is located below the upper clamping plate 311, and its shape and size are larger than the shape and size of the upper and lower positioning grooves 21 on the clamping lug 20, and it is used to fit against the upper or lower surface of the clamping lug 20.

[0037] When positioning and installing the irregular part 10, first place the lower or upper surface of the clamping lug 20 on the lower clamping plate 312, then rotate the upper clamping plate 311 to align with the positioning groove 21 on the clamping lug 20, drive the upper clamping plate 311 down so that the upper clamping plate 311 is inserted into the positioning groove 21, thereby achieving axial positioning of the irregular part 10; continue to drive the upper clamping plate 311 down so that the upper clamping plate 311 and the lower clamping plate 312 together clamp the clamping lug 20, thereby achieving positioning and installation of the irregular part 10.

[0038] The upper clamping plate 311 is mounted on the support column 31 via a clamping plate mounting seat and a threaded rod. (See also...) Figure 5 The clamping plate mounting base is fixedly installed on the top outer edge (i.e., the side away from the irregular part 10) of the support column 31. The clamping plate mounting base has a vertically extending threaded hole. The upper clamping plate 311 is mounted on the clamping plate mounting base via a threaded rod. Rotating the threaded rod allows the upper clamping plate 311 to move up and down relative to the clamping plate mounting base. The upper part of the threaded rod has a smooth section, on which the upper clamping plate 311 is fitted and can rotate freely relative to the smooth section.

[0039] The lower clamping plate 312 is mounted on the support column 31 via the lower clamping plate height adjustment unit 314. The structure of the lower clamping plate height adjustment unit 314 is described in [reference needed]. Figure 5 In this embodiment 1, a wedge-shaped component is used to control the height of the lower clamping plate 312. For those skilled in the art, other structures capable of driving the lower clamping plate 312 to move up and down are also within the scope of this invention.

[0040] Corresponding to the setting method of the positioning pin hole 22, two support columns 31 are selected at the beginning and end, and positioning pins matching the position of the positioning pin hole 22 are set on them. When positioning and installing the irregular part 10, the two positioning pin holes 22 of the irregular part 10 are respectively fitted onto the two positioning pins of the corresponding support column 31, thereby uniquely determining the position and orientation of the irregular part 10 in the horizontal plane, realizing complete positioning, and further improving the positioning efficiency of the irregular part.

[0041] When rough machining the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10, the purpose is to efficiently remove material, resulting in a large amount of material removed and high stress. To address the technical problem of high stress during rough machining, the tooling fixture 30 also includes an elastic support unit 32, such as... Figure 4 As shown. Multiple elastic support units 32 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the irregular part 10, providing discontinuous elastic support to the outer surface of the irregular part 10. The elastic support units 32 can reduce the internal stress caused by processing deformation of the irregular part 10.

[0042] The structure of the elastic support unit 32 is as follows Figure 6 As shown, it includes a support frame 322, a support base 323, and a rotatable support head 321. The support frame 322 includes a rectangular base plate arranged between two rows of support columns 31 along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the irregular part 10, and staggered with the support columns 31 in the axial direction of the irregular part 10 (see [reference]). Figure 4 The support frame 322 also includes two side plates that extend vertically and have a rounded top.

[0043] Multiple support seats 323 are provided on the support frame 322. The support seats 323 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the arc-shaped surfaces at the top of the two side plates and extend radially along the arc. The support seats 323 can move radially relative to the support frame 322. Each support seat 323 has a support head 321 at its top, and there is a certain gap between adjacent support seats 323 to provide space for the support head 321 to rotate. Through this arrangement, the elastic support unit 32 can closely fit the convex outer surface of the deformed part 10, conforming to the arc-shaped outer surface of the part 10, and has strong adaptability to blank contour errors and deformation during processing, thereby comprehensively improving the processing quality and efficiency of the part 10.

[0044] To address the issues of large initial contour errors or significant deformation during machining of the irregular part 10 blank, the support head 321 is designed for omnidirectional rotation. The support head 321 and the support base 323 are connected via a ball joint hinge. Specifically, a ball joint bearing is positioned at the bottom center of the support head 321, and a ball joint is fixedly positioned at the top center of the support base 323. This ball joint engages with the ball joint bearing, allowing the support head 321 to rotate omnidirectionally relative to the support base 323. This omnidirectional rotation of the support head 321 increases the contact area between the elastic support and the outer surface of the irregular part 10, thereby enhancing the support effect.

[0045] Furthermore, to address the impact issues generated during the processing of the irregularly shaped part 10, multiple elastic buffers are evenly distributed along the bottom edge of the support head 321, with the bottom of the elastic buffers fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the support base 323. By incorporating these elastic buffers, the impact can be buffered, damped, and elastically supported, thus achieving flexible adaptive motion functionality.

[0046] Preferably, the support head 321 is made of polyurethane and includes an elastic support surface 3211. The elastic support surface 3211 is disposed on the top of the support head 321 and the upper surface is an arc-shaped surface, which can fit with the outer surface of the irregular part 10 to achieve a tight fit and elastic support for the outer surface.

[0047] The upper clamping plate 311 and lower clamping plate 312 of the tooling fixture 30 cooperate with the process chucks on both sides of the irregular part 10 to achieve positioning support for the irregular part 10; when rough machining the inner cavity surface, the elastic support unit 32 achieves elastic support for the outer surface of the irregular part 10, which can reduce the internal stress generated during machining, thereby reducing the deformation of the irregular part 10 caused by internal stress and improving the machining quality and machining accuracy of the irregular part product.

[0048] S21: Adjusting the tooling fixture 30 to its initial state specifically includes: first, adjusting the lower clamping plate 312 above each support column 31 to the lowest position, adjusting the upper clamping plate 311 to the highest position, and rotating it to the side to avoid interference with the irregular part 10; S22: Place the irregular part 10 with its inner cavity surface facing upwards onto the tooling fixture 30: Align the positioning pin hole 22 on one side of the clamping lug 20 of the irregular part 10 with the positioning pin on the support column 31 of the tooling fixture 30, and place the irregular part 10 on the upper plane of the lower clamping plate 312 of the positioning clamping mechanism. At this time, the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning pin hole 22 to complete the axial positioning.

[0049] In the preferred embodiment, to further address the instability caused by the matching error between the irregular part 10 and the tooling fixture 30, after axial positioning is completed, the lower clamping plates 312 on each support column 31 are finely adjusted sequentially. By driving the lower clamping plate adjustment unit 314, the height of the lower clamping plates 312 is precisely adjusted, ensuring a gapless and interference-free uniform fit between the outer surface of the irregular part 10 and the support head 321 of the pre-positioned discontinuous elastic support unit 32 below. This step reduces the matching error between the irregular part 10 and the tooling fixture 30, establishes a stress-free, full-area surface support reference, and provides stable process system rigidity for subsequent processing.

[0050] S23: The clamping lug 20 is fixed by clamping the clamping plate of the tooling fixture 30: Rotate the upper clamping plate 311 above the first positioning groove 21, and turn the threaded rod in the upper clamping plate height adjustment unit 313 by wrench to drive the upper clamping plate 311 to move vertically downward along the height direction of the support column 31, press the clamping lug 20, and complete the clamping.

[0051] S24: Providing discontinuous elastic support to the outer surface of the irregular part 10 specifically includes: the driving member on the support base 323 of the elastic support unit 32 drives the support head 321 to extend upward along the radial direction of the irregular part 10, and the elastic support surface 3211 of each support head 321 is tightly fitted with the protruding outer surface of the irregular part 10 under the action of the driving member.

[0052] Step S3 involves rough machining of the outer surface of the irregular part 10, specifically including: S31: Install the first quick-change rigid clamp 332 on the rigid support unit 33 of the tooling fixture 30, and adjust the rigid support unit 33 to a first height so that the clamping surface of the first quick-change rigid clamp 332 can abut against the arc-shaped inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10 that is installed in place.

[0053] Specifically, the tooling fixture 30 of this embodiment 1 also includes a rigid support unit 33. The rigid support unit 33 is disposed between two opposing support columns 31 and is arranged alternately with the elastic support unit 32.

[0054] The structure of rigid support unit 33 is as follows Figure 7As shown, the assembly includes a lifting base 331, a first concave rigid support surface 333, and a first quick-change rigid clamp 332. The first concave rigid support surface 333 is located on top of the lifting base 331 and can be driven up and down by the lifting base 331. The two ends of the first quick-change rigid clamp 332 are detachably mounted on the first concave rigid support surface 333 by bolts. The shape and dimensions of the first concave rigid support surface 333 are adapted to the shape and dimensions of the outer surface of the rough-machined irregular part 10. The first quick-change rigid clamp 332 has an overall arched structure, including a convex support surface. Threaded holes are provided at both ends of the convex support surface for bolt fixing. The shape and dimensions of the convex support surface are adapted to the arc-shaped inner cavity surface of the rough-machined irregular part 10.

[0055] The lifting seat 331 can drive the first concave rigid support surface 333 to reciprocate vertically, and the first concave rigid support surface 333 can be fixed at a first height and a second height. When the first concave rigid support surface 333 is at the first height, the convex support surface of the first quick-change rigid clamp 332 can abut against the arc-shaped inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10 that is installed in place. When the first concave rigid support surface 333 is at the second height, the first concave rigid support surface 333 of the rigid support unit 33 can abut against the protruding outer surface of the irregular part 10 that is installed in place.

[0056] S32: The irregular part 10 is axially positioned by the tooling fixture 30 so that the outer surface of the irregular part 10 faces upward.

[0057] Specifically, the process includes: flipping the irregular part 10 so that the protruding outer surface faces upward, then aligning the positioning pin hole 22 on one side of the clamping lug 20 of the irregular part 10 with the positioning pin of the tooling fixture 30, and placing the clamping lug 20 on the upper plane of the lower clamping plate 312 of the positioning clamping mechanism. At this time, the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning pin hole 22 to complete the axial positioning.

[0058] Furthermore, step S32 also includes: compensating for the offset caused by the deformation of the irregular part 10 by adjusting the height of the lower clamping plate 312 in the tooling fixture 30.

[0059] Since the irregular part 10 will deform due to the release of internal stress after processing, the clamping lugs 20 on both sides will be displaced, causing the positioning reference to shift. In order to solve this technical problem, the gap between each clamping lug 20 of the irregular part 10 and the lower clamping plate 312 at the top of each support column 31 of the tooling fixture 30 can be detected by feeler gauge, and the lower clamping plate 312 can be moved up and down by adjusting the lower clamping plate height adjustment unit 314 with a wrench to compensate for the deformation of the irregular part 10.

[0060] S33: The lug 20 is clamped and fixed by the clamping plate of the tooling fixture 30.

[0061] The upper clamping plate 311 is rotated above the positioning groove 21, and driven by the upper clamping plate height adjustment unit 313, the upper clamping plate 311 moves vertically downward along the height direction of the support column 31, pressing each clamping lug 20 to complete the clamping. At the same time, the convex clamping surfaces of the quick-change rigid clamps in the multiple parallel and spaced rigid support units 33 abut against different areas of the rough-machined inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10, providing discontinuous rigid support to the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10.

[0062] Since the outer surface is only machined once, the machining allowance is very small, generally only about 2mm. Therefore, the stress generated is less than that generated when rough machining the inner cavity surface. At the same time, since the inner cavity surface has already undergone rough machining once, its shape and dimensional errors are all within a controllable range. Therefore, when rough machining the outer surface (at this time, the cutting force is small, and the purpose is to ensure the dimensions), the rigid support unit 33 provides discontinuous rigid support for the irregular part 10. On the one hand, it can support the irregular part 10 to reduce machining deformation. On the other hand, it can make the shape of the irregular part 10 adapt to the shape of the upper convex clamping surface of the rigid support unit 33, that is, it plays a shape correction role, thereby improving the contour of the irregular part 10.

[0063] S34: Rough machining of the outer surface of the irregular part 10. This step can be performed using existing CNC machining equipment, and will not be described in detail here.

[0064] Preferably, it also includes S35: releasing the internal stress of the irregular part 10, specifically: after the rough machining of the outer surface of the irregular part 10 is completed, loosen the upper clamping plates 311 on both sides of the irregular part 10 and let it stand still for a period of time to release the internal stress.

[0065] Step S4 involves finishing the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10, specifically including: S41: Disassemble the first quick-change rigid clamp 332 and adjust the rigid support unit 33 to the second height so that the first concave rigid support surface 333 of the rigid support unit 33 can abut against the protruding outer surface of the irregular part 10 that is installed in place.

[0066] S42: Place the irregular part 10 with its inner cavity surface facing upwards onto the tooling fixture 30.

[0067] Flip the irregular part 10 so that the inner cavity faces upward. Then align the positioning pin hole 22 on one side of the clamping lug 20 of the irregular part 10 with the positioning pin of the overall tooling fixture 30. Place the irregular part 10 on the upper plane of the lower clamping plate 312 of the positioning clamping mechanism. At this time, the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning pin hole 22 to complete the axial positioning.

[0068] Furthermore, step S42 also includes: compensating for the offset caused by the deformation of the irregular part 10 by adjusting the height of the lower clamping plate 312 in the tooling fixture 30. The gap between the rough-machined outer surface of the irregular part 10 and the first concave rigid support surface 333 is detected by a feeler gauge. If a large gap is found at a certain fitting point, the position and orientation of the irregular part 10 can be adjusted and the deformation compensated by adjusting the lower clamping plate height adjustment unit 314 on the corresponding support column 31, so that it fits tightly against the first concave rigid support surface 333.

[0069] S43: Clamping and machining of irregularly shaped parts 10.

[0070] The upper clamping plate 311 is rotated above the positioning groove 21, and driven by the upper clamping plate height adjustment unit 313, the upper clamping plate 311 moves vertically downward along the height direction of the support column 31, pressing each clamping lug 20 to complete the clamping and perform fine machining on the inner cavity of the irregular part 10. At this time, the first concave rigid support surface 333 is closely fitted with the machined outer surface of the irregular part 10, providing discontinuous rigid support for the outer surface of the irregular part 10.

[0071] S44: After the inner cavity of the irregular part 10 is finished, slowly lower all the rigid support units 33, and then loosen the upper clamping plates 311 on both sides of the irregular part 10 to complete the overall processing of the irregular part 10.

[0072] In step S5, the clamping lug 20 is removed by milling.

[0073] Compared with the prior art, the machining method of the irregular part 10 provided in this embodiment can fully position and clamp the irregular part 10, and can also provide certain auxiliary support (elastic support unit 32 and rigid support unit 33) for the irregular part 10 during the machining process. This reduces the internal stress generated by machining and cutting, reduces the deformation of the irregular part 10, and can also solidify the inner cavity surface and outer surface of the irregular part 10, thereby ensuring the required wall thickness of the irregular part 10.

[0074] Example 2 Another specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a processing method for irregular part 10. In order to further improve the processing accuracy and reduce the impact of the weak rigidity of irregular part 10 caused by excessive overhang on both sides of the head and tail, step S25 is added to step S2 based on embodiment 1: providing rigid support to both ends of the outer surface of irregular part 10.

[0075] Specifically: Before step S22, a second quick-change rigid clamp 334 is installed on the first concave rigid support surface 333 of the rigid support unit 33 at both ends.

[0076] The structure of the second quick-change rigid clamp 334 is as follows: Figure 8As shown. The second quick-change rigid fixture 334 includes a second concave rigid support surface. The shape and dimensions of the second concave rigid support surface are adapted to the shape and dimensions of both ends of the outer surface of the profile 10 before rough machining.

[0077] Correspondingly, the first concave rigid support surface 333 can be fixed at the third height. At this time, the second concave rigid support surface abuts against the two ends of the outer surface of the irregular part 10 before rough machining, thereby achieving rigid support for the two ends of the irregular part 10.

[0078] S25 specifically includes: adjusting the height of the lifting seat 331 until the first concave rigid support surface 333 is located at the third height and fixed. At this time, the second concave rigid support surface supports both ends of the outer surface of the irregular part 10 before rough machining, providing a certain support force, further reducing the internal stress and deformation generated during machining, and improving the machining quality and machining accuracy of the irregular part 10.

[0079] Preferably, it also includes S26: releasing the internal stress of the irregular part 10, specifically: after the rough machining of the inner cavity surface of the irregular part 10 is completed, the elastic support unit 32 retracts, the upper clamping plates 311 on both sides of the irregular part 10 are loosened, and the internal stress is released after a period of stillness.

[0080] The processing method of this embodiment can further improve processing accuracy and reduce the impact of the weak rigidity of the irregular part 10 caused by the excessive overhang on both the head and tail sides.

[0081] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for processing irregularly shaped parts, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Prepare and install the clamping lugs to both sides of the irregular part; S2: Roughly machine the inner cavity surface of the irregular part, and provide discontinuous elastic support for the protruding outer surface of the irregular part during the machining process; S3: Roughly machine the outer surface of the irregular part, and provide discontinuous rigid support to the inner cavity surface of the irregular part during machining; S4: Perform precision machining on the inner cavity surface of the irregular part, and provide discontinuous rigid support for the protruding outer surface of the irregular part during machining; S5: Remove the clamping lug.

2. The processing method for irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, the clamping lugs are fixedly connected to the two sides of the irregular part by welding.

3. The processing method for irregularly shaped parts according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two symmetrical positioning grooves are provided on the clamping lug.

4. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 specifically includes: S21: Adjusting the tooling fixture to the initial state; S22: Placing the irregular part with the inner cavity surface facing upwards onto the tooling fixture.

5. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S2 further includes: S23: clamping and fixing the clamping lug by clamping the clamping plate of the tooling fixture.

6. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 5, characterized in that, Step S2 further includes: S24: providing discontinuous elastic support to the protruding outer surface of the irregular part through the tooling fixture.

7. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 specifically includes: S31: Install the first quick-change rigid fixture on the rigid support unit of the tooling fixture, and adjust the rigid support unit to a first height so that the upper convex support surface of the first quick-change rigid fixture can abut against the inner cavity surface of the irregular part that is installed in place.

8. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S3 also includes S32: axially positioning the irregular part using a tooling fixture so that the outer surface of the irregular part faces upward.

9. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S3 further includes: S33: clamping and fixing the clamping lug by the clamping plate of the tooling fixture; S34: rough machining the outer surface of the irregular part.

10. The method for processing irregularly shaped parts according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S5, the clamping lug is removed by milling.

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