Vulcanizing mold for rubber composite material of multi-layer corner laying cord thread and using method

Abstract

The invention discloses a vulcanization mold for a rubber composite material with cord threads laid at multiple layers of corners and a using method. The mold comprises a laying positioning assembly and a cord thread fixing assembly. The laying positioning assembly comprises a positioning top plate, at least two layers of cord thread angle adjusting plates and a positioning bottom plate. The middle of each cord thread angle adjusting plate is provided with a cord thread and rubber laying area and further provided with a thread arranging groove, positioning pins are arranged on the positioning bottom plate, angle limiting holes are formed in the cord thread angle adjusting plates, and the relative angle of every two adjacent layers of cord thread angle adjusting plates is adjusted through switching cooperation of the positioning pins and the angle limiting holes. The cord thread fixing assemblies are arranged on the two sides of the laying positioning assembly in pairs, cord threads extending out of the two ends of the laying positioning assembly are straightened and positioned in the axial direction, and the cord thread fixing assemblies are initially positioned through the cord arranging clamps and then fastened through the clamping plate fixing devices. And the cord is axially straightened and positioned in the vulcanization process, so that the sample consistency and the test stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of molds for cord rubber composite materials, and particularly to a vulcanization mold and method for using multi-layer corner-laid cord rubber composite materials. Background Technology

[0002] We know that, unlike vehicle tires, aircraft tires have much higher performance requirements. When a commercial airliner lands, each tire must withstand an impact load of up to 38 tons, demanding tear resistance far exceeding that of car tires. From natural rubber to synthetic rubber, from cotton cord to rayon cord, from bias-ply tires to radial tires, radial tires currently dominate the aircraft tire market, and their internal structure deserves further exploration to create economic value.

[0003] Currently, radial tires, representing high-end civil aviation tires, feature additional belt layers with varying angles compared to bias-ply tires. This structural layer is composed of high-modulus cords and bonding rubber compounds, enhancing tire carcass rigidity through circumferential clamping action, capable of withstanding 60%-70% of the internal stress load of a radial tire. Under extreme conditions, the buffer belt layer technology, by optimizing the cord arrangement, can significantly enhance tire support performance under run-flat conditions. The mechanical properties of existing multi-layered, angle-laid cord rubber composites are positively correlated with the mechanical properties of radial tires; therefore, in the research and design of radial tires, the mechanical properties of multi-layered, angle-laid cord rubber composites are often used as a reference for the mechanical properties of radial tires. Currently, existing vulcanization molds for cord-laid rubber composites typically include an upper mold and a lower mold. The lower mold has cord grooves, and the upper mold is used to mold the rubber sheet. These molds can usually only prepare single-layer, unidirectional cord-laid rubber composite samples. For testing the mechanical properties of multi-layer corner-laid rubber composites, existing methods typically involve cutting pre-formed single-layer unidirectional cord and rubber layers into specific shapes, stacking them, placing them in a mold cavity, and applying pressure for vulcanization. The laying angle is changed by adjusting the cutting direction of the cord layers, and an interlayer composite structure is formed by stacking rubber layers of the same thickness. In this method, the cord layers are mainly constrained by the compression of the upper and lower rubber layers during vulcanization, making it difficult to ensure the relative position between layers and the consistency of the sample structure. The laying angle control accuracy is low, and manual operation errors are significant. Furthermore, the cord layers are prone to bending and shifting during vulcanization, making it difficult to maintain a straight state. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a vulcanization mold for rubber composites that can achieve multi-layer cord stacking, adjustable angles between adjacent layers, and maintain stable cord positioning during vulcanization to meet the needs of testing the mechanical properties of multi-layer corner-laid rubber composites. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of insufficient accuracy in controlling the laying angle of multi-layer cord samples, easy bending and displacement of cords during vulcanization, and poor sample consistency in the prior art. It provides a rubber composite vulcanization mold and its usage method that can realize the overlapping laying of multi-layer cords, stable adjustment of the angle between adjacent layers, and maintain the axial straightness and positioning of the cords during vulcanization.

[0005] A vulcanizing mold for a multi-layer corner-laid rubber composite material, characterized in that it includes a laying positioning component and a cord fixing component;

[0006] The laying and positioning assembly includes a positioning top plate, at least two layers of cord angle adjustment plates, and a positioning bottom plate. The cord angle adjustment plates are sandwiched between the positioning top plate and the positioning bottom plate. A laying area is provided vertically through the middle of the cord angle adjustment plate. The cord angle adjustment plate is also provided with a cord routing groove, which runs horizontally through the cord angle adjustment plate. Multiple cord routing grooves are arranged in a parallel array to form a cord routing layer. The center of symmetry of each cord routing layer is located on the rotation axis of the cord angle adjustment plate. The positioning bottom plate is provided with at least one pair of positioning pins. Each cord angle adjustment plate is provided with an angle adjustment hole group that cooperates with the positioning pins. Each angle adjustment hole group includes at least two angle limiting holes. The positioning top plate is provided with a corresponding positioning hole for the positioning pin to be inserted.

[0007] The cord fixing assemblies are arranged in pairs on both sides of the laying and positioning assembly to axially straighten and position the cords extending from both ends of the laying and positioning assembly. Each cord fixing assembly includes an upper fixing plate, a lower fixing plate, a clamping pad, and a cable guide clamp that fit together. The inner contours of the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate match the outer contours of the positioning top plate and the positioning bottom plate, respectively. The number of clamping pads is N+1 layers, where N is the number of cord layers. The N cord layers are clamped between adjacent clamping pads. The cord fixing assembly is initially positioned by the cable guide clamp and then tightened by the clamp fixing device.

[0008] Preferably, the laying and positioning component is used for the overlapping laying of cord and rubber, and the laying area is used to alternately accommodate rubber sheet and cord, and provide them with forming space; the cord groove is a groove structure, the inner contour of which is adapted to a single cord, to constrain the laying direction of the cord and regularize the arrangement; after the cords are laid in each cord layer, a corresponding cord layer is formed, and the cord layer remains centered during the rotation of the cord angle adjustment plate; the positioning pin cooperates with the different angle limiting holes on the cord angle adjustment plate of each layer to independently lock the rotation angle of each cord angle adjustment plate; the cord fixing component is used to fix the cord layers extending outward from both sides of the cord layer, and adjacent cord layers are clamped and isolated by pads.

[0009] Through the above technical solution, this invention, by cooperating with the laying positioning component and the cord straightening and fixing component, can form a multi-layered, multi-angled cross-laid cord rubber composite structure in one step between the positioning top plate and the positioning bottom plate. The number of layers can be flexibly set according to experimental requirements. The cord angle adjustment plate, as the core structure, allows for the alternating stacking of cords and rubber sheets in its central laying area. A centrally arranged, symmetrically positioned cord layer with its center line passing through the rotation center constrains the direction and spacing of the cords, ensuring that the cord layer remains centered and does not shift or misalign during rotational angle adjustment. By switching between the positioning pin and the multi-hole angle adjustment hole group, the included angle between the cord layers can be quickly and stably locked, achieving precise angle adjustment and high repeatability. This solves the problems of large errors and inaccurate angle control caused by the existing technology, which can only prepare single-layer samples and then manually stack them. The cord straightening and fixing components set on both sides, using fixing plates and pads that match the outer contours of the positioning top plate and positioning bottom plate, can independently clamp and straighten the ends of each layer of cord, keeping the multi-layer cord in a taut state throughout the vulcanization process without relative slippage between layers. This helps to improve the consistency of the sample structure and the stability of the test results, and can more realistically reflect the actual mechanical properties of multi-layer corner-laid cord rubber composite materials, providing a reliable molding method for related composite material performance testing.

[0010] Preferably, the positioning top plate and positioning bottom plate of the laying positioning component are circular or polygonal, and each of the positioning top plate and positioning bottom plate is provided with a handle for easy operation; the cord angle adjustment plate is a circular or polygonal ring with the same shape as the positioning top plate and positioning bottom plate; the lower bottom edge of the positioning top plate, the upper bottom edge of the positioning bottom plate, and the lower bottom edge of each layer of the cord angle adjustment plate are all provided with prying grooves as prying points for demolding; the lower bottom surface of the positioning top plate is provided with a functional groove for accommodating the vulcanizing rubber sheet in the middle.

[0011] This preferred solution further optimizes the mold's shape and auxiliary structure, enhancing its ease of use and versatility. The positioning top plate, positioning bottom plate, and cord angle adjustment plate adopt a consistent circular or polygonal design, with the cord angle adjustment plate correspondingly set as a circular or polygonal ring. This ensures precise alignment and tight fit of each component during assembly, and smooth rotation during interlayer angle adjustment, effectively improving the mold's versatility. The functional groove in the center of the bottom surface of the positioning top plate can neatly position the rubber sheet used for vulcanization, preventing rubber displacement during vulcanization and further ensuring the dimensional accuracy and structural uniformity of the sample. The prying grooves at the bottom edges of the positioning top plate, the bottom edges of the positioning bottom plate, and the bottom edges of the cord angle adjustment plates of each layer provide dedicated force points for mold disassembly. After vulcanization, the layers can be easily pried apart, avoiding cord displacement, sample damage, and mold deformation caused by forced disassembly. This protects the integrity of the sample, extends the mold's service life, and significantly improves mold assembly and disassembly efficiency and test safety.

[0012] Preferably, the center point of each angle limiting hole in each group of angle adjustment holes is located on the same circumference with the rotation center of the curtain angle adjustment plate as the center, and the central angle formed by the lines connecting the center points of two adjacent angle limiting holes to the center of the circle is 3° to 10°, more preferably, the central angle is 5°.

[0013] Through the above technical solution, in order to improve the accuracy and convenience of cord angle adjustment, the center point of each angle limiting hole in each group of angle adjustment holes is located on the same circumference with the rotation center of the cord angle adjustment plate as the center, so as to achieve precise adjustment of angle in stages, adapt to different test requirements, and at the same time take into account the adjustment accuracy and operation convenience, making the interlayer angle control more stable, and further improving the consistency of the sample and the reliability of the test data.

[0014] Preferably, the cable clamp includes two sets of clamping plates, a pin, and an elastic component. The two sets of clamping plates are hinged together by the pin to form an openable clamping structure. The elastic component is connected between the two sets of clamping plates to provide clamping preload. The upper fixed clamping plate, the lower fixed clamping plate, and the ends of each layer of clamping pads are initially clamped and positioned by the cable clamp. The clamping plate fixing device includes a matching fixing screw and a fixing nut. The upper fixed clamping plate, the lower fixed clamping plate, and each layer of clamping pads are provided with corresponding through screw holes. The fixing screw passes through the screw holes and is fastened by the fixing nut to fix the cord layer clamped between adjacent clamping pads.

[0015] Through the above technical solution, this invention, by setting up a cable clamp structure and utilizing a pin-shaft hinge with elastic components, achieves preliminary positioning of the upper and lower clamping plates and multiple layers of padding material. Simple opening and closing allows for rapid positioning, facilitating subsequent cord straightening and fixing operations. The clamping plate fixing device of this invention uses suitable fixing screws and nuts. The upper fixing clamping plate, lower fixing clamping plate, and each layer of padding are correspondingly provided with through screw holes. After the fixing screw passes through the screw holes, it is tightened by the fixing nuts, achieving uniform compression and axial straightening of the multiple layers of cord. The tightening force is stable, preventing cord loosening, slippage, or uneven stress during vulcanization, further improving the sample molding quality and performance stability. Simultaneously, the disassembly and assembly operations are simple, adapting to the needs of experimental operations.

[0016] The samples prepared using the vulcanization mold of the multi-layer angle-laid cord rubber composite material described in this invention are used to test the relevant mechanical properties of the cord / rubber composite material. The relevant mechanical properties include: uniaxial tensile properties of single-layer or double-layer cord-rubber composite material under different laying angles; interlaminar peeling and shear mechanical properties of double-layer cord-rubber composite material.

[0017] Dynamic adhesion and fatigue behavior of cord-rubber interface; overall mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of multilayer cord-rubber composites.

[0018] A method for using a vulcanization mold for a multi-layer corner-laid rubber composite material, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step 1, Material preparation: Cut the cord to the same length and cut the rubber sheet to match the shape of the positioning top plate for later use;

[0020] Step 2, spray release agent: spray release agent onto the upper surface of the positioning base plate, the upper and lower surfaces of each curtain angle adjustment plate, and the lower surface of the positioning top plate.

[0021] Step 3, Laying and Angle Adjustment: The rubber sheet and cord layer are laid alternately in the laying and positioning assembly. Each cord layer is positioned by embedding the cord into the wiring groove of the cord angle adjustment plate. The positioning pin and the different insertion holes in the angle adjustment hole group are switched according to the required interlayer angle to adjust the relative angle of adjacent cord angle adjustment plates.

[0022] Step 4, Mold Closure: Close the positioning top plate and the positioning bottom plate together;

[0023] Step 5, Fixing the cords: The cord fixing components, which are set in pairs on both sides of the laying and positioning component, clamp and fix the ends of the cords that extend out of the laying and positioning component, so that each layer of cords remains axially straight.

[0024] Step 6, vulcanization: Place the mold, after it has been closed and fixed, into a vulcanization device for vulcanization molding;

[0025] Step 7, Demolding and Cutting: After vulcanization, demold the composite material sample, remove it, and cut it into the required test shape.

[0026] Preferably, step 3, laying and angle adjustment, specifically includes:

[0027] S1. Place the bottom rubber sheet in the laying area of ​​the positioning base plate;

[0028] S2. Place the first layer of cord angle adjustment plate on the bottom rubber sheet, insert the positioning pin on the positioning base plate into the corresponding insertion hole of the cord angle adjustment plate according to the preset angle, and embed the cords one by one into the wiring groove to form the first layer of cord, so that the two ends of the cords extend out of the sides of the cord angle adjustment plate.

[0029] S3. Lay a layer of rubber sheet on the first layer of cord;

[0030] S4. Place the second layer of cord angle adjustment plate on the rubber sheet, select the matching of the positioning pin and the different insertion holes in the angle adjustment hole group according to the required interlayer angle, and embed the cords one by one into the wiring groove to form the second layer of cord.

[0031] S5. Repeat steps S3 and S4 until all preset layers are overlapped.

[0032] Preferably, step 5, fixing the cord, is performed using one of the following two methods:

[0033] Method 1: S1: On one side of the positioning assembly, stack the upper fixing plate, the pad, the ends of each layer of cord, and the lower fixing plate in sequence, so that each layer of cord is clamped between adjacent pads, and locked by the clamp fixing device; S2: On the other side of the positioning assembly, assemble the upper fixing plate, the pad, the ends of each layer of cord, and the lower fixing plate in the same stacking order, and clamp them with the cable clamp for initial fixation; S3: Apply axial tension to the cord on this side to straighten the cord and keep it taut, repeat the operation until all cords are straightened and positioned; S4: Lock the clamp on this side with the clamp fixing device, and then remove the cable clamp;

[0034] Method 2: S1': On one side of the positioning assembly, stack the upper fixing plate, the pad, the ends of each layer of cord, and the lower fixing plate in sequence, and clamp them with the cable clamp for initial fixation; S2': Following the operation of S1', also use the cable clamp to initially fix the other side of the positioning assembly; S3': Apply axial tension to the cord on one side to straighten the cord and allow it to move along the cable clamp, repeat the operation until all cords are straightened and positioned; S4': After locking the clamps on both sides with the clamp fixing device, remove all the cable clamps.

[0035] The above technical solution, through the cooperation of the cable clamp and the clamping plate fixing device, provides preliminary positioning and adjustment margin for the cord before final locking, facilitating axial straightening and position correction. The single-sided cable clamp method is easy to operate, while the double-sided cable clamp method is beneficial for further correction of the cord's position within the cable groove. Both methods help reduce cord slack, misalignment, and uneven stress, improving cord positioning stability and sample preparation consistency.

[0036] The single-sided cable clamp positioning method, with its design of locking and limiting the clamp on one side and allowing for initial positioning and movement on the other side, significantly reduces the difficulty of controlling the cord stretching. During operation, it is only necessary to pull the cord on one side of the cable clamp until the cord is in a taut state that cannot be pulled any further. There is no need for complex tension control, which realizes intuitive and simple control of the cord stretching in place, and avoids the problems of overstretching or understretching of the cord caused by improper tension control in traditional stretching methods.

[0037] The double-sided cable clamp positioning method uses cable clamps at both ends for initial positioning and allows the cord to move. This allows the cord to be pulled axially along the cable groove. During the stretching process, the position of the cord in the cable groove can be accurately calibrated, ensuring a more regular cord arrangement. At the same time, it effectively avoids the problem of misjudgment of straightening caused by local jamming or jamming of the cord in the existing technology, ensuring the thoroughness and uniformity of cord stretching.

[0038] The vulcanization mold of this invention uses a cable clamp for initial positioning of the cords. This not only effectively assists in straightening and positioning the cords, preventing displacement during subsequent vulcanization, but also provides pre-tension during the straightening process, ensuring the cords remain taut. This pre-tensioning positioning method using the cable clamp simulates the stress state of the cords during the vulcanization of real tire rubber. In real tire vulcanization, internal air pressure tauts and maintains tension on the cords. The pre-tensioning design of the cable clamp in this experimental mold closely matches this real-world scenario, minimizing the deviation between the experimental environment and actual production conditions. The stress, deformation, and bonding state of the cords with the rubber during the experiment more closely resemble the actual product, significantly improving the authenticity and accuracy of the experimental data. This provides reliable experimental support for subsequent research and product optimization, effectively guaranteeing the reference value and application significance of the experimental results.

[0039] The differentiated design of the two positioning methods described above not only adapts to the needs of different operating scenarios, but also solves the core technical problem in the traditional cord fixing and stretching process. This is the key creative improvement of this invention that distinguishes it from the prior art.

[0040] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0041] 1. Integrated Preparation of Multi-Layer, Multi-Angle Cord / Rubber Composite Material Specimens under Laboratory Conditions: This invention addresses the experimental research needs of multi-layer, angle-laid cord / rubber composite materials. By setting up a laying positioning component and a cord fixing component, multiple layers of cord and rubber sheets can be alternately laid, angle adjusted, and vulcanized within the same mold. Compared to existing methods that involve cutting and stacking multiple single-layer specimens before pressure vulcanization, this invention reduces uncertainties in intermediate transfer, manual alignment, and repeated assembly processes, thus improving the continuity and integrity of the specimen preparation process. Through this structural design, composite material specimens with different numbers of layers and different layup angle combinations can be easily prepared in the laboratory, meeting the needs of mechanical property testing and comparative studies under multivariable conditions.

[0042] 2. Clear and convenient interlayer angle adjustment improves the accuracy and consistency of sample angle control: This invention uses positioning pins on the positioning base plate and angle adjustment hole groups on each layer of cord angle adjustment plate. The relative rotation angle of each layer of cord angle adjustment plate is limited and switched by utilizing the cooperation between the positioning pins and different angle limiting holes. Compared with existing methods that mainly rely on the cord layer cutting direction and manual placement to control the laying angle, the interlayer angle formation in this invention has a clearer structural basis, the adjustment process is more intuitive, and the angle reproducibility is better when repeated. Simultaneously, the cord grooves are arranged symmetrically around the rotation center, which helps maintain the overall centering of the cord layer during angle adjustment, reducing positional shifts during angle adjustment, thereby further improving the standardization of samples and the comparability of test results.

[0043] 3. The invention enables the constraint and straightening of multiple layers of cords, reducing bending, shifting, and interlayer relative displacement during vulcanization. Each layer of cord is embedded in the routing groove of the corresponding cord angle adjustment plate. The routing groove constrains the laying direction and spacing of the cords, maintaining a relatively regular arrangement during the laying stage. The cord fixing components on both sides of the mold, through the cooperation of the upper fixing plate, lower fixing plate, clamping pad, and routing clamp, can clamp the ends of each layer of cord in layers, and straighten and correct the cords axially before final locking. Therefore, during vulcanization, each layer of cord no longer relies solely on the passive constraint of the upper and lower rubber layers for compression, but can maintain a relatively stable laying state under the action of the mold structure. This helps reduce bending, loosening, shifting, and changes in interlayer relative position of the cord layers, thereby improving the consistency of the sample structure.

[0044] 4. This invention improves sample preparation stability and provides a more reliable molding method for performance testing of multilayer corner-laid cord rubber composites: Through the cooperation of the laying positioning component and the cord fixing component, this invention ensures that the multilayer cords, rubber sheets, and interlayer angle relationships remain relatively stable during laying, molding, and vulcanization. In particular, the initial positioning-adjustment-locking method formed by the cooperation of the cable clamp and the clamping plate provides better operating conditions for cord straightening, positioning, and fixing, facilitating implementation and reducing human error. Samples prepared using this mold are more stable than those prepared using existing methods in terms of laying angle, cord arrangement, and overall molding consistency. They can be used for tensile, interlaminar peel, shear, and interface-related performance testing of single-layer, double-layer, or multilayer cord / rubber composites, thus providing a more reliable sample preparation basis for related composite material performance research and structural design. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of Example 1.

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning top plate in Example 1.

[0047] Figure 3 This is an exploded structural diagram of the positioning base plate and the angle adjustment plates of each cord in Example 1.

[0048] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the cord laying process in Example 1.

[0049] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the axial explosion during the assembly process of the mold and the cord in Example 2.

[0050] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the initial fixed state of the positioning components in Example 2.

[0051] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the mold after assembly in Example 2.

[0052] In the diagram: 1-Laying positioning component; 101-Positioning top plate; 1011-Positioning hole; 1012-Functional groove; 102-Curtain angle adjustment plate; 1021a-First curtain angle adjustment plate; 1022a-Second curtain angle adjustment plate; 103-Positioning bottom plate; 104-Curtain groove; 105-Positioning pin; 106-Angle adjustment hole group; 1061-Angle limiting hole; 107-Prying groove; 108-Handle; 2-Curtain fixing component; 201-Upper fixing clamp; 202-Lower fixing clamp; 203-Rubber clamp; 204-Fixing screw; 205-Fixing nut; 206-Curtain clamp; 3-Curtain layer. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Example 1

[0054] A vulcanizing mold for a multi-layer corner-laid rubber composite material includes a laying positioning component 1 and a cord fixing component 2. The laying positioning component 1 is used for the overlapping laying of cords and rubber, and includes a positioning top plate 101, two cord angle adjustment plates, namely a first cord angle adjustment plate 1021a and a second cord angle adjustment plate 1022a, and a positioning bottom plate 103. The positioning top plate 101 and the positioning bottom plate 103 are adapted circular structures, and the positioning top plate 101 and the positioning bottom plate 103 are respectively provided with handles 108 for easy operation. The first cord angle adjusting plate 1021a and the second cord angle adjusting plate 1022a are sandwiched between the positioning top plate 101 and the positioning bottom plate 103. The first cord angle adjusting plate 1021a and the second cord angle adjusting plate 1022a each have a vertically extending laying area that is annular and adapted to the outer contours of the positioning top plate 101 and the positioning bottom plate 103. The empty laying area in the middle is used to accommodate alternately laid rubber sheets 3 and cord layers 3. The first cord angle adjusting plate 1021a... The first and second cord angle adjustment plates 1022a are also provided with cord routing grooves 104 for constraining the direction of the cords. The cord routing grooves 104 are single-groove structures and run through the cord angle adjustment plates in the horizontal direction. Multiple cord routing grooves 104 are arranged in parallel array to form a cord layer. A single cord is laid along a single cord routing groove. Multiple cords together form a cord layer 3. The center of symmetry of each cord layer is located on the rotation axis of each cord angle adjustment plate, so that the cord layer 3 remains centered after rotating with each cord angle adjustment plate.

[0055] The positioning base plate 103 is provided with at least one pair of positioning pins 105. The first cord angle adjusting plate 1021a and the second cord angle adjusting plate 1022a are each provided with an angle adjusting hole group 106 that cooperates with the positioning pins 105. Each angle adjusting hole group 106 includes at least two angle limiting holes 1061. The positioning top plate 101 is provided with a corresponding positioning hole 1011 for the positioning pin to be inserted. By switching the cooperation between the positioning pins 105 and the different angle limiting holes 1061 on each cord angle adjusting plate, the rotation angle of each cord angle adjusting plate can be independently locked.

[0056] The cord fixing components 2 are arranged in pairs on both sides of the laying and positioning components 1 to axially straighten and position the cords extending from both ends of the laying and positioning components. Each cord fixing component includes an upper fixing clamp 201, a lower fixing clamp 202, and a rubber clamp 203 that fit together. The inner contours of the upper fixing clamp 201 and the lower fixing clamp 202 match the outer contours of the positioning top plate 101 and the positioning bottom plate 103, respectively, to achieve overall assembly and positioning. The cord layers extending outward from both sides of the cord layer are clamped and isolated between adjacent cord layers 3 by rubber clamps 203. There are 3 rubber clamps 203, with 2 cord layers 3 clamped between adjacent rubber clamps 203. The cord fixing components are initially positioned by the cord clamp 206 and then fastened by the clamp fixing device to keep the multi-layer cords straight and without relative displacement between layers during vulcanization.

[0057] In this embodiment, the lower bottom edge of the positioning top plate 101, the upper bottom edge of the positioning bottom plate 103, the upper bottom edge of each first cord angle adjustment plate 1021a, and the upper bottom edge of the second cord angle adjustment plate 1022a are all provided with prying grooves 107, which are used as prying points during demolding; the lower bottom center of the positioning top plate 101 is provided with a functional groove 1012 for accommodating vulcanizing rubber sheets.

[0058] In this embodiment, the center point of each angle limiting hole 1061 in each group of angle adjustment holes 106 is located on the same circumference with the rotation center of the cord angle adjustment plate as the center, and the central angle formed by the lines connecting the center points of two adjacent angle limiting holes 1061 to the center of the circle is 5°. The cord layer uses the positioning top plate 101 and the positioning bottom plate 103 as inositol, and the angle adjustment range is between -15° and 15°, with a minimum adjustment range of 5°.

[0059] In this embodiment, the cable clamp 206 includes two sets of clamping plates, a pin, and an elastic component. The two sets of clamping plates are hinged together by the pin to form an openable clamping structure. The elastic component is connected between the two sets of clamping plates to provide clamping pre-tightening force. The two ends of the upper fixed clamping plate 201, the lower fixed clamping plate 202, and each layer of rubber pads 203 are clamped and initially positioned by the cable clamp 206. The clamping plate fixing device includes a matching fixing screw 204 and a fixing nut 205. The upper fixed clamping plate 201, the lower fixed clamping plate 202, and each layer of rubber pads 203 are provided with corresponding through screw holes. The fixing screw 204 passes through the screw hole and is fastened by the fixing nut 205. By combining with the fixing nut 205 and the fixing screw 204, the multi-layer cord layer 3 clamped between adjacent pads is straightened and fixed, thereby fixing the entire cord-rubber laminate structure.

[0060] The usage method of this embodiment 1 is as follows:

[0061] Step 1: Prepare materials. Trim the rubber sheet into a circular piece that is the right size for the mold. Cut the test cord into 300mm segments. Be careful to avoid untwisting the cord during the operation.

[0062] Step 2: Spray release agent on one side of the inner ring of the two ribbon cable layers, one side of the top plate, and one side of the bottom plate.

[0063] Step 3: Position the first layer of cabling. Place the first curtain angle adjustment plate 1021a on the positioning base plate 103 and position it at 5° using the angle limiting hole 1061 and the positioning pin 105.

[0064] Step 4: Lay the cords. Carefully place each cord segment into the cord routing groove 104 of the routing layer, ensuring that the same length is left on both sides.

[0065] Step 5: Place the rubber material. Put the cut rubber material into the mold cavity, cover the part where the cord is embedded with a small piece of rubber and press it to fix it (note that you should not put too many rubber material pieces at first to prevent interference with the next layer).

[0066] Step 6: Position the second layer of cabling. Place the second cord angle adjustment plate 1022a on the first cord angle adjustment plate 1021a and use the same positioning pin 105 and different angle limiting holes 1061 to position it at -5°.

[0067] Step 7: Install the positioning top plate 104, place the positioning top plate 104 on the mold, and use the positioning pin 105 for positioning.

[0068] Step 8: Fix one side of the cord. Place the rubber pad 203 on the lower fixing plate 202. First, place the first layer of cord on the rubber pad 203, then cover it with another rubber pad 203. Then place the second layer of cord on the rubber pad 203, then cover it with another rubber pad 203. Finally, cover the upper fixing plate 201 to form a structure of lower fixing plate - rubber pad - cord - rubber pad - cord - rubber pad - upper fixing plate. Use the fixing nut 205, fixing screw 204 and corresponding screw holes to complete the fixing of the cord on one side of the mold.

[0069] Step 9: Secure the other side of the cord. Assemble the fixing clamp, pad, ends of each layer of cord, and lower fixing clamp in the same stacking order. Carefully press down the assembled mold. During installation, you can first insert the fixing screw into the screw hole and tighten the fixing nut, but do not tighten it completely, to avoid misalignment of the fixing clamp and pad during the straightening and positioning of the cord. Then, use the cable clamp 206 to clamp for initial fixation. Apply axial tension to the cord on this side to tighten it until it is straight and maintain tension (be careful not to apply too much tension). Repeat the operation until all cords are straightened and positioned. Then, lock the clamp on this side by tightening the fixing nut 205, and then remove the cable clamp 206.

[0070] Step 10: Prepare for vulcanization. Place the entire mold onto a flat vulcanizing machine that has been preheated to the specified temperature.

[0071] Step 11. Preheat the mold for 1-2 minutes, adjust the pressure of the vulcanizing machine to a minimum pressure of 3.5MPa, set the vulcanization time, and start vulcanization.

[0072] Step 12. Immediately after vulcanization, remove the mold from the flat vulcanizing machine, pry open the positioning top plate 101 along the prying groove 107, and then pry open the first cord angle adjustment plate 1021a and the second cord angle adjustment plate 1022a in a direction perpendicular to the positioning top plate 101, remove the sample, and place it in room temperature to cool.

[0073] Step 13. The vulcanized sample should not have defects such as missing glue, air holes, or damaged cords. Trim the edges of the sample with scissors.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is as follows:

[0076] The number of layers of the cord angle adjustment plates in the cord fixing assembly 2 and the method of fixing the cord differ. In this embodiment, four layers of cord angle adjustment plates are used: a first cord angle adjustment plate 1021b, a second cord angle adjustment plate 1022b, a third cord angle adjustment plate 1023b, and a fourth cord angle adjustment plate 1024b. In this embodiment, method two is used to fix the straightened cord; the positioning components on both sides are initially positioned using cable clips before being locked.

[0077] S1': On one side of the positioning assembly, stack the upper fixing plate, the pad, the ends of each layer of cord, and the lower fixing plate in sequence, and clamp them with the cable clamps for initial fixation; S2': Following the operation of S1', also use the cable clamps to initially fix the other side of the positioning assembly; S3': Apply axial tension to the cord on one side to straighten the cord and allow it to move along the cable clamps, repeating the operation until all cords are straightened and positioned; S4': After locking the clamps on both sides with the clamp fixing device, remove all the cable clamps.

[0078] The usage method of this embodiment 2 is as follows:

[0079] Step 1: Trim the rubber sheet into a circular piece that fits the mold size; cut the test cord into 300mm segments, taking care to avoid untwisting the cord during the process.

[0080] Step 2: Spray release agent on one side of the inner ring of the four-layer wiring layer, on the upper side of the positioning base plate 103, and on the lower side of the positioning top plate 101.

[0081] Step 3: Position the first cord layer. Place the first cord angle adjustment plate 1021b on the positioning base plate 103 and position it to 0° using the angle limiting hole 1061 and the positioning pin 105.

[0082] Step 4: Lay the cords. Carefully place each cord segment into the cord groove of the wiring layer, ensuring that the same length is left on both sides.

[0083] Step 5: Place the rubber material. Put the cut rubber material into the mold cavity, cover the part where the cord is embedded with a small piece of rubber and press it to fix it. Note that you should not put too many rubber material pieces at first to prevent interference with the next layer.

[0084] Step 6: Position the second layer of cabling. Place the second cord angle adjustment plate 1022a on the first cord angle adjustment plate 1021a and use the same positioning pin 105 and different angle limiting holes 1061 to position it at 5°.

[0085] Step 7: Repeat steps 4 and 5 to lay the four layers of cord according to other preset angles.

[0086] Step 8: Install the positioning top plate 104, place the positioning top plate 104 on the mold, and use the positioning pin 105 for positioning.

[0087] Step 9: Secure one side of the cord. Place the rubber pad 203 on top of the lower fixing plate 202. First, place the first layer of cord on the rubber pad 203, then cover it with another rubber pad 203. Next, place the second layer of cord on the rubber pad 203, then cover it with another rubber pad 203. Continue this process until the fifth rubber pad 203 is placed, then cover the upper fixing plate 201, forming the following... Figure 6 When initially fixing the structure shown, first insert the fixing screw 204 into the screw hole, and screw on the fixing nut 205 but do not tighten it, so as to avoid the fixing clamp and the clamping pad from shifting or misaligning during the straightening and positioning of the cord. Then use the cable clamp 206 to clamp and initially fix the cord on this side.

[0088] Step 10: Fix the other side of the cord. Repeat the operation in Step 9 to initially fix the other side of the laying and positioning component using the cable clamp 206. Apply axial tension to the cord on one side to straighten the cord and allow it to move along the cable groove. Repeat the operation until all cords are straightened and positioned. Tighten the fixing nuts to lock the clamps on both sides, and then remove the cable clamps 206 on both sides.

[0089] Step 11: Prepare for vulcanization. Place the entire mold onto a flat vulcanizing machine that has been preheated to the specified temperature.

[0090] Step 12: Calculate the equivalent thickness. Since the mold has a 5-layer structure, the total thickness of all rubber layers needs to be measured or calculated. This is a critical dimension for determining the vulcanization time. Use the "thickness multiplier" rule of thumb: the vulcanization time required per millimeter of finished product thickness is approximately t90 plus 1 to 3 minutes. Formula: Estimated vulcanization time = t90 + (Product thickness × K), where K is an empirical coefficient, typically between 1.5 and 3 minutes / mm. For multi-layer molds with generally low thermal conductivity, it is recommended to start with a larger coefficient (such as 2.5 or 3). After calculating the vulcanization time, begin testing.

[0091] Step 13: First, preheat the mold on the vulcanizing machine for 1-2 minutes, then adjust the pressure of the vulcanizing machine to a minimum pressure of 3.5MPa.

[0092] Step 14: Set the vulcanization time and start vulcanization.

[0093] Step 15: Immediately after vulcanization, remove the mold from the flat vulcanizing machine, pry open the upper positioning plate 101 with a special tool, and then pry open the first cord angle adjustment plate 1021b, the second cord angle adjustment plate 1022b, the third cord angle adjustment plate 1023b and the fourth cord angle adjustment plate 1024b along the direction perpendicular to the positioning top plate 101. Remove the molded sample completely from the mold and place it in a room temperature environment to cool naturally.

[0094] Step 16: Inspect the vulcanized sample to ensure it is free of defects such as insufficient adhesive, porosity, or damaged cords. After confirming the quality is acceptable, carefully trim the burrs on the sample edges with scissors to obtain the final usable test sample.

[0095] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of one embodiment of the present invention, but this description is merely a preferred embodiment and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All equivalent variations and modifications made within the scope of the claims of this invention should still fall within the patent coverage of this invention.

Claims

1. A vulcanizing mold for a rubber composite material with multi-layer corner-laid cords, characterized in that, Includes laying positioning components and cord fixing components; The laying and positioning assembly includes a positioning top plate, at least two layers of cord angle adjustment plates, and a positioning bottom plate. The cord angle adjustment plates are sandwiched between the positioning top plate and the positioning bottom plate. A laying area is provided vertically through the middle of the cord angle adjustment plate. The cord angle adjustment plate is also provided with a cord routing groove, which runs horizontally through the cord angle adjustment plate. Multiple cord routing grooves are arranged in a parallel array to form a cord routing layer. The center of symmetry of each cord routing layer is located on the rotation axis of the cord angle adjustment plate. The positioning bottom plate is provided with at least one pair of positioning pins. Each cord angle adjustment plate is provided with an angle adjustment hole group that cooperates with the positioning pins. Each angle adjustment hole group includes at least two angle limiting holes. The positioning top plate is provided with a corresponding positioning hole for the positioning pin to be inserted. The cord fixing assemblies are arranged in pairs on both sides of the laying and positioning assembly to axially straighten and position the cords extending from both ends of the laying and positioning assembly. Each cord fixing assembly includes an upper fixing plate, a lower fixing plate, a clamping pad, and a cable guide clamp that fit together. The inner contours of the upper fixing plate and the lower fixing plate match the outer contours of the positioning top plate and the positioning bottom plate, respectively. The number of clamping pads is N+1 layers, where N is the number of cord layers. The N cord layers are clamped between adjacent clamping pads. The cord fixing assembly is initially positioned by the cable guide clamp and then tightened by the clamp fixing device.

2. The vulcanizing mold for the rubber composite material with multi-layer corner-laid cords according to claim 1, characterized in that, The laying and positioning component is used for the overlapping laying of cord and rubber. The laying area is used to alternately accommodate rubber sheets and cords and provide them with forming space. The cord groove is a groove structure, the inner contour of which is adapted to a single cord to constrain the laying direction of the cord and regularize the arrangement. After the cords are laid in each cord layer, they form a corresponding cord layer. The cord layer remains centered during the rotation of the cord angle adjustment plate. The positioning pin cooperates with the different angle limiting holes on the cord angle adjustment plate of each layer to independently lock the rotation angle of each cord angle adjustment plate. The cord fixing component is used to fix the cord layers extending outward from both sides of the cord layer. Adjacent cord layers are clamped and isolated by pads.

3. The vulcanizing mold for the rubber composite material with multi-layer corner-laid cords according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning top plate and positioning bottom plate of the laying positioning assembly are circular or polygonal, and each of the positioning top plate and positioning bottom plate is provided with a handle for easy operation; the cord angle adjustment plate is a circular or polygonal ring with the same shape as the positioning top plate and positioning bottom plate; the lower bottom edge of the positioning top plate, the upper bottom edge of the positioning bottom plate, and the lower bottom edge of each layer of the cord angle adjustment plate are all provided with prying grooves as prying points for demolding; the lower bottom surface of the positioning top plate is provided with a functional groove for accommodating the vulcanizing rubber sheet in the middle.

4. The vulcanizing mold for the rubber composite material with multi-layer corner-laid cords according to claim 1, characterized in that, The center point of each angle limiting hole in each group of angle adjustment holes is located on the same circumference with the rotation center of the curtain angle adjustment plate as the center, and the central angle formed by the lines connecting the center points of two adjacent angle limiting holes to the center of the circle is 3° to 10°.

5. The vulcanizing mold for the rubber composite material with multi-layer corner-laid cords according to claim 3, characterized in that, The central angle is 5°.

6. The vulcanizing mold for the rubber composite material with multi-layer corner-laid cords according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cable clamp includes two sets of clamping plates, a pin, and an elastic component. The two sets of clamping plates are hinged together by the pin to form an openable clamping structure. The elastic component is connected between the two sets of clamping plates to provide clamping preload. The upper fixed clamping plate, the lower fixed clamping plate, and the ends of each layer of clamping pads are initially positioned by the cable clamp. The clamping plate fixing device includes a matching fixing screw and a fixing nut. The upper fixed clamping plate, the lower fixed clamping plate, and each layer of clamping pads are provided with corresponding through screw holes. The fixing screw passes through the screw holes and is fastened by the fixing nut to fix the cord layers clamped between adjacent clamping pads.

7. The vulcanizing mold for the rubber composite material with multi-layer corner-laid cords according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The samples prepared by the mold are used to test the relevant mechanical properties of the cord / rubber composite material. The relevant mechanical properties include: uniaxial tensile properties of single-layer or double-layer cord-rubber composite material under different layup angles; interlaminar peeling and shear mechanical properties of double-layer cord-rubber composite material; dynamic adhesion and fatigue behavior of cord-rubber interface; and overall mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of multi-layer cord-rubber composite material.

8. A method of using a vulcanizing mold for a multi-layer corner-laid rubber composite material according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1, Material preparation: Cut the cord to the same length and cut the rubber sheet to match the shape of the positioning top plate for later use; Step 2, spray release agent: spray release agent onto the upper surface of the positioning base plate, the upper and lower surfaces of each curtain angle adjustment plate, and the lower surface of the positioning top plate. Step 3, Laying and Angle Adjustment: The rubber sheet and cord layer are laid alternately in the laying and positioning assembly. Each cord layer is positioned by embedding the cord into the wiring groove of the cord angle adjustment plate. The positioning pin and the different insertion holes in the angle adjustment hole group are switched according to the required interlayer angle to adjust the relative angle of adjacent cord angle adjustment plates. Step 4, Mold Closure: Close the positioning top plate and the positioning bottom plate together; Step 5, Fixing the cords: The cord fixing components, which are set in pairs on both sides of the laying and positioning component, clamp and fix the ends of the cords that extend out of the laying and positioning component, so that each layer of cords remains axially straight. Step 6, vulcanization: Place the mold, after it has been closed and fixed, into a vulcanization device for vulcanization molding; Step 7, Demolding and Cutting: After vulcanization, demold the composite material sample, remove it, and cut it into the required test shape.

9. The method of using the vulcanization mold for the multi-layer corner-laid cord rubber composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step 3, laying out and adjusting the angle, specifically includes: S1. Place the bottom rubber sheet in the laying area of ​​the positioning base plate; S2. Place the first layer of cord angle adjustment plate on the bottom rubber sheet, insert the positioning pin on the positioning base plate into the corresponding insertion hole of the cord angle adjustment plate according to the preset angle, and embed the cords one by one into the wiring groove to form the first layer of cord, so that the two ends of the cords extend out of the sides of the cord angle adjustment plate. S3. Lay a layer of rubber sheet on the first layer of cord; S4. Place the second layer of cord angle adjustment plate on the rubber sheet, select the matching of the positioning pin and the different insertion holes in the angle adjustment hole group according to the required interlayer angle, and embed the cords one by one into the wiring groove to form the second layer of cord. S5. Repeat steps S3 and S4 until all preset layers are overlapped.

10. The method of using the vulcanization mold for the multi-layer corner-laid cord rubber composite material according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step 5, fixing the cord, can be achieved using one of the following two methods: Method 1: S1: On one side of the positioning assembly, stack the upper fixing plate, the pad, the ends of each layer of cord, and the lower fixing plate in sequence, so that each layer of cord is clamped between adjacent pads, and locked by the clamp fixing device; S2: On the other side of the positioning assembly, assemble the upper fixing plate, the pad, the ends of each layer of cord, and the lower fixing plate in the same stacking order, and clamp them with the cable clamp for initial fixation; S3: Apply axial tension to the cord on the cable clamp fixing side until the cord is straightened and kept taut, repeat the operation until all cords are straightened and positioned; S4: Lock the clamp on this side with the clamp fixing device, and then remove the cable clamp; Method 2: S1': On one side of the positioning assembly, stack the upper fixing plate, the pad, the ends of each layer of cord, and the lower fixing plate in sequence, and clamp them with the cable clamp for initial fixation; S2': Following the operation of S1', also use the cable clamp to initially fix the other side of the positioning assembly; S3': Apply axial tension to the cord on one side to straighten the cord and allow it to move along the cable clamp, repeat the operation until all cords are straightened and positioned; S4': After locking the clamps on both sides with the clamp fixing device, remove all the cable clamps.

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