Step-by-step enhanced pure electric vehicle integrated heat management system based on nine-way valve

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicle heat management, in particular to a nine-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced pure electric vehicle integrated heat management system. Comprising a nine-way valve serving as a core hub for integration of the thermal management system; the passenger compartment heating loop and the cooling liquid flow path are connected into the system through a port b and a port h of the nine-way valve. The battery thermal management loop and the cooling liquid flow path are connected into the system through a port g and a port a of the nine-way valve; and the electric drive system cooling loop and the cooling liquid flow path are connected into the system through a port e and a port f of the nine-way valve. According to the nine-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for the pure electric vehicle, the nine-way valve is taken as a core, so that pipelines are greatly simplified, the number of valve bodies is reduced, the cost, weight and arrangement space of the system are remarkably reduced, and the reliability is improved; a three-way valve-gt; by means of the step-by-step enhancing structure of the four-way valve, the single foundation design can be modularly increased or decreased, and vehicle types covering different positioning from economical type to luxurious type can be derived.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management technology for new energy vehicles, and in particular to an integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve-based step-by-step enhancement. Background Technology

[0002] Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) integrate multiple heat sources and temperature-controlled components, including a drive motor, motor controller, power battery, and auxiliary drive unit. The core task of their thermal management system is to ensure that each component operates within its optimal temperature range and to provide a comfortable temperature and humidity environment for the passenger compartment. Existing thermal management systems typically employ a discrete or simple series architecture, where the motor cooling, battery thermal management, and air conditioning / heating circuits are independent or coupled only through simple heat exchangers. These systems achieve basic cooling and heating functions through a combination of multiple solenoid valves, water pumps, radiators, and other components.

[0003] The above technical solution has the following disadvantages when used:

[0004] The system structure is complex and the cost is high: the traditional architecture requires a large number of independent valves, pipelines, sensors and controllers to realize the flow on and off and switch of different loops, resulting in high system hardware costs, complex assembly, large space occupation, and many potential leakage and failure points.

[0005] Low energy utilization and significant waste: The relatively independent operation of each circuit prevents heat from being flexibly and efficiently allocated throughout the system. For example, a large amount of waste heat generated by the motor and engine during operation is directly discharged into the atmosphere through the radiator in most operating conditions, resulting in a huge waste of energy.

[0006] Poor low-temperature performance affects range: In low-temperature winter environments, a large amount of electrical energy is required for battery insulation and cabin heating (mainly through PTC heaters). The existing system does not adequately recover and utilize waste heat, resulting in a sharp increase in energy consumption in winter and a significant reduction in driving range.

[0007] Limited functional modes and poor adaptability: The simple series-parallel structure limits the operating modes that the system can achieve, making it difficult to cope with complex ambient temperatures and driving conditions, and unable to realize efficient composite modes such as "using waste heat from the power system as a heat pump heat source".

[0008] Lack of scalability: Traditional design schemes are relatively fixed, making it difficult to achieve progressive functional upgrades by adding or removing components on the same basic architecture. This is not conducive to platform-based and modular development and cannot meet the needs of vehicle models with different cost and performance positioning.

[0009] To address this issue, a nine-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles is designed to provide an alternative technical solution. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve-based step-by-step enhancement to address the aforementioned technical problems.

[0011] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0012] A nine-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles includes:

[0013] The nine-way valve serves as the core hub for the integration of the thermal management system.

[0014] The crew cabin heating circuit has a coolant flow path that connects to the system via the b port and h port of the nine-way valve;

[0015] The battery thermal management circuit has a coolant flow path that connects to the system via the g port and a port of the nine-way valve;

[0016] The cooling circuit of the electric drive system has the coolant flow path connected to the system via the e port and f port of the nine-way valve;

[0017] The refrigerant circuit exchanges heat with the crew cabin heating circuit and the battery thermal management circuit through a water-cooled condenser and a water-cooled evaporator, respectively.

[0018] And a control module for controlling the port connection status of the nine-way valve according to the working condition command, so as to switch the working mode of different circuits;

[0019] By adding a three-way valve to the battery thermal management circuit, the battery pack can be separated from the main circulation to form an independent self-circulating heat preservation circuit; and / or, by adding a four-way valve between the electric drive system cooling circuit and the battery thermal management circuit, a composite architecture of cold source relay cooling and dual heat source enhanced heat pump is constructed.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve provided by the present invention, the passenger compartment heating circuit includes a passenger compartment water pump, a passenger compartment PTC heater and a warm air core connected in sequence. The inlet of the circuit is connected to port b of the nine-way valve, and the outlet of the circuit is connected to port h of the nine-way valve.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve provided by the present invention, the battery thermal management circuit includes a battery water pump, a battery PTC heater, a battery pack, and a water-cooled evaporator connected in sequence. The inlet of the circuit is connected to port g of the nine-way valve, and the outlet of the circuit is connected to port a of the nine-way valve.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve step-by-step enhancement provided by the present invention, the three-way valve is installed in the battery thermal management circuit, with port a of the three-way valve connected to the outlet pipeline of the battery pack, port b of the three-way valve connected to the water-side inlet of the water-cooled evaporator, and port c connected to the inlet of the battery water pump.

[0023] By controlling the connection between port a and port c of the three-way valve, the battery pack, battery water pump, and battery PTC heater are connected to form an independent battery self-circulation loop.

[0024] As a preferred embodiment of the step-by-step enhanced pure electric vehicle integrated thermal management system based on a nine-way valve provided by the present invention, the electric drive system cooling circuit includes a motor water pump, a motor controller MCU, an auxiliary drive four-in-one unit and a motor connected in sequence. The inlet of the circuit is connected to the e port of the nine-way valve, the outlet of the circuit is connected to the f port of the nine-way valve, and can optionally be cooled by a low-temperature radiator.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve with progressive enhancement provided by the present invention, port a of the four-way valve is connected to the output end of the battery thermal management circuit, port b of the four-way valve is connected to the input end of the low-temperature radiator, port c of the four-way valve is connected to the output end of the electric drive system cooling circuit, and port d of the four-way valve is connected to the input end of the water-cooled evaporator.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment of the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve step-by-step enhancement provided by the present invention, the refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a water-cooled condenser, an air-cooled condenser, an expansion valve, a first shut-off valve, an air-cooled evaporator, a water-cooled evaporator, and a second shut-off valve connected in sequence through pipelines; the refrigerant circuit achieves active cooling of the battery pack through heat exchange with the coolant circuit via the water-cooled evaporator, and achieves cooling of the passenger compartment through the air-cooled evaporator.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve step-by-step enhancement provided by the present invention, the control module is configured to perform at least one of the following operating modes:

[0028] Independent heating mode for each circuit: Control the nine-way valve to connect port d with port b, port h with port g, port a with port i, and port e with port f, so that the heat from the water-cooled condenser is dedicated to the heating circuit of the crew cabin, while the battery thermal management circuit is silent and the electric drive system cooling circuit runs a small loop;

[0029] Battery intelligent self-circulation mode: After the battery is heated, the nine-way valve is connected to port d and port g, and port a and port i, and the three-way valve is connected to port a and port c, the compressor is turned off, and the battery circuit enters a self-circulating heat preservation state.

[0030] Cold source relay cooling mode: Control the connection between port a and port b of the four-way valve, and between port d and port c; control the connection between port a and port b of the three-way valve; control the connection between port c and port g of the nine-way valve, and between port f and port e; so that the battery coolant flows through the low-temperature radiator for heat dissipation; then switch the valve state to allow the motor coolant to flow through the low-temperature radiator for heat dissipation, thereby achieving time-sharing cooling of the battery and the electric drive system;

[0031] Dual-heat-source enhanced heat pump heating mode: Control the connection of port a and port b of the four-way valve, and port d and port c; control the connection of port c and port b of the three-way valve; control the connection of port c and port e, port a and port g, port d and port b, and port h and port i of the nine-way valve, so that the coolant can simultaneously absorb heat from the environment and the waste heat of the electric drive system, and provide efficient heating for the crew cabin through the heat pump system.

[0032] A pure electric vehicle, comprising the integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve step-by-step enhancement as described in any one of the claims.

[0033] It is clear without a doubt that the technical solution described above in this application can solve the technical problem that this application aims to address.

[0034] Meanwhile, through the above technical solutions, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention provides a step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve. With the nine-way valve as the core, the system greatly simplifies the pipeline, reduces the number of valves, significantly reduces system cost, weight and layout space, and improves reliability. Through the step-by-step valve architecture, the system innovatively opens up the energy transfer channel between the waste heat of the electric drive system and the battery and passenger compartment.

[0036] 2. The "motor waste heat direct-heating battery" and "low-temperature radiator-assisted heat pump heat absorption" modes implemented in Embodiment 3 of the present invention achieve the ultimate recovery and utilization of waste heat from the entire vehicle and ambient heat; this greatly reduces the dependence on high-energy-consuming PTC heaters and is a key technical path to fundamentally alleviate the problem of severe range reduction of pure electric vehicles in winter.

[0037] 3. The multi-valve collaborative control strategy of this invention unlocks dozens of refined thermal management modes. The system can intelligently and smoothly switch between multiple modes such as "battery self-circulation insulation", "dynamic allocation of cooling resources" and "multi-source collaborative heating" according to ambient temperature, driving conditions and component status, ensuring that the battery, electric drive, passenger compartment and other objects are in the optimal temperature range under any operating conditions, and the overall energy efficiency and adaptability of the vehicle are revolutionaryly improved.

[0038] 4. This invention, through a progressively enhanced architecture of "nine-way valve -> + three-way valve -> + four-way valve", allows a single basic design to be modularly added or removed to generate models covering different positioning from economy to luxury, greatly shortening the development cycle and reducing R&D costs.

[0039] 5. Thanks to the control freedom brought by the newly added valve, the system has achieved a leap from macro-level scheduling to micro-level control. Through the "battery self-circulation mode" implemented by the three-way valve in Embodiment 2, energy consumption can be reduced to the extreme, and the service life of the battery pack can be effectively extended by maintaining the internal temperature uniformity of the battery pack. This reflects the advanced stage of the system's upgrade from simple "temperature management" to comprehensive "energy and health management". Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a basic integrated architecture diagram of the present invention based on a nine-way valve;

[0042] Figure 2 For the present invention in Figure 1 A diagram of a battery intelligent self-circulation integrated thermal management architecture with an added three-way valve;

[0043] Figure 3 For the present invention in Figure 2 Based on this, a multi-source collaborative thermal management architecture diagram with optimal energy efficiency under all operating conditions is added, along with a four-way valve.

[0044] In the diagram: 1. Compressor; 2. Water-cooled condenser; 3. Air-cooled condenser; 4. Expansion valve; 5. Shut-off valve one; 6. Air-cooled evaporator; 7. Shut-off valve two; 8. Water-cooled evaporator; 9. Battery pack; 10. Battery PTC; 11. Battery water pump; 12. Nine-way valve; 13. Passenger compartment water pump; 14. Passenger compartment PTC; 15. Heater core; 16. Fan; 17. Low-temperature radiator; 18. Motor water pump; 19. MCU; 20. Auxiliary drive four-in-one; 21. Electric motor; 22. Three-way valve; 23. Four-way valve; 24. Shut-off valve three. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0046] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features and technical solutions in the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0048] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0049] Reference Figures 1-3 This paper presents a progressively enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve. The system uses a nine-way valve 12 as its integrated scheduling hub, and through the progressive and modular addition of key components such as three-way valves 22 or four-way valves 23, it collaboratively constructs equivalent systems with more powerful ten-way and twelve-way valves. This design achieves a functional progression from a basic version that meets basic thermal management needs to a higher-level version with refined energy scheduling capabilities.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] A highly integrated nine-way valve 12 serves as the central control core, forming the basic architecture. This core is responsible for macroscopic flow path conduction and switching of the major thermal management circuits of the entire vehicle.

[0052] refer to Figure 1Based on the fundamental integrated architecture of the nine-way valve 12, using the nine-way valve 12 as a central flow path scheduling hub, basic path selection and mode control are achieved for the three core thermal management loops of pure electric vehicles—the battery loop, the electric drive loop, and the passenger compartment loop. In this architecture, the nine-way valve 12 serves as a unified fluid distribution center, replacing the complex independent pipeline and valve connections in traditional systems, laying the hardware foundation for a highly integrated and platform-based expansion of the system.

[0053] Structural composition and connection method:

[0054] Crew compartment heating circuit: This circuit starts from port b of the nine-way valve 12, draws out the coolant heated by the water-cooled condenser 2, drives the crew compartment water pump 13, and flows through the crew compartment PTC 14 as an auxiliary heat source, and finally enters the warm air core 15 to provide heating to the crew compartment. After completion, it returns through port h of the nine-way valve 12.

[0055] Battery thermal management circuit: The circuit draws out the coolant heated by the water-cooled condenser 2 from the g port of the nine-way valve 12, is driven by the battery water pump 11, flows through the battery PTC10 as an auxiliary heat source, enters the battery pack 9 to heat it, then flows through the water side of the water-cooled evaporator 8, and finally returns to the a port of the nine-way valve 12 to form a complete cycle.

[0056] Electric Drive Intelligent Temperature Control Circuit: This circuit is an intelligent cooling system with dual-mode operation capability. Coolant flows out from port d of the nine-way valve 12, driven by the motor-pump 18, and sequentially flows through key electric drive components such as the MCU 19, auxiliary drive 4-in-1 20, and motor 21 for cooling. Subsequently, based on operating conditions, the system will automatically switch to one of the following two operating modes:

[0057] Electric drive temperature equalization / heat preservation mode: suitable for cold start or low load conditions. After the coolant flows out from the electric drive components, it enters through port e of the nine-way valve 12 and returns through port f, forming an internal small circulation. It does not pass through the low-temperature radiator 17, thereby effectively reducing heat loss and helping the electric drive system to heat up quickly and maintain the optimal operating temperature.

[0058] Electric drive cooling mode: Suitable for high-load operating conditions. After flowing out of the electric drive components, the coolant enters the low-temperature radiator 17 for forced cooling, and then returns through port C of the nine-way valve 12, realizing a large-circuit efficient heat dissipation and ensuring the thermal safety and performance stability of the electric drive system under high-temperature conditions.

[0059] This embodiment also includes a refrigerant circuit that can exchange heat with the refrigerant through the water-cooled evaporator 8 to achieve active cooling. It includes a compressor 1, a water-cooled condenser 2, an expansion valve 4, and is branched to the air-cooled evaporator 6 for cabin cooling.

[0060] Preferably, the refrigerant circuit further includes a first shut-off valve 5 and a second shut-off valve 7. The first shut-off valve 5 is connected in series with the air-cooled evaporator 6 and is used to shut off the flow of refrigerant at the position of the air-cooled evaporator 6. The second shut-off valve 7 is connected in series with the water-cooled evaporator 8 and is used to shut off the flow of refrigerant at the position of the water-cooled evaporator 8.

[0061] Working principle: Independent heating mode for each circuit

[0062] This pattern is the infrastructure. Figure 1 Its application in common winter operating conditions demonstrates the system's ability to independently and decouple different thermal management loops.

[0063] Operating conditions: In low-temperature environments, the vehicle is in operation. The battery pack 9 has reached the target operating temperature through its own insulation or preheating, but the cockpit has a continuous heating requirement.

[0064] Valve configuration:

[0065] The controller instructs the nine-way valve 12 to be configured as follows: port d is connected to port b; port h is connected to port g; port a is connected to port i; port e is connected to port f.

[0066] Energy flow path analysis:

[0067] Cockpit heating path: In this configuration, the high-temperature coolant flowing through the water-cooled condenser 2 enters the nine-way valve 12 from port d and immediately flows out from port b. After the flow rate is precisely adjusted by the crew compartment water pump 13, it is directly sent to the heater core 15. The fan 16 blows the heat into the crew compartment to achieve heating.

[0068] Electric drive temperature equalization path: Simultaneously, the electric drive cooling circuit (motor water pump 18, MCU 19, auxiliary drive four-in-one unit 20, motor 21) operates as an independent internal circulation. Coolant flows out from port e, passes through the electric drive components, and returns directly to the nine-way valve 12 from port f, bypassing the low-temperature radiator 17. This small circulation mode effectively maintains the operating temperature of the electric drive system, preventing excessive heat loss in low-temperature environments.

[0069] Technical Advantages Explained: This mode precisely achieves on-demand energy allocation, significantly improving energy efficiency. It accurately identifies the heat demands of different circuits: the passenger cabin requires continuous heating, while the battery and electric drive system only need to maintain a certain temperature. Through valve configuration, the system centrally and directionally delivers high-quality heat from the water-cooled condenser to the passenger cabin heating circuit, meeting the comfort needs of the occupants. Simultaneously, it keeps the already heated battery circuit quiescent and allows the electric drive circuit to operate in a low-heat, small-loop mode. This "dedicated heat source" strategy fundamentally avoids the "one-size-fits-all" energy waste common in traditional systems, maximizing the overall vehicle energy utilization efficiency.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] Based on the above-described Embodiment 1, the difference lies in the strategic addition of a three-way valve 22, which constructs an independently controllable self-circulating small loop for the battery pack 9. This loop allows the battery to operate independently of the main system under suitable conditions, significantly reducing reliance on the high-energy-consuming compressor 1 and the high-power PTC heater, a key measure to improve the overall vehicle energy efficiency. Simultaneously, this self-circulating mode helps maintain the uniformity of the internal temperature of the battery pack 9, thereby effectively extending the battery pack's lifespan.

[0072] refer to Figure 2 The battery intelligent self-circulation integrated thermal management architecture with the addition of a three-way valve 22 was disclosed.

[0073] This solution is the first functional enhancement based on the infrastructure in Implementation Example 1. By introducing a three-way valve 22, it endows the battery circuit with independent internal self-circulation capability. This move achieves a leap from "basic integration" to "refined energy efficiency management" at extremely low hardware cost, and lays the core foundation for subsequent platform expansion.

[0074] Structural changes and connection methods:

[0075] A three-way valve 22 is added to the battery circuit of the basic architecture.

[0076] The specific connection is as follows: Port C of the three-way valve 22 is connected to the inlet of the battery circuit through a new pipeline, thereby constructing a bypass branch for battery self-circulation. By controlling the connection state of the three-way valve 22, the system can switch the battery circuit to an internal self-circulation mode. In this mode, the coolant in the battery pack 9 can return directly to the inlet of the battery pack 9 without flowing through external heat exchange units such as the water-cooled evaporator 8, forming a closed loop. This self-circulation mode can utilize the battery's own thermal inertia for heat preservation or temperature equalization, thereby significantly extending the battery pack's lifespan and completely avoiding the starting of the compressor 1 and the high-power PTC, significantly reducing system energy consumption. This is a key technical means to improve the overall vehicle energy efficiency and driving range.

[0077] Working principle: Intelligent self-circulation mode of battery

[0078] After adding a three-way valve 22 to Scheme 1 Figure 2 The system's functionality has been further enhanced by giving the battery circuit internal self-circulation capability.

[0079] Operating conditions: In a low-temperature environment, the high-temperature coolant in the water-cooled condenser 2 first heats the battery pack 9 to the target temperature. Once reached, the compressor 1 shuts off, and the system switches to self-circulation mode to allow the temperature of each part of the battery to equalize and maintain this temperature for a period of time.

[0080] Valve configuration:

[0081] The controller instructs the nine-way valve 12 to be configured as follows: port d is connected to port g; port a is connected to port i.

[0082] After the battery reaches the target temperature, the three-way valve 22 is instructed to be configured as follows: port a is connected to port c.

[0083] Energy flow path analysis:

[0084] In this configuration, the high-temperature coolant flowing through the water-cooled condenser 2 enters the nine-way valve 12 from port d and immediately flows out from port g. After the flow rate is precisely regulated by the battery water pump 11, it is sent to the battery pack 9 to achieve heating. When the battery pack 9 reaches the target temperature, the compressor 1 is turned off, and the battery pack 9 achieves self-circulation mode through the connection of port ac of the three-way valve 22.

[0085] Technical Advantages Explained: This mode maximizes energy utilization and significantly reduces system energy consumption. After initial battery heating, it actively shuts down compressor 1 and switches to a passive self-circulation state. This ensures continuous and gentle flow of coolant within the battery pack 9, promoting thermal equilibrium between cells and effectively extending battery life.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] The present invention is based on the above embodiment one, with the following differences:

[0088] By integrating a four-way valve 23 onto the nine-way valve 12 and constructing collaborative control logic between the two, a significant leap in architectural capabilities is achieved. This combination makes the system functionally equivalent to a more powerful and flexible twelve-way valve system. This "virtual twelve-way valve" system can dynamically reconfigure the flow path of coolant between the battery pack 9, motor 21, water-cooled evaporator 8, and low-temperature radiator 17. Through preset valve combination modes, the system can automatically select and switch to the most energy-efficient thermal management strategy based on real-time operating conditions.

[0089] refer to Figure 3 A multi-source collaborative thermal management architecture with optimal energy efficiency across all operating conditions, integrating a four-way valve 23.

[0090] This solution represents the ultimate form. By adding a four-way valve 23, the system can more cleverly utilize energy efficiently, fundamentally solving the problem of coupled thermal management of multiple thermal management objects under complex and variable operating conditions. It achieves a qualitative leap from "finite mode under fixed architecture" to "global optimization under adaptive architecture", ultimately constructing an intelligent thermal management system that is adaptive and energy-efficient under all operating conditions.

[0091] Structural changes and connection methods

[0092] The specific connection relationship is as follows:

[0093] Connect the output of the battery circuit to port a of the four-way valve 23;

[0094] Lead one branch of the output of the electric drive circuit to port c of the four-way valve 23;

[0095] Connect the input end of the low-temperature radiator 17 to port b of the four-way valve 23;

[0096] Connect the input end of the water-cooled evaporator 8 to port d of the four-way valve 23.

[0097] The core advantage of this approach lies in its sophisticated timing control, which allows the system to meet the cooling needs of both the battery and the electric drive without ever needing to activate the high-energy-consuming compressor. The system relies solely on fan 16 and the free low-temperature radiator 17 as its only cooling source, achieving zero additional energy consumption for cooling and maximizing the vehicle's overall energy efficiency under mild operating conditions to its theoretical limit.

[0098] Working principle:

[0099] This architecture enables highly efficient composite work modes that are unattainable by traditional systems. The following is an in-depth analysis through two typical operating scenarios:

[0100] 1. Cold source relay cooling mode

[0101] Operating conditions: During spring and autumn or cool weather with moderate ambient temperature, the vehicle is in normal urban driving or highway cruising. At this time, both the battery and electric drive system require cooling, but the load is not high.

[0102] Dynamic changes in valve configuration:

[0103] First stage battery cooling: Four-way valve 23a-b, DC connected; three-way valve 22a-b connected; nine-way valve 12c-g connected, Fe connected; shut-off valve 3 24 closed.

[0104] Second stage motor cooling: Four-way valves 23a-d and bc are connected, three-way valves 22a-c are connected, nine-way valves 12c-e are connected, and shut-off valve 3 24 is opened.

[0105] Energy flow path analysis:

[0106] The first stage of the battery cooling path: Coolant flows out from port g of the nine-way valve 12, and under the drive of the battery water pump 11, flows through the battery pack 9, absorbing the heat generated by the battery and cooling it. Then, the coolant passes through the ab connection port of the three-way valve 22, enters the a port of the four-way valve 23, and flows out from the b port. Finally, it enters the low-temperature radiator 17, where it undergoes efficient heat exchange with the cool ambient air, and then returns to the c port of the nine-way valve 12, completing the cycle.

[0107] The second stage of the electric drive system cooling path: After the battery pack 9 reaches the target temperature, the valve configuration switches to the second stage. The battery self-circulation mode is activated through the AC connection port of the three-way valve 22. Meanwhile, the coolant in the electric drive circuit flows out from the E port of the nine-way valve 12. Driven by the motor-pump 18, it flows through the MCU 19, the auxiliary drive 4-in-1 20, and the motor 21, absorbing and cooling the heat generated by them. Next, the coolant passes through the three-way valve 24, enters the C port of the four-way valve 23, and flows out from the B port. Finally, it enters the low-temperature radiator 17, where it undergoes efficient heat exchange with the cool ambient air before returning to the C port of the nine-way valve 12, completing the circulation.

[0108] 2. Dual-heat-source enhanced heat pump heating mode

[0109] Operating conditions: The vehicle is in normal operation, the passenger compartment has a very high heating demand, and the outside temperature is low.

[0110] Valve configuration:

[0111] Four-way valve 23: port a is connected to port b, and port d is connected to port c.

[0112] Three-way valve 22: Port c is connected to port b.

[0113] Nine-way valve 12: port c connects to port e, port a connects to port g, port d connects to port b, and port h connects to port i.

[0114] Energy flow path analysis:

[0115] The coolant flows out from port b of the four-way valve 23, first entering the low-temperature radiator 17, absorbing ambient heat, then entering port c of the nine-way valve 12, and flowing out from port e. Driven by the motor-pump 18, it flows through the MCU 19, the auxiliary drive 4-in-1 20, and the motor 21, absorbing their residual heat. It then flows through the shut-off valve 3 24, into port c of the four-way valve 23, and out from port d, entering the water-cooled evaporator 8. The heat carried by the coolant is efficiently absorbed by the refrigerant, enabling the heat pump system to output more heat for cabin heating. Finally, the coolant enters port a of the nine-way valve 12, flows out from port g, and enters port a of the four-way valve 23 through the CB connection port of the three-way valve 22, completing the cycle.

[0116] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A staged enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve, characterized in that, include: The nine-way valve (12) serves as the core hub for the thermal management system integration. The crew cabin heating circuit has a coolant flow path that connects to the system via port b and port h of the nine-way valve (12); The battery thermal management circuit has a coolant flow path that connects to the system via the g port and a port of the nine-way valve (12); The cooling circuit of the electric drive system has the coolant flow path connected to the system via the e port and f port of the nine-way valve (12); The refrigerant circuit exchanges heat with the crew cabin heating circuit and the battery thermal management circuit through the water-cooled condenser (2) and the water-cooled evaporator (8), respectively. And a control module for controlling the port connection state of the nine-way valve (12) according to the working condition command, so as to switch the working mode of different circuits; By adding a three-way valve (22) to the battery thermal management circuit, the battery pack (9) can be separated from the main circulation to form an independent self-circulating heat preservation circuit; and / or, by adding a four-way valve (23) between the electric drive system cooling circuit and the battery thermal management circuit, a composite architecture of cold source relay cooling and dual heat source enhanced heat pump is constructed.

2. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve with progressive enhancement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The crew cabin heating circuit includes a crew cabin water pump (13), a crew cabin PTC heater (14), and a warm air core (15) connected in sequence. The inlet of the circuit is connected to port b of the nine-way valve (12), and the outlet of the circuit is connected to port h of the nine-way valve (12).

3. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve with staged enhancement, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The battery thermal management circuit includes a battery water pump (11), a battery PTC heater (10), a battery pack (9), and a water-cooled evaporator (8) connected in sequence. The inlet of the circuit is connected to the g port of the nine-way valve (12), and the outlet of the circuit is connected to the a port of the nine-way valve (12).

4. The step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three-way valve (22) is installed in the battery thermal management circuit. Port a of the three-way valve (22) is connected to the outlet pipeline of the battery pack (9), port b of the three-way valve (22) is connected to the water-side inlet of the water-cooled evaporator (8), and port c is connected to the inlet of the battery water pump (11). By controlling the connection between port a and port c of the three-way valve (22), the battery pack (9), battery water pump (11) and battery PTC heater (10) are connected to form an independent battery self-circulation loop.

5. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve with progressive enhancement as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling circuit of the electric drive system includes a motor water pump (18), a motor controller MCU (19), an auxiliary drive four-in-one (20), and a motor (21) connected in sequence. The inlet of the circuit is connected to the e port of the nine-way valve (12), the outlet of the circuit is connected to the f port of the nine-way valve (12), and heat is dissipated through a low-temperature radiator (17).

6. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve with staged enhancement, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... Port a of the four-way valve (23) is connected to the output end of the battery thermal management circuit, port b of the four-way valve (23) is connected to the input end of the low-temperature radiator (17), port c of the four-way valve (23) is connected to the output end of the electric drive system cooling circuit, and port d of the four-way valve (23) is connected to the input end of the water-cooled evaporator (8).

7. The step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve according to claim 1, characterized in that, The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor (1), a water-cooled condenser (2), an air-cooled condenser (3), an expansion valve (4), a shut-off valve one (5), an air-cooled evaporator (6), a water-cooled evaporator (8), and a shut-off valve two (7) connected in sequence through pipelines. The refrigerant circuit achieves active cooling of the battery pack by exchanging heat with the coolant circuit through the water-cooled evaporator (8) and achieves cooling of the passenger cabin through the air-cooled evaporator (6).

8. The integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles based on a nine-way valve with staged enhancement, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... The control module is configured to perform at least one of the following operating modes: Independent heating mode for each circuit: control the nine-way valve (12) to connect port d with port b, port h with port g, port a with port i, and port e with port f, so that the heat from the water-cooled condenser (2) is dedicated to the heating circuit of the crew cabin, while the battery thermal management circuit is silent and the electric drive system cooling circuit runs a small cycle. Battery intelligent self-circulation mode: After the battery is heated, control the nine-way valve (12) to connect port d and port g, and port a and port i, and control the three-way valve (22) to connect port a and port c, turn off the compressor (1), and put the battery circuit into a self-circulating heat preservation state; Cold source relay cooling mode: control the four-way valve (23) to connect port a and port b, and port d and port c, control the three-way valve (22) to connect port a and port b, and control the nine-way valve (12) to connect port c and port g, and port f and port e, so that the battery coolant flows through the low-temperature radiator (17) for heat dissipation; then switch the valve state to let the motor coolant flow through the low-temperature radiator (17) for heat dissipation, so as to realize the time-sharing cooling of the battery and the electric drive system; Dual heat source enhanced heat pump heating mode: control the four-way valve (23) to connect port a and port b, port d and port c, control the three-way valve (22) to connect port c and port b, control the nine-way valve (12) to connect port c and port e, port a and port g, port d and port b, port h and port i, so that the coolant can simultaneously absorb heat from the environment and the waste heat of the electric drive system, and provide efficient heating for the crew cabin through the heat pump system.

9. A pure electric vehicle, characterized in that, Including a nine-way valve-based step-by-step enhanced integrated thermal management system for pure electric vehicles as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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